BE470846A - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- BE470846A BE470846A BE470846DA BE470846A BE 470846 A BE470846 A BE 470846A BE 470846D A BE470846D A BE 470846DA BE 470846 A BE470846 A BE 470846A
- Authority
- BE
- Belgium
- Prior art keywords
- sep
- clay
- catalyst
- iron
- acid
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 112
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 106
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 100
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical group O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 101710169849 Catalase isozyme A Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 56
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100001010 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000754798 Calophyllum brasiliense Species 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 sulphate ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MVEOHWRUBFWKJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 MVEOHWRUBFWKJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000025865 Ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001243 acetic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001649 dickite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXJJSXABGXMUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur dichloride Chemical compound ClSSCl PXJJSXABGXMUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001261 hydroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002913 oxalic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005120 petroleum cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940059867 sulfur containing product ectoparasiticides Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl dichloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)(=O)=O YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 101150058668 tra2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000397 ulcer Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/02—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G11/04—Oxides
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| BE470846A true BE470846A (d) |
Family
ID=120888
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE470846D BE470846A (d) |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE470846A (d) |
-
0
- BE BE470846D patent/BE470846A/fr unknown
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