BE467913A - - Google Patents

Description

       

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  "Improvements to machines for photomechanical typographic composition"
The present invention relates to machines for typographic composition by photomechanical means of the type in which characters, or other typographical symbols or images, independent of each other, can be successively projected, by photographic means, starting from prototypes or originals, through a lens or objective, on a surface or an element sensitized or sensitive to light, so as to form on this surface or this element composed and justified lines of text or printing.



   The invention relates more particularly to machines of the type defined above, in which the movements of elements or bodies which cooperate with one another are governed by a model, a control element, a recording tape.

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 or another element prepared in advance, which represents the result of the primary composition operation.



   In such machines, characters, images or other symbols which are part of a typeface or typeface are usefully arranged on a single prototype plate or sheet, by any method. susceptible to. Make them fit to be projected with the help of light. This prototype plate can be mounted in racks and be adjustable so that any character or image it carries can be placed, selectively, in alignment with a lens or lens system, to be projected and photographed on. surface or sensitized or photosensitive element.



   In some of the machines proposed to date, the surface or sensitized element, on which it is desired to form the composition, has the shape of a sheet or page which moves laterally for each character, or the like, which occurs in. a line, the amplitude of the displacements generally varying according to the width of the character, or the like, projected or, to be projected.



  After completion of a composition line, the sheet or page is moved longitudinally, that is to say at right angles to the above-mentioned movements, so that a blank part of the sheet or page can receive a new line of composition. In other machines, the sensitized element is in the form of a narrow band or ribbon, on which the lines of text are composed end to end.

   Such a tape or tape is intermittently fed for character, or the like, forming part of a composition line, while, after completion of a composition line, the tape or tape is advanced a distance. sufficient to ensure marginal spaces between successive lines and to bring the web into focus for the start of a new line of composition, as is the case with a sheet or a page.



  Therefore, the lines of text formed on this ribbon or this

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 strip are then photographed on a page or sheet, which is obtained by passing said strip line by line in a second machine, which is used for mounting the page or the sensitized element.



   The print or text photographed on the sensitized surface of a page or sheet, made by either of these two methods, can be transferred by any known method to a press plate or cylinder or lithographic machine. or the like, the latter being able to provide in any known manner, copies printed in printing ink on paper.



   It is important that the final printed copies supplied by the press exhibit all the perfection and all the precision which exists in the printed matter obtained with metal types or typographical signs composed by hand or by machine; this perfection resides mainly in the accuracy of the alignment and in that of the spaces between the characters and between the words, as well as in the quality of the definition and the tint of the characters throughout the composition.



   In the machines proposed to date, in which the characters or other signs are printed photographically, starting from prototypes or originals, on a sensitized sheet or page and which is advanced intermittently with a view to successive impressions, this page or sheet is enclosed, together with the advancement mechanism, in a casing or a chamber protected from light, this casing carrying the necessary operating mechanism. Since this casing, as well as the said operating mechanism, must be moved as a whole for each display of a character or similar sign, the machine is subjected to considerable and detrimental forces, which - considering that the machine must be able to perform no less than 150 exhibitions for example,

   per minute - adversely affects the accuracy and safety of the function -

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 nement, as well as the quality of the product.



   Likewise, when the sensitized element has the form of a band or a narrow band, which is advanced intermittently for successive exposures, it is necessary to provide relatively complicated devices for the drive. and for the immobilization of the tape and for the winding and unwinding drums which support the tape; the movements of all of these organs impose high forces on the machine and, just as in the previous case, this movement of masses tends to produce vibrations throughout the machine, which adversely affects the efficiency of the latter.



   Besides the extreme precision required, the walking speed should also be taken into consideration first. However, in practice, this speed is determined, to a large extent, by the inertia of the organs which must be moved during each cycle of operations. In the machines proposed to date, and as already mentioned above, the inertia to be overcome is very important and the devices necessary to ensure precision in focusing, in spite of the numerous displacements performed by the bodies in question, are inevitably quite complicated.



   The main object of the present invention is to establish an improved machine of high efficiency for projecting photographically, onto a photosensitive surface, and in the desired order and with determined intervals, images of successive elements for the typographic composition, this machine being called upon to eliminate the inconveniences and capable of fulfilling the required conaitions with regard to precision, accuracy and speed of operation.



   An essential feature of the present invention is that a holder for a sensitized receiving element and the lens or lens system are arranged in a fixed focal plane and both remain stationary for a while.

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 throughout the entire duration of the "letter by letter" composition of a line of text on said receiving element, and by the fact that the projection of the characters from the lens or objective onto said receiving element is provided by a reflector which, by performing successive linear movements, projects the desired image and determines the position of the projected image in a line situated in said focal plane.



   According to the present invention, the reflector, which is arranged between a fixed support for a sensitized receiving element and a fixed projection lens, has two reflecting surfaces oriented at right angles to each other and 45 to each other. relative to the optical axis of the lens, the direction of the intermittent movements of the reflector being parallel to the focal plane of the objective and to the receiving element.



   In the system according to the invention, the optical axis is deflected by the reflector so as to form two right angles along the path going from the objective to a sensitized receiving element mounted in or on the aforementioned support, the length focal length being constant for all the successive positions of the reflector. A character or image projected through the lens from a prototype or original developed in the desired order falls on one reflective surface of the reflector, ocellus is reflected on the other reflective surface thereof, and there, on a point or focal point situated on a sensitized receiving element mounted in said support, said point being determined by the linear displacements of the reflector.



   The machine according to the invention comprises a drive or advancement mechanism for advancing the reflector intermittently with a view to successive projections of characters or similar signs, these projections being carried out, at intervals corresponding to a chosen spacing, on the sensitized receiver element and which, as has been said above, is immobilized for the entire duration of the composition of a line of text on this receiver.



    @

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The machine also comprises a mechanism for varying the distance of advancement of the reflector relative to the fixed objective and to the fixed sensitized element, and this according to the width of the character or of the image projected or to be projected, this variation taking place for each line of text to be composed on the said sensitized element. Such a mechanism may preferably consist of a graduated series of stop devices, controlled by or from the recording tape, a variable stopper, and a translation mechanism which cooperates with the latter.



   Likewise, the mechanism which determines or varies the amplitude of the advancement movements of the reflector for the spaces between words or of justification for each line of composition may comprise a series of graduated stop devices, controlled by means of a recording tape, a translation mechanism and a variable stop actuated prior to the projection of the character or other symbol, initial or leading, in a composition line. There are further provided mechanisms controlled from the recording tape and intended respectively to return the reflector to its initial position and to advance the sensitized element, so that it is ready to receive a new line of characters or the like, after a dial line has been completed.



   Prototype or original typefaces of the typographic font may appear clear or transparent, on a black or opaque background, and are preferably assembled on a plate supported in adjustable frames or frames, the arrangement being such that, at the 'intervention of signals that appear in the recording tape, positioning or translation mechanisms, develop this plate, in accordance with the desired order, so as to bring any required character in the optical axis of the goal. The control tape or recorder suitable for controlling the movements of the elements or parts of the machine may have one of the names

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 many known forms.

   This tape can be formed by a perforated strip whose perforations control a pneumatic or compressed air system incorporated in the machine, or else this tape can be provided with perforations, movable contact parts or other devices which can control closing electrical circuits or setting mechanical devices in motion. In the embodiment which will be described below, use is made of the first-mentioned solution.



   In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a typographic composing machine by photomechanical means, which includes the embodiment of the present invention.



   Fig. 2 is an elevation and cross-sectional view showing the most essential features of the invention, namely, the reflector or movable prism, the prototype plate, the objective, and the support for the sensitized receiver element.



   Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on line III-III of FIG. 2.



   Fig. 4 is a sectional view along the line IV-IV of the
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 'Fig. 3.



   Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken approximately along the line V-V of FIG. 2.



   Fig. 6 is an elevational and sectional view through the chamber which contains the sensitized element, this section taken approximately along the line VI-VI of FIG. 2.



   Fig. 6a is a plan view showing the mechanism for advancing the sensitized element for each new line of composition.



   Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation view of the control mechanism for the sensitized element, this section being taken approximately along the line VII-VII of FIG. 5.



   Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along the line VIII-VIII of FIG. 7.

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   Fig. 9 is a sectional elevation view of the clamping device for the reflector drive.



   Fig. 10 is a side elevational view of this clamping device, looking in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 9.



   Fig. 11 is a plan view showing the plate and the prototype frame, as well as the positioning mechanism for these two members.



   Fig. 12 is an elevational view, partially in section, of the variable stop device, that is to say of the mechanism for measuring or determining the amplitude of each advance of the reflector.



   Fig. 13 is a plan view corresponding to FIG. 12.



   Fig. 14 is a detailed view of the same mechanism, taken along the line XIV-XIV of FIG. 12.



   Fig. 15 is a schematic view showing the pneumatic control system.



   Fig. 16 shows part of a recording tape for use with said control system.



   In the accompanying drawings, A denotes the reflector, B the lens supporting member, C the prototype plate, and D - the frame or support for a sensitized sheet or plate.



   In the embodiment of the invention, which will be described below, the reflector A has the shape of a mirror comprising two reflective bands or bars A1, A2, rigidly fixed in a support frame A 3, called to slide in a guide frame A4, this sliding being effected in a direction parallel to the focal plane of the objective B. The bars A1 and A2 are oriented at an angle aroit with respect to each other and form an angle of 45 with the optical axis of the objective B, (see Figs. 1,2,3 and 5).



   The reflector and its supporting frame can be relatively light in weight, which has the effect of minimizing the moving mass, as well as the tendency to vibrate due to the weight of the moving parts or the jolts that occur.

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 produced when these organs are started or stopped. The two reflective strips which constitute the reflector can be made of aluminum; the sliding frame in which the reflector is rigidly fixed can also be made of a light material.



   In case the machine is to be used for types up to, for example, the maximum size of 18 stitches, the width of each reflective strip should not exceed 3/8 inch.



   The objective or the member carrying the objective B is placed between the reflector A and the prototype plate C (see Figs. 1, 2 and 3) and occupies a position such as the optical axis of the objective. falls exactly on the upper end of strip A1 when the reflector is in its initial position (see Fig. 2) ,; When the reflector occupies this latter position, an image of the Cu prototyping plate projected through the objective along the optical x axis will fall on the reflective bar A1 and be reflected along the line. on the reflective bar A2, and from there, and following line 2, to a predetermined point, located on the left side of a sensitized element D1 (see Fig. 2), mounted in the support D.



  The reflector executes a forward movement for each character, symbol or the like forming part of a composition line, the amplitude of this movement being determined by a variable stop device, which can occupy different positions, depending on the position. case, according to the width of each character or the like. A mechanism suitable for ensuring these various movements will be described below.



   With each movement made by the reflector during its progression, the feet of the lines which correspond to the optical axes x, y and will come to rest successively on points located lower and lower along the elements A1 and A2 of the reflector, and this until the completion of the dial-up line.

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 sition. At this time, that is to say in the final position, the optical axis will be composed in the manner indicated by the lines with the finned arrows x, y1 and z1, as shown in FIG. 2.

   It should be noted that the optical axis has a constant length whatever the position occupied by the reflector during the composition of a line and that in each case the amplitude of the displacement of the reflector will be equal to half of the actual width assigned to each character, symbol or the like, forming part of any composition line.



   The sensitized sheet D1, called to be used in the embodiment shown in the drawings, preferably has the form of a film reel, preferably mounted on an apron or support carried by two rollers or reels, one of which is unwinding. and the other winder, designated respectively by D2 and D3 (see Figs. 3 and 5 to 8). Throughout the duration of the composition of a line of letterpress material, the sensitized sheet D1 remains stationary, while the line of letterpress material, parallel to the axis of the coils D2 and D3 (as shown in Fig. 1) is composed on this sheet as a result of the linear advance of reflector A.

   The text line shown in Fig. 1 serves only to indicate the position of the composite material, since in reality, and as will be explained later, this line will appear in the reverse order of that shown.



   The sensitized sheet or element D1 and these supports D2, D3 are enclosed in a chamber X, protected from light.



  Between the lower end of the tube B and the opening made in the cover of the chamber X is disposed a bellows B16 intended to allow the adjustment or the initial focusing of the objective tube B.



   After a character or the like has been photographically projected from the prototype plate C to the sheet D1, the reflector assembly A is moved to the right,

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 as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, this displacement taking place in a plane parallel to the surface of the receiving element D1 and to the focal plane of the objective. The amplitude of each displacement of the reflector A depends on the width, i.e. the value in units, the character or the like being projected or the space between words or other blank, this amplitude being determined in each case by an adjustable stop F (see Figs.



  1, 2, 5, 12 and 13), this stop, or some of its components, being required to occupy various positions, as the case may be, under the control of signals made in the control recording tape, and that for each character, symbol or the like, to be projected.



   After all the characters, spaces, punctuation marks, etc., which constitute a complete line, have been projected, the reflector A is returned to its original position in order to start a new line of composition, this movement of return being effected by a mechanism controlled from signals made in the recording tape.

   During this return movement, the sensitized sheet D1 is also moved forward by a mechanism controlled from signals made in the recording tape, the purpose of this displacement is to present a blank portion of the sensitized surface for the reception of 'a new line of typographic material, the members of the variable stop F being again adjusted, also under the control of the recording tape, with a view to justifying the next line of material to be composed.



   In the embodiment shown in the drawings, the objective comprises a telescopic tube BB1 (see Figs. 1 to 4), the element B of which is fixed and serves to support the objective, as well as the other element B1. , which is moved, prior to the projection of a character, until it comes into contact with the lower surface of the prototype plate C, thus forming a light-shielded chimney, through which an expected character

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 on this plate and brought into the desired position at the right moment is projected by the lens onto the element A1 of the reflector.



   Prototype plate C, which bears the characters, punctuation marks and other symbols, usually part of a typographic typeface, is fixed in a C1 frame, slidably mounted in one direction in a C2 frame, which in turn is mounted so as to slide in a bridge C3 in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the frame C1 in the frame C2 (see Figs. 1, 2,3 and 11). A translation mechanism is provided in order to move the prototype plate in these two directions and in the same plane, with a view to bringing the desired character, or similar sign, forming part of the prototype plate, into or above of the optical axis / of the objective, this mechanism being controlled by signals made in the recording tape.



   The prototype plate or character holder C can be made of glass or another translucent material; it bears transparent characters arranged in rows and columns on a black or opaque background. Spaces between words and various other spaces of fixed dimensions may be represented on the prototyping plate by parts in white, ie opaque. The frame C1, in which the plate C is mounted, is provided at its two opposite ends with parallel guides c by which it is supported on the frame C2.

   This latter frame is also provided at its two opposite ends with guides c1, supported in a bridge or fixed frame Cx The positioning of any character or symbol forming part of the plate A, in the optical axis of the The objective is obtained as a result of horizontal displacements determined, in each case, of the frame C1 in the frame C2 and by the displacements of the latter in the frame Cx, displacements which take place in the same plane as the first, but of which the direction is perpendicular to that of the displacements of the frame C1.



  In the embodiment shown in the drawings, these displacements

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 ments are generated by two graduated stop devices C3 and
C4 (see Figs. 1 and 11, each of which comprises a series of studs or stops, each of the latter being capable of being lifted, so as to act as a calibration stop for the translation mechanisms of the frame C1 and of the frame C, the lifting of these studs being governed by signals made in the recording tape., The positions determined by these studs following the actuation of these are imposed respectively
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 ment to the frame C1 and to the frame 02 by their respective translation or positioning mechanisms,

   each of these mechanisms comprising a pair of levers carrying jaws which
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 cooperate with the studs of the respective stud blocks C3 or C4, of these mechanisms. The translation mechanism for the C1 frame
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 has a pair of jaws C5 and C6, mounted to reciprocate on a guide bar above the stop studs C. To each of these jaws is articulated the outer end of a lever forming part of a pair of
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 gas levers and C8 connected to each other at their other ends by means of the connecting rod C9 (see Figs. 1 and 11).

   The lever C7 is pivotally joined to one end of a connecting rod C10, the opposite end of which is mounted on a fixed upright C19 integral with the frame of the machine, the lever C8 being connected in the same way.
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 by means of a connecting rod Cil to a pivot C1 supported by a sector C13 which performs a back and forth movement in a horizontal plane, this segment being pivotally mounted at c2. Said segment is driven from a pair of complementary cams.
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 res C14, 015, carried by the main camshafts Y and Z (see Fixed, 1).

   These cams impart movement to a C16 lever, the upper end of which is coupled to a control rod
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 G17 comprising a spring box or C18 coupling, the other end of this control rod being joined to pivot
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 to segment G13 in ç3.



  The case where the jaws are open will be considered below.

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 or in the starting position, as shown in Fig. 1: When the control rod C17 is moved by the cams to the right, this movement is transmitted by the connecting rod C11 to the lever C8 which, while being retained by a spring C20, rotates around the pivot which connects it to the jaw C6 and in turn communicates a movement, via the connecting rod C3, to the jaw lever C7, which pivots about its hinge axis to the connecting rod C10 and advances the jaw C5 until this last is stopped by any raised stud which is part of the C3 stud series.

   As soon as the movement of lever C7 is stopped by the jaw C5 coming into contact with a raised stud, the whole system pivots around the outer end of lever C7, which in this case becomes the motor arm and transmits the continuous drive movement, determined by the sector, to the jaw lever C8, via the coupling rod C9, which forces the lever C8 to rotate around its starting point ticulation to the connecting rod C11 and to advance the jaw with pins C6, against the antagonism of the spring C20, until this jaw comes into contact with the jaw C5. A rod C21, attached to the frame C1 of the prototype plate, passes through a cushion block C22 provided on the jaw C and is provided with a head or stop C23. A C24 stop block is mounted on the C6 jaw.

   The frame C1 can be moved by the action of one or the other of these jaws on the head C23; this depends on the position occupied by a raised focus stud, of the C3 series, relative to the position in which the rod and frame were left by a previously actuated stud. When the head C23 of the rod is firmly clamped between the blocks C22 and C24 of the jaws, the frame C1 occupies the desired position in one direction of its movement.



   The rod C21 is provided with a transverse head C39 having a groove in which is engaged the nose C41 integral with a

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 extension e40 of the frame C1. Thanks to this arrangement the frame "Ci, while following the movements of the rod 021, can hearth moved in another direction by the frame C2.



     A mechanism similar to that established to produce the displacements of the frame C1 is provided to determine the movements of the
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 chassis 0, together with a series of studs to, these last movements being effected in a direction perpendicular to
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 that of the displacements of the frame Ci. A second segment C'5 is mounted in angular movement around the pivot c2 which supports the segment C13, this second segment being controlled from the cams
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 C14 and C15 mentioned above, through the aforementioned lever C16. This last lever controls, by means of a
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 spring box 026. joined to the spring box C18, a control rod C7, coupled to said segment G'25.

   Two jaws 028 and C9, mounted on a support block and called to slide above the studs of the C4 series, are pivoted together
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 at the outer ends of two levers C3C and 031, which are coupled together at their other ends by means of a
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 connecting rod 02. The Cpc lever is connected to the segment C25 by means of a connecting rod C33, while one end of a connecting rod C is connected to the lever C31, the other end of this connecting rod being mounted
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 on a fixed pivot C5.

   A rod C36, attached to the frame C, passes through a cushion block C37 integral with the jaw C28 and is fitted with a head C38. When the segment C25 moves, the movement is imparted, via the connecting rod C33, to the jaw lever C30 which, by pivoting around its center of articulation to the connecting rod C32, advances the stud jaw C28, until it meets a stud raised from the
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 C4 series; during this movement, the jaw lever C31 is retained by a spring C43.



   Once the jaw C28 is stopped by a raised pin, movement is communicated to the lever C31, since the lever C30, by pivoting around its center of articulation

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 at the jaw C28 exerts a force on the jaw lever C31 by means of the coupling rod C32. The jaw C29 is caused to advance until it also comes into contact with the jaw C28, the rod C36 of the frame C2, which has been moved by one of these jaws, being stopped when the head C38 is located clamped between the block C37 and the block C42 integral with the jaw C29, thus bringing about the focusing of the plate C according to the second direction of its movement.

   In this way, the combined movements of frame C1 and frame C2 bring the desired character or sign of plate C into the optical axis of the objective or lens system.



   The jaw sets return to their original positions when the movement of the control lever C16 is reversed by the cams C14 and C15, leaving the rod C21 with the frame C1 and the rod C36 with the frame C2 in the positions in which these components had been brought, the said organs being now ready to be trained and moved to the new positions determined by the studs called to rise in the C3 and C4 series.



   After being properly tuned, as described above, the C1 frame which carries the prototype plate is finally adjusted and precisely locked in a new position, against any vibration or accidental displacement, by means of a locking mechanism which can be easily controlled by a cam, this locking taking place in synchronism with the operation of the positioning mechanisms.



   In the embodiment shown in the drawings, this locking mechanism comprises two crossed locking bars C44 and C45 (see Figs. 1, 2 and 3) provided with converging ribs respectively C46 and C47 and mounted on a sliding support C48. one end of an angled lever C50 is hinged to the sliding support the other end of this lever 'being connected to a rod or bar C51 which, in turn, is connected to a lever

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 oscillating C52. This last lever is controlled by two complementary C53 cams wedged on the main shafts Y and Z.



  When the lever C52 is' raised so that the ribs provided on said bars each engage between two teeth forming part of a series of teeth C49 provided on the lower faces of the four sides of the frame C1, thus blocking this last exactly in the desired position.



   With the prototype plate having been focused and locked as described above, part B1 of the lens mount or tube B, which passes through a central opening C54 of the locking frame Ce, is lifted up. so that its upper end comes into contact with the prototype plate and comes to frame the character, forming part of this plate, and with a view to the projection of which the latter has been developed. The movements of the tube Bl are controlled by a pair of cams B3 wedged on the main camshafts Y and Z and which cooperate with a lever B4.

   A forked arm of the lever B4 is coupled to the tube B1, while a return spring B5 is attached to its second arm. A third arm of the lever B4 is provided with pegs b which penetrate into slots b1 practi- quées in the forked end of a rod B6, the other end of which is attached to one end of a lever B7 pivotally mounted and controlled by the cams B3. These cams are intended to withdraw the tube B1 from the position in which it is in contact with the plate C, the purpose of this withdrawal is to allow the latter to be focused, the arrangement being such that, when the Rod B6 moves forward, the slots bl allow said three-arm lever to rotate around its pivot, the tube then being lifted by spring B5, so as to again come into contact with plate C .



   The mechanism which controls the tube B1 can also be usefully used to control the shutter of the objective in synchronism with the focusing of the plate C. The objective is provided with a click finger B8 and is arm operated

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 a lever B9 pivotally joined to the tube B. The other arm of the lever B9 is attached to a rod B10, the upper end of which is pivotally joined to an arm B11 attached to an arm of the lever B4. When the lever B4 is actuated by the spring B5, the rod B10 is drawn upwards and the lever B9 rotates so as to actuate the click finger B8 of the lens shutter.



   The lens mount or tube B has been described above as being fixed. However, and so that the dimensions of the characters printed on sheet D1 may be altered within certain limits in the direction of enlargement or reduction from the actual dimensions of the characters shown on prototype plate C , means have been provided to allow the adjustment of this tube. In the exemplary embodiment shown in the drawings, these means consist of a rack B12 (see Fig. 4) attached to the body of the tube, as well as a pinion B13 provided with an operating wheel B14. The adjustment can be carried out using a micrometer screw or by means of any other adjustment device capable of operating within very narrow limits.

   In order to allow this adjustment to be made, the fixing of the lever B9 which controls the click, to the trigger B10 is provided adjustable thanks to the provision of the adapter sleeve B15 (see Fig. 2, 3 and 4), while the bellows B16 lengthens or shortens according to the direction of displacement of the tube B.



   The light source can consist of any known and suitable device. In the construction mode shown in the drawings, an electric lamp G1 is mounted in a branch of an elbow tube G. The rays emitted by this lamp strike a reflector G2 which reflects them downwards, through the vertical branch of the tube. G, on a portion of plate C bearing the characters, as indicated by the line (see Figs. 1 and 2).



   The movements of the objective tube having the effect of increasing

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 lie or reduce the dimensions of the characters, or the like, reproduced on the receiving element D1, in relation to the dimensions of the signs present on the prototyping plate, will be accompanied by a corresponding upward or downward movement of the reflector A with respect to said receiving element. A suitable system for producing these adjusting movements of the reflector comprises a wedge-shaped member A6, mounted for sliding between the frame A4 on which the reflector slides, and the base A7. The faces of the frame A4 and of the base A7 are convergent, so as to correspond to the convergent shape of the member A6.

   The development of the member A6 can be carried out easily using a pinion A8 controlled by hand and meshing with a rack A9 integral with the member ZA6 (see Figs. 2 and 3).



   After a character or other symbol has been photographed, the control recording tape advances one step, as will be described later, with the initiation of focus of the C plate for the next character. Then, the reflector A is moved forward one step by the action of its control device by wedging E until the latter is stopped by its coming into contact with a variable stop F which is itself reset to the position. point under the control of the recording tape for reproduction of the next character in question.



   The clamping device E (see Figs. 1, 2, 9 and 10) acts on a rod A5 attached to the support frame A3 of reflector A (see Figs. 1, 2, 5 and 11), the amplitude of the movement imprinted on the reflector being in all cases determined by the adjustable and variable stop F which comes into place on the path of the clamping device and which is controlled by means of a translation mechanism , from signals made in the recording tape, in such a way that this stop is set in order to correspond to the width or to the transverse value attributed to each character, space, etc., called to be projected.

   This comrnan-

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 by wedging (see Fies. 9 and 10) usefully comprises a lever or forked arm E1, the upper end of which is fixed to an oscillating lever E3 The lower end of the lever
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 l enters a slot provided in a sliding block 4, which has an opening through which the rod A 'passes. hinging the rod and the inclined upper wall of the opening provided in the block L is a sliding corner 5.ntr6 the two branches of the forked lever E1 is pivoted a lever E3 whose lower end is provided and notched, so to embrace ankles integral with the corner E5.



  Normally the wedge E5 is pressed to the left (as shown in Fig. 9) by the action of a spring E6, thus wedging the
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 rod against the block, so that these two members are advanced as one as a result of the movement of the lever Ll, until a projection B3 provided on the block D meets a portion of the stop. The oscillating shaft 2, which imparts the control stroke to the wedging device 11., is in turn driven from a pair of cones 13 mounted on the twin shafts Y and Z, these cones acting on one end of 'a lever eouaé s14 (see Fig. 1), so as to trë; iJlSet the movement by means of a rod, which includes a spring box, to a crank arm! ,, 16 fixed to the oscillating shaft E2.



   After each advance of the reflector A, the wedge E5 is caused to release the rod by the intervention of a solid E7 cam.
 EMI20.3
 daire o.'a tree L 'supported by the branches 2 of the clamping device (see Fig. 9). On the shaft L8 is wedged a crank arm of short length lij to which is attached a control linkage 10 (see Fig. 10), the upper end of which is connected to a branch of an angled lever E11 carried by the arm. front end of an E12 oscillating shaft.

   The oscillating shaft
 EMI20.4
 E 12 is controlled by a pair of L17 cams wedged on the Y and Z twin-shafts, which cams act on a lever
 EMI20.5
 angled E 18, so as to transmit the movement through

 <Desc / Clms Page number 21>

 diary from an E19 rod (in which a spring box is incorporated) to an E20 crank arm fixed to the rear end of the oscillating shaft E12 (see Fig. 1).



   When the rod A5 is released by the clamping device E, a clamping pad E2 '(see Figs. 1, 2 and 5) engages on this rod in order to prevent any accidental displacement of the reflector. This clamping pad is controlled from the E22 cams fitted on the twin shafts X and Z and which, by means of an E23 elbow lever, an E24 link and an E25 elbow lever, print a movement a rod E26, D in which is incorporated a spring box and which is connected to a crank arm E27 wedged on the clamping pad E21 (see Fig. 1).



   When a composition line has been completed, the reflector A is returned to its initial position. A suitable mechanism for carrying out this operation comprises an elbow lever E31 pivotally mounted on a shaft e1 and arranged in such a way that an arm E32 of this lever is interposed on the path of the rod A5 of the reflector, while that the other arm E33 bears against a cam E34 (see Figs. 1 and 2). The cam E34 is carried by the sleeve E35 mounted freely on a shaft E36 which is constantly driven, via the gears E37, from the camshaft Z.



   During the composition of a line, the shaft E36 turns crazy, while the sleeve E35 and the end cap E34 remain immobile, being blocked by a latch E44 (see Fig. 1) which acts on a pawl E45 carried by the face of the line. the cam E34.



   The return movement of reflector A is governed by a signal made in the recording tape (as will be described below). In the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, this signal has the effect of admitting air to one of the two cylinders E42 (see FIG. 15), only one of which has been indicated in FIG. 1. The pistons of these

 <Desc / Clms Page number 22>

 cylinders act on an arm of an elbow lever E43 mounted in a pivoting position. At the other arm of this lever is articulated the lock
 EMI22.1
  44. When the lever 43 is actuated, it acts so as to remove the latch 44 and the pawl 45 acts on a ratchet wheel Li46 wedged on one end of the shaft 1, 36, thus coupling the pin E35 to the tree 3ô.

   When the shaft 3 and the cam E34 have completed one revolution, the latch E 44 will be returned by its spring, and will act on the pawl E45 so as to release
 EMI22.2
 the latter of the ratchet wheel E and to stop the handle 35 which carries the cam lli34. Lever E41 is now returned to its initial position by the action of cam E34.
 EMI22.3
 



  Before the cam E 34 actuates the lever b31 which ensures the return of the reflector, the clamping pad L1 and the wedge E5 are made inactive, the clamping pad E21 being actuated
 EMI22.4
 from a second cam E mounted on the mancnon E33 (see Figs. 1 and 2). The cam E 38 acts on an arm of an angled lever bzz, the other arm E of which is coupled to a connecting rod Z52 fixed to a stop block E28 that this connecting rod comes to interpose behind a stop integral with the control rod E26 of the clamping pad. 1 21
 EMI22.5
 The arm 40 of the aforementioned angled lever, controlled from the cam B38 is also coupled, via a connecting rod E41, to a locking lever E29 freely mounted on the oscillating shaft
 EMI22.6
 E2, so that,

   when the arm E 40 actuates the stop block it simultaneously rotates the locking lever 29 so that the latter engages on the arm 30 of the lever L11 and locks the latter in a position in which the lever L11 prevents wedge ji 5 from tightening rod AB (see Figs. 1, 9 and 10).



   After the reflector has been returned to its original position
 EMI22.7
 tial, by the action of the cam 34, the cam b38, acting through the intermission of the lever E4U, ensures the withdrawal of the stop block 8 and of the blocking lever E29 for the corner E5, thus allowing the control device by jamming E to resume the advancement of the reflector.



   While the reflector returns to its position

 <Desc / Clms Page number 23>

 initial, the recording tape continues to advance and, during the first two cycles of the machine, will present successive signals with a view to focusing the justification corners F, F3 for the next line to be photographed. These two cycles may be of sufficient duration to allow the return movement of the reflector; however, in order to avoid the impact of the components on one another, several empty or non-productive cycles of the machine can be provided. In the construction example shown in the drawings, the gear system E37 (see Fig. 1) is designed in such a way that the shaft E36 is made one revolution for every five revolutions of the camshaft Y .

   During the three additional turns, no productive signal will appear on the tape recorder.



   These empty or non-productive cycles can be obtained by the fact that the typographer responsible for composing the recording tape inserts successive signals, formed for example by the combination of two justification signals s, sl (see Fig. 16). Each of these signals will act in the direction of actuation of the lock E44; however, and as the pawl E45 moves integrally with its cam E34, this actuation does not take place. These three unproductive signals precede the signals for focusing the justification corners. This particular feature will be explained below, when describing the pneumatic system and the recording tape.



   In certain types of composition, it may be necessary to stop the stepping movement of reflector A, during the duration of a composition line, without returning the latter to its initial position. meant for that purpose.



   This is easily achieved by the intervention of signals present in the recording tape and which determine the movement of one or the other of the two pneumatic pistons E47 which actuate a tilting latch E48 controlled by a spring (see Figs. 1 and 2).



  When the lock is actuated, the beak of the latter engages

 <Desc / Clms Page number 24>

 under a heel E49 of lever 1:; 11 forming part of the jamming mechanism and preventing the latter from performing its normal driving movement. The same signal from the tape can be used
 EMI24.1
 to control a piston Bzz which actuates an angled lever Bol and which, by means of a pin and slot coupling which connects it to the connecting rod li 52, enables the actuation of the stop block 28 for the serrac buffer ,, - eu .1j ',' u of rod A 5 see Fiss. 1 and 2).



   The effective displacement amplitude imparted to the reflector A, during each of its forward strokes during the composition, is determined, as indicated above, by the calibrated, graduated or variable stop, F, which is adjusted. -or certain elements of which are brought into focus- as desired in each case, under the control of signals which present themselves in the recording tape, this focusing being determined either by the width or the transverse value assigned to each character- character, number or other symbol, either by justification or spaces between words in a given line of composition.



   It should be noted in passing that spaces or blanks of fixed dimensions will be treated in the same way as characters or symbols and that only variable spaces or spaces between words will be treated in the manner described below.



  The two types of spaces are represented in the prototyping plate by non-translucent portions. bans the construction method shown in the drawings, the
 EMI24.2
 variable stop device l for the deflector Do has a main corner or one determining the width F1, the two corners of up to
 EMI24.3
 tification F and '3, a character transfer corner or the like r', and a transfer corner -t'spaces F '. The last two wedges determine the fact, i.e., whether the reflector advance is to be measured by wedge F1 alone or jointly by the
 EMI24.4
 corners b'1, F2 and F.



  These wedges are interposed between the projection E 53 of the block L4 of the clamping device E and a fixed stop F (see Fi8s.1,

 <Desc / Clms Page number 25>

 2, 5 and 13) integral with the frame of the machine, the two justification corners F2 and F being arranged on a step of the stop F60, between the latter and the main corner F1.



   To measure all the characters, the transfer wedge F4 intervenes between the wedge F1 and the fixed stop F60.



   For inter-word spaces, the additional value, as determined by the two justification corners F2 and F3, is added to the minimum width assigned to an inter-word space, as determined by the corner F1. Therefore, with a view to reproducing a gap between words, the character transfer corner F4 is made inactive, while the space transfer corner F5 comes between the corners F2 and F3 d. 'on the one hand and the corner F1 on the other hand. The two wedges of justification F2 and F3 are set for each composition line under the control of the signals present on the tape recorder, and this before the projection of the first character of this line. Thus, when composing characters, etc., the actual displacement of the reflector is determined by the corner F1.

   When reproducing word spaces, the range of motion of the reflector is determined by the corner F1 together with the two justification corners F2 and F3, so that each word space is increased by an amount necessary to ensure the justification. The movements of the transfer wedges F3 and F4 are controlled from the tape recorder. The mechanism thus controlled in order to actuate the various elements of the adjustable calibration stop F will be described below.



   The wedge determining the width F1 is operated from a pair of jaws F6 and F7 (see Figs. 1 and 5) mounted so as to perform reciprocating movements on a guide bar F8, above a plate through which a series of F9 stop or calibration studs passes through which are controlled from the tape recorder, analogous to those already described in connection with the control of the development of the prototype plate C. These jaws have special characteristics.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 26>

 
 EMI26.1
 rear housings f6 f7 @ between which, or on the path aesquels is interposed a beak F10 integral with the end
 EMI26.2
 of the control rod Corner wire FI.

   One end of a lever F12 is articulated to the jaw Fs which is pivotally joined to one end of a connecting rod F13, the other end of this connecting rod being attached to a fixed pivot F14. One end of a lever F15 is pivotally joined to the jaw F7, which is pivotably joined to one end of a connecting rod F16 which is at its
 EMI26.3
 lathe pivotally joined to an oscillating segment F1. The free ends of the levers F12 and F15 are coupled using a connecting rod
 EMI26.4
 F1.

   The segment F1 is driven in oscillation by a vertical shaft F1 to which is coupled one end of a lever P20 (see Fig. 1), the opposite end of which is connected to a rod.
 EMI26.5
 ae control F'1 in which is incorporated a spring box FZo The control rod p2l is actuated by a lever F23 from the additional cams Fez set on the twin camshafts Y and Z.



   When the control rod F21 moves to the left (see Fig. 1), the bell F17 is also turned to the left and the lever F15 being retained by a spring F, turns on its articulation pivot at the jaw 7 and , through
 EMI26.6
 rod F18, forces lever F'2 to turn around its pivot of articulation to connecting rod F13, thus moving jaw F6 until it comes into contact with a raised stud, forming part of the series of studs F9, after which, the segment F17, continuing its movement, forces the lever F12 to pivot around its center of articulation to the jaw F6 and, through the intermediary of the connecting rod F16,

   causes lever F15 to pivot around its center of articulation to connecting rod F16 and to make
 EMI26.7
 advance the jaw F against the antagonism of the spring p25, until this last jaw comes into contact with the jaw F6, position in which the head F1 of the wedge Fi will be clamped between the extensions i6 and 17 of these jaws, to the extent

 <Desc / Clms Page number 27>

 determined by the raised stud.



   The jaws F6 and F7 are returned to their initial positions by the return movement of the segment F17 (see Fig. 5), the wedge F1 thus being able to be brought into focus again during the following closing movement of the jaws.



   The main wedge F1 is locked after each adjustment, by means of a pin F35 (see Figs. 1 and 12) controlled by a spring, this locking being effected by a tooth F40 integral with this pin and which engages. between the teeth F41 integral with the corner FI. This spindle is articulated at one end of a control lever F36 connected, by means of a connecting rod F37, to an elbow lever 38 driven from the cams F39 wedged on the twin shafts Y and Z.



   In the construction mode shown in the drawings, the corner F1 is independent, in its action consisting in determining the width or the space allocated to each character or symbol appearing on the prototype plate, of the mechanism for the development of this plate. and, consequently, the locations of the characters or signs on the prototype plate are not imposed by the width or the value in units that each of these characters or signs represents, this allows to provide a greater choice of characters than this would be possible if all characters etc., representing a given unit value, were to be placed in the same row on the prototype plate.

   This arrangement further eliminates the need to provide blanks where the font does not include characters of a given unit value in sufficient number to completely fill a row.



   In cases where use is made of a limited font and it is considered advantageous to arrange the characters in rows according to their value in units, the focusing of the corner F1 could be effected by means of a mechanism appropriate synchronized with the prototype plate by means of pneumatic studs and

 <Desc / Clms Page number 28>

 translation levers cooperating on the one hand with this mechanism and, on the other hand, with the mechanism which determines the movements of the prototype plate in the direction of the width of the characters it carries.



   The jaws F6 and F7 are also used, in the construction mode shown in the drawings, to develop, during two cycles, otherwise non-productive, of the machine, the two justification wedges F2 and F. At the corner F2 are finds articulated a tail F26 (see Fig. 1) provided with a boss F27, while a similar tail F28, provided with a boss F29, is articulated at the corner F3. The focus of each of these corners is governed by a separate signal.

   When the first justification signal is presented on the recording tape, the air flows for an instant, through a channel, towards a cylinder F30 (see Figs. 1 and 15) placed above the tail F26 integral with the wedge F2, and the piston mounted in this cylinder acts on one arm of an angled lever F31 such that the outer end of the other arm of this lever, the end usefully provided with a roller F32, rotates the tail F26 of the corner F2 around its point of articulation, so that the boss F27, integral with this tail, rises and comes to interpose on the path of the extensions f6 and f7 of the jaws, which, when closing, drag the justification wedge F to the position determined by. one studs from the F9 series.

   During the next cycle of the machine, the second transfer wedge F3 is actuated and focused by an air intake to a cylinder F33, the piston of which acts on an angled lever F34 so as to rotate the tail F28 and to lift the boss F29, integral with the latter, so as to bring it into a position in which this boss can be driven and focused by the extensions of the jaws F6 and F7 during the next closing movement of these.



   After being brought into focus for a given composition line, the two justification corners are locked.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 29>

 against any displacement, until such time as they have to be re-tuned for a new line. The wedge F2 has on its upper surface a series of teeth F68, between any pair of which can engage a solid tooth of the lower end of a locking bar F69 movable in the vertical direction and ' subjected to the action of a spring (see Figs. 5 and 12). Likewise, corner F3 is provided with teeth F70 and a locking bar F71. A lever F72 pivotally mounted on a shaft f8 acts on the upper end of the locking bar F69. At the outer end of the lever F72 is articulated an oscillating lever F73 (see Figs. 12 and 13).

   This last lever is oriented upwards and is engaged in a notch F76 provided in the front end of the control lever F36; it is provided with a head or a collar F74. This oscillating lever is held in its normal position by a spring F75, while the locking bar F69 is kept in engagement with the teeth 'integral with the wedge F2 by means of '' a spring F77 When the wedge F2 has to be in focus, air is admitted, under the control of a recording tape, to a pneumatic cylinder F78 (see
Figs.

   12 and 13), from which it pushes back the piston F79, so as to cause the latter to act on an arm of an elbow lever F80 pivotally mounted and which, by rotating around its pivot, acts, by its other arm, on the swinging lever F73, and moves the latter so that its head F74 is above the lever F736, behind the stepped front end of the latter, when the latter lever is in its lowered position. By rising, the lever F36 drives the levers F72 and F73 and the locking bar F69, freeing the wedge ,, so that the latter can follow the movements of its focusing jaws F6 and F7.

   During the next lowering of lever F36, the locking bar F69 engages again between the teeth of the corner under the action of a spring F77, while the oscillating bar F73 is withdrawn by the action of the spring. F75.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 30>

 



   The second justification wedge is released and adjusted during the next machine cycle, that is, the next revolution of the main camshafts Y and Z. Pressurized air is sent in a cylinder F81 (see Figs. 12 and 13) in such a way that a piston F82 mounted in this cylinder is caused to act on an arm of an angled lever F83 so that the latter turns around its point and acts on an F84 swing lever. Normally, the upper end of the latter lever rests freely in the notch F85 provided in the stepped front end of the control lever F36. When the lever F84 is caused to tilt, a head F86, integral with the latter lever, is placed above the front / end of the lever F36.

   The lower end of the swinging lever F84 is pivotally joined to one end of a lever F87, which is pivotally mounted on the shaft f8 and embraces the upper end of the locking bar F71. In this way, the lever F36, by rising, lifts the locking bar F71, so as to release the latter from the teeth F70 of the wedge F3, thus allowing the latter to perform the displacement determined by the action of the jaws. focus F6 and F7. During the next descent of the lever F36, the oscillating lever is returned by a spring F89, while the locking bar engages again between the teeth of the wedge F3 under the action of a spring.



   As already said above, the magnitude of the reflector advance and therefore the correct position of the characters on the sheet D1 is determined by all the characters by the focus of the main wedge F1 and the transfer corner F4. To ensure the justification of a line by widening the spaces between continuous words in this line, it is necessary that the required additional quantity be added, by adjusting the two justification corners F2 and F3, to the determined quantity by the main wedge F1 and, therefore, the transfer wedge F4 must be removed from its active position, while the transfer wedge F5 must be

 <Desc / Clms Page number 31>

 brought into action between the main corner F1 and the justification corners F and F3.



   The transfer wedges F4 and F5 move horizontally in both directions, respectively under the action of the rods F42 and F43 located one above the other and pivotally joined at the rear ends of the respective wedges (see Fig. 1). At the rear end of the rod F42 is pivotally joined an end of a control lever F44, the opposite end of which is freely mounted on a transverse shaft Y1 by means of a compression rod or a spring box F45, The rear end of the rod F43 is connected to one end of a lever F46, the opposite end of which is coupled, by means of a connecting rod F47, to the lever F44, the connecting rod F47 articulated on the lever F44 at a point located between the ends of the latter.

   A main control lever F48 is connected, by means of a connecting rod F49, to the lever F and is further coupled, by means of a connecting rod 50, with an arm of an angled lever F51, the other arm of which is actuated. by the cams F52 wedged on the main camshafts Y and Z. Thanks to this arrangement, one or the other end of the lever F46 can constitute the fulcrum and, consequently, one or the other corners F4 or F can be disabled, as required.

   Either one or the other of these wedges can be moved by the action of cams F52, each of these wedges being able to be temporarily blocked in its inactive position by a locking bar F54 with reciprocating movement. vertical, the lower end of which has an opening F56 in which are engaged the two rods F42 and F43 attached respectively to the corners F4 and F5 (see Figs. 12, 13 and 14).

   Normally, this bar is held in its closed position by means of a spring F56, a position in which the upper wall of the opening F56 engages in a notch f57 made in the rod F52 and locks the upper corner or corner. transfer of F5 spaces to its external position or

 <Desc / Clms Page number 32>

 inactive, so that the cams F52 act through the aforementioned system of connecting rods and levers in order to actuate the transfer wedge of the characters F, Thus, the wedge F4 executes a back and forth at each cycle of the machine and occupies its active position whenever the main wedge F1 is in focus and locked.

   When the machine has to create spaces for justification or between words, the locking bar F54 is raised against the antagonism of the spring F55, and the lower wall of the opening provided in this bar engages. in a notch F58 made in the lower surface of the rod F43 attached to the wedge F4, as a result of which the latter is now blocked in its inactive position, the wedge F5 being released and being able to perform the movement imposed on it by the cams F52 by means of the aforementioned system of levers, this latter corner being caused, by this system, to occupy its active position between the corner F1 and the corners F2 and F3. This change of corners takes place during one cycle of the machine.

   To ensure the action of the locking bar F54 under the intervention of a signal used in the recording tape (signal forming part of a pair of signals corresponding to a space between words), an arm of a lever F59 with two arms (see Fig. 12) mounted freely on a shaft f9 is arranged so as to embrace the bar F54 below a collar F61 integral with the latter. The former of the other arm of the lever F59 is pivotally joined to a vertical oscillating bar F62, the upper end of which carries a head or a nut F63. Normally, the upper end of bar F62 rests loosely in a notch formed in the stepped forward end of commando lever F36.



   When the wedge F5 for the transfer of spaces is to be activated, a component of the compressed air signal, corresponding to a space between words, intervenes so as to cause the upward movement of a piston in a cylinder F65 ( see Figs. 12 and 13), this piston acting on an arm of an angled lever

 <Desc / Clms Page number 33>

 F66, by forcing the other arm of this lever to rotate the bar F62 around its pivot, against the antagonism of a load spring F67.

   This movement is calculated so as to occur when the control lever F36 occupies its lowered position, so that the bar F62 tilts, and its head F63 engages on the upper surface of the lever F36, behind the stepped part thereof, and is lifted integrally with this part during the upward movement thereof, thus ensuring the actuation of the locking bar F54. During the consecutive descent of the lever F36, the bar F52 is withdrawn by its return spring F67, thus allowing the spring F55 to return the locking bar F54 to its normal position, that is to say that which corresponds to the reproduction of characters.



   The sensitized element onto which the characters are projected by the member A2 of the reflector, has, in accordance with the method of construction of the object of the invention, shown in the drawings, the form of a film D1, in the form of a sheet. , which can be usefully disposed on a reinforcing liner supported and carried by a unwinding reel D2 and a rewinding reel D3, the ends of which are mounted in bearings inside the chamber X in the dark (see Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6,7 and 8).



  The film coming from the unwinding reel D2 is led between an idle roller D30 and a pressure bar D4, then below a fixed bar D5 and, finally between a pressure roller D6 and a bent plate D7 mounted to pivot, to end in the winding reel D3.



   During the composition of a line of typographic material, the part of the film D1, now immobilized, called to receive the line composed of characters, etc., is maintained under a tension and is flattened against the bar D5 by the tightening D30.



  D4, D6 and D7 (see Figs. 3 and 6). The pressure roller D6 is mounted between two arms D8 pivotally mounted and supported by a cross shaft D43 and is normally applied against the film

 <Desc / Clms Page number 34>

 and the reinforcement lining by the springs D9 (see Figs.



  5 and 6a); likewise, the pressure bar D4 is supported at its ends by arms D10 carried by a transverse shaft D44, and is normally applied with the film and its reinforcing liner by springs D11.



   The winding reel D3 is supported at each of its ends on dowels D37 which are subjected to the action of springs and which can be withdrawn in the axial direction.



   After a composition line has been completed, the winding reel D3 performs a rotational movement under the action of a ratchet and ratchet control mechanism, so as to bring a portion of blank film in front of the bar. D5, in alignment with element A2, of the reflector.



   A ratchet wheel D12 is mounted loose on a sleeve D13 which surrounds the pin D37 at one end of the winding spool D3. The side face of this ratchet wheel has a series of radial grooves D48 (see Fig. 7), in any one of which engages a pin D47 provided in the end of the coil D3, thus transmitting to the latter the drive force of the ratchet wheel. A sleeve D45, freely mounted on the sleeve D13, is provided with a toothed sector D15 and a control pawl D14 which engages in the ratchet ae the wheel D12. The teeth of sector D15 are constantly engaged with a rack D16 forming part of a plunger D17 slidably mounted in guides integral with chamber X (see Fig. 7).



   Inside the plunger is housed a spring D18, one end of which is attached to said plunger, while its other end is anchored by means of a fixed peg d integral with said chamber.



   The plunger D17 which carries the rack is controlled by a cam D19 wedged on a shaft D42 which, during its rotation, acts on a roller D20a secured to a lever D20 mounted on

 <Desc / Clms Page number 35>

 pivoting and the free end of which is articulated to the plunger D17 by means of a pin called to move in a slot made in a connecting rod D21 pivotally connected to the plunger 17. When the cam D19 intervenes, the movement is transmitted to the sector D15 and the control pawl D14 slides on the teeth of the ratchet wheel D12, while the latter is immobilized by a retaining pawl D22 and the spring D18 is energized.

   When the lever D20 is released by the cam D19, the spring D18 recalls the plunger D17, thus imparting to the sector D15 and to the ratchet wheel D12 the actual driving movement for the coil D3. As this mechanism tends to impart a drive stroke of constant length, a sizing device is provided to compensate for the gradual variation in the diameter of the winding reel due to the accumulation of film thereon. . When the spring D18 is released, to act in the manner described above, the pressure bar D4 (see Figs. 3,6 and 6a) is raised by a cam D27 so as to release the film, this cam acting on a roller secured to one end of a lever D28 mounted to pivot and the other end of which acts to lift a lever D24 mounted on the shaft D44 which carries the pressure bar 4.

   After this pressure bar has been lifted by this mechanism, the film is advanced and wound up on the winding spool by the action of the spring D18. The roller D6, which presses the film against the surface of the curved plate D7, forces the latter to advance integrally with the film until the arm D25 of this plate meets an adjustable stop D26 (see Fig.



  6), which, by opposing too high a tension in the spring D18, limits the exact displacement of the film and ensures that the linear displacement of the latter is constant. When the advance stroke is finished, the cam D27 allows the pressure bar D4 to return to its starting position, the subsequent movement of the film being prevented by the bar D4.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 36>

 and the D30 roller. This movement being performed, another cam D38, mounted coaxially with the cam D27, acts on one end of a lever D23 so as to rotate the shaft D43 and lift the pressure roller 6.

   This last movement has the effect that the bent plate D7 returns by gravity to its initial position, in which the arm D25 integral with this plate comes to rest against a stop D29 in the zero position.



   The distance between the lines of any part of any composition can be changed by adjusting the calibration stop D26, which usefully has the shape of a rotating snail cam.



   The travel of the film D1, which determines the above distance is expected to occur when the reflector A returned to its initial position and where the shaft D42 which carries the cams D19, D38 and D27 can be driven from the mechanism that controls the reflector return. For this purpose, a bevel gear D31 is provided on the other end of shaft D42 which meshes with a similar pinion D32, integral with a shaft D33 of short length, mounted in a support provided in chamber X (see Figs. . 1 and 5) .At the outer end of the shaft D33 is attached a chain wheel D34 coupled, via a chain D35 to a chain wheel D36 mounted on the sleeve E35 which carries the cams E34 and E38 intended to control the reflector.



   When the film is completely wound up on the winder box, it can be removed by removing the sliding detent pins D37. The unwinding spool is also mounted on D37 sliding detent pegs.



   The drives for the film are shown in FIG. 1 in a somewhat conventional and schematic manner. They have been designated, wherever possible, by the same reference signs as the corresponding members of the other Figs. drawings.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 37>

 



   Instead of a sensitized film of a format corresponding to a page, mounted on unwinding and rendering reels, it is possible to temporarily place on a solid plate a film suitable for receiving a page or a composition column. or a series of lines located one below the other. In this case, it is possible to mount on the shaft of the ratchet wheel a pinion intended to mesh with a rack integral with this plate.



   By adopting this arrangement, the film retainers can be omitted and a locking device can be provided to prevent accidental displacement of the plate during the composition of a line of letterpress material.



   In this case, it is necessary to lengthen the chamber which contains the sensitized sheet, in order to allow the plate to move along the entire length of the sheet envisaged.



   When it comes to composing the typographic material on an intermediate element, in the form of a strip on which the lines are composed end to end instead of being composed by pages, as described above, the unwinding reels and tipper must be arranged perpendicular to those described above and shown in the drawings; the magnitude of the feed stroke imparted to the film at the end of a composition line will in this case be altered so that sufficient blank spaces can be provided between the end of a line and the beginning of a next line.



   It remains to describe the control recording tape and the pneumatic system by which signals carried by the recording tape are made to act on the desired stations in order to actuate or control the operation of organs or mechanisms already described.



   It should be noted in passing that the preparation of recording tape does not form part of the present invention, such tapes being able to be prepared or composed on machines, already known, for the preparation of recording tapes for melting and melting machines. compose independent characters. The

 <Desc / Clms Page number 38>

 Recording tape machines can be divided into two classes. In a class, the maximum number of constituent elements of each normal signal will be three, namely, one element for each of the two sets of stops that control the focus of the prototype plate and a third element for the stopper. calibration for the reflector.

   In machines of the other class, and in order to reduce the width of the recording tape, each complete signal formed therein may include two or more constituent elements for each of the series of stops, mentioned above and , in this case, some of the additional components of the signal can be used to actuate reversal or bypass valves provided between a perforated air bar H (see Fig. 16), on which the recording tape R moves, on the one hand, and a distributor block H1 from which flow the channels which bring the various pneumatic impulses to their points or actuation stations, these valves acting so as to divert the pneumatic impulses from their normal station to another pos- you.

   Such compound signals can make it possible to reduce the effective number of punches used to make the holes in the tape, while providing all the elements necessary for the constitution of the signals.



   In the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, there has been shown, for the sake of simplicity, a recording tape prepared according to the method first described.



   It should also be mentioned that this recording tape is unloaded in the photographic composing machine, in the reverse order of that in which it was composed, so that the focusing signals relating to the justification of a line, which are actually formed in the tape recorder after all the signals for the considered line have been produced, will inevitably be the first presented on bar H, after which, the characters and spaces which

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 constitute this line will appear successively in the reverse order of the composition, until the last character of a line is photographed, this character photographed last being in reality the first character of the line for reading.



   Fig. 16 shows a short section of recording tape R carrying the typical signals employed. Starting from the holes which comprise three groups 1, 2 and-3, 'of the air bar H, the air is brought by pipes to a distributor block H1 (see Fig. 15), hence separate series front hoses from groups 1 and 2 direct air to each stud in the C and C4 series, which control the desired focus of the C prototyping plate, while hoses from group 3 direct air to the F9 series studs that control the focus of the wedge or the main calibration stop F1 and additional calibration stops F and F3, for each row.



  In addition to the holes for checking the focus of the calibration wedges or stops F1, F2 and F3, group 3 has four other holes H2, H3, H4 and H5.



   The hole H2 is placed in communication with the source of compressed air through the perforation 1 in the recording tape R, which perforation is a constituent element of the first justification signal and which allows the air to arrive through the pipe S in the cylinder F30 in order to lift the tail F26 from the justification wedge F2, so that the focusing jaws F6 and F7, acting on the pins of the focusing system F9, will adjust the position of this wedge for a given composition line. A branch 2 starting from the pipe S ends at the cylinder F78, thus forcing the lever F80 to release the wedge F2 prior to focusing the latter.



  Another branch S4 of the pipe 8 leads to one of the cylinders E42, with a view to causing the lever E43 to initiate, under certain conditions, the action of the mechanism serving to return the reflector A to its position.

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   initial position, as well as the advancement of the photosensitive element D1, while a third branch S8 of the pipe S leads one towards the cylinders E47 to cause the lever E48 to deactivate the corner E5 of the locking device. jamming E. A fourth branch S6 of the pipe S leads to one of the cylinders B17 to cause the stop B18 to act on the lever B11 in order to prevent the shutter from functioning (see Fig. 15).

   Likewise, when the hole H3 is placed in communication with the source of compressed air through the perforation s1, which is a constituent element of the second justification signal which appears in the recording tape, it makes possible an arrival of air through the pipe S1 to cylinder F33, with a view to raising the tail F28 from the justification wedge F3, so that this last can be tuned for a particular line of composition by the jaw levers which cooperate with a raised stud of the series F9. The S3 branches. S5, S7 and S9 lead from the pipe S1 to the cylinders F81, E42, B17 and E4 respectively, with a view to performing the operations already described in connection with these cylinders.



   An additional pipe S10 leads from pipe S1 to cylinder E50, to cause lever E51 to act on clamping block E21. Hole H4 of group 3 is controlled by a perforation s8 which is a component of the signal for a space between words or justification and which controls the admission of air to a pipe S11 leading to the cylinder F65 which, as described above, involves, in the advancing movement of the reflector, the measurements determined by the wedges F2 and F3.



   Hole H5 of group 3 is controlled by a perforation S10 made in the recording tape and leads to a pipe S40 intended to direct the air towards cylinder J which controls the sliding of a transmission belt or the operation of a clutch for the main drive shaft of the machine.

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   Before starting the machine, the first signal which appears in the recording tape must be placed in coincidence with the holes in the air bar H. In the example shown in the drawings, the first four signals are s1 constitute the two justification signals formed jointly for a particular line, while the fifth signal S1 represents the second justification signal formed separately for the same line.



   During operation, each of these four signals s. s1 will be accompanied by a perforation belonging to group 3, in order to determine the position at which the corners F2 and F3 will end. The two signals presented together in the manner shown in the drawings will have the effect of actuating the two corners F2 and F3 so that they both end at the same position. In addition, the keyboard operator will choose a signal indicating the correct position at corner F. The fifth signal s1 alone will have the effect of bringing the second corner F3 to the correct position, a position which, for the line considered, will be indicated by a any perforation (not shown), part of group 3.

   In addition to setting the justification corners, these five signals will act to disable the various devices, as described above.



   Another function of the first combined signal s1 consists in setting the mechanism in motion to return the reflector to its initial position and to cause the photosensitive element D1 to advance. The pistons mounted in the E42 cylinders act on an arm of the E43 rocking lever. This last lever will be actuated each time the combined signal s s1 is present in the recording tape.

   However, and given that, at the time when this signal was presented for the first time, the pawl E45 was driven by the cam, this first appearance, as well as the subsequent appearances of the signals s s1 exerts no force on the callback mechanism, since 'only the last

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 signal s1 of this group is emitted before the pawl E45 is again in the position in which it is subjected to the action of the latch E44.



   After the justification wedges have been set for any given composition line, the signal that now occurs first is a character signal, which has three perforations s2 s3 s, each of which acts on one of the series of C3, C4 and F9 calibration studs. The first word W has four characters and is followed by a space between words W1, which is represented by four perforations, namely, s5 s6 s7, one of which each has the C3 C4 and F9 calibration systems and the additional perforation s8 to act on the cylinder F65 of the transfer wedge mechanism. Next comes another four-character W word, followed by a W1-word space, then a three-character W word, a W1-word space, and finally a three-character W word.



   The five signals s s1 mentioned above will precede a line failure in a piece of composition if, as discussed above, the return of reflector A to its initial position requires five cycles of the machine, including two cycles during which the corners F2 and F3 must be in focus for a given line. If one found it advisable to ensure the return of the reflector to its initial position for a period corresponding to two cycles for example, it would suffice that only the two justification signals s s1 be presented successively, the system of gears interposed between the camshaft and the E36 shaft before, in this case, be modified accordingly.



   Assuming that the line under consideration is the circle in a piece of composition, this would result in the signals s9 s10 represented at the base of the recording tape sample being brought into play. A constituent element s9 of each of these signals is a justification signal which controls, at each of its interventions, the immobilization devices

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 described above, while the other component, s10, is a stop signal which controls the admission of air to cylinder 0 whose piston controls the operation of a pawl J1.



  The latter acts on a collar of a rod J2 subjected to the action of a spring. Once released, this rod operates, under the influence of its spring, to change the belt from a fixed pulley to an idler pulley, or intervenes so as to unhitch a clutch provided on the control shaft of the machine.



   CLAIMS.



   1 - In a typographic composing machine by photomechanical means provided with a fixed projection objective and a prototype plate, or the like, comprising translucent images which can move in the desired order relative to the objective , the provision of a fixed support for a photosensitive element situated in a fixed focal plane and of a reflector with linear displacement, this reflector coming between the lens and the focal plane and projecting images as a result of successive intermittent displacements which depend on the width of the character or other sign, and determines the position of these characters or signs along a line situated in said focal plane.



   2 - In a typographic typographic machine for composing by photomechanical means, the provision, between a fixed objective and a fixed support for a photosensitive element, in a fixed focal plane, of a reflector comprising two perpendicular reflection surfaces one to the other and oriented at 45 with respect to. the optical axis of the objective, this reflector being able to be displaced as a whole parallel to the focal plane of said objective and to the plane of said support following intermittent movements determined by the width of the characters or signs projected.

** ATTENTION ** end of DESC field can contain start of CLMS **.


    

Claims (1)

3 - In a typographic typographic machine to compose by photomechanical means, comprising a fixed objective and a fixed support <Desc / Clms Page number 44> for a photosensitive element, the combination, with a reflector, disposed between the objective and the fixed support and comprising two reflection surfaces perpendicular to each other and oriented at 45 with respect to the optical axis of the The objective, a mechanism for moving said reflector intermittently parallel to the focal plane of the objective and to the plane of said support, and a variable calibrated stop to determine the amplitude of each stroke of the reflector. 4 - In a typographic machine for composing by photomechanical means, comprising a fixed objective and a fixed support for a photosensitive element, the combination, with a reflector which can be moved as a whole parallel to the plane of said support and to the focal plane of the objective and comprising two reflecting surfaces perpendicular to each other and oriented at 45 to the focal plane of the objective, and with a mechanism for intermittently advancing the reflector, by a calibrated stop variable to reflector and calibration stops controlled from a recording tape and intended to control, in the desired order, the focusing of the variable calibrated stop for each of the successive feed strokes of the reflector. 5 - In a letterpress to be composed by photomechanical means, comprising a fixed support for a sensitized or photosensitive element, a fixed objective and a reflector mounted with linear displacement, as described above, the combination, with the reflector and with a control mechanism actuated intermittently, for this reflector, of a variable calibrated stop in order to determine the amplitude of the displacement of the reflector respectively for each character, sign or the like and for the spaces of justification or between words in each line of composition . 6 - In a typographic composing machine by photomechanical means, according to claim 1, the combination with <Desc / Clms Page number 45> the reflector with a control device to advance the reflector intermittently, a system of variable calibrated stop for the reflector, comprising main and additional stops and stops controlled from a recording tape and provided for the focusing of the main stopper for each character or the like to be composed and for setting the additional stopper for spaces between words in each composition line. 7 - In a typographic composing machine by photomechanical means, according to claim 6, the combination, with the reflector and the variable calibrated stop for the latter, of a translation mechanism comprising a pair of levers starting from the jaws and actuated mechanically so as to re-demonstrate any part of the calibration stopper system controlled from the tape recorder and to fine-tune the parts of the calibrated stopper system as required for each character or the like and for the justification for each line of composition. 8 - In a typographic typographic machine to compose by photomechanical means, comprising a plate with prototypes moving in the desired order, a fixed objective and a fixed support for a sensitized element, the combination - with a reflector with linear displacement, such as as described above, and with a mechanism intended to move this reflector intermittently and parallel to said support, and to the focal plane of the objective, - variable calibrated stops intended for the reflector, including a normal or main one and the other exceptional or additional, of a control mechanism for moving the main or normal calibration stop for each character or the like, of a graduated series of stops controlled by the recording tape and, intended for said control mechanism, and a mechanism controlled by the tape recorder and intended for the development of the exceptional or additional stop, for spaces up to <Desc / Clms Page number 46> tification or between words, for each line of composition. 9 - In a typographic composing machine by photomechanical means, according to claim 6, the combination, - with the variable calibrated stop for the reflector, of a mechanism controlled by the recording tape and intended to transfer the control of the advancement of the reflector from the main calibrated stop to the additional calibrated stop, by joint action with the stops controlled from the recording tape. 10 - In a typographic composing machine by photomechanical means, according to claim 1, the combination - with an advancement device actuated intermittently and a locking device also actuated intermittently, for the reflector, and with a mechanism for returning the reflector in its initial position, - a mechanism controlled by the recording tape and intended to disable the advancement and blocking devices and to allow the intervention of the mechanism intended to return the reflector to its initial position. 11 - In a typographic composing machine by photomechanical means, according to claim 1, the combination - with a control mechanism for advancing the reflector intermittently and a mechanism for returning the reflector to its initial position, - mechanisms controlled by the recording tape and intended to deactivate the advance mechanism and to allow the intervention of the reflector return mechanism, and to activate the mechanism intended to advance the support of the sensitized element, with a view to a new line of composition. 12 - In a typographic composing machine by photomechanical means, comprising a fixed projection objective and a fixed support for a sensitized element, the combination - with a reflector mounted with intermittent linear movement and having reflection surfaces perpendicular to each other <Desc / Clms Page number 47> to the other and oriented at 45 with respect to the optical axis of the lens - of a prototype plate bearing, in translucent, characters, signs or other elements for the typographic composition, and of a mechanism controlled by the tape recorder to determine the movements of the prototype plate in the desired order in order to bring any sign of this plate in the optical axis of the objective. 13 - In a typographic composing machine by photomechanical means, according to claim 10, the combination, - with the prototype plate called to be developed in the desired order, - of two graduated series of stops, each of which is checked by signals carried by the tape recorder; a translation or transport mechanism connected to the prototype plate and controlled by individual stops of each of said series in order to move the prototype plate in two directions located in the same plane and to bring a character (or similar element) desired, forming part of the prototype plate, in alignment with the objective; a graduated and distinct series of stops controlled by the recording tape; and, a translation mechanism controlled by the individual stops of a series of stops in order to focus the members of the variable calibrated stop for the reflector. 14 - In a typographic composing machine by photomechanical means, according to claim 1, the combination, with the reflector, of a mechanism by which the latter can be adjusted relative to the objective and to the focal plane, in order to modify the dimensions of the projected image. 15 - In a typographic composing machine by photomechanical means, according to claim 12, the combination, with a prototype plate, of a locking mechanism and of a mechanism intended to bring a part of the objective tube into contact with the prototype plate. <Desc / Clms Page number 48> 16 - In a typographic composing machine by photomechanical means, as described above with reference to the accompanying drawings.