BE446265A - - Google Patents

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Publication number
BE446265A
BE446265A BE446265DA BE446265A BE 446265 A BE446265 A BE 446265A BE 446265D A BE446265D A BE 446265DA BE 446265 A BE446265 A BE 446265A
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BE
Belgium
Prior art keywords
leather
fibrous
polyamide
emi
artificial leather
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Application number
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French (fr)
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Publication of BE446265A publication Critical patent/BE446265A/fr

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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/009Condensation or reaction polymers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D46/00Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/02Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J7/00Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
    • C08J7/12Chemical modification
    • C08J7/126Halogenation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L77/00Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/4334Polyamides
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/64Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
    • D04H1/645Impregnation followed by a solidification process
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/16Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/58Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides
    • D06M11/64Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides with nitrogen oxides; with oxyacids of nitrogen or their salts
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06NWALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/12Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
    • D06N3/125Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyamides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2377/00Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Description

  

  ' PROCEDE POUR FABRIQUER DU CUIR ARTIFICIEL

  
La. présente invention a pour objet un procédé pour fabriquer

  
des matières artificielles analogues au cuir et qui se distinguent

  
des: produits antérieurs similaires par de meilleures qualités de

  
souplesse, de solidité et de résistance à l'usure et surtout par

  
une micro-porosité qui fait défaut, on le sait, aux espaces connues

  
do cuir artificiel.

  
Le procédé repose sur la découverte de propriétés nouvelles de

  
composés amidiques à poids moléculaire élevé linéairement polymé-

  
 <EMI ID=1.1> 

  
étirer en fils\et d'ailleurs façonner d'autre manière par traitement thermique.

  
 <EMI ID=2.1> 

  
matières artificielles analogues au cuir et rappelant beaucoup le

  
cuir naturel en les convertissant en une massa fibreuse, spongieuse ou feutrée et en traitant cette masse par application de chaleur ou de pression ou des deux.

  
La production 'le la masse fibreuse feutrée ou spongieuse

  
 <EMI ID=3.1> 

  
humide pu sec sur un tamis ou analogues et transformer la composition en matières en formes de 'plaque par application de pression ou de chaleur ou des deux à la fois.

  
Suivant une autre forme du procédé on peut employer les filaments de polyamide directement sans les tronçonner au préalable. On opère alors de la manière suivante: On refoule le polymère fondu par plusieurs filières dans un moule chauffé, cependant que les filaments encore collants s'entrecroisent et 3 'enchevêtrant jusqu'au moment où le moule est rempli d'une masse fibreuse et spongieuse. On comprime ensuite la masse soit encore chaude soit refroidie dans le moule. En agissant sur la température et la pression d'agglomération on peut modifier dans de larges limites les propriétés du produit. 

  
Toutefois, on peut également produire la masse fibreuse par exemple en versant la polyamide fondue sur un corps tournant rapidement, auquel cas la masse fondue se transforme, par l'effet

  
 <EMI ID=4.1> 

  
immédiatement. La vitesse de rotation, la température de la masse fondue et celle des gaz environnants ont une influence déterminante sur la finesse des filaments et le caractère du produit fibreux. On poursuit le traitement ainsi qu'il a été décrit dans ce qui précède.

  
Une façon particulièrement avantageuse de produire la masse fibreuse et spongieuse est toutefois d'opérer par la voie humide. On a trouvé qu'au moyen d'agents appropriés on peut précipiter les polyamides à partir de leurs solutions dans des

  
 <EMI ID=5.1>  transformer par application de 'pression ou de chaleur ou des deux en matières solides souples, microporeuses et perméables analogues au cuir naturel.:,Suivant l'invention, comme agents de précipitation

  
 <EMI ID=6.1> 

  
principalement les alcalis, par exemple des liqueurs alcalines plus ou moi&#65533;s diluées et 'des solutions concentrées d'ammoniaque. On peut par exemple couler directement en fines veines la solution de polyamide dans le bain de précipitation tout en agitant fortement le bain. On obtient un précipité très conveable à longues fibres en introduisant la{solution de polyamide par une ou plusieurs filières avec ou sans pression dans le liquide alcalin. On peut réaliser l'agitation nécessaire du bain de précipitation ;en mettant en mouvement soit les filières soit le bain lui-même.

  
On peut modifier dans une large mesure le caractère et la struc-

  
 <EMI ID=7.1> 

  
la concentration de la solution de polyamide, au moyen de divers adjuvants, en agissant sur la grandeur de la pression, sur la forme des filières, en agitant le bain ainsi qu'en agissant sur sa concentration et sa température. 

  
Un aspect essentiel du procédé suivant l'invention réside dans

  
 <EMI ID=8.1> 

  
ainsi par exemple que lorsqu'on espère en continu en employant le crésol comme solvant et l'ammoniaque comme bain de précipitation, on s'arrange pour introduire sans discontinuer une solution neuve

  
 <EMI ID=9.1> 

  
mide et séparer par filtrage le liquide recueilli. Par distillation du filtrat on récupère tout d'abord l'ammoniaque. Le résidu de distillation abandonne par repos la couche de crésol. On recueille celle-ci et on la réutilise comme solvant,

  
' Un avantage de ,la précipitation des polyamides à partir de leurs: solutions réside également en ce que, par ce procédé on obtient une épuration complète du polymère. Le monomère que renferme toujours le polymère demeure dans la liqueur mère et peut être isolé  des liqueurs usées par distillation ou de toute autre manière et être réutilisé pour la polymérisation. Cette épuration améliore sensiblement la qualité du polymère.

  
Ce procédé permet de produire un cuir artificiel qui rappelle tout particulièrement le cuir naturel par sa structure finement fibreuse. Tous les modes opératoires esquissés ci-dessus peuvent

  
 <EMI ID=10.1> 

  
On a constaté que certains amollissants ' influencent favorablement les propriétés du cuir artificiel suivant l'invention.

  
Comme tels conviennent en particulier les oxydérivés aromati-

  
 <EMI ID=11.1> 

  
fabrication, par exemple avant même de fondre le polymère ou encore à la masse fibreuse terminée, et cela en solution dans des solvants volatils. En même temps ou à part, on peut ajouter diverses autres substances comme par exemple des colorants, des huiles, des cires, des agents de conservation, etc.

  
Les amollissants abaissent suffisamment le point d'écoulement du polymère pour qu'on puisse abaisser la température à

  
 <EMI ID=12.1> 

  
sous pression on peut obtenir une agglomération des divers fila-

  
 <EMI ID=13.1> 

  
et la perméabilité subsistent plus ou moins.

  
pour maints usages il y a intérêt à soumettre la matière à une sorte de tannage. On peut par exemple précipiter sur les filaments fondamentaux des sels métalliques propres au tannage ou des substances tannantes organiques. Les propriétés chimiques de la matière sont sous maints rapports analogues à celles du

  
 <EMI ID=14.1> 

  
substances tannantes permettent d'améliorer ses qualités technologiques et de les assimiler à celles du cuir naturel.

  
 <EMI ID=15.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=16.1> 

  
ges. On peut également donner au produit une surface glacée par lissage au moyen de corps chauffés. 

  
 <EMI ID=17.1> 

  
invention au moyen de diverses chargea. Comme telles on peut utiliser toutes les substances habituelles, comme des carbonates ou des oxydes insolubles, de la poudre de liège, du noir de fumée, des silicates, etc... 

  
.Par application de pression à froid ou à.chaud on peut conférer à ce cuir artificiel un grain diversement dessiné.

  
On peut remplacer une partie des filaments de polyamide par d'autres matières fibreuses, par exemple des fibres textiles, de la cellulose, des déchets de cuir dilacérés ou de la poudre de cuir, etc. 'Il y a avantage à imprégner tout d'abord ces matières fibreuses complémentaires au moyen de solution de polyamide, ce qui assure une bonne liaison des divers constituants, Ces matières fibreuses imprégnées de polyamide peuvent même remplacer complètement les filaments de polyamide. Lorsqu'on opère par la voie humide on peut ajouter ses;adjuvants, comme aussi les charges, directement au bain de précipitation, si bien que lors de la précipitation de la polyamide on obtient un mélangé particulièrement intime.

  
On peut assembler, solidement les pièces de cuir artificiel suivant l'invention avec d'autres matières quelconques telles que du cuir naturel ou artificiel ou des textiles par application de pression à température élevée. La surface d'assemblage sera avantageusement badigeonnée au préalable d'un amollissant ou d'une composition thermoplastique appropriée. 

  
Le domaine d'utilisation .de la matière artificielle analogue au cuir ainsi obtenue est aussi vaste que celui du cuir naturel.Elle intéresse avant tout les industries du vêtement et de la chaussure. En ce qui concerne là fabrication des chaussures, le produit

  
 <EMI ID=18.1> 

  
et à semelles que pour.tous les genres de maroquinerie. On peut également en faire des article's complets, par exemple des pièces

  
 <EMI ID=19.1> 

  
rant par moulage sous pression à la manière dont on fabrique maintenant des ,chaussures de caoutchouc moulées sous pression,  <EMI ID=20.1> 

  
du cuir et qu'elle est d'ailleurs très analogue au cuir naturel. exemple 1 - Sous la surface d'une solution saturée d'ammoniaque on a filé sous une pression de 2 atm. à travers des filières de 0,5

  
 <EMI ID=21.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=22.1> 

  
un précipité fibreux et, spongieux qu'on a recueilli dans le bain

  
 <EMI ID=23.1> 

  
complémentaire suivant les indications données dans la description précédente..Le produit est une matière solide, fibreuse et poreuse analogue au cuir.

  
exemple 2 - On a tronçonné de fins filaments de polyamide filés  comme à l'ordinaire et étirés à froid, on les a introduit dans de l'eau en présence d'une petite quantité d'un agent mouillant et on les a versés en opération continue sur le tamis d'une machine

  
 <EMI ID=24.1> 

  
charge et d'amollissants, chauffé , aggloméré sous pression, tanné, coloré, imprégné et finalement conditionné extérieurement

  
 <EMI ID=25.1> 

  
Exemple 3 - De la polyamide fondue a été filée sous pression, par de multiples et étroites filières dans un moule mobile chauffé.

  
 <EMI ID=26.1> 

  
massai spongieuse et fibreuse qu'on agglomère sous pression dans le meule soit immédiatement soit après refroidissement. Le produit obtenu présente des pores . sensiblement plus gros que le cuir artificiel suivant l'exemple 1.

  
 <EMI ID=27.1> 

  
tour par minute), ladite cuvette étant placée dans un tambour rempli d'air chaud ou d'un autre gaz approprié. Sur la paroi intérieure du tambour se forme une masse fibreuse et poreuse qu'après avoir recueillie on agglomère sous pression, avanta.: 

  
geusement alors qu'elle est encore chaude, pour obtenir un produit rappelant le cuir. : 

  
Les exemples ci-dessus sont simplement destinés à faire ressortir

  
les diverses possibilités de mise, en oeuvre du procédé suivant l'invention, leurs détails pouvant être modifiés à volonté dans le

  
cadre de cette dernière, L'invention n'est donc nullement limitée

  
à ces exemples.



  '' PROCESS FOR MAKING ARTIFICIAL LEATHER

  
The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing

  
artificial materials similar to leather and which are distinguished

  
of: previous similar products with better qualities of

  
flexibility, solidity and resistance to wear and especially by

  
a micro-porosity which is lacking, as we know, in known spaces

  
do artificial leather.

  
The process is based on the discovery of new properties of

  
linearly polymeric high molecular weight amide compounds

  
 <EMI ID = 1.1>

  
stretching into yarns and otherwise shaping by heat treatment.

  
 <EMI ID = 2.1>

  
artificial materials similar to leather and very much reminiscent of

  
natural leather by converting them to a fibrous, spongy or felted massa and treating that mass by application of heat or pressure or both.

  
The production of the felted or spongy fibrous mass

  
 <EMI ID = 3.1>

  
wet or dry on a sieve or the like and transform the composition into plateform materials by application of pressure or heat or both.

  
According to another form of the process, the polyamide filaments can be used directly without cutting them off beforehand. The procedure is then as follows: The molten polymer is driven back through several dies into a heated mold, while the still sticky filaments crisscross and 3 'entangling until the mold is filled with a fibrous and spongy mass . The mass is then compressed either still hot or cooled in the mold. By acting on the agglomeration temperature and pressure, the properties of the product can be modified within wide limits.

  
However, it is also possible to produce the fibrous mass, for example by pouring the molten polyamide onto a rapidly rotating body, in which case the molten mass is transformed, by the effect

  
 <EMI ID = 4.1>

  
at once. The speed of rotation, the temperature of the melt and that of the surrounding gases have a determining influence on the fineness of the filaments and the character of the fibrous product. Processing is continued as described in the foregoing.

  
A particularly advantageous way of producing the fibrous and spongy mass, however, is to operate wet. It has been found that by means of suitable agents the polyamides can be precipitated from their solutions in

  
 <EMI ID = 5.1> converting by application of pressure or heat or both into flexible, microporous and permeable solids similar to natural leather.:, According to the invention, as precipitating agents

  
 <EMI ID = 6.1>

  
mainly alkalis, for example more alkaline liquors or me's dilute and 'concentrated solutions of ammonia. For example, the polyamide solution can be poured directly in fine veins into the precipitation bath while vigorously stirring the bath. A very suitable long-fiber precipitate is obtained by introducing the polyamide solution through one or more dies with or without pressure into the alkaline liquid. The necessary agitation of the precipitation bath can be achieved by setting in motion either the dies or the bath itself.

  
The character and structure can be changed to a great extent.

  
 <EMI ID = 7.1>

  
the concentration of the polyamide solution, by means of various adjuvants, by acting on the magnitude of the pressure, on the shape of the dies, by agitating the bath as well as by acting on its concentration and its temperature.

  
An essential aspect of the process according to the invention lies in

  
 <EMI ID = 8.1>

  
so for example that when one hopes continuously by using cresol as solvent and ammonia as precipitation bath, one manages to introduce without interruption a new solution

  
 <EMI ID = 9.1>

  
mide and filter off the collected liquid. By distillation of the filtrate, the ammonia is first recovered. The distillation residue leaves the cresol layer on standing. This is collected and reused as a solvent,

  
An advantage of the precipitation of polyamides from their solutions is also that, by this process, a complete purification of the polymer is obtained. The monomer which the polymer still contains remains in the mother liquor and can be isolated from the waste liquors by distillation or in any other way and be reused for polymerization. This purification significantly improves the quality of the polymer.

  
This process makes it possible to produce an artificial leather which is particularly reminiscent of natural leather by its finely fibrous structure. All the procedures outlined above can be

  
 <EMI ID = 10.1>

  
It has been found that certain softeners favorably influence the properties of the artificial leather according to the invention.

  
As such, the aromatic oxidizers are particularly suitable.

  
 <EMI ID = 11.1>

  
manufacture, for example even before melting the polymer or even to the finished fibrous mass, and this in solution in volatile solvents. At the same time or separately, various other substances can be added such as, for example, dyes, oils, waxes, preservatives, etc.

  
Softeners lower the pour point of the polymer sufficiently that the temperature can be lowered to

  
 <EMI ID = 12.1>

  
under pressure it is possible to obtain an agglomeration of the various fila-

  
 <EMI ID = 13.1>

  
and the permeability remain more or less.

  
for many uses there is interest in subjecting the material to a kind of tanning. For example, metal salts suitable for tanning or organic tanning substances can be precipitated on the fundamental filaments. The chemical properties of matter are in many ways similar to those of

  
 <EMI ID = 14.1>

  
tanning substances improve its technological qualities and assimilate them to those of natural leather.

  
 <EMI ID = 15.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 16.1>

  
ages. The product can also be given a glossy surface by smoothing using heated bodies.

  
 <EMI ID = 17.1>

  
invention by means of various charges. As such, all the usual substances can be used, such as carbonates or insoluble oxides, cork powder, carbon black, silicates, etc.

  
By applying cold or hot pressure, this artificial leather can be given a grain of various shapes.

  
Part of the polyamide filaments can be replaced by other fibrous materials, for example textile fibers, cellulose, shredded leather waste or leather powder, etc. It is advantageous to first impregnate these complementary fibrous materials with a polyamide solution, which ensures good bonding of the various constituents. These polyamide-impregnated fiber materials can even completely replace the polyamide filaments. When operating by the wet method, its adjuvants, as also the fillers, can be added directly to the precipitation bath, so that during the precipitation of the polyamide a particularly intimate mixture is obtained.

  
The pieces of artificial leather according to the invention can be firmly assembled with any other materials such as natural or artificial leather or textiles by the application of pressure at elevated temperature. The assembly surface will advantageously be coated beforehand with a softener or a suitable thermoplastic composition.

  
The field of use of the artificial leather-like material thus obtained is as wide as that of natural leather and is primarily of interest to the clothing and footwear industries. With regard to the manufacture of shoes, the product

  
 <EMI ID = 18.1>

  
and soles than for all kinds of leather goods. We can also make complete article's, for example parts

  
 <EMI ID = 19.1>

  
die-casting rant in the manner in which die-cast rubber shoes are now made, <EMI ID = 20.1>

  
leather and is also very similar to natural leather. Example 1 - Under the surface of a saturated ammonia solution, spun under a pressure of 2 atm. through 0.5

  
 <EMI ID = 21.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 22.1>

  
a fibrous and spongy precipitate that we collected in the bath

  
 <EMI ID = 23.1>

  
complementary according to the indications given in the preceding description. The product is a solid, fibrous and porous material similar to leather.

  
Example 2 - Fine polyamide filaments spun as usual and cold drawn were cut up, introduced into water in the presence of a small amount of a wetting agent and poured in operation continues on the sieve of a machine

  
 <EMI ID = 24.1>

  
filler and softeners, heated, sintered under pressure, tanned, colored, impregnated and finally packaged externally

  
 <EMI ID = 25.1>

  
Example 3 - Molten polyamide was spun under pressure, through multiple and narrow dies in a heated movable mold.

  
 <EMI ID = 26.1>

  
spongy and fibrous massai which is agglomerated under pressure in the grinding wheel either immediately or after cooling. The product obtained has pores. significantly larger than the artificial leather according to Example 1.

  
 <EMI ID = 27.1>

  
revolution per minute), said cuvette being placed in a drum filled with hot air or another suitable gas. On the inner wall of the drum, a fibrous and porous mass forms which, after having collected, agglomerates under pressure, before:

  
carefully while it is still hot, to obtain a product reminiscent of leather. :

  
The examples above are just meant to highlight

  
the various possibilities for implementing the method according to the invention, their details being able to be modified at will in the

  
framework of the latter, the invention is therefore in no way limited

  
to these examples.

 

Claims (1)

RESUME ABSTRACT 1) Procédé pour fabriquer du cuir artificiel, consistant à 1) Process for making artificial leather, consisting of transformer des amidodérivés à poids moléculaire élevé, linéairement polymérisée. ou condensés et fondant sans se décomposer, dits <EMI ID=28.1> transforming high molecular weight, linearly polymerized starch derivatives. or condensed and melting without decomposing, called <EMI ID = 28.1> cuir. leather. 2) On refoule; la polyamide fondue à travers de multiples filières dans un moule chauffé, le cas échéant mobile, dans lequel on 2) We push back; polyamide melted through multiple dies in a heated mold, possibly mobile, in which one agglomère ensuite sous pression la masse fibreuse encore chaude ou refroidie. then agglomerates the still hot or cooled fibrous mass under pressure. 3) On tronçonne les filaments ou fibres.de polyamide, on les 3) The filaments or polyamide fibers are cut, they are feutre de la manière habituelle à l'état sec ou mouillé et on les felt in the usual way in a dry or wet state and façonne enfin par application de 'chaleur ou de pression ou des deux. finally shapes by application of heat or pressure or both. 4) On.produit la masse fibreuse spongieuse en introduisant la 4) The spongy fibrous mass is produced by introducing the polyamide dissoute dans un oxydérivé aromatique dans une solution diluée.d'alcalis ou dans une solution concentrée d'ammoniaque et en recueillant le précipité sur un:tamis ou analogue. polyamide dissolved in an aromatic oxidizer in a dilute alkali solution or in a concentrated ammonia solution and collecting the precipitate on a sieve or the like. 5) On verse la polyamide fondue sur un corps tournant rapidement', auquel' cas elle se' transforme sous l'action de la. force centrifuge 5) The molten polyamide is poured onto a rapidly rotating body ', in which case it is transformed under the action of. centrifugal force en fins filaments 'qui se solidifient instantanément et qu'on agglomère ensuite sous pression à température ordinaire ou élevée. into fine filaments which solidify instantly and which are then agglomerated under pressure at ordinary or elevated temperature. 6) Le corps tournant est plaq'é dans une enceinte remplie d'air 6) The rotating body is placed in a chamber filled with air chaud ou d'un autre gaz chaud. hot or other hot gas. 7) Les filaments de polyamide sont partiellement ou complètement remplacés par d'autres substances fibreuses comme par exemple des fibres textiles, du bois défilé, des déchets de cuir dilacérés ou de la poudre de cuir, ces substances étant de préférence imprégnée do solutions de polyamide. 7) The polyamide filaments are partially or completely replaced by other fibrous substances such as for example textile fibers, parched wood, shredded leather waste or leather powder, these substances preferably being impregnated with polyamide solutions . <EMI ID=29.1> <EMI ID = 29.1> amollissant. softening. 9) Comme amollissant on.emploie un oxydérivé aromatique supérieur renfermant au seins deux noyaux aliphatiques condensés, com- <EMI ID=30.1> 9) As a softener, a superior aromatic oxidative product is used which contains two condensed aliphatic nuclei in the breasts, com- <EMI ID = 30.1> sion de la masse en solution dans un solvant volatil. Sion of the mass in solution in a volatile solvent. Il) Au cours de la fabrication du cuir artificiel on traite ce dernier au moyen de substances tannantes ou de charges ou des deux II) During the manufacture of artificial leather, it is treated with tanning substances or fillers or both 12) Les. charges fibreuses ou non ainsi que les substances tannantes et l'amollissant sont ajoutés directement au bain de précipitation alcalin. 12) The. fibrous or non-fibrous fillers as well as the tanning substances and the softener are added directly to the alkaline precipitation bath. 13) Par traitement superficiel du cuir artificiel au moyen de lissoir chauffés on lui confère une surface unie. 13) By superficial treatment of artificial leather using heated smoothers, it gives it a smooth surface. 14) Par impression à froid ou à chaud on confère au cuir artificiel un grain ornemental. 14) By cold or hot printing, the artificial leather is given an ornamental grain. 15) On relie le cuir artificiel par compression à chaud avec une autre substance quelconque. 15) The artificial leather is hot-pressed together with any other substance. 16) On badigeonne au moyen d'un amollissant approprié ou d'une composition thermoplastique la surface du cuir artificiel qu'il s'agit d'assembler. 16) The surface of the artificial leather that is to be assembled is brushed with a suitable softener or a thermoplastic composition. 17) L'utilisation du cuir obtenu par le procédé ci-dessus défini pour la production par moulage d'une masse fibreuse et spongieuse de superpolyamide dans des moules chauffés, d'articles finis normalement faits de pièces de cuir cousues ensemble. 17) The use of leather obtained by the process defined above for the production by molding of a fibrous and spongy mass of superpolyamide in heated molds, finished articles normally made from pieces of leather sewn together.
BE446265D 1941-07-10 1942-06-30 BE446265A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE231070X 1941-07-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
BE446265A true BE446265A (en) 1942-07-31

Family

ID=5873745

Family Applications (5)

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BE455654D BE455654A (en) 1941-07-10
BE450489D BE450489A (en) 1941-07-10
BE452234D BE452234A (en) 1941-07-10
BE446265D BE446265A (en) 1941-07-10 1942-06-30
BE452210D BE452210A (en) 1941-07-10 1943-09-07

Family Applications Before (3)

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BE455654D BE455654A (en) 1941-07-10
BE450489D BE450489A (en) 1941-07-10
BE452234D BE452234A (en) 1941-07-10

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Country Status (3)

Country Link
BE (5) BE446265A (en)
CH (2) CH231070A (en)
FR (6) FR875600A (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1229492B (en) * 1955-08-12 1966-12-01 Du Pont Process for the production of breathable artificial leather
GB782952A (en) * 1955-08-12 1957-09-18 Du Pont Improvements in leather substitutes
NL292154A (en) * 1963-04-29
DE1294342C2 (en) * 1964-09-10 1974-08-08 PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF LIGHT, THERMOPLASTIC IMPREGNATED OR COATED FLAT HYGIENE ARTICLES
IT1095574B (en) * 1978-04-12 1985-08-10 Snam Progetti PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS OF A POLYAMIDE NATURE AND MANUFACTURES SO OBTAINED

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR52874E (en) 1945-08-13
BE450489A (en)
FR875600A (en) 1942-09-28
FR53685E (en) 1946-07-11
FR53672E (en) 1946-07-11
CH231070A (en) 1944-02-29
BE452234A (en)
FR53686E (en) 1946-07-11
FR53713E (en) 1946-07-29
CH246887A (en) 1947-01-31
BE455654A (en)
BE452210A (en) 1943-10-30

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