BE1023201B1 - BUILDING ELEMENT, WALL, AND BUILDING - Google Patents

Abstract

A building element (100) comprising: a first pair of parallel plates (P1, P2) at a first distance (d1) from each other; a second pair of parallel plates (P3, P4) spaced a second distance (d2) from each other; wherein the plates of the first pair are perpendicular to the plates of the second pair, and wherein the plates are interconnected by means of connecting means and are mutually positioned such that two plates (P3, P4) of the second pair protrude beyond the plates of the first pair, and form a first hollow space (R1), and a second and third semi-open space (R2, R3).

Description

BUILDING ELEMENT, WALL, AND BUILDING Technical field of the invention

The present invention relates to the field of building elements. More specifically, this invention relates to a building element with a sleeve and projecting parts. The present invention also relates to a wall and a building that contains at least one such building element.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There are many types of building panels or building elements that can be used to form walls or floor slabs or roofs of buildings. Such building elements may or may not be filled with a material for thermal and / or acoustic insulation. US2007193169A1 describes hollow building elements, provided to be mounted against each other, to then be filled with concrete. However, concrete is heavy, and it is not always desirable to use concrete for every building.

There is always room for alternatives and improvements.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a building element that can be used to form walls of buildings, such as, for example, houses, apartments, industrial buildings.

It is an object of embodiments of the present invention to provide prefabricated building elements that do not have to be filled with concrete or with another filling material at the site.

It is an object of embodiments of the present invention to provide prefabricated building elements that can be connected to each other in a simple and rapid manner to form a wall.

It is an object of embodiments of the present invention to provide prefabricated building elements that are simple and highly recyclable.

It is an object of embodiments of the present invention to provide prefabricated panels with a relatively high structural strength (e.g. compressive strength and / or flexural strength).

It is an object of embodiments of the present invention to provide building elements for attaching an outer wall (e.g. facade with bricks) and / or an inner wall (e.g. gyproc wall) in a simple manner.

These and other objects are achieved by a building element according to the present invention.

In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a building element comprising: a first pair of plates comprising a first plate and a second plate, the first plate comprising a first flat segment and the second plate a second flat segment, the first flat segment and the second plane segment have a first length and a first width, and wherein the first plane segment and the second plane segment are at a first distance from each other and parallel to each other; a second pair of plates comprising a third plate and a fourth plate, wherein the third plate is a flat plate, and the fourth plate is a flat plate, being a second distance from each other and parallel to each other; wherein the first flat portion and the second flat portion of the first pair of plates are perpendicular to the plates of the second pair; and wherein the four plates are interconnected and mutually positioned such that the first distance is less than the second width to form a first, hollow space between the four plates, and to form a second half-open space between three plates and a third half-open space between three plates opposite the second half-open space.

It is an advantage of such a building element that it forms a tube with a square or rectangular cross-section. Such sleeve can accommodate both hard beam-shaped insulation structures (e.g., a bale of straw, or a cured foam material), as well as flat insulation structures (e.g., foam insulation boards such as iso plates), as well as insulation flakes or rock wool or glass wool or the like). Such a tube can also be filled with a foam insulation material that is allowed to cure in the tube itself.

It is an advantage of such a building element that the third and fourth plate protrudes on either side of the beam-shaped space, because it (1) allows two such building elements to be connected to each other in a simple manner by means of these projecting parts to form a and because they (2) can act as spacers with a predetermined distance "H" with respect to an interface at the ends of the projections (e.g., to act as a cavity wall), and because they can (3) use to attach an external wall structure (e.g., a gyproc board) to these spacers without cracking or splintering; and (4) because they can simultaneously serve as a false wall for receiving cables or conduits.

It is an advantage of such a building element that it has a large bending moment, as a result of which this structure is particularly suitable as (upright) column element, as well as as (horizontal) floor element.

In one embodiment, the first and the second plate are pleated metal plates, and the first space is filled with a foam insulation material that is foamed and cured in the tube.

It is an advantage of such a building element that the foam insulation material can both provide or at least contribute to the interconnection of the plates, as well as ensure or at least contribute to the structural strength. It is an additional advantage that, thanks to the pleated plates, additional connection profiles (eg L-profiles) or beams (eg square bars) can be avoided, since the foam material sticks firmly to the plates. It is an important advantage for the mechanical strength if the foam insulation material is cured in the sleeve itself (as in this embodiment) or only afterwards, if already cured insulation material is introduced in the sleeve (as in some other embodiments).

In one embodiment, the foam insulation material is polyurethane (PUR) or polyisocyanurate (PIR).

It is an advantage of PUR or PIR that it is a high-quality insulation material that has good mechanical strength as well as good thermal and acoustic insulation.

In one embodiment the plates are further connected by means of fastening means.

It is an advantage to not only connect the plates with the foam insulation material, but also, for example, with screws or bolts and nuts.

In an alternative embodiment of the building element, the first and the second plate are flat plates, which are mutually connected by means of connecting means.

In one embodiment, the building element further comprises an insulating material arranged in the first, hollow space.

It is an advantage to fill the cavity with an insulating material, such as eg natural insulating material such as straw bales or hemp or cork, or artificial insulating material such as eg glass wool, rock wool, or hard foam insulation boards, or EPS plates, or " isomo "plates, or polystyrene plates, or the like, because they further reduce the thermal conductivity of such a building element, and greatly improve the acoustic insulation. In this way, the thermal and acoustic insulation of a wall containing a plurality of such panels is increased. In embodiments where the building panel is closed by a fifth and sixth panel, it is even possible to use loose insulating materials, e.g. non-compressed straw, or isomo flakes, or flakes of any pre-foamed insulating material.

In one embodiment, the insulation material is selected from the group of: straw, glass wool, rock wool, a pre-foamed plastic material.

It is an advantage when an insulating material with structural strength is used, that it can further increase the structural strength of the building element, and greatly reduces or even eliminates the risk of collapsing. It is an advantage of straw, and in particular a bale of pressed straw, that it is easily available, inexpensive, and provides a good insulation value. In addition, it is a natural product that is biodegradable if you want to recycle the building element.

It is an advantage of pre-foamed sheets that they have a high insulation value compared to their weight.

In one embodiment, the building element further comprises a fifth and a sixth plate for closing the first, hollow space, the fifth and sixth plate being positioned perpendicular to the first and second segment and perpendicular to the third and fourth plate.

It is an advantage of such a building element that the first, hollow space is closed off on six sides, so that the space can be used for receiving an insulation material (thermal, acoustic, or other), and so that heat transfer by convection (e.g. air flow) ) can be avoided throughout the tube. The closure is possible, but does not have to be hermetically sealed. If desired, silicone, for example, or sealing strips or other means can be applied to increase the sealing.

In one embodiment, at least the third and fourth plates are made from a material selected from the group of: wood, fiberboard, plastic, MDF, composite material, plywood, OSB, or combinations thereof.

It is an advantage that the component contains sheets of one or more of such materials, because drilling and / or screwing in such materials is easy because they are relatively light in weight (compared to steel or concrete) because they are readily available. are in different dimensions, and because such material is not a good thermal and / or electrical conductor, and is therefore suitable for making an insulated wall.

It is an advantage of at least some embodiments of building elements according to the present invention that they have a high degree of recyclability, or are even 100% recyclable.

In one embodiment the connecting means comprise at least one profile element which extends in the longitudinal direction and which comprises at least two flat zones which are perpendicular to each other, and a plurality of fixing means for fixing the at least one profile element to two adjacent plates.

The building element can for instance comprise four such fixing profiles arranged outside the first cavity.

It is an advantage when the profile element extends substantially the entire length of the building element, because in this way the connection between the plates can be distributed over a larger area.

It is an advantage that the profile element thus arranged can contribute to the structural strength of the building element.

It is an advantage when profile elements are arranged over substantially the entire length, because in this way the projecting plates are clamped firmly against each other over substantially their entire length, so that the risk of pulling apart and / or skewing of a building element, and / or or the cracking out of a connection can be reduced.

It is also an advantage that the protruding parts that are pressed against each other create a spacer in which screwing can take place in a transverse direction, without this cracking, and that over the entire length of the component (or height of the wall). This also allows an outer wall (e.g., facade wall) or an inner wall (e.g., gyproc wall) to be attached to the projecting portions along the entire length of the building element.

It is an advantage that there are protruding parts both on the inside of such a wall and on the outside of such a wall, because this makes it possible to connect adjacent building elements on both sides of the wall to be formed.

In one embodiment, the profile element is an L-profile.

The L-profile may be a pleated metal strip, e.g., with an "external rounding," which may be advantageous if, for example, a sealant such as silicone or a resin (e.g., mastic resin) or the like is applied to the seam. Thanks to the rounding, the L-profile can still be firmly attached to the plates with its flat parts, without disturbing the seal.

The L-profile can also be a rolled metal profile (with a relatively sharp outer corner).

In one embodiment, the profile elements are made from a metal or metal alloy.

Suitable metals are, for example, steel, stainless steel, or aluminum, or an aluminum alloy, because of their relatively high strength, good workability (sawing, drilling, punching), and relatively low weight.

In an embodiment of the building element, the connecting means comprise at least one wooden beam that extends in the longitudinal direction and which comprises at least two flat zones which are perpendicular to each other, and a plurality of fixing means for fixing the at least one wooden beam to two adjacent plates.

The building element can for instance contain four such beams arranged outside the first hollow space.

In one embodiment, the fixing means are selected from the group of: nails, staples, bolts, nuts and screws.

In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a wall comprising at least a first and a second building element according to the first aspect, wherein the first and second building element are parallel and abutting one another, and are mutually connected by means of fastening means extending through a projecting part of the third plate of the first building element and through a projecting part of the fourth plate of the second building element.

It is an advantage of such a wall that it can easily be formed on the site by simply placing two (or more) building elements next to and against each other, and by simply fixing them to each other (eg by bolts and nuts) to be applied in already existing profile elements, for example L-profiles, or through a flat segment of a folded metal plate).

It is an advantage if these fastening elements (e.g. profiles or or beams) are already pre-drilled or pre-perforated.

It is a further advantage that these fastening means enable the two building elements to be pulled tightly together, and that two protruding plate sections are clamped between them, so that the clamped material has a total thickness equal to the double plate thickness, in which, for example, in the case of wood , a screw can easily be attached in a transverse direction between the profiles, without the wood cracking or splintering.

Depending on the specific embodiment of the building element, in particular the way in which the plates are attached to each other, the connecting means also extend through a connecting profile of the first building element, and through the connecting profile of the second building element.

If the building element itself does not contain connecting profiles (as shown for example in FIG. 5 (i)), it is advantageous to provide (for the formation of a wall) two additional profiles (e.g. flat profiles), and to provide the connecting elements to be applied therethrough, to distribute the clamping forces to pull the components together, and to prevent the screws and bolts from tearing.

In one embodiment, the wall comprises at least three building elements according to the first aspect, and furthermore a door opening or a window opening.

In a third aspect, the present invention relates to a building comprising at least one building element according to the first aspect, or at least one wall according to the second aspect.

In one embodiment the building comprises at least one building element according to the first aspect that is positioned upright, and at least one building element according to the first aspect which is positioned while lying, the upright building element and the lying building element being connected to each other.

Specific and preferred aspects of the invention are included in the appended independent and dependent claims. Features of the dependent claims can be combined with features of the independent claims and with features of other dependent claims as appropriate and not merely as explicitly stated in the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIG. 1 shows a building element according to the present invention, which comprises four flat plates or boards, which are interconnected two by two to form a tube, and wherein two of the four plates or boards protrude on either side beyond the tube. FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the building element according to FIG. 1, in cross-section, wherein the inner space contains an insulating material. FIG. 3 shows a specific embodiment of a building element according to the present invention, wherein four plates or boards are interconnected by L-profiles and bolts with nuts. FIG. 4 is a schematic combination drawing in exploded view, in which four different connecting elements (3 profiles and 1 beam) are shown together in a single drawing (for illustrative purposes). FIG. 5 (a) to FIG. 5 (i) schematically show various ways in which four plates or boards can be interconnected to form a building element according to the present invention. FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a building element according to the present invention, with two flat plates, and two pleated metal plates, the sleeve being filled with polyurethane, in perspective view and in cross-section. FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 show a variant of the building element of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7. FIG. 10 shows an exploded view of a building element according to the present invention, wherein the building element further comprises a fifth and sixth board or plate for closing the sleeve (front and rear in the figure). FIG. 11, FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 show three variants of the building element of FIG. 10. FIG. 14 schematically shows a method and some intermediates that can be used in the production of a building element according to the present invention. FIG. 15 shows an example of how two (or more) building elements according to the present invention can be connected to form a wall or a floor or a roof of a building. FIG. 16 shows a wall according to FIG. 15, wherein on one side of the wall a facade is attached, separated from the wall by a space with air, and on the other side of the wall an inner wall is attached (e.g. a gyproc panel), also separated from the wall through a room with air. FIG. 17 shows in detail an example of how an inner wall of, for example, gyproc can be attached to the projecting parts of the wall of the present invention. In the case of two L irons, the available thickness for inserting screws is twice the thickness of the plates. (the dotted line represents a portion of a folded metal plate). FIG. 18 shows a variant of FIG. 17, where no L-profiles are used as connecting elements, but wooden beams. In this case the available thickness for inserting screws is twice the thickness of the plates plus twice the thickness of the wooden beams. FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 show that two building elements according to the present invention can not only be placed and connected in parallel, but also transversely. FIG. 21 shows a wall according to the present invention, formed by a plurality of building elements placed next to and against each other. The wall shown also has an opening for a window. FIG. 22 shows a cross-section of a building, wherein building elements according to the present invention can be used as upright wall elements and / or as horizontal beams and / or as roof elements.

The figures are only schematic and non-limiting. In the figures, the dimensions of some parts may be exaggerated and not represented to scale for illustrative purposes. Reference numbers in the claims may not be interpreted to limit the scope of protection. In the various figures, the same reference numbers refer to the same or analogous elements.

Detailed description of the embodiments

The present invention will be described with reference to particular embodiments and with reference to certain drawings, however, the invention is not limited thereto but is only limited by the claims.

Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, occurrence of the expressions "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" at various places throughout this specification may not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment, but may do so. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner, as would be apparent to those skilled in the art based on this disclosure, in one or more embodiments.

Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together into a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining disclosure and assisting in understanding one or several of the various inventive aspects. This method of disclosure should not be interpreted in any way as a reflection of an intention that the invention requires more features than explicitly mentioned in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all the features of a single prior disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby explicitly included in this detailed description, with each independent claim as a separate embodiment of the present invention.

Furthermore, while some embodiments described herein include some, but not other, features included in other embodiments, combinations of features of different embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the invention, and constitute different embodiments, as would be understood by those skilled in the art . For example, in the following claims, any of the described embodiments can be used in any combination.

Furthermore, the terms first, second, third and the like in the description and in the claims are used to distinguish similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequence, neither in time, nor spatially, nor in ranking, or in any other manner. It is to be understood that the terms used in this way are suitable under interchangeable conditions and that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operating in a different order than described or depicted herein.

In addition, the terms upper, lower, upper, for and the like in the description and the claims are used for description purposes and not necessarily to describe relative positions. It is to be understood that the terms so used may be interchanged under given circumstances and that the embodiments of the invention described herein are also suitable to operate in other orientations than described or shown herein.

It is to be noted that the term "comprises", as used in the claims, is not to be interpreted as being limited to the means described thereafter; this term does not exclude other elements or steps. It can therefore be interpreted as specifying the presence of the listed features, values, steps or components referred to, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, values, steps or components, or groups thereof. Thus, the scope of the expression "a device comprising means A and B" should not be limited to devices that consist only of components A and B. It means that with regard to the present invention, A and B are the only relevant components of the device.

Numerous specific details are set forth in the description provided here. It is, however, understood that embodiments of the invention can be practiced without these specific details. In other cases, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail to keep this description clear.

In the present invention, the terms "shelves" and "flat plates" are used synonymously.

In the present invention, the term "sheath" or "first cavity" is used as a synonym.

In a first aspect, the present invention provides a building element, such as the building element 100 shown in FIG. 1. The structural element 100 shown comprises four flat plates or boards P1-P4, which are interconnected, and which form a tube, or in other words, which enclose a bar-shaped hollow space R1. Specific to building elements 100 according to the present invention is that some plates P3, P4 protrude further than the beam-shaped space, which offers very interesting advantages, as will become clear further.

The building element 100 shown in FIG. 1 contains a first pair of parallel plates P1, P2. These plates have a length L1, width B1, thickness T1, and are at a distance d1 from each other. The component 100 also includes a second pair of parallel plates P3, P4. These plates have a length L2, width B2, thickness T2, and are at a distance d2 from each other. The plates P3, P4 are perpendicular to the plates P1, P2. The thickness T1 can be the same as T2, and the invention will be further explained assuming that T1 = T2 or simply "T", but that is not necessary for the invention, and embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Also, the plate thickness of the plates P3, P4 can be the same as that of the plates P1, P2, or different.

In principle, the building elements can have all suitable dimensions, but the following dimensions can be chosen for construction, although the invention is not limited thereto:

The length L1, L2 can be in the range of 0.5 m to 12.0 m, e.g. in the range of 0.5 m to 6.0 m, and can be, for example, about 50 cm, or about 80 cm or about 100 cm or about 280 cm, but other lengths can also be used. The plates or boards P1 to P6 can, for example, be compressed plates, or can be laminated plates or boards, making such large lengths possible. When the components are mounted in an upright position (such as for an upright wall), the length L1, L2 corresponds to the height of the wall. This height depends on the application, and can be, for example, the height of one or more floors of a building (eg approximately 2.2 m to 3.0 m per floor). But the building elements of the present invention can also be mounted horizontally, as a beam or as a floor plate (see FIG. 19 and FIG. 20) or even obliquely (see FIG. 22).

The width B1 can be in the range of 0.2 m to 2.0 m, for example in the range of 0.35 m to 1.5 m. The width B1 can for example be approximately 35 cm, or approximately 45 cm or about 70 cm, or about 90 cm, or about 120 cm, or about 150 cm. When the building elements are used to form a raised wall 1500, 1600, which comprises a concatenation of a plurality of building elements 100 (see FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 and FIG. 21), it is mainly the width B1 that determines the number of building elements to reach a total wall width.

The width B2 of the panels P3, P4 corresponds to the "thickness" of such upright wall, including the thickness of the space R2, R3 as shown in FIG. 16.

Referring back to FIG. 1, according to an aspect of the present invention, the distance d1 is deliberately chosen to be smaller than the width B2, so that the plates P3, P4 protrude beyond the plates P1, P2. In FIG. 1, the distance over which the plates P3, P4 protrude is "H1" at the top of the figure, and "H2" at the bottom of the figure. The distances H1 and H2 can be equal to each other (indicated by the letter "H"), or can be different, but according to the present invention, they are both different from zero. Preferably, H 1 and H 2 are in the range of 2.0 to 20.0 cm, e.g., in the range of 5.0 to 15.0 cm. When H 1 is H 2, it is further represented herein by "H", and may have values of, e.g., about 5 cm, or about 8 cm, or about 10 cm, or about 12 cm, but the invention is thereto not limited, and other values are also possible. FIG. 16 shows some of the advantages offered by the protruding parts of the plates P3, P4. This figure shows how these protruding parts define the spaces R2 and R3, which in this example can be used as "cavity wall" (on the outside of a building), and as "false wall" (on an inside of a building). The latter can, for example, be conveniently used for laying cables (eg electricity cables, coaxial cable, telephone cables, etc.) and / or pipes (eg water pipe), eg hidden behind a gyproc wall. As far as known to the inventors, this advantage is not offered by known building elements, and additional spacers must be fitted and mounted on the building element to achieve this effect. FIG. 17 is an enlargement of a portion of FIG. 16, and shows another advantage of the protruding parts U3, U4 'of the plates P3, P4', in particular when the plates are made of a material that can be screwed in, such as, for example, wood, chipboard, MDF, plywood, OSB , and such. As shown, the plates P3 of the one building element and P4 'of the neighboring building element are clamped between the L-shaped profiles 11' of the one building element and 11 "of the other building element, as a result of which a wooden beam with double plate thickness becomes 2xT created between the L-profiles 11 ', 11 ", in which screwing is easy, e.g. with screws 33, in particular in a transverse direction of the plates P3, P4, without these plates cracking or splintering. As far as is known to the inventors, this advantage is not offered by known building elements, and it is by no means obvious that the plates P3, P4 'protrude therefor, because it is a very known problem that the plates would crack if there were a screw 33 would be inserted in a direction parallel to the plane of the plate. However, this problem is surprisingly solved by the connecting elements (e.g. connecting profiles 11 in FIG. 17 or the connecting beams 14 in FIG. 18) pressing the plates P3, P4 'together, so that the problem of cracking or splintering does not occur. At the same time, the connecting elements ensure a firm connection between the various building elements, so that the wall forms one solid whole. So by clamping the plates together in this way, three effects are obtained: 1) the neighboring building elements are connected to each other to form a wall (without gaps), and 2) the projecting plate cannot crack when a screw 33 is inserted laterally, and 3) by connecting the connecting elements (eg wooden beams, or metal profiles) to each other, the construction becomes considerably stronger. These are important advantages of preferred embodiments according to the present invention. Although FIG. 17 is shown with L-shaped profiles 11, it will be appreciated that the U-shaped profile 12 and the L-shaped profile 13 with completion of FIG. 4 can also be used with the same advantages. FIG. 18 shows a variant of FIG. 17, wherein no L-profiles are used as connecting elements 11, but wooden beams 14, e.g. with a rectangular or square cross-section. These can also act as spacers, and may even be more convenient to mount a gyproc wall (or the like) against, because the screws 33 then do not have to be inserted between the L-profiles (width 2xT, see FIG. 17), but the available width is then increased by twice the thickness D of the bars to 2xT + 2xD (see FIG. 18). If T = 1.0 cm and D = 5.0 cm, then the width of the strip into which the screws 33 are to be inserted is thus increased from 2.0 cm to 12.0 cm. This makes it even easier to insert such screws 33. Also in this case neighboring building elements can be attached to each other, and pulled against each other by means of e.g. bolts 31 and nuts 32. FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a building element 200 according to the present invention, with the features as described above, but with other relative dimensions, in cross-section, in which additionally the inner space R1 contains an insulating material (shown in hatched). This can be any type of insulation material, for example rock wool, or a pre-foamed and cured foam material, cut to an appropriate size. Alternatively, natural or biological insulation materials can also be used, such as, for example, straw or hemp. In a specific embodiment, "pressed straw", e.g. in the form of a so-called "rectangular bale" is used as the insulating material. In this case, the dimensions of the plates P1-P4 are preferably chosen according to the standard dimensions of such straw bales, e.g. approximately 35 cm x 45 cm x 100 cm, or multiples thereof, although this is not strictly necessary, because it is it is of course also possible (but more time-consuming) to saw a straw bale into two or more parts, and to use, for example, half a straw bale. However, a lot of time can be gained during assembly when standard dimensions are used, so that cutting is not necessary. Alternatively, it is also possible to apply loose insulation material, for example unpressed straw or hemp.

For the sake of completeness, it should be mentioned that the beneficial effects of the projecting parts U3, U4 which serve as spacers for inner wall W2 and / or outer wall W1, and which serve to interconnect neighboring building elements, are also achieved if the building element is not insulated, but good insulation is of course an additional advantage. Non-insulated building elements according to the present invention can, for example, be conveniently used for a garage, or for industrial buildings (e.g. a warehouse), or the like, while insulated building elements are of course better suited for homes and apartments. FIG. 3 shows an example of how the panels P1 - P4 can be connected to each other using connecting means. In this case the connecting means consist of connecting elements 11, e.g. four or more elongated profiles, and fixing elements 21, 22, such as e.g. bolts and nuts, screws, nails, staples, etc. In a preferred embodiment four L-profiles are used which are extend over almost the entire length of the plates, but that is not strictly necessary, and several shorter L-profiles can also be used (but of course one long profile is stronger and therefore preferred). The L-profiles have "wings" at an angle of 90 °, which are preferably as wide as the dimension "H" with which the plates protrude, e.g. an L-profile with two wings of e.g. 30 mm, or e.g. two times 40 mm, or twice 50 mm. The L-profile is preferably made from a metal, or metal alloy, e.g. steel or an aluminum alloy. The metal profiles can be pre-drilled or pre-perforated. In the example of FIG. 3, corresponding holes were drilled through the plates (e.g., wooden plates), and the aperture was recessed into the plates for receiving a bolt or screw with conical head (but this is not strictly necessary). The bolt 21 can be fastened by means of a nut 22, with or without a washer (not shown), or in any other suitable manner. Alternatively or additionally, the profile elements can also be connected to one or two plates by means of glue.

In the example of FIG. 3, L-profiles are used as connecting elements, but other connecting elements can also be used, such as e.g. the connecting profiles 11-13 and / or the wooden beams 14 shown in FIG. 4 (explosion view), or combinations of two or more of these connecting elements. In the example of FIG. 4, four different profiles are shown in one figure for illustrative reasons, namely: a U-profile 12, an L-profile with sharp angle 11 (on the outside), an L-profile with rounded corner 13 (e.g. obtained by the folds of a metal strip), and a wooden or plastic beam 14 with square or rectangular cross-section. In practice, for each building element, preferably only one type of connecting elements will be used, e.g. four L-profiles 11 or 13, or four beams 14 with square or rectangular cross-section, and no mix. Fasteners 21, 22 other than a bolt with nut are also possible. For example, the profiles of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 can also be fastened with screws (e.g. so-called wood screws), such as e.g. shown schematically in FIG. 5 (a).

In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the distance d2 between the third and fourth plate P3, P4, that is, the plates with the projecting parts U3, U4, is greater than the distance d1 between the first and second plate P1, P2, e.g. at least a factor of 1.2 times greater, or at least a factor of 1.5 greater, or at least a factor of 2.0 greater. The reason for this is that when such building element is used as wall element (see FIG. 15 and FIG. 16), the direction in which the projecting parts U3, U4 extend is the direction perpendicular to "the thickness" of the building element. as a wall panel, the width of the wall panel preferably being much larger than "its thickness". (so preferably B1 is greater than B2, and d2 is greater than d1).

In the example of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the connecting elements 11-14 are all located on the outside of the sleeve or hollow space R1, but this is not strictly necessary, and one or more of the connecting elements can be on the inside of the sleeve. Although not shown, it is also possible to provide connecting elements on certain or all of the ribs both inside the sleeve and outside the sleeve. FIG. 5 (a) to FIG. 5 (i) show some examples of how four plates or boards P1-P4 can be interconnected to form a building element according to the present invention. FIG. 5 (a) and FIG. 5 (b) show a first example in which one beam 14 is initially attached to each plate, after which the plates are attached to each other for making a building element comprising a tube with projecting parts according to the present invention. It is noted that some of these beams 14 are (after mounting) on the inside of the tube, making a connection with bolt and nut difficult, if not impossible, at least for some of the ribs. For a connecting element that is located inside the tube, such as for example the beam 14 with square cross-section, a screw can be used, for example, recessed or not, which can be inserted through the plate (as shown). When such building elements are attached to each other (as shown in FIG. 15), some projecting portions U3a, U4b will not be clamped between the two mounting elements (e.g., two mounting profiles 11 as shown in FIG. 3, or two beams 14 as shown in FIG. FIG. 18), but that does not have to be a problem, since the beam provides sufficient space for receiving a screw 33, even if one of the two wooden beams 14 is located on the inside of the tube. FIG. 5 (c) and FIG. 5 (d) show a second example, in which all beams 14 (but this also applies to profiles) are located outside the tube R1. In this case, for example, bolts and nuts, or screws can be used, or both. Two such building elements can be attached to each other, for example, in the manner shown in FIG. 18. An advantage of such an embodiment is, for example, that the space suitable for receiving screws 33 for attaching e.g. a gyproc wall is not limited to twice the plate thickness T, but is widened to 2xT + 2xD, where T the thickness of the plates, and D the thickness of the wooden beam 14. The advantages that in this way the plates P1-P4 of one building element can easily be mutually connected without additional profiles or brackets or the like, and that two adjacent building elements pass through these profiles can be pulled against each other (e.g. by a bolt 31 and nut 32), also remain. FIG. 5 (e) and FIG. 5 (f) show the example of FIG. 3 with four L-profiles, which are located on the outside of the tube. FIG. 5 (g) and FIG. 5 (h) show an example in which all connecting elements are located in the sleeve R1. Instead of square wooden beams 14, wooden beams with a triangular cross-section can also be used, for example with one 90 ° angle and two 45 ° angles (not shown). FIG. 5 (i) shows an example of a building element according to the present invention in which the plates P1-P4 are interconnected without the aforementioned L or U or profiles or beams, but through a slot 16 saved in P3 and P4, wherein the panels P1 and P2 are inserted into the slot, and wherein the plates are attached to each other by gluing, the glue preferably being introduced into the slot, in known manner. The thickness of the plates P3 and P4 can thereby be chosen thicker than the thickness of the plates P1 and P2, e.g. twice as thick, although this is not strictly necessary. The embodiment of FIG. 5 (i) has the advantage that it is easier and faster to produce, but has the disadvantage that it can easily fold shut. However, if this tube is filled with a suitable insulation material, for example with a compressed bale of straw, the risk of folding over is greatly reduced or even virtually non-existent. The risk of folding over is also drastically reduced when a fifth and sixth plate P5, P6 is applied to the ends, as will be further discussed with reference to FIG. 10 to FIG. 13. This also applies to all embodiments of FIG. 5. Around two building elements according to FIG. 5 (i) to connect for building a wall, one can either directly insert bolts and nuts (with washer) into the projecting parts U3, U4, or, which is preferable, profiles such as flat profiles or L-profiles or add beam-shaped profiles to clamp adjacent projecting parts together.

Although not explicitly shown, it is also possible in a specific embodiment to remove both the slot of FIG. 5 (i) as well as four connecting elements such as FIG. 5 (a) to FIG. 5 (h), which basically means that the plates of the embodiments of FIG. 5 (a) to FIG. 5 (h) are not simply placed against each other, but are connected both with a slot and with connecting means.

Embodiments such as FIG. 5 (d) and FIG. 5 (f) wherein all connecting elements 11 are on the outside of the sleeve, or to a lesser extent such as FIG. 5 (b) where some connecting elements 11 are located on the outside of the sleeve, are preferable because they allow 1) to connect two building elements through the connecting element (s), so that "the projecting part" U3, U4 is clamped between the connecting elements, 2) the connecting elements do not form any extra hindrance for the insulating material (if present as a solid whole such as, for example, a straw bale). FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 show another embodiment of a building element according to the present invention. This building element comprises four plates P1, P2, P3, P4 which define a beam-shaped sleeve.

Two of these four plates P3, P4 are flat plates, for example made of wood or fiberboard, or plastic, or MDF, or plywood, or OSB or the like. These plates have dimensions such that they protrude beyond the tube, with projecting parts U3 and U4. By not using a metal plate for the plates P3, P4, heat bridges are avoided when these plates are used to form a wall.

The two other plates P1, P2 are preferably pleated metal plates, e.g. cold-rolled steel plates with a thickness in the range of 0.3 mm to 3.0 mm, preferably in the range of 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm, for example, a thickness of 0.5 mm or 1.0 mm or 1.5 mm or 2.0 mm. The plates P1, P2 of FIG. 7 are folded over four ribs at an angle of 90 °, such that they have a first flat part S1 which closes the sleeve, a second flat part S1b adjacent to plate P3, a third flat part S1c adjacent to plate P4, and two flat flaps Sld, Sle with a width W that are parallel to the first flat section Sla. These Sld, Sle flaps can advantageously be used for attaching, for example, an outer wall or a gyproc wall, e.g. by stapling therein, or by firing a screw or pin or the like into the flap, or by drilling and / or by using a self-drilling and self-tapping screw. Or to put it differently, the metal plates P1, P2 can have a U-shape on either side (left and right in the figure), which extends over the entire length of the plate (in the depth direction of FIG. 7).

These flat sections Lettuce, Slb, Slc, Sld, Sle are shown separately in the ellipse in dotted line, for illustrative purposes only.

Such building element 600 can be formed, for example, by cutting and folding the metal plate in advance, then positioning the four plates P1, P2, P3, P4 relative to each other to form a hollow tube, optionally one or both ends temporary and / or partial sealing of the tube, bringing raw materials into the tube (in a known manner) and allowing it to foam. Instead of cutting and folding the metal plate in advance, it could also be unrolled from a roll and folded locally. By foaming the foam in the tube, the insulation material will adhere well, for example stick to the four plates. Preferably the foam material is polyurethane (PUR) or polyisocyanurate (PIR), but other foam insulation materials can also be used. By foaming the foam insulation in the tube, it adheres very well to the walls, and contributes substantially to the structural strength of the building panel, despite the relatively thin metal plates. Of course, the insulation material also ensures high thermal and acoustic insulation.

As described above, two or more of such components 600 can be placed side by side, and connected to each other by using connecting means, e.g., bolts 31 and nuts 32, for example, in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. 15 to FIG. 17. FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 show a variant of the building element of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, wherein the metal plates P1, P2 each have only two ribs, and have a U-shaped cross section. Comparison of FIG. 9 with FIG. 7 shows that the metal plates of the component 800 have no "flaps" Sld, Sie parallel to the first wall portion Sla. Multiple building elements 800 can be connected to each other in the same or similar manner as shown in FIG. 17, and the protruding parts U3, U4 can still be used as a spacer, and screws 33 can still be inserted in the transverse direction of (e.g., wooden) plates P3, P4 (as shown in FIG. 17). FIG. 10 shows an exploded view of a building element 1000 according to the present invention, wherein the building element further comprises a fifth and sixth shelf or panel P5, P6 for closing the sleeve (front and rear in the figure). By closing the tube, air flow can be prevented, and heat transfer is limited by convection, and the insulating material is confined, and shielded from environmental influences (eg rain). However, as already mentioned above, this fifth and sixth panel P5, P6 can also considerably increase the structural strength of the structural element, in particular by reducing the risk of folding shut. These effects (reducing air flow and reducing the risk of collapsing) can be further enhanced by adding one or more intermediate panels P7 as shown in FIG. 14. This is especially advantageous when the length L1 of the plates P1-P4 becomes large, e.g. larger than 2.0 m, or e.g. larger than 3.0 m. Of course, several such partitions P7 can be provided. These partitions P7 can also be attached with L-profiles 11 "screwed against one or more of the plates P1-P4, but this is not strictly necessary. For example, in case the sleeve is insulated with straw bales or other strong insulating material, then the partition P7 can be placed without attachment between such straw bales, and further reduce the risk of deformation (e.g. collapsing) of the building element Fig. 11, Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 show three variants of how the building element of Fig. 10 can (only P5 is shown in these figures.) In Fig. 11, the fifth panel P5 has dimensions: (B1 + 2T) x B2 (where T represents the thickness of the plates) .Panel P5 can be similarly (e.g. with L or U profiles or with beams) are attached to the other panels P1 - P4 (see e.g. P5 of FIG. 14, which has a frame of L profiles attached to its edge). 12, the panel P5 has the dimensions: B1 x B2 the panel P5 has dimensions: dl x B1, where dl = B2 - 2xT -2xH. But embodiments other than the ones shown are also possible. For the same dimensions of the plates plates P1 to P4, the embodiment of FIG. 13 usually the strongest, then that of FIG. 12, and then that of FIG. 11.

In each of the examples of FIG. 11 to FIG. 13, the sixth panel P6 can be attached in a similar way to P5, but that is not strictly necessary. For example, the dimensions of P5 and P6 need not be the same, and for P5 the technique of FIG. 12, and for P6 e.g. the technique of FIG. 13. Or, for both P5 and P6, the technique of FIG. 13 apply.

This latter example is also illustrated in FIG. 14. A possible method by which such a building element can be manufactured is as follows: for example by connecting P2, P3 and P4 in a tub shape (as shown) as the first intermediate product; by providing P5 and P6 with four L-profiles (e.g. mitered, i.e. at 45 °) as a second intermediate; by applying two profiles to PI as a third intermediate; by then attaching panels P5 and P6 to the tub formed by P2, P3, P4; by subsequently (albeit optional) applying an insulating material in the tub; and finally attaching the panel PI to the tub. It will be understood that the same method can be applied when no L-profiles are used, but different profile, or beams. 14. FIG. 15 shows an example of how two building elements 100 according to the present invention can be connected to form a wall 1500 of a building, but of course building elements 600 or 800 with pleated metal plates and filled with PUR can also be used, or a mix of building elements with four wooden plates on the one hand, and building elements with metal plates and PUR on the other. As shown, two building elements according to the present invention, with the same width B2 (= thickness of the wall 1500), but possibly a different width B1 and possibly a different length L1, L2 are placed next to and against each other, and connected to each other, e.g. by means of bolts 31 and nuts 32 extending through two connecting elements (here: L-profiles 11 'and 11 ") and through the projecting parts U3, U4 of adjacent plates P3, P4' (see FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 and Fig. 18 for more details. Referring to Fig. 17 and Fig. 18, when the bolts 31 and nuts 32 are tightened, the plates P3 and P4 'are pulled together, and pulled together, and they are pulled together compressed between the connection profiles 11 'and 11 ". It will be clear that, in the case of building elements with pleated metal profiles, the segments S1b and Sic will fulfill the same function if a screw is fitted through these segments. In this way it is achieved on the one hand that 1) two neighboring building elements are firmly connected to each other, in a way that allows no or no appreciable amount of air flow between the building elements or through the building elements, and 2) that the projecting parts U3, U4 are perpendicular to the wall, of course being firmly secured therewith, and can naturally function as a spacer for mounting against a finishing plate, e.g. a gyproc plate, and 3) if the material of the plates is for example wood or chipboard or MDF or the like that screws 33 can also be inserted into the projecting portion U3, U4 without cracking or splintering, because the projecting parts are clamped between the connecting elements, e.g. the profiles 11 'and 11 "or the segments S1b and Sic. If a higher airtightness is desired, optionally a sealant or sealant such as, for example, silicone or the well-known "TEC7" or some "mastic" or resin may be used Pine tree. There are various products on the market that are suitable for this, eg based on acrylic or PU (polyurethane). FIG. 16 shows how against this wall 1600 by way of example, on one side a facade W1 can be attached, separated by a space R2 with air (acting as a cavity wall), and on the other side an inner wall W2 of, for example, "gyproc" , also separated by a room R3 with air. This space R3 can thereby act as a "false wall", in which pipes or cables or the like can be fitted. FIG. 17 shows a possible connection between the various building elements in more detail. Note that instead of the screws 23, bolts and nuts can also be used as shown in FIG. 3.

With reference to FIG. 16, it is also understood that the wall 1600 of the present invention does not contain "cold bridges" because there is no metal extending from wall W1 to wall W2. In the case of P5 and P6 and optionally P7 according to FIG. 14, an L-profile is present which extends in a direction perpendicular to the wall, but heat losses through such profiles can be avoided by using wood or plastic profiles instead of metal for these profiles (transverse to the wall), e.g. fiber-reinforced plastic profiles with an L-shape. Of course, fiber-reinforced plastic profiles can also be used for the connecting elements 11 of FIG. 3 if desired. FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 show that two building elements 1901, 1902 according to the present invention can not only be mounted side by side (parallel to each other), but can also be mounted transversely to each other. FIG. 19 is to be seen as a side view of an upright 1901 (e.g., vertical) and a lying 1902 (e.g., horizontal) building element. In a similar manner as shown in FIG. 15 and FIG. 13, a plurality of such upright building elements can be arranged side by side and attached to each other to form an upright wall, and the horizontal building elements 1902 can also be arranged next to each other and connected to each other for forming a floor plate. The interconnection can be done in a similar manner to that described above (see FIG. 17 and FIG. 18), as shown schematically in FIG. 20 (left). FIG. 20 shows an perspective view of how the two perpendicular components of FIG. 19 can be connected. As shown, both components 2001, 2002 can be insulated. Of course, additional reinforcements can be provided (if necessary) to connect these elements 2001, 2002, known to the skilled person in every suitable way.

With reference to FIG. 19 and FIG. It can also be understood that building elements according to the present invention exhibit a very high mechanical strength, even when relatively thin plates are used (e.g., wooden plates with a thickness in the range of 8 mm to 15 mm). Those skilled in the art will immediately recognize a double I shape, and it is well known that a single I shape has a large bending moment, which in the structure of the component as described herein is largely "translated" into tensile and compressive forces in the connecting elements, in particular the connecting profiles and / or the beams. If the space in the tube is also filled with a sturdy, for example, difficult or non-compressible material, for example, straw bales, or cured insulation boards, then there is also the risk of kinks of the boards perpendicular to each other, so folding them up. of the sleeve, greatly reduced. Naturally, the connecting elements, for example connecting profiles 11-13 or connecting beams 14, also help to prevent such a kink. In the case of L-profiles, in particular the width and / or the thickness of the "wings" can be chosen larger to reduce this risk. FIG. 21 shows an example of wall 2100 according to the present invention, formed by a plurality of adjacent building elements according to the present invention. The wall 2100 shown contains building elements of three different lengths: X, Y, Z. It is an advantage that this wall 2100 can easily be assembled on site, with very simple tools (see for example FIG. 17: in principle two spanners are sufficient or ring spanners or the like to insert and secure the bolts and nuts). Indeed, the holes can already be pre-drilled or punched in the connecting elements (eg profiles or beams) and through the projecting parts (eg wooden boards), or in the case of building elements with folded metal plates, through the segments Slb, Sic. It is of course also possible that some building elements are already attached to each other in the factory, and that a complete wall is led to the destination. As shown in the example of FIG. 21, a window or door opening or any other opening (e.g. for a skylight) can be simply formed by omitting a number of building elements, and / or using shorter building elements. It will be clear that the construction of such a wall does not require highly skilled personnel, nor does it require heavy investment in terms of tools. This also makes the building elements according to the present invention extremely suitable for every do-it-yourselfer. FIG. 22 shows a cross-section of a building 2200, wherein building elements 2201, 2202, 2203 according to the present invention are used, both as upright building elements 2201, as horizontal building elements 2202 (e.g. as floor element), and as sloping building elements 2203 (e.g. roof elements) . This is of course only an example, and multi-storey buildings, or only a single storey, can be built with building elements according to the present invention.

The foregoing description provides details of certain embodiments of the invention. It will be understood, however, that no matter how detailed the foregoing may appear in text, the invention may be practiced in many ways. It should be noted that the use of particular terminology in describing certain features or aspects of the invention should not be construed to imply that the terminology is redefined herein to be limited to specific features of the features or aspects of the invention with which this terminology is linked. REFERENCES: 100, 200, 300, 600, 800, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400 building element 1500, 1600, 2100 wall 2200 building P1, P2, P3, P4 first, second, third, fourth plate U3, U4 protruding part of third, fourth plate P5, P6 fifth, sixth plate P7 intermediate plate (optional) d1, d2 first, second distance L1, L2 first, second length B1, B2 first, second width H1, H2 first, second height W1, W2 first, second wall 11-14 connecting elements 11, 12, 13 connecting profiles 14 (connecting) beams, also called "beams" 16 recess, eg slot 21 bolt (eg with countersunk head) 22 nut 23 screw 31 bolt 32 nut 33 screw

Claims (17)

Conclusions A wall (1500, 1600, 2100) comprising at least a first and a second building element (100; 600; 800), the first and second building element (100; 600; 800) comprising: - a first pair of plates (P1, P2 ) comprising a first plate (P1) and a second plate (P2), the first plate (P1) comprising a first flat segment (S1) and the second plate (P2) a second flat segment (S2a), the first surface segment (S1a) and the second flat segment (S2a) have a first length (L1) and a first width (B1), and wherein the first flat segment (S1a) and the second flat segment (S1b) at a first distance (d1) ) from each other and parallel to each other; - a second pair of plates (P3, P4) comprising a third plate (P3) and a fourth plate (P4), wherein the third plate (P3) is a flat plate, and the fourth plate (P4) is a flat plate, which being at a second distance (d2) from each other and parallel to each other; - wherein the first flat portion (S1a) and the second flat portion (S2a) of the first pair of plates are perpendicular to the plates of the second pair (P3, P4); and - wherein the four plates (P1, P2, P3, P4) are mutually connected and mutually positioned such that the first distance (d1) is smaller than the second width (B2) to form a first hollow space (R1 ) between the four plates (P1, P2, P3, P4), and to form a second half-open space (R2) between three plates (P3, P1, P4) and a third half-open space (R3) between three plates (P3, P2, P4) opposite the second half-open space (R2). - wherein the first and second building element are parallel and abutting, and are mutually connected by means of fastening means (31, 32) extending through a projecting part (U3) of the third plate (P3) of the first building element and through a protruding part (U4) of the fourth plate (P4 ') of the second building element. A wall according to claim 1, - wherein the first and the second plate (P1, P2) are corrugated metal plates, and - wherein the first space (R1) is filled with a foam insulation material that has been foamed and cured in the Cooker. A wall according to claim 2, wherein the foam insulation material is polyurethane (PUR) or polyisocyanurate (PIR). A wall according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the plates (P1, P2, P3, P4) are further connected by means of fasteners (21-23). A wall according to claim 1, wherein the first and second plates (P1, P2) are flat plates, and wherein the plates (P1, P2, P3, P4) are interconnected by means of connecting means (11-14; 21 -23). A wall according to claim 5, further comprising an insulation material disposed in the first, hollow space (R1). A wall according to claim 6, wherein the insulation material is selected from the group consisting of: straw, glass wool, rock wool, a pre-foamed plastic material. A wall according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a fifth and a sixth plate (P5, P6) for closing the first hollow space (R1), wherein the fifth and sixth plate (P5, P6) are perpendicular is positioned on the first and second segments (S1a, S2a) and perpendicular to the third and fourth plates (P1-P4). A wall according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least the third and fourth plates (P3, P4) are made from a material selected from the group of: wood, fiberboard, plastic, MDF, composite material, multiplex and OSB, or combinations of these. A wall according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the connecting means comprise at least one profile element (11-13) which extends in the longitudinal direction (L) and which comprises at least two flat zones perpendicular to each other, and at least one fixing means (21-23) for attaching the at least one profile element (11-13) to two adjacent plates (P1-P6). A wall according to claim 10, wherein the profile element (11) is an L-profile. A wall according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the profile elements (11-13) are made from a metal or metal alloy. A wall according to any one of claims 5 to 12, wherein the connecting means comprise at least one wooden beam (14) which extends in the longitudinal direction (L) and which comprises at least two flat zones that are perpendicular to each other, and a plurality of fixing means (21-23) for attaching the at least one wooden beam (14) to two adjacent plates (P1-P6). A wall according to any one of claims 4 to 13, wherein the fixing means (21-23) are selected from the group of: nails, staples, bolts (21), nuts (22) and screws (23). A wall according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising an inner wall and / or an outer wall such as, for example, a gy proc wall or a facade wall, which is / are attached to the building elements by means of screws inserted into the projecting parts ( U3, U4) and / or in the connecting elements (11-14) of the building elements. A wall (2100) for a building, the wall comprising at least three building elements (100; 600; 800), and further comprising a door opening or a window opening. A building (2200) comprising at least one wall (1500, 1600, 2100) according to any one of the preceding claims. A building (2200) according to claim 17, which comprises at least one wall according to one of claims 1 to 16 that is positioned upright, and at least one wall according to one of claims 1 to 16 which is positioned lying down, the on the standing wall and the horizontal wall are connected to each other.