BE1019958A5 - DEVICE FOR PROCESSING SHREDDER RESIDUE. - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates on the one hand to a device (8) for splitting SLF and / or SHFEC drops into several fractions, comprising a disc sieve (2) which is provided for dynamically supplying the non-pervious fraction directly to a second air separator (9) , wherein this device (8) further comprises a vibrating screen (5) which extends under a conveyor belt (3) for the falling-through fraction, and wherein this conveyor belt (3) is provided for supplying the falling-through fraction directly to an underlying vibrating screen ( 5) and wherein the vibrating screen (5) dynamically feeds its non-passing fraction to a first air separator (7). On the other hand, this invention relates to a method for splitting SLF and / or SHFEC drops into multiple fractions.

Description

DEVICE FOR PROCESSING SHREDDER RESIDUE

This invention relates on the one hand to a device for splitting Shredder Light Fraction (SLF) and Shredder Heavy Fraction Eddy Current drops (SHFEC drops into several fractions, as described in the preamble of the first claim. On the other hand, this invention relates to a method for splitting up SLF and SHFEC drops in multiple fractions.

The recycling of end-of-life vehicles, washing machines, refrigerators and the like uses a shredder (shredder) which will initially crush the supplied objects and then tear the crushed parts to pieces between rotating hammers (rotor) and a fixed anvil. A typical shredder installation includes a feed system, the hammer mill, an air treatment system to remove all light contaminants (the so-called Shredder Light Fraction (SLF)), a magnet system to separate the iron (Ferro) from the non-ferrous (heavy fraction). The heavy fraction is usually separated with an eddy current separator into an aluminum / magnesium fraction versus an eddy current insensitive heavy fraction (SHFEC drops). To form a whole, the above-mentioned devices are connected to various transport systems (devices). Different sorting steps are still possible on the different fractions coming from the shredder installation to create various partial fractions for further recycling and reuse.

Two known fractions from a shredder are known under the term: shredder light fraction (Shredder Light Fraction (SLF)) and shredder eddy current insensitive heavy fraction (Shredder Heavy Fraction Eddy Current drops (SHFEC drops)). The shredder light fraction comes from the shredder's air treatment system and basically includes extracted shredder residue such as carpets, textiles, foam rubber, foils, plastics, rubber, thin-walled and stringy metal objects, electrical wiring, small mineral objects, etc. The shredder eddy current separator The non-insensitive heavy fraction comes from the eddy current separator and mainly comprises plastics and other organic material. This fraction also includes a percentage of heavy metals such as bronze, copper, stainless steel, electrical wiring, etc ....

This invention relates to a device for splitting these two fractions (SLF and SHFEC drops) into various partial effects. Until now, the split of the SLF and SHFEC drops into various products is done with the aid of various separately arranged components (devices). Between the individual components there are in each case transport systems, often conveyor belts, which transport the material flows from one component to another component.

Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a known arrangement. In the known installations, SLF and SHFED drops with dimensions of up to ± 200 mm. Are supplied via a conveyor system such as, for example, a conveyor belt (101) to a screen device (102) which splits the material into two fractions. An underlying transport system (103) collects the small parts (with dimensions up to ± 50 mm.) That fall through the openings of the screen device (102) and transfers them to another transport system (104) that supplies the material to a vibrating screen (105). Fine particles (especially mineral dust and sand particles with dimensions up to ± 6 mm.) Fall down through the vibrating screen (105), while the parts larger than the screen openings of the vibrating screen (105) move over the screen surface and come together on a transport system (106) that will feed these parts to a first air separator (107). The first air separator (107) separates the material into a light (D) and heavy fraction (E) known in the trade under the name "Light Fraction Small" (D) and "Heavy Fraction Small" (E). The finest particles (C) that fall through the vibrating screen (105) are known in the trade jargon under the name Mineral fraction or Mineral Fraction (C).

Material (with dimensions in the range ± 50 - ± 200 mm.) That does not fall through the screen openings of the screen device (102) moves through the screen device and comes together on an underlying conveyor system (108), which supplies these parts to a second air separator (109). This second air separator (109) separates the material into a light fraction (A) and a heavy fraction (B) which are known in the trade under the names "Light Fraction Large" (A) and "Heavy Fraction Large" (B).

The above-mentioned lighter fractions (A and D) (Light Fraction Large and Light Fraction Small) can be used as fuel. The heavy fractions (B and E) can furthermore be obtained by other techniques.

The known installations, however, have the major disadvantage that they take up a lot of space. As an illustration for a standard installation with a processing capacity of 30 tons / hour, an area of approximately 1,500 m2 must be provided. Moreover, the known installations have a large dust emission, this mainly in the case of mutual transport between the different installations that form part of the installation. Naturally, this is detrimental to the environment, the environment and ultimately the operator of the installation. In order to limit dust emissions as much as possible, the known installations are placed under vacuum with the aid of a suction device. These installations are insufficient to completely prevent dust emission. Moreover - due to the large distances between the various components of the installation - the initial investment cost and the operating cost for such an installation are considerable. Furthermore, for known installations, a suction device requires a large network of pipes and extraction points, which also entails a high cost.

The German patent publication DE 10 2004 045 821 A1, also describes the known method for splitting Shredder Light Fraction and Shredder Heavy Fraction Eddy Current drops into several fractions, via a number of successive steps and by using a number of known devices such as vibrating screens and air separators.

The present invention has for its object to provide a more compact device that is more economical, both in terms of environmental impact and in terms of cost price, and which moreover allows to process the SLF and SHFED drops with much less pollution (dust emission) for the immediate working environment. and the environment and environment in general.

The object of the invention is achieved by providing a device for splitting SLF and SHFEC drops into several fractions, comprising: a transport system provided for supplying SLF and SHFEC drops with dimensions of up to 200 mm. a sieving device suitable for separating the material supplied via the conveyor system into a flow of fractions passing through with dimensions up to 50 mm at most, and a stream of non-pervious fractions with dimensions above 50 mm. up to a maximum of 200 mm .; a conveyor belt provided for receiving the passing fraction of the screening device and for feeding it through; a vibrating screen suitable for separating the through-passing fraction passed through the conveyor belt into fractions with a size of at most 6 mm, the so-called mineral fraction, and a stream of fractions with dimensions of at most 50 mm; a first air separator provided for separating the flow fractions with dimensions of up to 50 mm. in a small light fraction and a small heavy fraction; a second air separator provided for separating said flow of non-pervious fractions into a large light fraction and a large heavy fraction; said screen device being a disk screen which is provided to feed the non-pervious fraction directly to the second air separator, and in that the vibrating screen extends below the conveyor for the pervious fraction, said conveyor being provided to directly feed the pervious fraction to the underlying vibrating screen and wherein the vibrating screen is provided for supplying the flow of fractions with dimensions of at most 50 mm to the first air separator.

By using a disc screen, the non-pervious fraction is dynamically supplied to the second air separator and by using the vibrating screen, the flow becomes fractions with dimensions of up to 50 mm. dynamically supplied to the first air separator. Within the scope of this invention, the term dynamic is understood to mean: a material stream that is propelled wherein the parts in the material stream temporarily disengage (fly) by colliding the parts in the material stream with the conveying surfaces of the conveying device that provide the driving force for transporting the parts.

The term "dynamic" means in particular for a disk screen, parts come off (fly) from the disks by colliding with the fast rotating disks and in the context of a vibrating screen means the parts that come away from the vibrating screen cover due to the fact that the acceleration of the screen deck exceeds the earth acceleration.

Because, on the one hand, the non-pervious fraction is supplied directly to the second air separator, and, on the other hand, the said conveyor belt is provided for supplying the pervious fraction directly to the underlying vibrating screen, there are, compared to the known devices for splitting up SLF and SHFEC drops, much less transport systems required, which greatly limits dust emissions. Because fewer transport systems are required between the mutual parts of the device, this device can be made much more compact and efficient.

In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the width of the vibrating screen is at least equal to the width of the discharge opening of the conveyor for the falling-through fraction. This has the great advantage that the material is nicely and evenly supplied to the vibrating screen, whereby the vibrating screen is utilized in the most optimal manner from the initial zone over the entire width.

In a more preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the said conveyor system is a conveyor belt, and a vibrating trough is provided between the conveyor belt and the screening device. The purpose of the vibrating trough is to feed the material from a low height over the full width of the disc screen, in order to reduce local wear and thus to optimally use (or wear out) the components of the disc screen over the entire width.

According to a special embodiment of the device according to the invention, the said device is provided in one housing. The walls of the mutual components that form part of the installation connect to each other in such a way that they together form the general housing of the device, this is possible because the design has been weighed to achieve this and because of the fact that the products mentioned that are processed with this device allow this. The device is much more compact according to the invention than in the current state of the art. The housing is preferably a sealed housing. The housing also offers the advantage that the spreading losses are kept to an absolute minimum.

Due to the small dimensions of the device, it is also possible to place this device in an affordable outdoor housing (shed) so that dust emission to the environment is eliminated. One can speak of a closed environment known in the waste sector under the term "closed environment" that is closed off from the outside world.

In a more special embodiment of the device according to the invention, the device further comprises a suction installation which is provided for bringing the device under pressure. Because the device can be placed under reduced pressure, the air flow from the device to the environment is virtually prevented.

In the current devices for splitting SLF and SHFEC drops into several fractions, the various components are far apart, so that a huge amount of pipelines must be present in order to be able to adequately extract the various components. The result is a maintenance-intensive extraction system that represents a significant purchase and operating cost. By now placing all parts (components) in a single housing, only this housing should be placed under reduced pressure. The result of this is a minimum of suction lines, a smaller required flow rate with the result of a smaller ventilation unit (suction device) for placing the device according to the invention in underpressure. A smaller ventilation unit (extraction device) naturally also requires less energy, which is a major advantage in itself.

Another subject of this invention relates to a method for splitting SLF and SHFEC drops into multiple fractions comprising the successive steps of: supplying SLF and SHFEC drops with dimensions of up to 200 mm. separating the supplied material via a screening device into a stream of collapsible fractions with dimensions of up to 50 mm, and a stream of non-collapsible fractions with dimensions of up to 200 mm; receiving the through-passing fraction of the sieving device and feeding it through a conveyor belt; separating the through-passing fraction passed through the conveyor belt into fractions with a dimension of at most 6 mm, the so-called mineral fraction, and a stream of fractions with dimensions of at most 50 mm. via an underlying vibrating screen; separating the flow fractions with dimensions up to 50 mm. via a first air separator, into a small light fraction (Light Fraction Small) and a small heavy fraction (Heavy Fraction Small); separating said stream of non-pervious fractions through a second air separator into a large light fraction (Light Fraction Large) and a large heavy fraction (Heavy Fraction Large); wherein the non-pervious fraction is supplied directly to the second air separator and that the said pervious fraction is supplied directly to the underlying vibrating screen by means of the conveyor belt. The method according to this invention has the great advantage that much less transport is required to break up the material supplied, as a result of which much less dust will be released during the processing of SLF and SHFEC drops. The installation applying such a method also requires much less space.

The invention will now be further elucidated on the basis of the following detailed description of a part of a preferred device according to the present invention and of the operation of this device. The purpose of this description is only to provide a clarifying example and thus can in no way be interpreted as a limitation of the scope of the invention or of the patent rights claimed in the claims.

In this description reference is made to the accompanying figures by means of reference djers, wherein: figure 1: a device for splitting SLF and SHFEC drops into several fractions according to the prior art; figure 2: a device for splitting SLF and SHFEC drops into several fractions according to the invention; figure 3: shows the flow of materials in the device.

This invention relates to a device (8) for splitting SLF and SHFEC drops into multiple fractions (A, B, C, D and E). The naming of the different fractions is based on their weight, dimensions and composition. We distinguish a first group (larger) of material with dimensions in the range of approximately 50 to 200 mm. This group of material is separated by means of an air separator in a lighter (A) and heavier fraction (B). A second group of (smaller) material with dimensions in the range of about 6 to 50 mm. which also by means of an air separator is split into a lighter (D) and heavier (E) fraction. The last group is the mineral fraction (C), which has dimensions of up to 6 mm. and as the name and dimensions suggest, a mixture of mineral dust and sand.

In principle we can therefore distinguish the five following fractions: - A: large light fraction ("Light Fraction Large"); - B: large heavy fraction ("Heavy Fraction Large"); C: finest fraction (also known as the mineral fraction) ("Mineral Fraction"); - D: small light fraction ("Light Fraction Small"); - E: small heavy fraction ("Heavy Fraction Small").

In order to now split the supplied material flow (X) into the above-mentioned fractions, the device (8) according to the invention and as shown on the attached figures 2 and 3: comprises a conveyor system (1), preferably a conveyor belt (1) for supplying SLF and SHFEC drops (X) with dimensions up to approximately 200 mm .; a sieving device (2) suitable for separating the material (X) supplied via the conveying system (1) into a stream of fractions passing through with dimensions of up to approximately 50 mm, and a stream of non-pervious fractions of dimensions of up to approximately 50 mm 200 mm .; a conveyor belt (3) provided for receiving the through-passing fraction of the screening device (2) and passing it through; a vibrating screen (5) suitable for separating the through-passing fraction passed through the conveyor belt (3) into fractions with a size of at most about 6 mm, the so-called mineral fraction (C), and a stream of fractions with dimensions of up to about 50 mm .; a first air separator (7) provided for separating the stream of fractions with dimensions of up to about 50 mm at most. in a small light fraction ("Light Fraction Small") (D) and a small heavy fraction ("Heavy Fraction Small") (E); a second air separator (9) provided for separating said flow of non-pervious fractions into a large light fraction ("Light Fraction Large") (A) and a large heavy fraction ("Heavy Fraction Large") (B).

However, the device (8) according to the invention differs from the known devices (as represented in Figure 1) in that a large part of the transport systems responsible for the transport of the material to the various components of the device are lost. This is possible. by using a so-called dynamic screening device according to the present invention. The term dynamic is understood to mean within the scope of this invention: a material stream that is propelled whereby the parts in the material stream are temporarily released (fly) by a certain amplitude by colliding the parts in the material stream with the conveying surfaces of the conveying device the driving force for the transport of the parts.

"dynamic" means for a disc screen, parts come loose (fly) from the discs by colliding with the fast rotating discs.

"dynamic" for a vibrating screen, meaning the parts that are released from the vibrating screen deck due to the fact that the acceleration of the screen deck exceeds the earth acceleration.

This makes it possible to position the vibrating screen (5) under the screening device. The screen surface of the vibrating screen preferably has a width of at least the width of the conveyor belt (3) which will pass through the falling-through fraction of the screening device (2) to this vibrating screen (5). As a result, the falling fraction will spread nicely over the entire width of the vibrating screen.

In the device (8) according to this invention, the second air separator immediately connects to the end of the screening device, as a result of which the non-pervious fraction is dynamically supplied directly to the second air separator (9). The first air separator (7) is also positioned such that it connects to the end of the vibrating screen (5).

By arranging the various components (parts) of the device (8) according to the present invention in an innovative manner on the one hand, and by limiting the number of transport systems on the other hand, a much more compact device (installation) can be manufactured. An enormous surface saving can hereby be achieved with respect to the known devices. To illustrate: for an installation with a processing capacity of 30 tons / hour, only 500 m2 should be provided instead of 1500 m2.

A more compact device (8) also makes it possible to better control the emission of dust, which is a major problem with such installations that process SLF and SHFED drops. To counter this, it is known to place the various components of the installation under negative pressure in order to prevent an air flow from the components to the environment. Given that the components at the known installations are far apart, an enormous amount of pipelines must also be provided to extract all transport systems, overflow zones, and components. The result is an expensive extraction system that represents a significant investment cost and operating cost (maintenance + energy). By placing all parts of the device in a single housing (6) in accordance with this invention, one only needs to place this housing (6) in underpressure. The result is a minimum of suction lines, a smaller required flow rate, which results in a smaller suction device (less energy) for placing the device (8) under reduced pressure.

Claims (6)

Device (8) for splitting SLF and SHFEC drops into several fractions (A, B, C, D and E), comprising: - a transport system (1) provided for supplying SLF and SHFEC drops (X) with dimensions up to 200 mm .; - a sieving device (2) suitable for separating the material (X) supplied via the conveying system (1) into a stream of fractions passing through with dimensions up to a maximum of 50 mm, and a stream of non-pervious fractions with dimensions from 50 mm. up to a maximum of 200 mm .; - a conveyor belt (3) provided for receiving the falling-through fraction from the screening device (2) and for feeding it through; - a vibrating screen (5) suitable for separating the through-passing fraction passed through the conveyor belt (3) into fractions with a size of at most 6 mm, the so-called mineral fraction (C), and a stream of fractions with dimensions up to at most 50 mm .; - a first air separator (7) provided for separating the flow fractions with dimensions of up to 50 mm. in a small light fraction (D) and a small heavy fraction (E); - a second air separator (9) provided for separating said flow of non-pervious fractions into a large light fraction (A) and a large heavy fraction (B); characterized in that said screening device (2) is a disk screen which is provided to feed the non-pervious fraction directly to the second air separator (9), and in that the vibrating screen (5) extends below the conveyor belt (3) the falling-through fraction, wherein this conveyor belt (3) is provided to feed the falling-through fraction directly to the underlying vibrating screen (5), and wherein the vibrating screen (5) is provided to supply the flow of fractions with dimensions up to 50 mm at most to the first air separator (7). Device (8) according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the vibrating screen (5) is at least equal to the width of the discharge opening of the conveyor belt (3) for the falling-through fraction. Device (8) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said conveyor system (1) is a conveyor belt, and that a vibrating trough (4) is provided between the conveyor belt (1) and the screening device (2). Device (8) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said device (8) is provided in a housing (6). The device (8) according to claim 4, characterized in that the device (8) further comprises a suction device which is provided to bring the device (8) under pressure. Method for splitting SLF and SHFEC drops (X) into multiple fractions (A, B, C, D and E) comprising the successive steps of: - feeding SLF and SHFEC drops (X) with dimensions up to at most 200 mm .; - separating the supplied material (X) via a sieving device (2) into a stream of fractions passing through with dimensions of at most 50 mm, and a stream of non-pervious fractions with dimensions of at most 200 mm; - receiving through a conveyor belt (3) the falling-through fraction of the screening device (2) and passing it through; - passing through the conveyor belt (3), passing through, separating into fractions with a dimension of at most 6 mm, the so-called mineral fraction (C), and a stream of fractions with dimensions of at most 50 mm. via an underlying vibrating screen (5); - separating, via a first air separator (7), the flow of fractions with dimensions of up to 50 mm in a small light fraction (D) and a small heavy fraction (E); - separating said stream of non-pervious fractions via a second air separator (9) into a large light fraction (A) and a large heavy fraction (B); characterized in that the non-pervious fraction is supplied directly to the second air separator (9) and that said pervious fraction is supplied directly to the underlying vibrating screen (5) by means of the conveyor belt (3).