DE102004045821A1 - Processing of light shredded matter, from automobiles and other waste, loosens and dries the material to be sorted into usable organic matter and ferrous and non-ferrous metals for recycling - Google Patents

Abstract

To process the light fraction from shredded automobiles and mixed waste, the fraction is taken as it comes for loosening, drying and sorting. During the loosening and drying stages, the organic matter is separated e.g. textile fibers, foam materials, wood, films and fine-grain adhering matter. The released fine mineral components are taken out a fine materials e.g. glass, ceramics, concrete, tiles, sand. The residue is taken as coarse matter e.g. plastics, rubber, metal and the larger mineral materials. The processed material is further sorted to recover the metal content and the organic components. The waste is taken from a hopper (1) to a loosening and drying stage (3), which is followed by a sieve (4) to sort coarse and fine materials with a further sieve (5) for intermediate products. The coarse fraction is passed to an air stream sorting stage (6), and the fine fraction is treated in an aero hearth (8) to give light matter and dust. The metal content is sorted into ferrous and non-ferrous fractions by a magnetic separator (9).

Description

The invention relates to a method according to the features DE 103 34 646.5 , the preamble of the first claim and a plant for processing the shredder light fraction according to claim 10.

• – ein für die stoffliche Verwertung geeignetes mineralisches Produkt,
• – zwei aus organischen Bestandteilen bestehende Produkte für die rohstoffliche und/oder energetische und ggf. werkstoffliche Verwertung sowie
• – ein die Metalle und die groben mineralischen Bestandteile enthaltendes metallreiches Produkt.

The invention is suitable for the treatment of shredder light fraction from the treatment of end-of-life vehicle, mixed and collective scrap, with the aim of generating usable product streams, eg

• - a mineral product suitable for recycling,
• - two products consisting of organic components for raw material and / or energetic and possibly mechanical recycling as well as
• A metal-rich product containing the metals and coarse mineral components.

The Invention is everywhere Applicable where too big Content of organic matter The landfill capacity of the shredder light fraction prevented.

To the current one In the state of the art, the reprocessing of end-of-life vehicles, mixed and collecting scrap after the removal of supplies from the End-of-life vehicles with the aid of basic process engineering Pulping and sorting. For the disintegration has yourself the Hammerreißer (Shredder) proven, the most extensively available crushed product supplies. This is subsequently followed by aero-space sorting (e.g. Zigzag sifter; Rotary drum separator) from the relatively light components (light goods) freed, where This product is commonly referred to as Shredder Light Fraction (SLF) becomes. The simultaneously resulting heavy cargo is then to Separation of ferromagnetic components (steel, cast iron) subjected to magnetic separation as a non-magnetic product the so-called shredder heavy fraction (SSF) delivers.

While that Steel product without restrictions metallurgically utilizable, the SSF requires recovery the comparatively high non-ferrous metal content after its classification a z.T. Multi-level sorting. The SLF, made of mineral and organic components as well as metals, is so far landfilled.

Around meet the legal requirements to be able to and the future Shredder operators can reduce the high disposal costs Process proposed from the SLF feedstock and / or energetic Separate usable components in significant proportions or the landfill capability to secure.

A solution for raw material recovery will be in EP 0 863 114 A1 presented. It is envisaged to add a binder and fillers to the SLF and to produce a pressure-resistant, permanently plastic material suitable for mining use by adding a salt solution.

To DE 197 42 214 C2 the SLF is comminuted, the metallic components being separated before or after comminution. The remaining mixture is then rendered inert by means of a melt reactor, so that it can be deposited as a "non-hazardous" solid.

Furthermore, the EP 0 922 749 A1 a process for the preparation of the SLF before, which is calcined by the addition of calcium carbonate by means of a fluidized bed gasifier and thus landfilled.

A process for energy recovery is out DE 44 37 852 A1 known. As part of this process, the SLF is homogenized using a compulsory mixer, with fine to fine-grained magnetic components are added. The removal of those components (eg copper), which impede a metallurgical use, then carried out by means of a magnetic separator.

The procedure in DE 197 31 874 C1 plans to comminute and homogenize the SLF again after pressing. Due to the associated reduction in water content, the SLF should be suitable for thermal utilization.

In EP 0 884 107 A2 It is proposed to obtain from the SLF by means of the basic processes of crushing, classifying and sorting a metal-free, energetically usable fraction> 20 mm.

The Method in DE-OS 199 11 010 A1 has the particular aim, the Unfold non-ferrous metals and to disperse to facilitate their sorting or facilitate. Furthermore, it is assumed that in the crushing process a complete crushing the brittle one mineral components and only a minor comminution of the organic Ingredients are what the subsequent complex sorting should also facilitate.

Common to the processes listed so far is that they either deal with the utilization of the SLF or with the metallic components from the processing of the SLF. In contrast, suggests DE 100 53 491 A1 a joint processing of the SLF and the SSF with the aim of a possible Most far-reaching separation into at least partially usable fractions before, for example, in a raw material or energy (blast furnace, cement plant) usable fraction and a lint fraction. A potential raw material utilization possibility for this Flusenfrakion as conditioners for sewage sludge is in DE 102 24 133 A1 described.

In front the background of the legal framework (end-of-life vehicle regulation), from 2015 a ELV utilization rate of at least 95 % demand, whereby at least 85% material and raw materials usable material flows is to develop, is a focus on energy use oriented exploitation of the SLF and SSF excluded.

Remarkably high is also the mechanical engineering effort with which the mentioned material flows are to be generated (eg DE 100 53 491 A1 : 3-step shredding). Such complex process plants require large central processing plants, which must ensure their profitability by continuously high throughputs. In a decentralized end-of-life vehicle scrapping market, this will be associated with large catchment areas for the shredder light fraction and high additional transportation costs.

With the in DE 199 11 010 A1 described method, the preparation of the SLF is not satisfactorily solvable. Investigations have shown that in rotor impact mills at technically usual throughputs takes place due to the very high levels of organic components in the feed practically no crushing of the mineral constituents. Also, with the frequently occurring water contents of the SLF> 10 to 15% in the size reduction machine, there is no longer a dissolution of the secondarily formed entanglements and the detachment of the fine-grained adhesions. At even higher water contents, which occur especially in the winter months, the operation of facilities according to the proposed method is not possible at all.

It is therefore an object of the invention, a method and a corresponding To develop plant with which the SLF with comparatively low technical effort can be processed so that one for recycling suitable mineral product and at least two in their Composition of different metal-poor organic products arise and the metal content in a usable metal-containing Product is enriched.

These The object is achieved by a method having the features of the first patent claim, a corresponding system with the features of claim 10 and the use of a mineral produced by this process Product <2 mm solved with the feature mentioned in claim 18.

Subordinate claims advantageous embodiments of the invention again.

The inventive method Foresees the SLF after a loosening and drying process by means of a drying drum and / or a mixing unit with to feed classifying and sorting processes to rotating elements.

The Feedstock (size class e.g. 0 ... 300 mm) is first so loosen up that the secondary Felting of the organic components of the feed material and the fine-grained Adhesions solved and the resulting released fine mineral components (e.g., glass, ceramics, concrete, brick, sand) in a subsequent one Siebklassierung largely into the fines, and the remaining Ingredients (e.g., plastic, rubber, metals and the coarser mineral Constituents) in coarser ones Size of classes be applied.

Advantageous is it if possible many mineral constituents of the particle size class <2 mm and the remaining constituents the piece size classes 2 - 20 mm and> 20 mm. This is only possible with relatively dry SLF (water content approx. <10%). At higher water contents the drying process must be dried, e.g. by means of a drum dryer from the company MOZER / Göppingen, superimposed become.

Advantageous It is still, the metal content of the fine <2 mm by a Density sorting by Aeroherd, e.g. the company FREN / Leoben, to separate, so that a largely metal-free, mineral product is formed, which for the recycling is suitable.

The further processing of the other two classifying products 2 - 20 mm and> 20 mm is carried out by aero-space sorting by means of cross-flow, countercurrent or both visual principles using classifiers, such as the Fa. TRENNSO-Technik / Weissenhorn. In this case, the feedstock is decomposed into sinking speed classes, so that in each case a metal-rich heavyweight (SG) with the coarser mineral components and 3 or 4 metal-poor light goods (LG) LG1 to LG3 or LG4 arise. The light goods consist almost exclusively of organic components, whereby the products LG1 and LG2 particulate in particular from fibers, foams, foils and wood as well as LG3, if necessary LG4 Plastics and rubber are formed. Starting from the different composition of the resulting products, various recycling options are available (raw material or energy recovery, production of pure plastic granules, mixed plastic granules for blast furnaces, etc.), which require targeted further processing of the organic products produced by aerostroma sorting.

Farther The above object is achieved by a corresponding attachment to Carrying out the solved basic procedural operations. The Investment is characterized by the fact that appropriate funds available are to reprocess the SLF so that a classification in preferably 3 piece size classes possible is, with the fine mineral components of the feed (such as glass, ceramics, concrete, brick, sand) through the loosening and drying, e.g. by means of a drum dryer and / or a Mixing unit with rotating elements, largely completely in the fine material, preferably reach the particle size class <2 mm, and the remaining components (such as plastic, rubber, metals, mineral coarse material) preferably in the piece size classes 2 - 20 mm or> 20 mm, and the classifying products for obtaining the metal contents of a sorting by means of magnetic separation and aero stoves (particle size class <2 mm) or an aerostroma sorting (Sighting of the piece size classes 2 ... 20 mm and> 20 mm).

in the Below, the invention of an embodiment and a figure explained in more detail:

1 shows a treatment process in which a feedstock, in the present case the SLF from the crushing of end-of-life vehicle, mixed and collection scrap of the piece size 0 ... 300 mm, processed.

The material is first by means of a box feeder 1 via a riser of the loosening and drying device 3 , a drum dryer and / or a mixing unit with rotating elements abandoned. If safety-relevant solid parts, thick-walled pieces of metal and coarse stones are still present in the feed stream, they will be produced by using a mixing unit with rotating elements with the help of a heavy particle extractor 2 separated. Subsequently, the SLF of a Siebklassierung means of a Spannwellensiebmaschine 4 subjected first, at a Siebmaschenweite of (18 × 30) mm ^2, a coarse material> 20 mm (mass fraction about 15 ... 20%) and an intermediate product <20 mm. The latter is used to separate the fines content <2 mm of a second Spannwellensiebmaschine 5 with a mesh size of (3 × 10) mm ² fed, which in addition to the mineral-rich fines (mass fraction about 50%) a piece size class 2/20 mm (mass fraction about 30 ... 35%) is formed.

The piece size classes 2/20 mm and> 20 mm will be followed by aero-space sorting using a multi-level zigzag sifter 6 . 7 carried out by different air velocities in the individual stages of view two consisting of fibers, foams, films and wood products, one or two mainly consisting of particulate plastics and rubber products and a metal-rich and the coarser mineral constituents containing product arise. The further processing of the metal-rich products (SG) takes place in the already existing plants for processing the shredder heavy fraction. Subsequent processing of the products LG1, LG2, LG3 and possibly LG4, which consists almost exclusively of organic constituents, is adapted to the respective potential fields of application (raw material or energy recovery, production of single-grade plastic products, mixed plastic granules for blast furnaces, etc.).

The Grain size class <2 mm is for recovery the metal content of an Aeroherd abandoned. The resulting Light goods and the dust product go to recycling, while the Heavy material is fed to a magnetic separator. The latter generates a Fe concentrate that can be used in the blast furnace as well a non-ferrous metal product that is either sold directly can or must be enriched.

1

Feeder / box feeder

2

gravity separators

3

loosening and drying device / drum dryer and / or

mixing unit with rotating elements

4

Screening machine / tension wave screening machine

5

Screening machine / tensioning shaft screening machine for Classification of

intermediate

6

Aero current sorter / zigzag classifier for the sighting of

Size of class + 20 mm

7

Aero current sorter / zigzag classifier for the sighting of

Size of class 2 - 20 mm

8th

Aero stove

9

magnetic separators

10

SG metal-rich product with coarser mineral constituents

11

LG1, LG2 product made of fibers, foams, foils, wood, u. a.

12

LG3, LG4 product of lumpy Plastic and rubber

Claims (16)

Process for the preparation of the shredder light fraction from the treatment of end-of-life vehicle, mixed and collective scrap, characterized in that the shredder light fraction in the onset condition first the processes loosening and drying as well as classification goes through, whereby by the loosening and drying process the secondary entanglements (e.g., by transport and storage processes) of the organic components of the feed, such as Textile fibers, foams, wood, foils, and the fine-grained ones Adhesions solved and the thus released fine mineral components of Feed material, such as Glass, ceramics, concrete, brick, sand, largely completely in the fines and the remaining ingredients, e.g. Plastic, Rubber, metals and the coarser ones mineral constituents, are applied in coarser size classes, and then the classifying products for obtaining the metal contents and the organic components subjected to further treatment become. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that additionally released by the loosening and drying process fine constituents of the feed are predominantly mineral and preferably have the grain size <2 mm. Process according to claims 1 and 2, characterized that's mostly Organic components of the feed preferably piece sizes of 2 - 20 mm and> 20 mm. Method according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized that the loosening and drying of the shredder light fraction in the Seizure state by means of a loosening and drying device, such as e.g. a drum dryer and / or a mixing unit with rotating Elements, takes place. Process according to claims 1 to 4, characterized that the separation of the fine material <2 mm by means of a screening machine preferably after the separation of the Coarse material, e.g. of the size class> 20 mm by means of a another screening machine takes place, at the same time the size class 2 - 20 mm arises. Process according to claims 1 to 5, characterized that the fines <2 mm for recovering the metal content and for producing a material usable mineral product first sorted by Aeroherden and the resulting heavy material subsequently by means of magnetic separation separated into an Fe concentrate and a non-ferrous metal-containing product becomes. Process according to claims 1 to 6, characterized that the coarser Classification products, preferably the size classes 2 - 20 mm and> 20 mm, by means of a 3- or 4-stage Aerostroms sorting, preferably by means of a zig-zag classifier, so in rates of descent be decomposed that 3 or 4 metal arms, largely from organic Components existing light goods (LG1 to LG3 or LG4) arise as well as a metal-rich heavyweight (SG) can be separated, in which the coarser mineral components accumulate. Process according to claims 1 to 7, characterized that the air velocities in the sight stages of the sifter for the Production of 3 or 4 light goods so chosen be that 2 Products (LG1 and LG2) arise from fibers, foams, films and wood, as well as 1 or 2 products (LG3 and LG4), respectively all lumpy Plastics and rubber included. Process according to claims 1 to 8, characterized that the further treatment of the largely only organic Components of compound products (LG1 to LG3 or LG4) geared to the specific needs of recyclers. Plant for carrying out a process according to claims 1 to 9, characterized by a feed device with a downstream loosening and drying device ( 3 ), which has a screening machine ( 4 ), which produces a coarse and an intermediate product, - wherein the intermediate product of another screening machine ( 5 ), and - the coarse material of the screening machine ( 4 ) an aerosol sorter ( 6 ), in which, in the individual grading stages, products of lumpy plastic and rubber (LG3), of fibers, foam, foils, wood and others (LG1, LG2) and a metal-rich product (SG) with coarser mineral constituents are formed, - the fine material the screening machine ( 5 ) on aero herds ( 8th ) is further processed into a light material, a dust product and a heavy cargo, - wherein the heavy material is a magnetic separator ( 9 ) which deposits an Fe concentrate and a non-ferrous metal-containing product, and - the coarse material of the screening machine ( 5 ) an aerosol sorter ( 7 ), which separates a metal-rich product with coarser mineral constituents (SG), two products made of fibers, foam, films, wood and others (LG1, LG2) and possibly two products made of lumpy plastic and rubber (LG3, possibly LG4). Plant according to claim 10, characterized in that the task unit ( 1 ) represents a box feeder. Installation according to claims 10 and 11, characterized in that the loosening and drying device ( 3 ) represents a drum dryer and / or a mixing unit with rotating elements. Plant according to claims 10 to 12, characterized in that a heavy particle reader ( 2 ) for reading out thick-walled metal pieces and larger stones is connected upstream when a mixing unit with rotating elements as loosening and drying device ( 3 ) is used. Plant according to claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the screening machine ( 4 . 5 ) represents a Spannwellensiebmaschine. Plant according to claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the aerosolizer ( 6 . 7 ) represents a three- or four-stage zig-zag sifter. Use of the in the treatment of end-of-life vehicles, Mixed and collected scrap resulting fine material according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the largely metal-free fines, preferably the piece size class <2 mm, material is recycled.