DE102007029498A1 - Processing plastic-containing waste from mechanical-biological plants for extracting plastic products, comprises crushing the waste in a processing module, where the coarse material is led to aeroflow sorting - Google Patents

Abstract

The method for processing plastic-containing waste from mechanical-biological plants, in which domestic refuse, bulky refuse and industrial refuse are processed for extracting plastic products, which is suitable for further processing in a dieselization plant, comprises crushing the waste into less than 180 mm with subsequent classification in a first processing module, where the coarse material is led to aeroflow sorting, in which textiles and paper develop as lightweight plastic film and wood, stones and metal develop as heavy thick-walled plastic. The method for processing plastic-containing waste from mechanical-biological plants, in which domestic refuse, bulky refuse and industrial refuse are processed for extracting plastic products, which is suitable for further processing in a dieselization plant, comprises crushing the waste into less than 180 mm with subsequent classification in a first processing module, where the coarse material is led to aeroflow sorting, in which textiles and paper develop as lightweight plastic film and wood, stones and metal develop as heavy thick-walled plastic, subjecting the heavy material to aeroflow sorting with simultaneous magnetic separation to develop a fine and/or weak magnetic steel component and a lightweight material, leading the lightweight material to a sieve classification, whose coarse material is supplied as raw material to a second processing module, and adjusting the plastic-containing products already processed in the first processing module or mechanical-biological plants, in the second processing module in the requirements of raw materials through a material drying, a magnetic separation and a special conditioning of the plastic-containing material, after which the further processing of the plastic-containing material is carried out. In the magnetic separation, steel parts and non-ferrous metals are removed from external feed stocks. The two processing modules are separately or consecutively used depending on lumpiness and material composition of the feed-stock. The sieve classification is carried out by a drum sieve machine of 40 mm after crushing. The fine material of the sieve classification of less than 40 mm is led to rotting, fermentation or disposal. The heavy material of the aeroflow sorting is subjected to the magnetic separation for bearing rough steel portions. The process is carried out by the aeroflow sorting with the magnetic separation for separating light material, heavy material and fine iron and/or weak magnetic component. The target material is separated in a magnetic drum separator (1), which is upstreamed to a glass nozzle (3). The heavy material downwardly falls and delivers above the magnetic drum. The magnetic product is separated from the magnetic drum separator. The lightweight material is delivered by air-jet sifter in a direction and/or over the magnetic drum. The lightweight material is subjected to the sieve classification into 60-40 mm after the aeroflow sorting with the magnetic separation. The drying is upstreamed to the crushing of 60 mm. The special conditioning is downstreamed to the sieve classification of 5 mm. The fine material of the sieve classification is led to dieselization. The coarse material is led back for special conditioning. Independent claims are included for: (1) a plant for processing plastic-containing waste from mechanical-biological plants for extracting plastic products, which is suitable for further processing in a dieselization plant; (2) a magnetic drum separator for separating steel parts and alloy of weak magnetic steel part from a material flow; and (3) a tube vibrating mill for conditioning and crushing plastic-containing products from mechanical-biological plants.

Description

The The invention relates to a process for the preparation of plastics-containing Waste according to the features of the first claim, a system and devices for carrying out the method.

The Invention is suitable for the treatment of waste containing plastic such as household, commercial and bulky waste, lightweight packaging (LVP) or other plastic-containing treatment products, eg. B. from mechanical biological systems (MBA). Purpose of the treatment It should be that the plastic-containing waste for raw material recovery, in particular in Verdießelungsanlagen, suitable.

It are a variety of methods, equipment and devices for Processing of valuable waste known. There an elimination of untreated waste containing valuable substances was banned by the legislator in the 2005 Landfill Ordinance, is the recycler or landfill operator usually facing the problem the waste in question in terms of its material Characterize the composition, the remaining valuable contents determine and approaches for their separation to formulate. These are extensive procedural investigations required, from which then a corresponding treatment process results.

In DE 103 29 946 B4 are described a method and an apparatus for the separation of cable and wire parts from wire / cable-containing plastic waste, in which it is important to remove the process of the automatic Klaubung the residual metal contents disturbing wire / cable parts from the waste product and then as a valuable material to feed separate treatment stages.

In DE 31 28 559 C2 is a device for the coarse crushing of household waste with a horizontal conveyor and arranged above it, vertically movably mounted and circumferentially driven about a horizontal axis crushing roller described, with which the coarse crushing of household waste takes place, the impact tools are designed as hinged to the crushing roller, narrow hammers. The device has the disadvantage that abrasive components and massive foreign bodies, eg. As very large steel parts that may be contained in domestic, restricted or commercial waste, which wear with high peripheral speeds crushing tools wear heavily, which requires a costly maintenance and possibly leads to a standstill or damage to the system, with a previous removal Although advantageous, but often too expensive or not possible.

DE-OS 2 254 844 describes a method and apparatus for the treatment of refuse and other wastes using shredders whereby the wastes are fully wet milled in their fullest composition. For reasons of reducing energy consumption and minimizing wear, tubular ball mills are used for grinding, with the comminution products subsequently being dehydrated for further utilization and possibly even having to be dried in an energy-consuming manner.

DE 25 16 014 C3 describes a shredder for waste of various kinds, which are claimed by means of impact bars as impact tools at high rotor peripheral speeds. Such comminution machines are particularly suitable for the selective comminution of brittle components in waste heaps and are especially in the presence of metallic components, eg. B. large steel pieces or large, coarse, difficult to crush material so that the crushing tools do not wear too quickly or have to be replaced prematurely. A crushing of non-brittle components, z. B. the plastic contents, however, practically does not take place, because the stress due to lack of Austragsroste is too low.

In DE 43 06 781 A1 a method and a plant for the preparation of plastic-rich waste mixtures is described, with various automatic processing stages including special sorting serve to realize the recovery of unmixed plastic products from the complex composite feed materials. For this purpose, the processes of manual sorting, comminution, air classification, metal separation, density sorting, size reduction and dispersion are combined with each other in accordance with the present preparation task. As crushing units are only versions with cutting / shearing basic stress (rotary shears, granulators) are used, with metal-containing or hard brittle components (glass, ceramic / porcelain, stones) lead to extreme signs of wear on the crushing tools.

DE-OS 2 101 739 describes a method for processing a composite of several different components good for the recovery of metal fractions from cable waste. Since the non-brittle plastic sheaths of the cable usually can not be crushed by an impact stress, the way is a selective embrittlement of the plastics by means of liquefied gases, eg. For example, nitrogen gone whose economic use is questionable.

As is known, put the household, block and commercial waste by means of mechanical-biological plants (MBA) obtained, containing plastic Waste is a valuable raw material that is suitable for example, as a substitute fuel in gasification or incineration plants to be used (energetic utilization). Becoming lately Such plastic waste for the purpose of feedstock Utilization intensified also as feed material in Verdieselungsanlagen used, with the plastic in an oil bath at 300-400 ° C. dissolved and to a tar oil or diesel raw material can be converted. This assumes, however, that the plastic-containing Goods to be delivered have a defined quality (composition) and a defined particle size or particle surface that demonstrates the dissolution process in a hot oil bath promote.

It is therefore an object of the invention, a method and devices for the treatment of waste containing plastic, in particular from mechanical-biological plants, for the production of high quality To develop plastic products that can be converted into raw materials, are particularly suitable in Verdießelungsanlagen.

These The object is achieved by a method according to the features of the first claim, a Plant according to claim 9 and devices for carrying it out solved the method.

under claims give advantageous embodiments of methods and devices again.

The inventive method provides that plastic-containing Waste, for example from domestic / blocked, commercial waste as well as lightweight packaging in a first process module or as Product of an MBT plant immediately in a second process module can be edited, where for lumpy Original material, the first method module is relevant and for high quality, small piece Good, for example <40 mm or 40 to 60 mm the second process module is relevant.

Lumpy Good can first undergo pre-shredding to <180 mm be, preferably by means of a rotary shear. Thereafter, a first sieve classification, which preferably in a drum screen can be carried out. It is advantageous, this Siebklassierung at Siebmaschenweiten of 40 or 180 mm, because the fines <40 mm then predominantly mineral and organic components, but contains only a small amount of plastics and a post-rotting Be fed to fermentation or landfill can, while the highly plastic product 40-180 mm is the input material for an aerostroma sorting. The Coarse material> 180 mm returned back to the Vorzerkleinerungsstufe.

Advantageous is it the aerostroma sorting by means of a cross-flow sifter perform. The lightweight material of Aerostromsortierung is depending on the content of plastic films separately recycled or, depending on the size of the piece if necessary the Nachzerkleinerungs- or conditioning stage of the second module fed while the heavy cargo consisting of thick-walled plastics, wood, stones or metals the process stage magnetic separation from the coarse iron fractions as well a combined aero - magnet sorting with magnetic separation of the fine Fe portions is released. The novel apparatus for aerostroma sorting with magnetic separation is used in connection with the devices for Implementation of the method explained.

While the wood, stones and the non-ferrous heavy metals containing the Aerostromsortierung with Magnetic separation is fed to a separate recycling, the light material passes through a second Siebklassierstufe, For example, a double deck Müllsiebmaschine, wherein it is advantageous if the Siebmaschenweite of a screen deck about 60 mm and the Siebmaschenweite the second screen deck is about 40 mm.

The resulting classifying product> 60 mm can be a post-shredding, for example in a granulator, be subjected. Comparatively clean plastic mixtures, the in unit sizes between 40 and 60 mm incurred, can be fed immediately to the second process module and separately or together with the product from the first process module are processed.

The In addition, first-time goods will become one Drying process, for example by means of a vibratory dryer, subjected.

There Module 2 also processes external plastic-containing products You must be able to do this with the help of sorting processes Magnetic separation and eddy current sorting of residual contents of steel and Non-ferrous metals are released. For this process it is advantageous Use drum magnetic separators and eddy current separators. That so obtained largely metal-free, plastic-containing Good must finally a Gutkonditionierung by means of tube vibration mill subject to a special, hereinafter used extensively described tubular vibratory mill becomes.

It is advantageous to subject the material conditioned in the tubular vibratory mill to a third sieve classification whose mesh size should be about 3-15 mm, preferably 5 mm. It is also advantageous to use a Spannwellensiebmaschine. The coarse material> 5 mm is returned to the conditioning aggregate or alternative recycling options. The fine material <5 mm can be supplied for further utilization of a Verdieselungsanlage, the product of the Verdieselung, for example, in a combined heat and power plant, is used to generate electricity.

The inventive method has the advantage that from plastic-containing waste, in particular from the plastic-containing Treatment products of mechanical-biological plants, a plastic component can be obtained, which are suitable for use in particular in Verdießelungsanlagen is.

An advantageous plant for carrying out the method is in 1 shown schematically.

The 2 to 4 show plant components for carrying out the process.

The 2 shows a preferred embodiment of a magnetic drum separator 1 for separating both one 7 Heavy as well as the fine or weakly magnetic 8th Steel shares from a good stream 15 , from which the heavier steel parts were removed by magnetic separation in the first module. Between a feeding device 5 . 9 and a magnetic drum 4 is a tuyere 3 arranged. The feeding devices 5 . 9 for the good flow 15 can a task band 5 and a vibratory chute 9 represent. The good 15 passes over the vibrating chute 9 on a parabola in the airstream 2 the sight unit, with the tuyere 3 ensures that specifically lighter material in the direction of the rotating magnetic drum 4 distracted and about this in the designed as a relaxation room Sichtcontainer 14 is transported while the heavy cargo 7 over the separating plate 6 falls on the discharge conveyor. Fine iron and other weak magnetic parts 8th stay with the magnetic drum 4 stick and become at the baffle 6 over discharged by Austragsband. The magnetic drum 4 can be designed both as a permanent magnet and as Wechselpolmagnetsystem. In the relaxation room 14 the plastic-containing light material falls out of the classifying air onto the discharge conveyor 12 , The separation medium is after the magnetic drum 4 as a classifier exhaust 10 aspirated from the relaxation room and leaves the viewing container 14 , The classifier exhaust 10 can leave the room a filter 11 happen. The magnetic drum 4 is both in their height and in their distance to the angle-adjustable sifter nozzle 3 adjustable. The additional control possibility of the classifying air flow ensures that the device and thus the method can be optimally adapted to the material to be separated.

By This device succeeds in the first module, the heavy cargo of Aerostroms sorting into three products to separate. It is special advantageous, the coarse heavy material and after the overband magnetic separator fine Fe components remaining in the material flow and weak magnetic components, z. B. alloyed steels which disturbing in the further process act as they wear out the crushing tools lead to remove.

Required It is still to find a device with the basic conditioning plastic waste, d. H. the preparation of the goods to the requirements of the subsequent feedstock Utilization stage, z. B. the Verdieselung be performed can.

These Solution sees a pipe vibratory mill for conditioning recyclable waste, in particular of plastic waste from mechanical-biological plants, before, being a tubular Grinding chamber provided with a task and a discharge opening is the one in comparison to the grinding chamber diameter very large opening width having. This opening width can be 20 to 70% of the diameter of the tubular grinding space, with 40 to 60% are advantageous and 45 to 55% proved to be particularly advantageous to have. The openings for the task and discharge of the goods can be square, rectangular or round.

Farther are comparatively in the interior of the tubular grinding chamber long rods used that are 80-98% of the length of the tubular body can assume. These may be round or steel tubes, it has proved to be particularly advantageous if the rods or Tubes are mostly straight and similar to a profile of Moniereisen (concrete reinforcement) are executed. Advantageous is it when the tubular or rod-shaped Body have a round cross-section, the ratio between the diameter of the bars / tubes and the tubular one Grinding space can be 1: 5 to 1:50.

The solution dispenses with devices which are directed to separating the millbase and grinding media filling before leaving the mill. This is due to the rod length also not possible, so that the ground material, after it has been claimed in the tubular grinding chamber, this can leave unhindered after its transport to the discharge. As a result of a defined vibration excitation cause the rods, which can occupy 20 to 60% of the Mahlraumvolumens in the Mahlrauminninnen a pressure-shear stress with rubbing and beating components, wherein the plastic slowly softens at operating temperature of the tube vibrating mill, formed into slab, coin-shaped parts and carried by the Impurities in the waste material practically zer will break.

Farther it has proved to be advantageous that the tube vibrating mill with an amplitude between 5 to 12 mm, preferably 8 mm. The oscillation frequency can be 15 ... 50 Hz.

The following is the solution in the 3 and 4 illustrated and explained in more detail.

The figures show the tube vibrating mill according to the invention in two views. The tubular grinding chamber 25 has a task opening 16 and a discharge opening 17 on whose opening width 18 50% of the diameter 19 of the tubular grinding space 25 is. The rods arranged inside 20 made of round material have a length 21 of about 95% to the length 22 of the tubular grinding space 25 on.

With the tube mill of this kind it is possible valuable waste mixtures with predominantly non-brittle Material behavior, in particular plastic-containing waste, continuously and without the aid of embrittlement agents (eg liquid gases) to be crushed and reshaped, that further processing as part of a raw material recovery is readily possible without getting the aggregate added.

1

Magnetic drum separator in the visual container

2

Sichterzuluft

3

glass nozzle

4

magnetic drum

5

feed belt

6

Divider

7

heavy material

8th

discharge small Fe and other weak magnetic parts

9

vibration channel

10

Sichterabluft

11

filter

12

conveyor belt for plastic-containing light goods

13

plastic containing Leichtgut

14

view container

15

Aufgabegutstrom

16

loading port

17

discharge

18

opening width

19

diameter of 25

20

grinding rod

21

length of the grinding rod

22

length of 25

23

Profile of the grinding rod 20

24

Mahlstabdurchmesser

25

tubular grinding chamber

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 10329946 B4 [0004]
• - DE 3128559 C2 [0005]
• - DE 2254844 A [0006]
• - DE 2516014 C3 [0007]
• - DE 4306781 A1 [0008]
• - DE 2101739 A [0009]

Claims (25)

A process for the treatment of waste containing plastics, in particular from mechanical-biological plants, in which household, bulky and industrial waste is processed, for obtaining a plastic product, which is suitable for further processing, preferably in a Verdieselungsanlage, characterized by - two process modules, the depending on the lumpiness and the material composition of the feed material to find successive or separate application, - with a first process module, in which a shredding of plastic-containing waste <180 mm followed by classification, the coarse material is an aerostroma sorting supplied in the as light material Plastic films, textiles and paper and heavies heavy-walled plastics, wood, stone and metal arise - the heavy cargo is subjected to an aerostroma sorting with simultaneous magnetic separation, in which a heavy, a fine or weak magnetic steel component and e arise in light goods and the light material is fed to a sieve classification, the coarse material is fed as a starting material to a second process module, a second process module for adaptation already in module 1 or MBA of processed plastic-containing products to the requirements of a z. B. raw material recovery with - a Guttrocknung, - a magnetic separation, are deposited in the fine steel parts and non-ferrous metals from external feed and - a special conditioning of the plastic-containing recyclables, after which the further processing of the plastic-containing recyclables takes place. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the sieve classification after the pre-shredding by means of trommel screen at 40 mm. Process according to claims 1 and 2, characterized characterized in that the fines of the sieve classification <40 mm of a rotting, Fermentation or landfill is supplied. Process according to claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that the heavy material of the Aerostromsortierung subjected to a magnetic separation to withstand the coarse steel components becomes. Method according to claim 1, characterized by a Aerostroms sorting with magnetic separation for the separation of light goods, Heavy goods and a fine Fe or weak magnetic component, marked by - the task of being separated Good on a magnetic drum gauge, the one glass nozzle is upstream - Where the heavy goods in front of the magnetic drum falls down and is discharged, - the Magnetic product separated from the magnetic drum separator and - the Light goods by means of a visual air jet in the direction or over the magnetic drum is discharged. Process according to claims 1 to 5, characterized characterized in that the lightweight material after Aerostromsortierung subjected with magnetic separation to a sieve classification at 60 and 40 mm and the fines <40 mm of a rotting, fermentation or landfill supplied becomes. Process according to claims 1 to 6, characterized characterized in that the drying is a comminution to <50-80 mm, preferably 60 mm upstream. Process according to claims 1 to 7, characterized characterized in that the special conditioning is a sieve classification at 3-15 mm, preferably 5 mm downstream. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that that the fines of the Siebklassierung a Verdieselung supplied and returned the coarse material to special conditioning becomes. Annex to carry out a method according to to claims 1 to 9, characterized by - one Pre-shredding <180 mm in a rotary shear, - a sieve classification in a trommel screen, - an aerostroma sorting in a cross-flow sifter, the magnetic separation by means of an overband magnetic separator, an aero-magnet sorting with magnetic separation by means of a magnetic drum sight with magnet rotor, - a second sieve classification with a double deck refuse screening machine, - one further comminution in a granulator, - one Drying in a vibratory dryer, - Magnetic separation / eddy current sorting in an eddy current separator with upstream drum magnetic separator, - one Good conditioning by means of tube vibrating mill and - one Screen classification by means of a tension wave screening machine. Magnetic drum judge ( 1 ) for separating smaller ( 7 ) Steel parts and alloyed, weak magnetic ( 8th ) Steel parts from a material flow ( 15 ) in a process according to claims 1 to 9 and a plant according to claim 10, characterized by - a blowing nozzle ( 3 ) between a task tion ( 5 . 9 ) and a magnetic drum ( 4 ), - a separating plate ( 6 ) for separating the heavy material ( 7 ) below the free space between feeding device ( 5 . 9 ) and magnetic drum ( 4 ), - another separating plate ( 6 ) below the magnetic drum ( 4 ) for separating small steel particles and alloyed, weakly magnetic steel parts and - a conveyor belt ( 12 ) for discharging the plastic-containing light goods ( 13 ) after the magnetic drum ( 4 ). Magnetic drum separator according to claim 11, characterized in that the system ( 1 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 9 . 12 ) in a visual container ( 14 ) with a filter ( 11 ) is arranged. Magnetic drum separator according to claims 11 and 12, characterized in that the magnetic drum ( 4 ) represents a permanent magnet system. Magnetic drum separator according to claims 11 and 12, characterized in that the magnetic drum ( 4 ) represents a Wechselpolmagnetsystem. Magnetic drum separator according to claims 13 and 14, characterized in that the magnetic drum ( 4 ) in the direction of the tuyere ( 3 ) and is adjustable in height. Magnetic drum separator according to claims 13 and 14, characterized in that the blowing nozzle ( 3 ) is angularly adjustable. Pipe rolling mill for conditioning and crushing of waste containing valuable material, in particular of plastic-containing products from mechanical-biological systems, which are provided for further raw material recovery as valuable material, for example in gasification, incineration or Verdieselungsanlagen, in a method according to claims 1 to 9 and A plant according to claim 10, characterized by - a tubular grinding chamber ( 25 ) with a task ( 16 ) and a discharge opening ( 17 ) whose opening width ( 18 ) about 20 to 70% of the diameter ( 19 ) of the tubular grinding chamber ( 25 ) and - bars ( 20 ) inside the tubular grinding chamber ( 25 ) whose length ( 21 ) 80 to 98% of the length ( 22 ) of the tubular grinding chamber ( 25 ) is. Pipe rolling mill according to claim 16, characterized in that the opening width ( 18 ) of task ( 16 ) And discharge opening ( 17 ) 40 to 60, preferably 45 to 55%, of the diameter ( 19 ) of the tubular grinding chamber ( 25 ) is. Tubular vibration mill according to claims 16 and 17, characterized in that the object ( 16 ) And discharge opening ( 17 ) are square, rectangular or round. Pipe rolling mill according to claims 16 to 17, characterized in that a plurality of tubular grinding spaces ( 25 ) are arranged side by side, one above the other or one after the other. Pipe rolling mill according to claims 16 to 17, characterized in that the rods ( 20 ) straight, with a profile ( 23 ) are executed on their surface and of a steel alloy. Pipe rolling mill according to claims 16 to 20, characterized in that the interior of the tubular body ( 25 ) with a volume of 20 to 60% with bars ( 20 ) is filled. Pipe rolling mill according to claims 16 to 21, characterized in that the ratio of rod diameter ( 24 ) to the diameter ( 29 ) of the tubular body ( 25 ) is between 1: 5 to 1:50. Pipe rolling mill according to the claims 16 to 22, characterized in that the device with a Amplitude between 5 to 12 mm, preferably 8 mm, operated. Pipe rolling mill according to the claims 16 to 23, characterized in that the device with a Frequency of 15 ... 50 Hz, preferably 25 Hz is operated.