DE19911010A1 - Plant and method for the use of shredder waste o. The like. Composite materials and use of a rotor impact mill - Google Patents

Abstract

A plant for the recycling of shredder o. The like. Metal-containing composites is provided with a - an impact mill upstream - metal separator and an impact mill following Wirbelstromscheider provided which is connected to at least one return line to the impact mill. Between this and the eddy current separator is a separator, which is also connected by a return line with the impact mill. In addition, the impact mill should be arranged downstream of at least one metal separator - in particular an iron separator. The metal separators are bypassed for recycling non-metal composites.

Description

The invention relates to a system and a method for the utilization of Shredder waste od. Like. Composite materials, in particular for the treatment of Remains from old cars. In addition, the invention covers a use of a Rotor impact mill.

When disposing of end-of-life vehicles, the end-of-life vehicle regulation prescribes a possible highest utilization. The waste to be disposed of should currently 25% by weight to max. 15% by weight of the end-of-life vehicle until the year 2002 and on only 5% by weight will be reduced by 2015. Despite this Randbe At present, the largest share of shredder waste is still landed in landfills or is - in recent times - sporadically in the rubbish for household designed waste incineration plants.

Attempts to recover shredder waste are in the past always failed at the cost. Also currently in preparation recycling operations are neither part of today's landfill sites the incinerator prices competitive.

In 1995, the number of units in Germany amounted to disposal pending end of life cars to about 2.8 million. In addition, from an export amount of approved old motor vehicles of about 1 million the. With a car weight of 920 kg and an average Ent acceptance rate of 18.5% (170 kg) for engine, starter, gearbox, Lichtma machine, wheels, tires, fluids and batteries Old car weight of 750 kg.

The composition of the motor vehicles is - in material content of the empty weight of a passenger car - exemplified in the following table:

This composition changes over time in the way that the steel share decreases at the expense of non-ferrous metals and plastics.

Steel scrap - about 1.3 million tonnes - has a high content of about 95% Fe Purity and is a sought after product for the iron and steel industry. At present, potentially up to 240 kg of shredder steel scrap per ton, Use crude steel; however, this share can still be increased.

From the shredder heavy fraction usually the non-ferrous metals (NE) are recovered in eddy current separators, air separation tables or swimming-sink systems. The non-ferrous heavy fraction of about 115,000 t / a contains on average

• - 41% aluminum;
• - 5% copper;
• - 29% zinc;
• - 2% lead;
• - 23% other metals and impurities

The smelting of secondary material is i. d. R. without loss of quality possible Lich and state of the art. Falling world market prices are u. a. frequently This is the reason why only the aluminum contents of shredderbe drivers are directly recovered and the rest in the landfill Freight remains or is exported for reprocessing.  

The abge during comminution of car bodies by air classifier materials such as plastics, rubber, wood, textiles, foams, Soil, glass and stones etc. are mainly the shredder waste (SHL); About 25% of the total input should come from SHL. Both the Material composition as well as the grain size is very inhomogeneous and subject to strong fluctuations. The fine fraction of the SHL is not sor viable and has a share of about 50% in the SHL. Add to that nor the filter dusts of the actual shredder and the discharged Lightweight materials from the treatment of heavy materials, so in 1995 about 472,000 t / a and 1997 still about 322,000 t / a mainly landfilled were.

In order to produce as clean as possible heavy material, it is not enough that By means of air classification in particular small and flat metals (Aluminum or stainless steel sheets) are discharged with the air flow. Also copper wire pieces or other metals that are due to their shape in the soft textiles and foams, are often unge want to take part.

As inhomogeneous as the material composition of the shredder waste are also the disposal routes. Not least because of the high residual metal content between 12 to 17% and the predominantly organic content, but also because of the additionally introduced into the shredder waste problem substances make the disposal and recycling of shredder waste extremely difficult. In most cases the problem substances are:

• - polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB): 1 to 12 mg / kg
• - polyaromatic hydrocarbons. (PAH) 10 to 200 mg / kg
• - other hydrocarbons (HC) 10 to 40 mg / kg.

Despite these burdens, the deposit of shredder waste is currently the source of the most common disposal practice. Depending on the load with PCB and KW the shredder waste is sent to the household waste or special waste landfill calculates and deposits. Due to sufficient existing landfill capa - especially in the east - and sharply lower deposit charges The economic pressure for the development of alternatives in the last has Years decreased.  

The requirements of the TA waste and the TA municipal waste can by the untreated shredder waste is not complied with; especially the Content of organic carbon is within the limits without pretreatment this administrative provision.

The deposition of shredder waste has been known to cause the following problems:

• - by self-heating, with the metallic iron correlate, there were several landfill fires;
• - by aerobic or anaerobic degradation of the organic Dry matter are gaseous emissions of methane, Released hydrogen and the carcinogenic vinyl chloride;
• - in particular by about 7% in shredder waste ent held polyurethanes are up to 1.5 kg CFC 11 per ton Shredder residue emitted.

The shredder light fraction is suitable with a calorific value of about 11,000 kJ / kg especially good for thermal utilization. The other ver combustion-relevant parameters of the SHL - such as ash content of 55%, Metal content up to 17% and the heavy metal content - are also in household-like orders of magnitude, so that the firing in Domestic waste incineration plants offers.

In summary, it can be said that the combustion of unbehan shredder waste is possible. The still contained metals influence sen the flue gas cleaning negative, the high ash content by the vast majority The lower mineral fraction makes the combustion process more expensive and increases the disposal costs for the increasingly accumulating slags.

Only the fine fraction of Shredderschwerabfälle is partially from the Shredder operators - but mainly from external conditioners - be is working. After screening the heavy fraction on i. d. R. <12 to 16 mm this will be about 15 to 20% NE-rich cargo via air separation tables partially enriched again. Subsequently, in swimming Sinks the metals separated by wet mechanical. This procedure verur gently i. d. R. high processing costs and also has the disadvantage of Me  High losses due to oxidation and the increase in weight due to higher Water content of the fraction to be deposited.

So-called wet processes are known in the art of processing technology, which hitherto have been used only for separating the shredder heavy fraction into non-ferrous metals and a rubber-rich fraction for recycling in the cement industry. In these wet processes, the treatment leads to a predominantly inorganic heavy fraction and to several organic fractions with different characteristics (eg light and heavy, chlorine-rich or chlorine-poor). Here are the targeted material separation on iron, magnesium, aluminum and heavy metals iw as process steps, the magnetic separation (Fe fraction), the screening and the floating-sinking carried out with the aim of the following separable fractions for material or energetic use to obtain:

• - organic light fraction (eg foils, foams etc.);
• - organic heavy fraction with low chlorine content;
• - organic heavy fraction;
• - mineral materials and iron-free SHL fine fraction.

The essential plant in the wet process is the so-called swimming pool Sinkanlage. There are with separating liquids of different densities the different materials in terms of their different specific Weights separated. The expenditure on equipment is due to the many Ancillary facilities such as washing cycles and treatment equipment or production of separating liquids high. The investments are in same plant size about twice as high as in the dry process. The materials contained as copper cables must then be re-used by z. B. cutting mills are separated from the insulation. Further Disadvantages are the loss of material due to oxidation and the Moisture absorption of the materials and thus in the reduction of Calorific value and the increase in landfill freight.  

The known dry process can be according to their achievable Divide product qualities into low and high-tech processes. In the latter With the individual process steps, the following enrichments of the original SHL input achieved: a higher organic, high calorific value Fraction and a higher mineral, low calorific fraction. The high Tech methods are divided i. w. into the process steps of sieving, the Pre-shredding, magnetic separation (Fe metals), eddy current separation (Non-ferrous metals), the main crushing as well as a subsequent sieving and sifting (high calorific fraction, mineral-rich fraction, copper and optionally other non-ferrous metals). In addition, further process steps are possible the about the high calorific fraction in a chlorine-enriched and a Separate chlorine-depleted fraction, or the high calorific fraction pellet by means of coal or sewage sludge admixtures.

The o. G. Procedures that represent the high-tech process have been incorporated into a study rated as follows:

From today's perspective, high-tech processes seem to be a viable basis but are for a short-term realization of a SHL treatment so far due to lack of profitability, unsecured input and uncertain sales of usable fractions on an industrial scale unworkable; Profitability calculations show that the Dry processes can not cover costs, as the costs well above today's (constantly falling) landfill prices and with of a reprocessing plant have to compete.

In the. so-called low-tech process, the expenditure on equipment is clear less than the high-tech process. With waiver or reduced Number of crushing, screening or Sichterstufen results in a higher Proportion of mineral-rich fraction and at the same time a smaller proportion of high calorific fraction. Also, only minor amounts of Fe and NE Recovered metals. Due to the comparatively simpler Treatment technology results in a lower total Depletion in the generated fractions. So contains the high-calorific Coarse fraction comparatively higher inorganic fractions than in the case of Tech method and the mineral fraction higher proportions high calorific fraction. The high calorific fraction is in France used for energy recovery. From German shredder operators  similarly operated plant configurations see the landfill of Fe and non-ferrous metals have been discharged from coarse fractions.

The basic process steps of the low-tech process include the Sieving, comminution and magnetic separation (Fe metals), the Eddy current separation (non-ferrous metals) and the comminution of high calorific fraction.

In knowledge of this prior art, the inventor has the goal ge sets the still contained residual metals partially sorted zurückgewin and waste with a proven and very cost-effective - however Non-industry-specific processing technology in three material streams transform and thus use them thermally and materially. The minerali The political group should be free of organic substances and even among the new ones Landfill regulations expected to start in 2005 "Technical instructions municipal waste" (TASI) deposited or in civil engineering can be recycled.

To solve this task leads the doctrine of the independent claims; the dependent claims indicate favorable developments. In addition, fall within the scope of the invention, all combinations at least two of the in the description, the drawing and / or the Claims disclosed features.

A plant according to the invention for the recycling of shredder waste - od. Like. Metal-containing composites as a treated has at least an an impact mill upstream metal separator and one of Impinging mill following device for the deposition of non-ferrous metals on. Between the impact crusher - especially a horizontal one Rotor Impact Mill - and the NE- formed by an eddy current separator Deposition should be provided a sifter; Eddy current separator and / or Classifiers should be connected to the impact crusher through a return line become.

As low, it has been proven, the impact mill at least one Metallabscheider - especially an iron separator - nachordnen.  

For recovery of non-metal composites follows the impact mill a sifter, and to this includes an eddy current separator, wherein both classifiers and eddy current separators each having at least one Return line are connected to the impact mill.

In both process lines is advantageously the particular as Wind sifter trained classifier preceded by a coarse filter, whose Grobaustrag a return line to the impact mill is.

According to a further feature of the invention leads at least one Derivation of the Wirbelstromscheiders to a screening machine with an upper Discharge for a coarse fraction and a lower discharge for a Fine fraction.

In this inventively provided recovery plant for RESH * the recovery of the metals and the separation of the remaining ones Material flows into an inert landfill and a high calorific value Combustion freight - problems arising during landfill untreated waste can not play a significant role more. In the treatment of composites in the inventive Plant is the composite separation and the best possible pure extraction the individual fractions in the foreground.

According to a feature of the invention, the materials are according to their Consistency - eg. B. Fe content - and their dimensions first for example, pre-shredded on a rotary shear or a granulator. The size reduction stage must be particularly important for composites (VEST) be chosen so that massive Fe parts with a downstream Eisenabscheider be pulled out and the rotor impact mill or their can not damage the hard-hitting impact tools. The Shredder waste requires i. d. R. no pre-shredding, but should likewise for securing the rotor impact used according to the invention mill upstream of a magnetic separator.

The material is centric from the top onto an accelerator plate of the Ro Torpralmühle abandoned and by an extremely high peripheral speed centrifugal force of up to 70 m / s. With this force that hits Material on horseshoe racket and is against other rackets, against himself  itself or thrown against a baffle. Between baffle and Horseshoe racket is a gap adjustable by spacers, which is the crushed material fall down through a chute leaves.

Depending on the material used, the gap selected and the circumference traveled Speed you get a material-specific grain size, which is usually can be between zero and about half the task size.

In the case of the abovementioned materials, according to the invention, the following different matrial behavior can occur in one pass of the rotor impact mill:

MATERIAL BEHAVIOR AL = L <copper and brass composites: Cables with and without insulation, cable connections etc. Digestion, Verkugelung or Knäulbildung aluminum composites Digestion and Verkugelung lead clumping PCBs Digestion, Verkugelung of non-ferrous metals plastics slightly influenced to partially crushed Wood slightly influenced to partially crushed rubber slightly influenced to partially crushed foams slightly influenced to partially crushed stones micronized earth micronized Glass, porcelain micronized

The effects can be enhanced by increasing the number of machine passes. By processing the shredder waste and composites in the rotor impact mill iw the following materials can be obtained:

• - ferrous metals;
• - non-ferrous metals;
• - a high-caloric, low-slag fraction used as a substitute fuel is used;  
• - a mineral-inert fraction as landfill or Deponieabdeckmaterial.

In addition to low processing costs, the rotor impact mill adapted to the abovementioned input materials has the following additional advantages:

• Low energy consumption (about 6 kW / 1 t / h throughput);
• - low emissions, such. B. noise, waste heat;
• - no additional conveying or cooling air necessary, which subsequently should be dedusted;
• - low space requirements (about 1 m ^2/20 kW installed power);
• - very long service life;
• - Ductile metals such as copper and aluminum are carbonated and can thus be better separated afterwards;
• - insensitive to hard and abrasive materials;
• - Single-stage comminution without pre-shredding possible;
• - impact breakage instead of cutting crushing;
• - unsweetened faction can be abandoned.

First, the light components such as foams, lint, wood, Plastics etc. pulled upwards by an air classifier. you go initially as a high-caloric and ash-poor fraction in the thermal Recycling to a cogeneration plant. Depending on the input material, the proportion between 40 and 50%. Depending on the requirement, this fraction separately reworked either via the impact mill or otherwise become.

Heavy fraction with metals and mineral cargo falls down and is fed to a Wirbelstromscheider, ie especially for shredder waste and electronic scrap Rotor impact mills is connected downstream. Here a machine must be used which have particular advantages for smaller (0 to 4 mm) grits having. This task can be achieved by a special Feinpolscheider realize a fast rotating permanent magnet pole system. By a picked frequency of magnetic field change will be strong eddy currents in produced the non-ferrous metals. These in turn generate Magnetic fields that oppose the external magnetic field. Out For this reason, the non-ferrous parts are repelled and from the rest  Material flow ejected. The separated NE share is approximately between. 3 to 5%. The remainder of about 50 to 35% is predominant mineral material and is fed to a landfill or as Mountain offset material used for recycling.

After the optimized crushing stage, in a second phase the Landfill clothing will be further worked up. First, you have to do this Material to about <2 mm seven and receives with the fine fraction of the Finely minced mineral components such as stones, glass and earth. In The coarser fraction is still plastic and other organic Materials. These are then also forwarded to the heating plant.

To meet the requirements of the TASI mentioned above and possibly one To achieve landfill clothing with <5% organics, you have to use the material additionally drive over an air separation table; the there again separated substances are then also thermally recycled.

The percentages mentioned above refer to the input to shred light waste (SHL). Shredder Heavy Waste (SHS) Increasingly driven, the metal shares and the landfill freight increase. At ver The use of composites also increases metal yields and the combustion fraction. The landfill share of the composites is very low.

With the process technology according to the invention can be in the voluntary commitment of the automotive industry Recovery rate of 85% for end-of-life cars until 2002 as of now realize. The rate of 95% announced for 2015 can also be determined expected to achieve much more on the basis of this technology.

Despite the many positive environmental influences when using this Technology is the recovery of shredder waste for shredder operators currently slightly less expensive than landfill according to the state of the art - landfills or incineration the entire untreated fraction. The state of the art mostly not corresponding cheap landfills or underutilized Incinerators, commercial waste at marginal cost or below  If necessary, those low processing costs may still apply beaten.  

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent the following description of preferred embodiments and based on the drawing; this shows in:

FIG. 1 shows a family tree to a method for the treatment of Be shredder heavy waste (SHS), light shredder waste (SHL) and other composite materials (VEST);

FIG. 2 shows an enlarged detail from FIG. 1 with supplementary units; FIG.

Fig. 3 is a process tree for the treatment of printed circuit boards, electrical switches od. Like. From case elements;

Fig. 4 is a used for the process rotor impact crusher in side view;

Figure 5 shows the end view of the rotor impact crusher.

Fig. 6 is a sectional oblique view of the rotor impact mill.

. Eisenabscheider in particular a 12 - - In the process family tree of Figure 1 a metal separator 12 is above a rotor impact crusher 10 to erken NEN, and above this a Vorzerkleinerungszone 14, which preferably comprises a rotary shear or a granulator.

Shredder heavy wastes (SHS) are fed directly to the rotor impact mill 10 via a feed line A, whereas shredded light waste (SHL) reaches the iron separator 12 via a feed line B or via a line B1 to the pre-shredding zone (VZ) 14 . Composite materials (VEST) are fed via a feed line E of the rotor impact mill 10 or via a line E1 to the pre-comminuting zone 14 . At 16 , the discharge of the pre-reduction zone 14 is referred to the iron separator 12 , which in turn is connected to a discharge 18 to the rotor impact mill 10 and offers a lateral discharge line 19 for iron parts. The iron separator 12 protects the rotor impact mill 10 from these iron components.

The discharge 20 of the rotor impact mill 10 connected via a line 22 to a dedusting system 24 leads to a second iron separator 12 a located underneath, the discharge 26 of which again connects to an air classifier (WS) 28 . This is connected by a return line 30 with the rotor impact mill 10 and by a discharge 32 with a We belstromscheider (WSS) 34 . Immediately after the rotor impact mill 10 or its iron separator 12 a, the parts or particles (<50 mm) that are too large for the air classifier 28 can be separated by means of a coarse screen 21 and returned via a return line 33 of the rotor mill mill 10 ; In this case, that discharge 26 of the second iron separator 12 a opens on the coarse sieve 21 , the discharge 27 at the air classifier 28th 35 denotes a lateral discharge of the air classifier 28 , which leads to a combustion plant 36 .

The Wirbelstromscheider 34 is in turn connected by a return line 38 to the rotor impact mill 10 and on the other hand by an off line 40 with z. B. a container, which can then be transported to a landfill 42 . On the other hand, a lateral derivation 44 is provided for non-ferrous metals.

A branch line 46 of that discharge line 40 leads to a screening machine (SM) 48 with a separating screen indicated at 49 . The high-calorific heavy fraction remaining here above the separating sieve 49 passes via a discharge 50 to the incinerator 36 . The resulting undersize, a fine mineral fraction, for example, 1 to 3 mm grain size, is fed via a derivative 51 of the landfill 42 , a branch line 52 of the derivative 51 leads to an air separation stove (LTH) or air separation table (LTT) 54 , which in turn with a discharge line 56 is connected to landfill 42 for a heavy mineral fraction.

Incidentally, except for the rotor impact mill 10 , the second iron separator 12 a, the air classifier 28 , the eddy current separator 34 , the screening machine 48 and the air separation hearth / table 54 are each connected by lines 22 to said dedusting system 24 , the latter by a discharge line 23 to that landfill 42 .

A high-calorie light fraction of the air separation table 54 is brought via the other derivative 58 to the incinerator 36 , where also - as I said - the upper grain of the screening machine 48 via the discharge 50 ge arrived. In addition, lead discharges 59 and 60 of the air separation table 54 light substances such as light metal shares, minerals or heavy materials such as non-ferrous or heavy metals. Via another line 62 , a mixed fraction passes from the air separation table 54 to the rotor impact mill 10 , another line 64 can optionally transport non-ferrous metals from the eddy current separator 34 to the air separation table 54 .

The percentages indicated in the pedigree refer to the Input of shredder waste and belong to the disclosure of this Description.

In Fig. 2 is a section of the pedigree described above to know it with a in the lateral derivative 35 of the air classifier 28 inte grated screening machine 66 , which is optionally used when the fine fraction is too high. The coarse parts from the screening machine 66 go to Burn Burn system 36 , the fines on a line 67 to landfill 42nd

Also, the rotor impact mill 10 is at the center of the process tree of FIG. 3; There printed circuit boards or electrical switches via a supply line Q of a pre-crushing zone 14 or directly to the rotor impact mill 10 are supplied. The pre-crushing zone 14 is a metal separator 12 downstream, the discharge 18 leads to the rotor impact mill 10 . The metal separator 12 is also connected to a lateral discharge line 17 to a metal silo 68 .

The rotor impact mill 10 follows here on a discharge 20 a directly an air classifier 28 with a discharge 32 to a cyclone 69th The lateral discharge line 35 of the classifier 28 leads to a coarse separation 70 . This is connected in Fig. 3 by means of a return line 72 to the discharge 16 of the pre-crushing zone 14 . In addition, leads into the coarse separation 70 a branch of that mill discharge 20 a, on the other hand can be performed with a stub 20 b to a lateral Fe deposition 12 b.

From the cyclone 69 go two discharges 22 and 74 , the former is placed to a dedusting device 24 with exhaust air discharge 76 and dust discharge 78 to a dust bin 79 . The other Zyklonableitung 74 is connected to a fine separation 80 , in which also the discharge 71 of the coarse separation 70 and a branch line 35 a of the lateral discharge 35 of the air classifier 28 open.

The derivative 82 of the fine separation 80 is connected to light material silos 84, heavy-silos 84 and a metal silos 68th

With the recycling plant described for Fig. 1, 2 for waste shreds and other composites following streams and shares are to be achieved (the proportions to Fig. 3 are in parentheses):

• a) ferrous metals - over 19 , 19 _a -: 7 to 10% (20 to 35%);
• b) non-ferrous metals - over 44 , 59 , 60 -: 3 to 5% (15 to 20%);
• c) high calorific substitute fuels - over 35 , 50 , 58 -: 40 to 50% (up to 50%);
• d) mineral materials - over 51 , 56 , 59 -: 50 to 35% (up to 5%).

The ferrous metals according to lit. (a) are marketed through commodity traders who Non-ferrous metals (b) melted in special huts; mainly Recycled light metals, copper and aluminum.

The high-calorific fuels (up to more than 20 MJ / kg) are thermally utilized in a heating power plant 36 . They also have the advantage of being almost without ash and therefore no additional costs for slag processing.

The core of the plant described is the horizontal rotor impact mill 10 with the advantages of high throughput with minimal wear. For the. The use of shredder waste and composite materials has been designed for special material inlets and material outlets, optionally with adjustable gap width and, as already mentioned, with facilities for inerting, cooling, heating during comminution. This rotor impact mill 10 can convert waste with the adapted shredder technology without prior pre-shredding in a process line into three usable output streams.

Below a radial pin 86 - an inlet shaft 88 with an inner diameter d of about 380 mm in the lid 89 of the rotor impact mill 10 - acting lever arm 90 as a lifting and pivoting device is in a cylindrical housing 92 of diameter e of 1560 mm, a rotor 94 with a V-belt driven Vertical shaft 96 mounted, protrude from the impact tools 95 radially into a lane path; These striking tools 95 rotate relative to a ring of baffle plates 98 above an exchangeable plates 99 for the grinding material containing approximately cylindrical outlet chamber 100th In this rotor mill mill 10 , a drying of the material to be ground may also take place during the grinding - possibly also the mentioned processes of cold brittleness or inerting - taking place.

The mandatory process chain for the recovery of metals from the SHL fraction thus covers the horizontal rotor impact mill 10 , the Fe-Ab divorce 12 , 12 a and the NE deposit 34th Further units are used for the following purposes:

• Capacity relief of the NE separator 34 and the air separation oven 54 ;
• - Separation of a high calorific fraction;
• - Separation of a mineral fraction;
• - enrichment or depletion of fractions;
• - Separation of aluminum and copper from the non-ferrous metal mixture.

For Shredderleichtmaterial (SHL) is in principle no pre-shredding (VZ) necessary. For the composites, it may be indispensable.

The iron separator 12 of FIG. 1 is used for SHL only the additional assurance from the rotor impact mill 10th For the VEST, the Fe deposition after the pre-comminution 14 and before the rotor impact mill 10 is absolutely necessary. For certain VEST, the Fe separator 12 , 12 _{a can be} omitted.

The grain size obtained after the impact mill 10 is tern of following parame dependent:

• - adjusted gap width (5 to 25 mm);
• - Throughput (depending on the material about 1 to 20 t / h);
• - Feed size (maximum feed diameter 350 mm);
• - peripheral speed of the rotor (about 30 to 70 m / s); Material.

For SHL arise with untreated input size

• About 80% <50 mm,
• - 50% <20 mm,
• 40% <10 mm,
• - 30% <5 mm.

The more brittle the material becomes, the more the grading curve shifts to the fine range.

The aim of the air classifier 28 is the voluminous and lighter airworthy components such. As foam, PUR foam, pulp and lint auszuschleusen from the flow and the subsequent Aggre gate as NE separator 34 and air separation table 54 capacity - max. about 1 to 3 t / h - not to run over.

The possibly not yet open-center fraction of Windsich age 30 would u. U. be returned to the rotor impact mill 10 again. If the coarse fraction still too many Metallanhaftungen (usually as Kupferka bel), this fraction would have to be circulated, and the middle fraction would then be deducted. The separation cuts between the individual fractions are very difficult to determine, since the input fluctuates very strongly in terms of material composition.

When NE separator, so the Wirbelstromscheider 34 , magnetic fields are generated by vortex streams that exert a repellent force on the head and thus "throw out" these materials from the flow of material. In order to achieve a selective effect, the material must be fed in one layer, otherwise lying on a conductor non-conductive parts would also be discharged. It must also be prevented that conductors and non-conductors adhere to each other (eg due to moisture, mechanical compaction, entanglement).

The capacity of the Wirbelstromscheiders 34 is due to the above Conditions on conditions max. Limited to 3-4 t / h. As with the rotor impact mill 10 up to 15 t / h with max. 5% non-ferrous fraction to be driven, it must be correspondingly reduced input to the Wirbelstromscheider 34 .

The mineral fine fraction and the high calorific value are in The rule metal-free and should by air classifier and screen of WSS input be separated.

As with any separation process, in addition to the usually two desired good fractions, one obtains a mixed fraction. Due to its shape and composition, this fraction can not be clearly separated and should be fed back as input to the rotor impact mill 10 .

As is known, all SHL processing methods are limited to a maximum of 3-4 t / h in terms of capacity in the cutting process and strive to protect their cutting technology from mineral material for reasons of wear. For these reasons, sieves are always placed at the beginning of the process chain. In the method according to the invention, a sieve can also be arranged in front of the impact mill 10 ; The above-mentioned disadvantages do not apply to this method. Since, however, the mineral components to be separated from the rest of the material by the already made in the impact mill 10 impact rebound in a much narrower range ind, the use of screening after the impact mill 10 remains useful. Furthermore, sieving is substantially simplified by the more uniform grain size and the kuge ligere form of the materials. In particular, the annoying growth of grid mesh is largely prevented.

Depending on the input material, the screening machine 48 , which can be designed either as a one- or two-decker machine with Siebschnit th of z. B. 1 to 3 mm, 3 to 10 mm and <10 mm. The sieve cut of the fines must be set so that it is as metal-free as possible. In order to comply with the TA municipal waste, which requires an organizational proportion of <5% from 2005, the organic content can be further reduced by means of an air separation stove (LTH) or air separation table (LTT) 54 . The sieve cut for the coarse fraction should be between 8 and 10 mm. The middle fraction is then input to the air separation table 54 . This separates each by means of an air flow materials in a heavy and a light fraction tion. At the air separation table 54 , a mixed fraction is additionally generated, which must be returned to the mill 10 ; the air separation table 54 produces either a clean light fraction or a clean heavy fraction. The respective complementary fraction is not unique.

Since the material separation is due to the specific buoyancy, it is the more uniform the grain size is, the sharper it is. A previous screening is here in any case efficiency-increasing.

The non-ferrous metal mixture obtained from the NE-Scheider 34 can be used to Stei the sale proceeds by an air separation table 54 in the individual metals such. As aluminum and copper nachsepariert. The Formän tion work of the impact mill to the spherical shape favors this.

Claims (27)

1. Plant for the recovery of shredder waste od. Like. Metal-containing composites as treatment with an impact mill ( 10 ) upstream Metallabscheider ( 12 ) and one of the impact mill following means ( 34 ) for the deposition of non-ferrous metals. 2. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that between the impact mill ( 10 ), in particular a horizontal rotor impact mill, and of a Wirbelstromscheider ( 34 ) formed NE separation, a separator ( 28 ) is provided and eddy current separator and / or classifier by a Return line ( 38 or 30 ) are connected to the impact mill / is. 3. Plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the impact mill ( 10 ) at least one metal separator ( 12 a), in particular an iron separator, is arranged downstream. 4. Plant for the utilization of non-metal-containing composites as material to be treated with an impact mill ( 10 ) following classifier ( 28 ) and to this subsequent Wirbelstromscheider ( 34 ), both the classifier and the Wirbelstromscheider each with at least one return line ( 30 , 38 ) connected to the impact mill. 5. Plant according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that the sifter ( 28 ), in particular an air classifier, a coarse screen ( 21 ) is connected upstream, the Grobaustrag a return line ( 33 ) to the impact mill ( 10 ). 6. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by at least one discharge ( 46 ) of the Wirbelstromscheiders ( 34 ) to a screening machine ( 48 ) having an upper discharge ( 50 ) for a coarse fraction and a lower discharge ( 51 ) for a fine fraction , 7. Plant according to claim 6, characterized in that the discharge line ( 46 ) branch line of a discharge ( 40 ) of the Wirbelstromscheiders ( 34 ). 8. Plant according to claim 1, 4, 6 or 7, characterized by a Feinpolscheider with fast rotating Permanentmagnetpolsystem as means ( 34 ) for NE deposition. 9. Plant according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that at a branch line ( 52 ) of the discharge ( 51 ) for the fine fraction at least one air separation table / Lufttrennherd ( 54 ) is attached, with a derivative ( 58 ) for a heizwertreiche Light fraction and a discharge line ( 56 ) for a heavy mineral fraction is provided. 10. Plant according to claim 9, characterized by discharges ( 59 or 60 ) of the air separation table / Lufttrennherdes ( 54 ) for low-calorific lightweight materials or non-mineral heavy materials. 11. Plant according to claim 2 or 4, characterized by a sifter ( 28 ) downstream cyclone ( 69 ). 12. Plant according to claim 11, characterized in that the sifter ( 28 ) performs a discharge ( 31 ) to a coarse separation ( 70 ). 13. Plant according to claim 12, characterized by a discharge ( 71 ) of the coarse separation ( 70 ) for fine separation ( 80 ) out, which is connected to a discharge line ( 75 ) of the cyclone ( 69 ). 14. Plant according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the coarse separation ( 70 ) by a return line ( 72 ) with the task side of the impact mill ( 10 ) or of this upstream Metallabscheiders ( 12 ) is connected. 15. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that at least the rotor impact mill ( 10 ) and / or the cyclone ( 68 ) are connected to a dedusting device ( 24 ). 16. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the impact mill ( 10 ) or its task-side metal separator ( 12 ) is preceded by means ( 14 ) for pre-crushing. 17. Plant according to claim 16, characterized in that the Device for pre-shredding as a rotary shear or as Granulator is formed. 18. Method for recycling shredder waste or the like. Composite materials as material to be treated, in particular under use an attachment after at least one of the preceding ones Claims in which the material to be treated in a Rotor impact mill is opened and separated streams be, with the material to be treated in the impact mill from above guided on at least one baffle plate and from this with high Acceleration on bats or baffles thrown is discharged as well as the resulting good particles down become. 19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the Good particles are guided on the baffle in an annular gap, its width od by means of spacers. Like. Set elements becomes. 20. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that light Ingredients such as foams, lint, wood, plastics od. Like. wind-sifted and deducted as fuel. 21. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 20, characterized characterized in that the metals as well as a mineral cargo containing heavy fraction supplied to a separating device become.   22. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 21, characterized characterized in that the discharge of the impact mill to a Fine Polscheider with a fast rotating Permanentmagnetpolsystem is guided and in this by a high frequency of a magnetic field change in the conductive Non-ferrous metals eddy currents are generated, which in turn the external magnetic field trigger opposing magnetic fields. 23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that the Non-ferrous metals repelled and from the material flow be thrown out. 24. The method according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the Austragsgut the Feinpolscheiders is sieved, wherein the Separating cut on the one hand to finely minced mineral Components and on the other hand to a coarser fraction with Plastics and other organic materials. 25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that the fine Fraction across an air separation table and there and a light fraction is separated. 26. The method according to at least one of claims 18 to 25, characterized by the description and drawing removable individual or combined process steps. 27. Use of a rotor impact mill with ridge-side inlet shaft as well as with downstream discharge gap for the treatment of Shredder waste od. Like. Composite materials.