AU658827B2 - A process for preparing subdenier fibers, pulp-like short fibers, fibrids, rovings and mats from isotropic polymer solutions - Google Patents
A process for preparing subdenier fibers, pulp-like short fibers, fibrids, rovings and mats from isotropic polymer solutions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU658827B2 AU658827B2 AU82321/91A AU8232191A AU658827B2 AU 658827 B2 AU658827 B2 AU 658827B2 AU 82321/91 A AU82321/91 A AU 82321/91A AU 8232191 A AU8232191 A AU 8232191A AU 658827 B2 AU658827 B2 AU 658827B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- fibrids
- fibers
- poly
- pulp
- polymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- -1 poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 66
- 229920000889 poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- ZBMISJGHVWNWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-aminophenoxy)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 ZBMISJGHVWNWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XQMKYNYUUFUXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-[3-(7-oxoazepane-2-carbonyl)benzoyl]azepan-2-one Chemical compound C=1C=CC(C(=O)C2NC(=O)CCCC2)=CC=1C(=O)C1CCCCC(=O)N1 XQMKYNYUUFUXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940113088 dimethylacetamide Drugs 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 4
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003366 poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- SJIXRGNQPBQWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(diethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SJIXRGNQPBQWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- QZUPTXGVPYNUIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(N)=O)=C1 QZUPTXGVPYNUIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001989 1,3-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:1])=C([H])C([*:2])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLBLWEWZXPIGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Aminophenyl ether Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HLBLWEWZXPIGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGMGHALXLXKCBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-amino-n-(2-aminophenyl)benzamide Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1N QGMGHALXLXKCBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000156948 Aphantopus hyperantus Species 0.000 description 1
- MJBPUQUGJNAPAZ-AWEZNQCLSA-N Butin Natural products C1([C@@H]2CC(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3O2)O)=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 MJBPUQUGJNAPAZ-AWEZNQCLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJBPUQUGJNAPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butine Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=CC=C2C(=O)CC1C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 MJBPUQUGJNAPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010061592 cardiac fibrillation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GEQHKFFSPGPGLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCCC(N)C1 GEQHKFFSPGPGLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002600 fibrillogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102200150779 rs200154873 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005613 synthetic organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012956 testing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/11—Flash-spinning
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/18—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polymers of unsaturated nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene cyanide
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
- D01F6/60—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyamides
- D01F6/605—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyamides from aromatic polyamides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/56—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
- D21H13/20—Organic non-cellulose fibres from macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H13/26—Polyamides; Polyimides
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US55519490A | 1990-07-20 | 1990-07-20 | |
US555194 | 1990-07-20 | ||
PCT/US1991/005000 WO1992001829A1 (en) | 1990-07-20 | 1991-07-19 | A process for preparing subdenier fibers, pulp-like short fibers, fibrids, rovings and mats from isotropic polymer solutions |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
AU8232191A AU8232191A (en) | 1992-02-18 |
AU658827B2 true AU658827B2 (en) | 1995-05-04 |
Family
ID=24216340
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AU82321/91A Ceased AU658827B2 (en) | 1990-07-20 | 1991-07-19 | A process for preparing subdenier fibers, pulp-like short fibers, fibrids, rovings and mats from isotropic polymer solutions |
Country Status (9)
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6001303A (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 1999-12-14 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process of making fibers |
CN105705689B (zh) * | 2013-10-30 | 2017-11-07 | 纳幕尔杜邦公司 | 包含聚(间苯二甲酰间苯二胺)和由5(6)‑氨基‑2‑(对氨基苯基)苯并咪唑制成的共聚物的混合物的片材和沉析纤维 |
JP2018123434A (ja) * | 2015-06-07 | 2018-08-09 | 株式会社大木工藝 | 繊維集合体製造方法 |
JP7050780B2 (ja) * | 2016-11-30 | 2022-04-08 | テイジン・アラミド・ビー.ブイ. | 電子的用途での使用に適したアラミド紙 |
KR102353324B1 (ko) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-01-19 | 에너진(주) | 여과성을 향상시킨 정전필터의 제조장치 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2988782A (en) * | 1958-12-09 | 1961-06-20 | Du Pont | Process for producing fibrids by precipitation and violent agitation |
US3441473A (en) * | 1966-03-16 | 1969-04-29 | West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co | Cellulose derivative compositions and paper containing the derivatives |
EP0381206A2 (en) * | 1989-02-01 | 1990-08-08 | E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company | Fiber, rovings and mats from lyotropic liquid crystalline polymers |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4187143A (en) * | 1975-10-01 | 1980-02-05 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Manufacture of fibrids from poly(amide-imide) resins |
US5026456A (en) * | 1990-06-14 | 1991-06-25 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Aramid papers containing aramid paper pulp |
-
1991
- 1991-07-19 KR KR1019930700164A patent/KR0178360B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-07-19 AU AU82321/91A patent/AU658827B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-07-19 CA CA002087727A patent/CA2087727A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-07-19 AT AT91913576T patent/ATE162857T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-07-19 DE DE69128834T patent/DE69128834T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-07-19 EP EP91913576A patent/EP0540608B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-19 JP JP3512470A patent/JP3022597B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-07-19 WO PCT/US1991/005000 patent/WO1992001829A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-07-19 PL PL29765791A patent/PL297657A1/xx unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2988782A (en) * | 1958-12-09 | 1961-06-20 | Du Pont | Process for producing fibrids by precipitation and violent agitation |
US3441473A (en) * | 1966-03-16 | 1969-04-29 | West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co | Cellulose derivative compositions and paper containing the derivatives |
EP0381206A2 (en) * | 1989-02-01 | 1990-08-08 | E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company | Fiber, rovings and mats from lyotropic liquid crystalline polymers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH05508451A (ja) | 1993-11-25 |
WO1992001829A1 (en) | 1992-02-06 |
PL297657A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1992-07-13 |
DE69128834D1 (de) | 1998-03-05 |
DE69128834T2 (de) | 1998-09-10 |
ATE162857T1 (de) | 1998-02-15 |
JP3022597B2 (ja) | 2000-03-21 |
EP0540608B1 (en) | 1998-01-28 |
EP0540608A1 (en) | 1993-05-12 |
AU8232191A (en) | 1992-02-18 |
KR0178360B1 (ko) | 1999-02-01 |
CA2087727A1 (en) | 1992-01-21 |
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