AU2020102526A4 - Pesticidal Composition Containing Cartap and Imidacloprid and Use Thereof - Google Patents
Pesticidal Composition Containing Cartap and Imidacloprid and Use Thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
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Abstract
The present application discloses a pesticidal composition containing cartap and
imidacloprid and use thereof. The pesticidal composition containing cartap and imidacloprid
includes cartap and imidacloprid as main active ingredients in a mass ratio of 30:1 to 1:30. The
pesticidal composition of the disclosure can be used to control Meloidogyne on vegetables,
peanut and sweet potato plants, forestry flower seedlings, paddy rice or wheat, and paddy rice
stem borers.
22
Description
The disclosure belongs to the technical field of pesticide formulations, and relates to a pesticidal composition containing cartap and imidacloprid and use thereof.
Cartap, also known as padan and patap, is a natural toxin analog or a pesticide precursor. It is an acetylcholine receptor blocker which can block transmission of a synapse and paralyzes a central nervous system, so that an insect stops taking in food and dies of hungry. The cartap has a strong stomach poisoning effect, a contact killing effect, certain anti-feeding and ovicidal effects and the like. It knocks down pests quickly and has a long residual effect and a broad pesticidal spectrum. The cartap can be used to control many insects such as Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Diptera, and roundworms.
Imidacloprid is a nitromethylene systemic insecticide. It is an agent acting on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors which interferes with nervous systems in charge of movement of pests and causes failure of chemical signal transmission. It has no cross resistance with other drugs. The imidacloprid has a broad acting spectrum, a high efficiency, low toxicity, and low residue, is safe to humans, animals, plants and natural enemies, and has multiple drug effects such as contact killing, stomach poisoning and systemic killing. It is mainly used to control pests with piercing-sucking mouthparts. It is also effective against certain pests of Coleoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera. Moreover, it has a relatively desired control effect on underground pests. Applicable crops include paddy rice, wheat, corn, cotton, potato plant, vegetables, sugar beet and fruit trees and the like. Due to its excellent systemic property, the imidacloprid is particularly suitable for seed treatment and granular application.
An objective of the disclosure is to provide a pesticidal composition containing cartap and imidaloprid, which can be used in control of Meloidogyne and paddy rice stem borers.
Another objective of the disclosure is to provide a preparation method of the pesticidal composition.
To achieve the above objectives, the disclosure adopts the following technical solutions:
A pesticidal composition containing cartap and imidacloprid is provided, including cartap and imidacloprid as main active ingredients in a mass ratio of 30:1 to 1:30.
In the pesticidal composition of the disclosure, the mass ratio of the cartap to the imidacloprid is 10:1 to 1:10.
In the pesticidal composition of the disclosure, a total mass percentage of the cartap and the imidacloprid is preferably 2-90%.
The pesticidal composition of the disclosure is preferably formulated into any dosage form by using the cartap and the imidacloprid as the main active ingredients and a pesticidally acceptable auxiliary.
The dosage form is preferably a suspension, a dispersible oil suspension, a water dispersible granule, a broadcasting granule, a microemulsion, or an aqueous solution. The auxiliary is preferably one or more of a wetting agent, a dispersant, a filler (carrier), an emulsifier, a thickener, an organic solvent, a disintegrant, a binder, a defoamer, an antifreeze, a preservative, an acid, and water.
As a further preferable pesticidal composition of the disclosure, the wetting agent is selected from one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate and nekal. The dispersant is selected from one or more of sodium lignosulfonate, polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, polycarboxylate (such as GY-D800, GY-D900 and GY-D07), and alkyl naphthalene sulfonate. The filler is selected from one or more of kaolin, starch, tale, white carbon black, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, and montmorillonite. The emulsifier is selected from one or more of calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate sulfate SOPA270, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, cashew nut oil polyoxyethylene ether, Nongru 400#, Nongru 33#, Nongru 44#, and Nongru 600#. The thickener is selected from one or more of organic bentonite, magnesium aluminum silicate, and xanthan gum. The organic solvent is selected from one or more of methyl oleate, soybean oil, cyclohexanone, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl formamide (DMF), nitrogen methylpyrrolidone, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and aromatic hydrocarbon S-200 solvent. The disintegrant is selected from one or more of ammonium sulfate or sodium sulfate. The defoamer is a silicone defoamer. The binder is selected from one or more of polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 600, polyethylene glycol 6000, polyethylene glycol 4000, polyvinyl alcohol 1788, and povidone K30. The antifreeze is selected from one or more of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, and urea. The preservative is one or more of sodium benzoate or kathon. The acid is selected from one or more of phosphoric acid, citric acid, and sulfuric acid. The water is deionized water.
When the dosage form is the suspension, the auxiliary includes the emulsifier, the dispersant, the wetting agent, the thickener, the defoamer, the antifreeze, the preservative and the solvent. A preparation method is: adding the water, the dispersant, the wetting agent, the imidacloprid, part of the thickener, the defoamer, the antifreeze, and the preservative to a shearing kettle, shearing uniformly, grinding to a particle size (D90) <3 m with a 50 L horizontal sand mill, adding the remaining thickener and the cartap, and shearing uniformly to obtain the suspension.
When the dosage form is the dispersible oil suspension, the auxiliary includes the dispersant, the emulsifier, the thickener and the solvent. A preparation method is: adding the solvent, the emulsifier, the dispersant, the thickener, the cartap and the imidacloprid in sequence to a shearing kettle, shearing uniformly, and grinding to a particle size (D90) 5 im with a horizontal sand mill to obtain the dispersible oil suspension.
When the dosage form is the water dispersible granule, the auxiliary includes the wetting agent, the dispersant, the disintegrant and the filler. A preparation method is: adding the filler, the disintegrant, the cartap, the imidacloprid, the wetting agent and the dispersant in sequence to a stirring device, stirring uniformly, pulverizing to 800-1,250 meshes by ajet mill, kneading an obtained powder material with water, preparing into a cylindrical granule having a diameter of 0.5 or 0.8 mm with a rotary extrusion granulator, drying and screening to obtain the water dispersible granule.
When the dosage form is a broadcasting granule, the auxiliary includes the binder and the filler. A preparation method is: adding the cartap, the imidacloprid, the binder and the filler to a stirring device, stirring uniformly and passing through a counter roller extrusion granulator to obtain the broadcasting granule having a particle size of 2-6 mm.
When the dosage form is the microemulsion, the auxiliary includes the emulsifier, the organic solvent and the water. A preparation method is: dissolving the imidacloprid and the emulsifier completely with the solvent, adding the water, stirring uniformly, adding a water soluble cartap, stirring and dissolving completely to obtain the microemulsion.
When the dosage form is the aqueous solution, the auxiliary includes the emulsifier, the acid and the water. A preparation method is: adding the acid to the water, adding the imidacloprid to an obtained acid solution, dissolving completely, adding the emulsifier, stirring to clearness, adding the cartap, stirring and dissolving completely to obtain the aqueous solution.
Further provided is use of the pesticidal composition of the disclosure in control of Meloidogyne.
The pesticidal composition of the disclosure is preferably used to control Meloidogyne on cucumber, tomato, pepper, peanut and sweet potato plants, forestry flower seedlings, paddy rice or wheat.
Further provided is use of the pesticidal composition of the disclosure in control of paddy rice stem borers.
The pesticidal composition of the disclosure is preferably used in control of paddy rice Chilo suppressalisand Cnaphalocrocismedinalis.
Beneficial Effects:
As the cartap and the imidacloprid have different acting mechanisms, combination thereof can effectively delay resistance of pests to pesticides and at the same time expand a control scope of pests, showing effects on piercing-sucking pests, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Diptera pests. Moreover, the combination of the two can also be used in soil treatment. The cartap can kill roundworms, and the imidacloprid can control underground pests with a relatively desired effect. The combination of the two can control both the underground pests and the roundworms.
The cartap and the imidacloprid are compounded in a specific ratio range, and have a significant synergistic effect on Meloidogyne, Chilo suppressalis and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. Compared with single agents, combination of the cartap and the imidacloprid has a better control effect, thereby the combination can reduce number of times of pesticide application, amount of pesticide to be applied, cost of pesticide, and environmental pollution.
Example 1
A pesticide suspension containing 21% of cartap and imidacloprid had a composition by weight of 100 kg as follows: 1 kg of cartap, 20 kg of imidacloprid, 2 kg of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 3 kg of sodium lignosulfonate, 0.3 kg of magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.1 kg of xanthan gum, 0.2 kg of defoamer, 3 kg of ethylene glycol, 0.2 kg of sodium benzoate, and water as balance.
A preparation method of the suspension was as follows: the water, the sodium lignosulfonate, the sodium dodecyl sulfate, the imidacloprid, the magnesium aluminum silicate, the defoamer, the ethylene glycol and the sodium benzoate were added to a shearing kettle, sheared uniformly and ground to a particle size (D90) <3 pm with a 50 L horizontal sand mill. The xanthan gum and the cartap were added and sheared uniformly to obtain the suspension.
Example 2
A pesticide suspension containing 36% of cartap and imidacloprid had a composition by weight of 100 kg as follows: 6 kg of cartap, 30 kg of imidacloprid, 2 kg of G5000, 3 kg of non ionic ethylene oxide/propylene oxide (EO/PO) block copolymer GY-D07, 0.2 kg of magnesium aluminum silicate, 0.06 kg of xanthan gum, 0.2 kg of defoamer, 3 kg of ethylene glycol, 0.2 kg of kathon, and water as balance.
A preparation method of the suspension was as follows: the water, the G5000, the GY-D07, the imidacloprid, the magnesium aluminum silicate, the defomer, the ethylene glycol and the kathon were added to a shearing kettle, sheared uniformly and ground to a particle size (D90) 3 m with a 50 L horizontal sand mill. The xanthan gum and the cartap were added and sheared uniformly to obtain the suspension.
Example 3
A pesticide as a dispersible oil suspension containing 24% of cartap and imidaloprid had a composition by weight of 100 kg as follows: 20 kg of cartap, 4 kg of imidacloprid, 10 kg of castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, 5 kg of calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 0.8 kg of organic bentonite, and soybean oil as balance.
A preparation method of the dispersible oil suspension was as follows: the soybean oil, the castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, the calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, the organic bentonite, the cartap and the imidacloprid were added in sequence to a shearing kettle, sheared uniformly, and ground to a particle size (D90) 5 pm with a horizontal sand mill to obtain the dispersible oil suspension.
Example 4
A pesticide as a water dispersible granule containing 62% of cartap and imidacloprid had a composition by weight of 100 kg as follows: 2 kg of cartap, 60 kg of imidacloprid, 2 kg of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 4 kg of GY-D800, 5 kg of sodium sulfate and montmorillonite as balance.
A preparation method of the water dispersible granule was as follows: the montmorillonite, the sodium sulfate, the cartap, the imidacloprid, the sodium dodecyl sulfate, the GY-D800 were added in sequence to a stirring device, stirred uniformly, pulverized to 1,250 meshes by a jet mill. An obtained powder material was kneaded with water, prepared into a cylindrical granule having a diameter of 0.5 or 0.8 mm with a rotary extrusion granulator, dried and screened to obtain the water dispersible granule.
Example 5
A pesticide as a water dispersible granule containing 84% of cartap and imidacloprid had a composition by weight of 100 kg as follows: 80 kg of cartap, 4 kg of imidacloprid, 1 kg of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 4 kg of GY-D900, 2 kg of sodium sulfate and starch as balance.
A preparation method of the water dispersible granule was as follows: the starch, the ammonium sulfate, the cartap, the imidacloprid, the sodium dodecyl sulfate, the GY-D900 were added in sequence to a stirring device, stirred uniformly, pulverized to 1,250 meshes by a jet mill. An obtained powder material was kneaded with water, prepared into a cylindrical granule having a diameter of 0.5 or 0.8 mm with a rotary extrusion granulator, dried and screened to obtain the water dispersible granule.
Example 6
A pesticide as a broadcasting granule containing 88% of cartap and imidacloprid had a composition by weight of 100 kg as follows: 80 kg of cartap, 8 kg of imidaeloprid, 2 kg of polyethylene glycol 600 and montmorillonite as balance.
The cartap, the imidacloprid, the polyethylene glycol 600 and the montmorillonite were added to a stirring device, stirred uniformly and passed through a counter roller extrusion granulator to obtain the broadcasting granule having a particle size of 4.5 mm.
Example 7
A pesticide as a broadcasting granule containing 88% of cartap and imidacloprid had a composition by weight of 100 kg as follows: 8 kg of cartap, 80 kg of imidacloprid, 2 kg of polyethylene glycol 600 and kaolin as balance.
The cartap, the imidacloprid, the polyethylene glycol 600 and the kaolin were added to a stirring device, stirred uniformly and passed through a counter roller extrusion granulator to obtain the broadcasting granule having a particle size of 4.5 mm.
Example 8
A pesticide microemulsion containing 31% of cartap and imidacloprid had a composition by weight of 100 kg as follows: 30 kg of cartap, 1 kg of imidaloprid, 6 kg of rapid penetrant T, 8 kg of peregal 0-25, 6 kg of Nongru 600#, 10% of DMSO, 5% of cyclohexanone and water as balance.
A preparation method of the microemulsion was as follows: the imidacloprid, the rapid penetrant T, the peregal 0-25 and 600# were dissolved completely with DMSO and cyclohexanone. The water was added and stirred uniformly. The cartap which was water soluble was added, stirred and dissolved completely to obtain the microemulsion.
Example 9
A pesticide as an aqueous solution containing 20% of cartap and imidacloprid had a composition by weight of 100 kg as follows: 10 kg of cartap, 10 kg of imidacloprid, 10 kg of 600P (600# polyoxyethylene ether phosphate), 6 kg of phosphoric acid, 1 kg of citric acid and water as balance.
A preparation method of the aqueous solution was as follows: the phosphoric acid and the citric acid were added to the water. The imidacloprid was added to an obtained acid solution. After complete dissolution, the 600P was added and stirred to clearness. The cartap was added, stirred and dissolved completely to obtain the aqueous solution.
Example 10
Pesticidal effects of the combination of the cartap and the imidacloprid were tested with specific implementations as follows:
(1) Control effect on cucumber Meloidogyne
Test pesticide: a broadcasting granule containing 88% of cartap and-imidacloprid (10:1); a broadcasting granule containing 88% of cartap and-imidacloprid (1:10).
Control agent: a granule containing 2% of imidacloprid (Qingdao Zhengdao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), a granule containing 9% of cartap (Jingbo Agrochemical Technology Co., Ltd.).
Control object: Cucumber Meloidogyne.
Environmental conditions: the experiment was carried out in Hongze County, Huai'an City in China, and the conditions for cultivation, fertilizer and water management and the like in experimental plots were consistent. The cultivated cucumber variety was Zhongnong 106.
Experimental design: the experiment had 5 treatments with 4 repeats a treatment, and had a total of 20 plots with 30 square meters each plot. The plots were randomly arranged. The 5 treatments were: (1) the broadcasting granule containing 88% of cartap and-imidacloprid (10:1); (2) the broadcasting granule containing 88% of cartap and-imidacloprid (1:10); (3) the granule containing 2% of imidacloprid; (4) the granule containing 9% of cartap; (5) water as control.
Experimental method: plots with uniform distribution of Meloidogyne moderately heavy were selected for the experiment. Treatment with agents: the field was cleaned, applied with required fertilizers, turned over, leveled, ridged, and planted with cucumbers. Agents were applied uniformly in soil surrounding roots in a corresponding amount.
Investigation method: 30 days after agent application, 15 cucumber plants in each plot were randomly investigated. Roots were dug out, and number of diseased plants at various levels was recorded. Diseased plant rate, disease index and control effect were calculated, and a variance analysis of the control effect was carried out. A new multiple range method was used to obtain significance of differences between the treatments. Classification of diseased plant:
Classification was carried out based on disease status according to the following standards. The disease index and relative control effect were calculated according to formula.
Level 0 referred to a complete root system without a root knot.
Level 1 referred to a small number of root knots, and root necrosis less than 25%.
Level 2 referred to number of root knot accounting for 26%-50% of number of root system.
Level 3 referred to number of rootknot accounting for 51%-75% of number of root system.
Level 4 referred to particularly large number of root knot accounting for 76%-100% of number of root system.
Disease index = Z(number of diseased plant in each level x number corresponding to the level) / (total number of plant x 4) x 100.
Control effect (%)= (disease index of control - disease index of treatment) /disease index of control x 100.
Results were shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Control effect of test agents on cucumber Meloidogyne Dose (a.i. Disease Control Treatment g/m 2 ) index effect (%)
Broadcasting granule containing 88% of cartap 40 8.11 86.32 a and-imidacloprid (10:1) Broadcasting granule containing 88% of cartap 40 9.21 84.47 b and-imidacloprid (1:10) Granule containing 2% of imidacloprid 40 12.16 79.49 c
Granule containing 9% of cartap 40 14.52 75.52 d
Blank control 0 59.31
/ Note: comparison was carried out with Duncan's new multiple range method with a DPS software, where a lowercase alphabet indicated 5% significance.
(2) Control effect on Chilo suppressalis
Test pesticide: a suspension containing 21% of cartap and-imidacloprid; a suspension containing 36% of cartap and-imidacloprid; a dispersible oil suspension containing 24% of cartap and-imidacloprid; a water dispersible granule containing 62% of cartap and imidacloprid; a water dispersible granule containing 84% of cartap and imidacloprid; amicroemulsion containing 31% of cartap and imidacloprid; an aqueous solution containing 20% of cartap and imidacloprid.
Control agent: a soluble powder containing 50% of cartap (Shandong Qingdao Kaiyuanxiang Chemical Co., Ltd.), a water dispersible granule containing 70% of imidacloprid (Jiangsu Yancheng Limin Agrochemical Co., Ltd.).
Control object: Chilo suppressalis.
Environmental conditions: the experiment was carried out in Hongze County, Huai'an City in China, where the experimental field had medium fertility and conditions for cultivation were consistent. The cultivated paddy rice variety was Oryza saliva subsp. keng Wuyunjing 8.
Experimental design: the experiment had 10 treatments with 4 repeats a treatment, and a total of 40 plots with 30 square meters each plot. The plots were randomly arranged. The 10 treatments were: (1) the suspension containing 21% of cartap and-imidacloprid; (2) the suspension containing 36% of cartap and-imidacloprid; (3) the dispersible oil suspension containing 24% of cartap and-imidacloprid; (4) the water dispersible granule containing 62% of cartap and imidacloprid; (5) the water dispersible granule containing 84% of cartap and imidacloprid; (6) the microemulsion containing 31% of cartap and imidacloprid; (7) the aqueous solution containing 20% of cartap and imidacloprid; (8) the soluble powder containing % of cartap; (9) the water dispersible granule containing 70% of imidacloprid; (10) water as control.
Experimental method: the experiment was carried out with agents applied once during a peak period of the first generation of Chilo suppressalisyoung larvae (using a Singapore Linon Jacto 16LITROS sprayer with a pore size <7 mm; no residual agents left), with 1.5 kg of water per plot.
Investigation method: the investigation method referred to the one in Pesticides to control rice Lepidopterous borerpests in "Pesticide - Guidelines for the field efficacy trials (I)". After damage of Chilo suppressalison the rice field was finalized, parallel skip sampling was used to investigate number of dead hearts in each plot. 40 clumps of paddy rice in each plot were investigated. Dead heart rate and control effect were calculated. Efficacy was calculated as follows:
Dead heart rate (%)= number of dead heart / total number of investigated plant x 100
Control effect (%)= (number of dead heart in control plots after agent application -number of dead heart in treatment plots) / number of dead heart in control plots after agent application x 100
Results were shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Field control effect of test agents on Chilo suppressalis
Dose (a.i. Dead heart Control Name of agent for treatment g/mu) rate(%) effect (%)
Suspension containing 21% of cartap 30 0.22 93.27a and-imidacloprid
Suspension containing 36% of cartap 30 0.31 90.52c and-imidacloprid
Dispersible oil suspension containing 24% of 30 0.25 92.35b cartap and-imidacloprid
Water dispersible granule containing 62% of 30 0.40 87.77e cartap and imidacloprid;
Water dispersible granule containing 84% of 30 0.51 84.40f cartap and imidacloprid
Microemulsion containing 31% of cartap and 30 0.38 88.38e imidacloprid
Aqueous solution containing 20% of cartap 30 0.34 89.60d and imidacloprid
Soluble powder containing 50% of cartap 30 1.05 67.89 h
Water dispersible granule containing 70% of 30 0.68 79.20 g imidacloprid
Blank control 0 3.27
/ Note: comparison was carried out with Duncan's new multiple range method with the DPS software, where a lowercase alphabet indicated 5% significance.
(3) Control effect on Cnaphalocrocismedinalis
Test pesticide: the suspension containing 21% of cartap and-imidacloprid; the suspension containing 36% of cartap and-imidacloprid; the dispersible oil suspension containing 24% of cartap and-imidacloprid; the water dispersible granule containing 62% of cartap and imidacloprid; the water dispersible granule containing 84% of cartap and imidacloprid; the microemulsion containing 31% of cartap and imidacloprid; the aqueous solution containing 20% of cartap and imidacloprid.
Control agent: a soluble powder containing 50% of cartap (Shandong Qingdao Kaiyuanxiang Chemical Co., Ltd.), a water dispersible granule containing 70% of imidacloprid (Jiangsu Yancheng Limin Agrochemical Co., Ltd.).
Control object: Cnaphalocrocismedinalis.
Environmental conditions: the experiment was carried out in Hongze County, Huai'an City in China, and the conditions for cultivation, fertilizer and water management and the like in experimental plots were consistent. The cultivated variety was Nanjing 5055.
Experimental design: the experiment had 10 treatments with 4 repeats a treatment, and a total of 40 plots with 30 square meters each plot. The plots were randomly arranged. The 10 treatments were: (1) the suspension containing 21% of cartap and-imidacloprid; (2) the suspension containing 36% of cartap and-imidacloprid; (3) the dispersible oil suspension containing 24% of cartap and-imidacloprid; (4) the water dispersible granule containing 62% of cartap and imidacloprid; (5) the water dispersible granule containing 84% of cartap and imidacloprid; (6) the microemulsion containing 31% of cartap and imidacloprid; (7) the aqueous solution containing 20% of cartap and imidacloprid; (8) the soluble powder containing % of cartap; (9) the water dispersible granule containing 70% of imidacloprid; (10) water as control. The experiment was carried out with agents applied once during a tillering stage of paddy rice and a peak egg incubation period of Cnaphalocrocismedinalis. An electric knapsack sprayer was used to spray 1.5 kg of water per plot on the front and back sides of leaves uniformly.
Investigation method: a total of 25 paddy rice clumps were sampled at five points in each plot. Leaf rolling rate was calculated and compared with that of control plots. Relative control effect was calculated. At the same time, leafroll parasite rate was investigated to calculate pesticidal effect.
Investigation time: basic number was not investigated before treatment. When the blank control suffered obvious damage, or the current generation damage was finalized, the efficacy was investigated once.
Efficacy calculation method:
Leaf rolling rate (%)= number of rolling leaf / total number of leaf investigate x 100
Control effect (%) (leaf rolling rate in control plots after agent application - leaf rolling rate in treatment plots after agent application) / leaf rolling rate in control plots after agent application x 100
Results were shown in Table 3.
Table 3 Field control effect of test agents on Cnaphalocrocismedinalis
Name of agent for treatment Dose (a.i. Leaf rolling Control
g/mu) rate (%) effect (%)
Suspension containing 21% of cartap 30 1.91 90.12 c and-imidacloprid
Suspension containing 36% of cartap 30 1.48 92.35 a and-imidacloprid
Dispersible oil suspension containing 24% of 30 1.70 91.21 b cartap and-imidacloprid
Water dispersible granule containing 62% of 30 2.82 85.42 d cartap and imidacloprid;
Water dispersible granule containing 84% of 30 3.16 83.67 e cartap and imidacloprid
Microemulsion containing 31% of cartap and 30 3.34 82.73 f imidacloprid
Aqueous solution containing 20% of cartap 30 3.75 80.61 g and imidacloprid
Soluble powder containing 50% of cartap 30 5.54 71.35 h
Water dispersible granule containing 70% of 30 9.43 51.24 i imidacloprid
Blank control 0 19.34
/ Note: comparison was carried out with Duncan's new multiple range method with the DPS software, where a lowercase alphabet indicated 5% significance.
Test results showed that, the control effects of the combination of the two components, the cartap and the imidacloprid, on cucumber Meloidogyne, paddy rice Chilo suppressalis, and Cnaphalocrocismedinalis were significantly higher than those of the single agents of the cartap or the imidacloprid. Therefore, use of the cartap in combination with the imidacloprid in production practice was economical, efficient, and environmentally friendly.
Example 11
(1) Determination of toxicity of combination of cartap and imidacloprid to Meloidogyne
Meloidogyne incognita was collected from a protected cucumber greenhouse in Hongze County, Huai'an in China. Fresh oocysts were taken from infected cucumber root knots and placed on a filter paper. The filter paper was placed on a 75 m mesh sieve which was then placed in a petri dish with clean water. The water was allowed to immerse the egg mass with a slightly greater height. Incubation was carried out in an incubator at 25°C. 2nd instar larvae in the petri dish were collected every 24 h, and placed in a refrigerator at 4°C for later use.
Agent: a raw agent containing 98% of cartap, a raw agent containing 95% of imidaloprid.
Determination of toxicity of agents to Meloidogyne incognita
The raw agent containing 98% of cartap was dissolved with sterile water to obtain a 1,000 mg/L stock solution. The raw agent containing 95% of imidacloprid was dissolved with acetone to obtain a 1,000 mg/L stock solution. The stock solutions of the cartap and the imidacloprid were mixed in a ratio of 40:1, 30:1, 20:1, 10:1, 5:1, 1:1, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:30 and 1:40 respectively to obtain mixed agents. The mixed agents were diluted with sterile water to obtain a series of concentrations. 5 concentrations were used in each experiment, with clean water as control. The 2nd instar Meloidogyne obtained by separation and activation were used to prepare a suspension with 200 Meloidogyne per mL. A direct contact killing method was used. 0.5 mL of each agent solution to be tested was placed in small holes of a 24-well biochemical test plate.
An equal volume of Meloidogyne suspension was added. An equal volume of clean water was added for the blank control. 3 repeats were set for each treatment. The 24-well plate was sealed with a parafihm and placed in an incubator at 25°C for 48 h. Then, suspensions of each Meloidogyne treatment and control were poured into a 500 mesh sieve to filter out the liquid. Survival number and death number of Meloidogyne were examined under a microscope to calculate mortality and adjusted mortality.
Mortality (%)= number of dead Meloidogyne / number of Meloidogyne treated x 100
Adjusted mortality(%) (mortality of treatment - mortality of control) / (1 - mortality of control) x 100
Data was processed with the DPS software to obtain a regression equation and LC50. Combinational effect of the mixed agent was determined according to the method introduced by Sun Yunpei and Johnson (1960) and a co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) was calculated. The CTC value was used to determine the combinational toxic effect of the agent, where CTC<80 indicated an antagonistic effect, 80<CTC<120 indicated an additive effect and CTC>120 indicated a synergistic effect.
Experimental results were shown in Table 4.
Table 4 Results of toxicity determination of combination of cartap and imidacloprid to Meloidogyne incognita
Agent Regression equation LC5 o Actual Theoretical Co-toxicity of toxicity (mg/L) toxicity toxicity index coefficient index (TTI) (CTC) (ATI)
Cartap y=4.2504+1.7641x 2.6604 100.00
Imidacloprid y=3.7279+1.6206x 6.0943 43.65 -
Cartap: y=4.3627+1.8039x 2.2558 117.94 98.63 119.58 imidacloprid = 40:1
Cartap: y4.3674+1.7897x 2.2566 117.89 98.18 120.08 imidacloprid = 30:1
Cartap: y4.3363+1.8642x 2.2700 117.20 97.32 120.43 imidaeloprid = 20:1
Cartap: y=4.3597+1.7918x 2.2768 116.85 94.88 123.16 imidacloprid = 10:1 Cartap: y=4.3207+1.8475x 2.3317 114.10 90.61 125.92 imidacloprid = 5:1
Cartap: y=4.2689+1.7721x 2.5855 102.90 71.83 143.26 imidacloprid = 1:1 Cartap: y=4.0600+1.5837x 3.9224 67.83 53.04 127.86 imidacloprid = 1:5
Cartap: y=3.9529+1.6345x 4.3716 60.86 48.78 124.77 imidacloprid = 1:10 Cartap: y=3.8831+1.6886x 4.5860 58.01 46.34 125.19 imidacloprid = 1:20 Cartap: y=4.7584+1.6348x 4.7584 55.91 45.47 122.96 imidacloprid = 1:30
Cartap: y-3.8164+1.6978x 4.9790 53.43 45.03 118.66 imidacloprid = 1:40
It can be seen from Table 4 that, combination of the cartap and the imidacloprid in a ratio of 30:1 to 1:30 had a significant synergistic effect on Meloidogyne incognita.
(2) Determination of toxicity of combination of cartap and imidacloprid to Chilo suppressalis
Determination of toxicity to Chilo suppressalis(artificial feed mixing method): a raw agent containing 98% of cartap was dissolved with sterile water to obtain a 1,000 mg/L stock solution. A raw agent containing 95% of imidacloprid was dissolved with acetone to obtain a 1,000 mg/L stock solution. The stock solutions of the cartap and the imidacloprid were mixed in a ratio of :1, 30:1, 20:1, 10:1, 5:1, 1:1, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:30 and 1:40 respectively to obtain mixed agents. The mixed agents were diluted with sterile water to obtain a series of concentrations. 5 concentrations were used in each experiment. After mixing uniformly with artificial feed (formula referring to FAG1987), newly hatched larvae were added. Each treatment had 4 repeats and each repeat had 10 test insects, and thus a total of 40 test insects were used. Distilled water was used as a blank control. On day 5 after treatment, results were obtained where insects fail to coordinately move when touched were determined as dead.
Data was processed with the DPS software to obtain a regression equation and LC50. Combinational effect of the mixed agent was determined according to the method introduced by Sun Yunpei and Johnson (1960) and a co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) was calculated. The CTC value was used to determine the combinational toxic effect of the agent, where CTC80 indicated an antagonistic effect, 80<CTC<120 indicated an additive effect and CTC>120 indicated a synergistic effect.
Experimental results were shown in Table 5.
Table 5 Results of toxicity determination of combination of cartap and imidacloprid to Chilo suppressalis Agent Regression equation LC5 o Actual Theoretical Co-toxicity of toxicity (mg/L) toxicity toxicity index coefficient index (TTI) (CTC) (ATI)
Cartap y=2.8714+1.6495x 19.5191 10.75
Imidacloprid y=4.5274+1.4690x 2.0975 100.00
Cartap : y=2.4434+2.1482x 15.4932 13.54 12.92 104.76 imidacloprid = 40:1
Cartap: y=3.2319+1.6042x 12.6514 16.58 13.63 121.68 imidacloprid =30:1
Cartap: y=3.1439+1.7874x 10.9248 19.20 15.00 128.03 imidacloprid = 20:1 Cartap: y=3.2209+1.8672x 8.9706 23.38 18.86 123.98 imidacloprid = 10:1
Cartap: y=3.4617+1.9819x 5.9726 35.12 25.62 137.07 imidacloprid = 5:1
Cartap: y=4.2990+1.6190x 2.7102 77.39 55.37 139.77 imidacloprid = 1:1
Cartap : y=4.4771+1.8003x 1.9518 107.46 85.12 126.24 imidacloprid = 1:5
Cartap: y=4.5219+1.7631x 1.8672 112.33 91.89 122.25 imidacloprid = 1:10
Cartap: y=4.5201+1.8636x 1.8093 115.93 95.75 121.07 imidaeloprid = 1:20
Cartap: y-4.5235+1.8824x 1.7911 117.11 97.12 120.58 imidacloprid = 1:30
Cartap: y--4.4888+2.0117x 1.7951 116.85 97.82 119.45 imidaeloprid = 1:40
It can be seen from Table 5 that, combination of the cartap and the imidacloprid in a ratio of 30:1 to 1:30 had a significant synergistic effect on paddy rice Chilo sppressalis.
(3) Determination of toxicity of combination of cartap and imidacloprid to Cnaphalocrocis medinalis
Determination of toxicity to Cnaphalocrocismedinalis (rice seedling immersion method): a raw agent containing 98% of cartap was dissolved with sterile water to obtain a 1,000 mg/L stock solution. A raw agent containing 95% of imidacloprid was dissolved with acetone to obtain a 1,000 mg/L stock solution. The stock solutions of the cartap and the imidacloprid were mixed in a ratio of 40:1, 30:1, 20:1, 10:1, 5:1, 1:1, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:30 and 1:40 respectively to obtain mixed agents. The mixed agents were diluted with distilled water to obtain a series of concentrations. 5 concentrations were used in each experiment, with clean water as control. 30 rice seedlings at 7 day of age including their roots were immersed in a series of concentrations of agent solutions for 20 s, with 4 repeats for each concentration. Then the seedlings were taken out, drained until no liquid dropped down, and placed in a disposable plastic cup with a filter paper on a bottom surface in the cup. 30 min later, 10 3rd instar larvae of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis were inoculated, with 40 larvae per treatment. Then a plastic wrap was used for sealing and pierced with a no. 3 insect needle. The culture cup after inoculation was placed in a thermostat light incubator at 25±1°C, with humidity of 70±10% and a light (L)/dark (D) cycle of 16:8 h (L:D). 72 h later, number of surviving insects was checked and recorded.
Data was processed with the DPS software to obtain a regression equation and LC50. Combinational effect of the mixed agent was determined according to the method introduced by Sun Yunpei and Johnson (1960) and a co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) was calculated. The CTC value was used to determine the combinational toxic effect of the agent, where CTC<80 indicated an antagonistic effect, 80<CTC<120 indicated an additive effect and CTC>120 indicated a synergistic effect.
Experimental results were shown in Table 6.
Table 6 Results of toxicity determination of combination of cartap and imidacloprid to Cnaphalocrocismedinalis Actual Theoretical Co-toxicity Agent Regression equation LC5o toxicity toxicity index coefficient of toxicity (mg/L) index (TTI) (CTC) (ATI)
Cartap y=1.7256+2.6421x 17.3507 47.35
Imidacloprid y=3.3659+1.7865x 8.2163 100.00
Cartap: imidacloprid y=3.1721+1.5055x 16.3738 50.18 48.68 103.17 = 40:1
Cartap: imidacloprid y=3.3841+1.4272x 13.5572 60.60 49.05 123.55 =30:1
Cartap: imidacloprid y=3.2505+1.5899x 12.6008 65.20 49.86 130.77 20:1 Cartap: imidacloprid y=3.1991+1.7012x 11.4449 71.79 52.14 137.69 =10:1 Cartap: imidacloprid y=3.2076+1.7254x 10.9357 75.13 56.13 133.86 = 5:1
Cartap: imidacloprid y=3.6488+1.5640x 7.3105 112.39 73.68 152.54 =1:1
Cartap imidacloprid y=3.5789+1.7680x 6.365 129.09 91.23 141.50 1:5 Cartap: y=3.5898+1.7748x 6.2311 131.86 95.21 138.49 imidacloprid
= 1:10
Cartap: imidacloprid y=3.4811+1.8181x 6.8463 120.01 97.49 123.10 1:20
Cartap: imidacloprid y=3.4930+1.8238x 6.7035 122.57 98.30 124.68 = 1:30
Cartap: imidacloprid y=3.5130+1.7089x 7.4152 110.80 98.72 112.24 = 1:40
It can be seen from Table 6 that, combination of the cartap and the imidacloprid in a ratio of 30:1 to 1:30 had a significant synergistic effect on Cnaphalocrocismedinalis.
The above examples are intended to merely explain and illustrate the technical solution of the disclosure, rather than to limit the scope of the disclosure. It should be noted that, several improvements and modifications may be made by persons of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle of the disclosure, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the protection scope of the disclosure.
Claims (5)
1. A pesticidal composition containing cartap and imidacloprid, comprising cartap and imidacloprid as main active ingredients in a mass ratio of 30:1 to 1:30.
2. The pesticidal composition according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the cartap to the imidacloprid is 10:1 to 1:10.
3. The pesticidal composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein a total mass percentage of the cartap and the imidacloprid in the pesticidal composition is 2-90%.
4. The pesticidal composition according to claim 1, wherein the pesticidal composition is formulated into any dosage form by using the cartap and the imidacloprid as the main active ingredients and a pesticidally acceptable auxiliary.
5. The pesticidal composition according to claim 4, wherein the dosage form is a suspension, a dispersible oil suspension, a water dispersible granule, a broadcasting granule, a microemulsion, or an aqueous solution; and the auxiliary is one or more of a wetting agent, a dispersant, a filler (carrier), an emulsifier, a thickener, an organic solvent, a disintegrant, a binder, a defoamer, an antifreeze, a preservative, an acid, and water;
wherein the wetting agent is selected from one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate and nekal; the dispersant is selected from one or more of sodium lignosulfonate, polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, polycarboxylate (such as GY-D800, GY-D900 and GY-D07), and alkyl naphthalene sulfonate; the filler is selected from one or more of kaolin, starch, talc, white carbon black, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, and montmorillonite; the emulsifier is selected from one or more of calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate sulfate SOPA270, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, cashew nut oil polyoxyethylene ether, Nongru 400#, Nongru 33#, Nongru 44#, and Nongru 600#; the thickener is selected from one or more of organic bentonite, magnesium aluminum silicate, and xanthan gum; the organic solvent is selected from one or more of methyl oleate, soybean oil, cyclohexanone, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl formamide (DMF), nitrogen methylpyrrolidone, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and aromatic hydrocarbon S-200 solvent; the disintegrant is selected from one or more of ammonium sulfate or sodium sulfate; the defoamer is a silicone defoamer; the binder is selected from one or more of polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 600, polyethylene glycol 6000, polyethylene glycol 4000, polyvinyl alcohol 1788, and povidone K30; the antifreeze is selected from one or more of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, and urea; the preservative is one or more of sodium benzoate or kathon; the acid is selected from one or more of phosphoric acid, citric acid, and sulfuric acid; and the water is deionized water; wherein, when the dosage form is the suspension, the auxiliary comprises the emulsifier, the dispersant, the wetting agent, the thickener, the defoamer, the antifreeze, the preservative and the solvent; and a preparation method is: adding the water, the dispersant, the wetting agent, the imidacloprid, part of the thickener, the defoamer, the antifreeze, and the preservative to a shearing kettle, shearing unifonnly, grinding to a particle size (D90) 3 tm with a 50 L horizontal sand mill, adding the remaining thickener and the cartap, and shearing uniformly to obtain the suspension; when the dosage form is the dispersible oil suspension, the auxiliary comprises the dispersant, the emulsifier, the thickener and the solvent; and a preparation method is: adding the solvent, the emulsifier, the dispersant, the thickener, the cartap and the imidacloprid in sequence to a shearing kettle, shearing uniformly, and grinding to a particle size (D90) <5pm with a horizontal sand mill to obtain the dispersible oil suspension; when the dosage form is the water dispersible granule, the auxiliary comprises the wetting agent, the dispersant, the disintegrant and the filler; and a preparation method is: adding the filler, the disintegrant, the cartap, the imidacloprid, the wetting agent and the dispersant in sequence to a stirring device, stirring uniformly, pulverizing to 800-1,250 meshes by ajet mill, kneading an obtained powder material with water, preparing into a cylindrical granule having a diameter of 0.5 or 0.8 mm with a rotary extrusion granulator, drying and screening to obtain the water dispersible granule; when the dosage form is the broadcasting granule, the auxiliary comprises the binder and the filler; and a preparation method is: adding the cartap, the imidacloprid, the binder and the filler to a stirring device, stirring uniformly and passing through a counter roller extrusion granulator to obtain the broadcasting granule having a particle size of 2-6 mm; when the dosage form is the microemulsion, the auxiliary comprises the emulsifier, the organic solvent and the water; and a preparation method is: dissolving the imidacloprid and the emulsifier completely with the solvent, adding the water, stirring uniformly, adding a water soluble cartap, stirring and dissolving completely to obtain the microemulsion; when the dosage form is the aqueous solution, the auxiliary comprises the emulsifier, the acid and the water; and a preparation method is: adding the acid to the water, adding the imidacloprid to an obtained acid solution, dissolving completely, adding the emulsifier, stirring to clearness, adding the cartap, stirring and dissolving completely to obtain the aqueous solution.
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