ATE98703T1 - Entfernung von rost und mittel hierfuer. - Google Patents
Entfernung von rost und mittel hierfuer.Info
- Publication number
- ATE98703T1 ATE98703T1 AT88309813T AT88309813T ATE98703T1 AT E98703 T1 ATE98703 T1 AT E98703T1 AT 88309813 T AT88309813 T AT 88309813T AT 88309813 T AT88309813 T AT 88309813T AT E98703 T1 ATE98703 T1 AT E98703T1
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- agent
- rust removal
- phosphonate
- benzotriazole
- dispersant
- Prior art date
Links
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 2
- BAERPNBPLZWCES-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxy-1-phosphonoethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OCC(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O BAERPNBPLZWCES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/24—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with neutral solutions
- C23G1/26—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with neutral solutions using inhibitors
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/111,898 US4810405A (en) | 1987-10-21 | 1987-10-21 | Rust removal and composition thereof |
| EP88309813A EP0313335B1 (de) | 1987-10-21 | 1988-10-19 | Entfernung von Rost und Mittel hierfür |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ATE98703T1 true ATE98703T1 (de) | 1994-01-15 |
Family
ID=22341031
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT88309813T ATE98703T1 (de) | 1987-10-21 | 1988-10-19 | Entfernung von rost und mittel hierfuer. |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4810405A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0313335B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2839146B2 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE98703T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU610650B2 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA1311670C (de) |
| DE (1) | DE3886345T2 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2060659T3 (de) |
| NZ (1) | NZ226624A (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA887046B (de) |
Families Citing this family (77)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5199995A (en) * | 1989-09-22 | 1993-04-06 | Seisui Co., Ltd. | Compounds for removing iron rust scales from water pipes and method therefor |
| US5078894A (en) * | 1990-04-30 | 1992-01-07 | Arch Development Corporation | Formulations for iron oxides dissolution |
| US5171477A (en) * | 1991-05-31 | 1992-12-15 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Corrosion inhibition in chelant solutions |
| US5466297A (en) * | 1991-08-08 | 1995-11-14 | Nalco Chemical Company | Process for removal of primarily iron oxide deposits |
| US5534177A (en) * | 1992-02-14 | 1996-07-09 | Mayhan; Kenneth G. | Compositions useful for removing products of metal corrosion |
| US5578239A (en) * | 1992-04-29 | 1996-11-26 | Benetech, Inc. | Methods for treating coke and coal and products produced thereby |
| US5536429A (en) * | 1992-04-29 | 1996-07-16 | Benetech, Inc. | Method for treating coke and coal and products produced thereby |
| US5310494A (en) * | 1992-04-29 | 1994-05-10 | Natec Resources, Inc. | Method for controlling dusting of coke and coal |
| GB2272431B (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1997-04-09 | Grace W R & Co | Inhibition of corrosion in aqueous systems |
| WO1994012689A1 (fr) * | 1992-11-25 | 1994-06-09 | Firm 'kvin' | Procede d'elimination de produits de corrosion d'une surface metallique et son compose de mise en ×uvre |
| CA2087199C (en) * | 1992-12-17 | 2003-10-14 | Donald T. Freese | Method and compositions for removing deposits from cooling water systems |
| GB2285051A (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-06-28 | Procter & Gamble | Rinse aid composition |
| WO1996009899A1 (en) * | 1994-09-26 | 1996-04-04 | E.R. Squibb & Sons, Inc. | Stainless steel acid treatment |
| DE69515049T2 (de) * | 1994-10-13 | 2000-06-21 | Catachem, Inc. | Verfahren zum minimieren des lösungsmittelabbaus und korrosion in aminlösungsmittelbehandlungssystemen |
| US5801133A (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 1998-09-01 | Buckman Laboratories International Inc. | Effective alternative filter cleaner for biguanide treated recreational water systems |
| WO1996035645A1 (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1996-11-14 | Chem Pro Laboratory, Inc. | Corrosion products removal methods and compositions for use therein |
| US5895781A (en) * | 1997-12-22 | 1999-04-20 | S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. | Cleaning compositions for ceramic and porcelain surfaces and related methods |
| US6197736B1 (en) | 1998-12-22 | 2001-03-06 | The Boeing Company | Alkaline cleaning solution |
| US6103680A (en) * | 1998-12-31 | 2000-08-15 | Arch Specialty Chemicals, Inc. | Non-corrosive cleaning composition and method for removing photoresist and/or plasma etching residues |
| JP2002536545A (ja) * | 1999-02-05 | 2002-10-29 | ベッツディアボーン・インコーポレーテッド | 洗浄剤組成物及びその使用 |
| WO2000058228A1 (en) * | 1999-03-26 | 2000-10-05 | Calgon Corporation | Rust and scale removal composition and process |
| RU2146232C1 (ru) * | 1999-06-09 | 2000-03-10 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский институт экологических проблем в металлургии" | Состав для предотвращения карбонатных, сульфатных, железоокисных отложений |
| RU2148106C1 (ru) * | 1999-06-11 | 2000-04-27 | 25 Государственный научно-исследовательский институт Министерства обороны Российской Федерации (по применению топлив, масел, смазок и специальных жидкостей - 25 ГосНИИ МО РФ по химмотологии) | Раствор для очистки от высокотемпературных отложений металлических поверхностей |
| WO2000078403A1 (en) * | 1999-06-24 | 2000-12-28 | The University Of Chicago | Method for the decontamination of metallic surfaces |
| DE19959592A1 (de) * | 1999-12-10 | 2001-06-13 | Nusko Robert | Reaktionsmischung und Verfahren zur Auflösung von schwerlöslichen chemischen Verbindungen |
| ATE355257T1 (de) | 1999-12-10 | 2006-03-15 | Spaene Kg R | Verfahren zur entfernung von ablagerungen aus wasserführenden systemen und einrichtungen zur wasserversorgung |
| US6240935B1 (en) | 2000-03-30 | 2001-06-05 | The Boeing Company | Boelube R dissolving alkaline cleaning solution |
| WO2001097268A1 (fr) * | 2000-06-16 | 2001-12-20 | Kao Corporation | Composion detergente |
| US6348440B1 (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2002-02-19 | Betzdearborn Inc. | Method of cleaning a metal surface |
| US6432210B1 (en) | 2000-08-31 | 2002-08-13 | The Ford Meter Box Company, Inc. | Method for treating brass |
| US6830629B2 (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2004-12-14 | The Ford Meter Box Company, Inc. | Method for treating brass |
| US6447616B1 (en) | 2000-08-31 | 2002-09-10 | The Ford Meter Box Company | Method for treating brass |
| WO2002036504A2 (en) * | 2000-11-03 | 2002-05-10 | Ge Betz, Inc. | Method for cleaning blinded filter media and preventing filter blinding |
| JP2003253478A (ja) * | 2002-03-01 | 2003-09-10 | Japan Organo Co Ltd | 水系用の有機系防食剤及び水系の防食方法 |
| RU2181702C1 (ru) * | 2001-04-26 | 2002-04-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский институт по нефтепромысловой химии" | Состав для предотвращения неорганических солеотложений, включающих соединения железа |
| RU2198852C1 (ru) * | 2001-06-13 | 2003-02-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Новолипецкий металлургический комбинат" | Состав для предотвращения карбонатных, сульфатных, железоокисных отложений |
| RU2205157C2 (ru) * | 2001-07-23 | 2003-05-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Экоэнерго" | Состав для ингибирования солеотложений и коррозии и способ его получения |
| RU2212474C2 (ru) * | 2001-12-03 | 2003-09-20 | ОАО "Череповецкий "Азот" | Состав для ингибирования солеотложений, коррозии и отмывки оборудования в системах оборотного водоснабжения |
| US20040094236A1 (en) * | 2002-11-14 | 2004-05-20 | Crown Technology, Inc. | Methods for passivating stainless steel |
| UA68727C2 (uk) * | 2003-10-13 | 2007-01-15 | Товариство З Обмеженою Відповідальністю "Сєвєродонецький Завод Реагентів І Водоочисного Устаткування" | Композиція для інгібування корозії та солевідкладень (варіанти) |
| US20060042663A1 (en) * | 2004-08-25 | 2006-03-02 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method for removing iron deposits from within closed loop systems |
| EP1652969A1 (de) * | 2004-10-28 | 2006-05-03 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Entrostungszusammensetzung und Entrostungsverfahren |
| US7611588B2 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2009-11-03 | Ecolab Inc. | Methods and compositions for removing metal oxides |
| US7166758B2 (en) * | 2005-03-26 | 2007-01-23 | Luis Nunez | Foam and gel methods for the decontamination of metallic surfaces |
| RU2307798C1 (ru) * | 2006-01-19 | 2007-10-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенный центр исследований и разработок" | Состав для ингибирования солеотложений при добыче нефти (варианты) |
| US20080286471A1 (en) * | 2007-05-18 | 2008-11-20 | Doubleday Marc D | Protective gel for an electrical connection |
| EP2090676A1 (de) * | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-19 | Ateco Services AG | Verfahren zur Entfernung von Belägen und Ablagerungen |
| US8192550B2 (en) | 2008-02-01 | 2012-06-05 | Ateco Services Ag | Use of an aqueous neutral cleaning solution and method for removing rouging from stainless steel surfaces |
| US20110083701A1 (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2011-04-14 | General Electric Company | Process to clean gas turbine fuel chamber components |
| CN102134723A (zh) * | 2011-01-24 | 2011-07-27 | 朱建清 | 一种中性除油除锈剂 |
| JP5924895B2 (ja) * | 2011-09-29 | 2016-05-25 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | 金属製フィルタの洗浄方法及び金属製フィルタ洗浄装置、並びに金属製フィルタ用洗浄液 |
| US9017767B2 (en) | 2012-06-13 | 2015-04-28 | Benetech, Inc. | Method of suppressing dust in piles and railcars using plasticized cellulose ethers |
| US9267063B2 (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2016-02-23 | Benetech, Inc. | Dust suppression formulas using plasticized cellulose ethers |
| EP2946005A1 (de) * | 2013-01-17 | 2015-11-25 | Archroma IP GmbH | System zum entfernen von eisenoxid von oberflächen |
| CN103409763B (zh) * | 2013-08-16 | 2016-02-17 | 深圳市爱康泉水处理服务有限公司 | 一种清洗剂用组合物和清洗剂及其应用 |
| CN103590060A (zh) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-02-19 | 上海斯瑞文特种油品科技有限公司 | 一种新型高效环保的中性除锈剂及其制作工艺 |
| JP6071857B2 (ja) * | 2013-11-29 | 2017-02-01 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 溶解除去組成物 |
| JP6071856B2 (ja) * | 2013-11-29 | 2017-02-01 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 溶解除去組成物 |
| RU2564329C1 (ru) * | 2014-07-16 | 2015-09-27 | Открытое Акционерное Общество "Научно-исследовательский институт по нефтепромысловой химии" (ОАО "НИИнефтепромхим") | Состав для предотвращения неорганических отложений |
| RU2599150C1 (ru) * | 2015-08-03 | 2016-10-10 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский горный университет" | Состав для предотвращения образования отложений солей при добыче нефти и газа |
| DE102015114481B4 (de) * | 2015-08-31 | 2018-05-09 | Nikolay Tzvetkov Tzvetkov | Wässrig-neutrale derouging-, entrostungs-, passivierungs- und dekontaminierungslösungen und verfahren zu ihrer verwendung |
| ITUB20155513A1 (it) * | 2015-11-12 | 2017-05-12 | Gel Srl | Kit per la protezione e contemporanea rimozione di ossidi metallici da un impianto idraulico di riscaldamento a circuito chiuso. |
| KR101715372B1 (ko) * | 2016-05-26 | 2017-03-15 | 이종호 | 녹 제거 및 방지용 조성물, 및 이를 제조하는 방법 |
| RU2637537C1 (ru) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-12-05 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Санкт-Петербургский горный университет" | Состав для предотвращения солеотложений при добыче нефти |
| JP6766090B2 (ja) * | 2018-04-19 | 2020-10-07 | 三菱パワー株式会社 | 排熱回収ボイラ及び洗浄方法 |
| US11535911B2 (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2022-12-27 | Solenis Technologies, L.P. | Method for reducing formation of CaSO4 and Fe2O3 containing deposits in a pressure oxidation autoclave and/or adjacent circuits during pressure oxidation of gold-containing ore |
| EP4077598A1 (de) | 2019-12-20 | 2022-10-26 | BL Technologies, Inc. | Verfahren zur minimierung von verschmutzung, korrosion und lösungsmittelabbau in niedertemperaturraffinerie- und erdgasverfahren |
| CN111575721A (zh) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-08-25 | 苏州杜玛科技有限公司 | 基于有机膦酸的高温氧化物清洗剂、制备及使用方法 |
| CN111663142A (zh) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-09-15 | 天津全诚桓金环保科技有限公司 | 一种用于清除板式换热器内锈垢的清洗剂及其制备方法 |
| CN113061894B (zh) * | 2021-03-02 | 2023-04-25 | 福建宁德核电有限公司 | 缓蚀剂及其制备方法、闭式冷却水系统的缓蚀方法 |
| JP7782960B2 (ja) * | 2021-03-31 | 2025-12-09 | 花王株式会社 | 自動食器洗浄機用洗浄剤組成物 |
| CN113862684B (zh) * | 2021-09-26 | 2024-01-23 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | 马氏体不锈钢t91材质过热器氧化皮化学清洗剂及清洗方法 |
| CN115959780A (zh) * | 2021-10-12 | 2023-04-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 循环水处理用组合物及其应用以及预膜处理方法 |
| PL4377429T3 (pl) * | 2022-01-07 | 2025-10-06 | Adey Holdings (2008) Limited | Produkt czyszczący do systemu centralnego ogrzewania |
| CN114457341A (zh) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-05-10 | 深圳市金安盛首饰有限公司 | 一种金饰清洗液及其制备方法 |
| CN114574867B (zh) * | 2022-02-22 | 2024-02-06 | 苏州工业园区科瑞达新材料技术有限公司 | 一种除锈剂及其制备方法与应用 |
| CN115233231B (zh) * | 2022-07-29 | 2024-08-20 | 北京蓝星清洗有限公司 | 具有清洗功能的组合物和应用 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3072502A (en) * | 1961-02-14 | 1963-01-08 | Pfizer & Co C | Process for removing copper-containing iron oxide scale from metal surfaces |
| US3803047A (en) * | 1966-09-22 | 1974-04-09 | Grace W R & Co | Organic phosphonic acid compound corrosion protection in aqueous systems |
| US3803048A (en) * | 1966-09-22 | 1974-04-09 | Grace W R & Co | Organic phosphonic acid compound corrosion protection in aqueous systems |
| US3879288A (en) * | 1970-07-01 | 1975-04-22 | Frederick Herman Siegele | Process of inhibiting scale formation on walls of structures containing an aqueous system |
| US3898037A (en) * | 1972-06-01 | 1975-08-05 | Betz Laboratories | Acrylamido-sulfonic acid polymers and their use |
| JPS501689A (de) * | 1973-05-07 | 1975-01-09 | ||
| JPS503740A (de) * | 1973-05-16 | 1975-01-16 | ||
| US3941562A (en) * | 1973-06-04 | 1976-03-02 | Calgon Corporation | Corrosion inhibition |
| JPS5242748A (en) * | 1975-10-01 | 1977-04-02 | Hitachi Ltd | Process for detecting the position and shape of an object |
| US4067690A (en) * | 1976-05-04 | 1978-01-10 | Chemed Corporation | Boiler water treatment |
| JPS5344138A (en) * | 1976-10-05 | 1978-04-20 | Canon Inc | Electronic calculator |
| US4132526A (en) * | 1976-11-12 | 1979-01-02 | Betz Laboratories, Inc. | Process for protecting asbestos-cement bearing surfaces in recirculating cooling water systems |
| US4342652A (en) * | 1978-09-25 | 1982-08-03 | American Cyanamid Company | Process for scale inhibition in evaporative desalination units |
| US4278635A (en) * | 1979-10-12 | 1981-07-14 | Chemed Corporation | Method for deoxygenation of water |
| US4279768A (en) * | 1980-02-04 | 1981-07-21 | Fremont Industries, Inc. | Service descaler for aqueous systems |
| JPS5715895A (en) * | 1980-06-30 | 1982-01-27 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Scale dissolving and removing agnet for boiler |
| US4350606A (en) * | 1980-10-03 | 1982-09-21 | Dearborn Chemical Company | Composition and method for inhibiting corrosion |
| US4430128A (en) * | 1980-12-05 | 1984-02-07 | The Dow Chemical Company | Aqueous acid composition and method of use |
| EP0104012A3 (de) * | 1982-09-21 | 1985-08-21 | Halliburton Company | Zusammensetzung und Verfahren zur gleichzeitigen Entfernung von Eisen- und Kupferablagerungen von Eisenoberflächen |
| US4631131A (en) * | 1983-12-08 | 1986-12-23 | R. W. Grace & Co. | Method for inhibiting scale |
| US4600524A (en) * | 1983-12-08 | 1986-07-15 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Composition and method for inhibiting scale |
| GB2157322B (en) * | 1984-03-29 | 1987-10-21 | Diversey Limited | Removal of iron oxide deposits |
| US4664811A (en) * | 1985-07-01 | 1987-05-12 | Nalco Chemical Company | Prevention of iron fouling of ion exchange resins |
| US4649025A (en) * | 1985-09-16 | 1987-03-10 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Anti-corrosion composition |
| US4681737A (en) * | 1985-09-17 | 1987-07-21 | Calgon Corporation | Stabilized sodium erythorbate boiler corrosion inhibitor compositions and methods |
| AU8031787A (en) * | 1986-08-28 | 1988-03-24 | Wright Chemical Corp. | Polyethylene glycol-containing corrosion inhibitors |
-
1987
- 1987-10-21 US US07/111,898 patent/US4810405A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1988
- 1988-09-21 ZA ZA887046A patent/ZA887046B/xx unknown
- 1988-10-18 AU AU23930/88A patent/AU610650B2/en not_active Expired
- 1988-10-19 ES ES88309813T patent/ES2060659T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-10-19 AT AT88309813T patent/ATE98703T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-10-19 NZ NZ226624A patent/NZ226624A/xx unknown
- 1988-10-19 EP EP88309813A patent/EP0313335B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-10-19 DE DE88309813T patent/DE3886345T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-10-20 CA CA000580736A patent/CA1311670C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-10-20 JP JP63263000A patent/JP2839146B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NZ226624A (en) | 1990-03-27 |
| JPH01142092A (ja) | 1989-06-02 |
| DE3886345D1 (de) | 1994-01-27 |
| EP0313335A1 (de) | 1989-04-26 |
| ZA887046B (en) | 1989-06-28 |
| US4810405A (en) | 1989-03-07 |
| AU610650B2 (en) | 1991-05-23 |
| CA1311670C (en) | 1992-12-22 |
| JP2839146B2 (ja) | 1998-12-16 |
| DE3886345T2 (de) | 1994-03-31 |
| EP0313335B1 (de) | 1993-12-15 |
| ES2060659T3 (es) | 1994-12-01 |
| AU2393088A (en) | 1989-04-27 |
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