ATE490891T1 - Energieabsorbierendes element für kraftfahrzeuge zum schutz von fussgängern - Google Patents
Energieabsorbierendes element für kraftfahrzeuge zum schutz von fussgängernInfo
- Publication number
- ATE490891T1 ATE490891T1 AT03793006T AT03793006T ATE490891T1 AT E490891 T1 ATE490891 T1 AT E490891T1 AT 03793006 T AT03793006 T AT 03793006T AT 03793006 T AT03793006 T AT 03793006T AT E490891 T1 ATE490891 T1 AT E490891T1
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- motor vehicles
- energy absorbing
- absorbing element
- energy absorber
- protect pedestrians
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
- B62D21/15—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted having impact absorbing means, e.g. a frame designed to permanently or temporarily change shape or dimension upon impact with another body
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/03—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by material, e.g. composite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
- B60R2011/0042—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by mounting means
- B60R2011/0049—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for characterised by mounting means for non integrated articles
- B60R2011/005—Connection with the vehicle part
- B60R2011/0052—Connection with the vehicle part using screws, bolts, rivets or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
- B60R2019/1806—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing
- B60R2019/1833—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing made of plastic material
- B60R2019/1853—Structural beams therefor, e.g. shock-absorbing made of plastic material of reinforced plastic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
- B60R2019/186—Additional energy absorbing means supported on bumber beams, e.g. cellular structures or material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
- B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
- B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
- B60R2019/186—Additional energy absorbing means supported on bumber beams, e.g. cellular structures or material
- B60R2019/1866—Cellular structures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/34—Protecting non-occupants of a vehicle, e.g. pedestrians
- B60R2021/346—Protecting non-occupants of a vehicle, e.g. pedestrians means outside vehicle body
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/34—Protecting non-occupants of a vehicle, e.g. pedestrians
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Vibration Dampers (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US40579302P | 2002-08-23 | 2002-08-23 | |
US10/617,219 US6923494B2 (en) | 2002-08-23 | 2003-07-10 | Pedestrian energy absorber for automotive vehicles |
PCT/US2003/023986 WO2004018261A1 (en) | 2002-08-23 | 2003-07-31 | Pedestrian energy absorber for automotive vehicles |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ATE490891T1 true ATE490891T1 (de) | 2010-12-15 |
Family
ID=31891521
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AT03793006T ATE490891T1 (de) | 2002-08-23 | 2003-07-31 | Energieabsorbierendes element für kraftfahrzeuge zum schutz von fussgängern |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6923494B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1545938B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2005536392A (de) |
KR (1) | KR101004181B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE490891T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2003257086B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE60335272D1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004018261A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (66)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL1017483C2 (nl) * | 2001-03-02 | 2002-09-03 | Tno | Bumperinrichting. |
JP2007524535A (ja) * | 2003-07-03 | 2007-08-30 | ネットシェイプ・インターナショナル・リミテッド・ライアビリティ・カンパニー | 熱成形エネルギー吸収体を組み込んだバンパーシステム |
US7073831B2 (en) * | 2004-06-23 | 2006-07-11 | Netshape International Llc | Bumper with crush cones and energy absorber |
US7228723B2 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2007-06-12 | Netshape Energy Management Llc | Bumper impact-testing device |
EP1805001A1 (de) * | 2004-10-22 | 2007-07-11 | Dow Gloval Technologies Inc. | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur herstellung verstärkter verbundformartikel aus kunststoff |
US7163243B2 (en) * | 2004-12-13 | 2007-01-16 | Netshape International, Llc | Bumper for pedestrian impact having thermoformed energy absorber |
US7510232B2 (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2009-03-31 | Nissan Technical Center North America, Inc. | Bumper with an override feature |
US20070200376A1 (en) * | 2006-02-16 | 2007-08-30 | Jaarda Eric J | Dual stage energy absorber |
US7568746B2 (en) | 2006-02-16 | 2009-08-04 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Dual stage energy absorber |
JP4316575B2 (ja) * | 2006-02-24 | 2009-08-19 | 小島プレス工業株式会社 | 車両用衝撃吸収構造体及びその取付構造 |
US7625036B2 (en) | 2006-04-04 | 2009-12-01 | Oakwood Energy Management, Inc. | Multi-sectional modular energy absorber and method for configuring same |
JP4298760B2 (ja) | 2007-03-01 | 2009-07-22 | 林テレンプ株式会社 | バンパーアブソーバー |
JP4330652B2 (ja) | 2007-03-28 | 2009-09-16 | ユニプレス株式会社 | 車両用金属製アブソーバ、車両用バンパシステム、自動車バンパ用アブソーバ及び自動車バンパシステム |
JP4815387B2 (ja) * | 2007-04-25 | 2011-11-16 | 株式会社イノアックコーポレーション | 衝撃吸収部材 |
JP4533924B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-26 | 2010-09-01 | 小島プレス工業株式会社 | 車両用衝撃吸収構造体 |
US8215686B2 (en) * | 2007-12-31 | 2012-07-10 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Fascia energy absorber, bumper system and process |
US8016331B2 (en) * | 2008-02-14 | 2011-09-13 | Shape Corp. | Energy absorber with sidewall stabilizer ribs |
WO2009120023A2 (ko) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-01 | 주식회사 아펙스 | 자동차용 에너지 업소버 |
US7866716B2 (en) | 2008-04-08 | 2011-01-11 | Flex-N-Gate Corporation | Energy absorber for vehicle |
US20090256370A1 (en) * | 2008-04-09 | 2009-10-15 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Bumper energy absorbers for pedestrian safety |
KR101010138B1 (ko) * | 2008-05-14 | 2011-01-24 | 성준엽 | 자동차용 에너지 업소버 |
US20100102580A1 (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2010-04-29 | Brooks Ryan J | Energy absorber with differentiating angled walls |
US7806448B2 (en) * | 2008-11-04 | 2010-10-05 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Vehicle bumper system with energy absorber |
JP2010195228A (ja) * | 2009-02-25 | 2010-09-09 | Unipres Corp | 車両用衝撃低減バンパー装置 |
JP5620078B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-03 | 2014-11-05 | 富士重工業株式会社 | 車両用衝撃吸収バンパの衝撃吸収材 |
DE102009040602A1 (de) * | 2009-09-08 | 2011-03-10 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Stoßfänger und Stoßfängerbaukasten |
WO2011057103A2 (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2011-05-12 | Shape Corp. | Energy absorber with lobes providing uniform pedestrian impact |
US9033399B2 (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2015-05-19 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Energy absorber elements and vehicle systems |
CN102791539A (zh) * | 2010-03-05 | 2012-11-21 | 沙普公司 | 引擎罩行人吸能器 |
US8684427B2 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2014-04-01 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Reinforced plastic energy absorber system |
US9238443B2 (en) | 2010-12-17 | 2016-01-19 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Blow molded energy absorber and systems and methods of making and using the same |
US8424629B2 (en) | 2011-03-09 | 2013-04-23 | Shape Corp. | Vehicle energy absorber for pedestrian's upper leg |
US9114767B2 (en) * | 2011-05-18 | 2015-08-25 | Un Deok Jeong | Bumper back beam for vehicle |
KR101974469B1 (ko) * | 2011-10-24 | 2019-05-02 | 한화 아즈델 인코포레이티드 | 딥 드로우 복합물 및 이를 사용하는 방법 |
US10005408B2 (en) * | 2011-11-03 | 2018-06-26 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Energy absorbing system for conflicting regulatory requirements for vehicle bumpers |
WO2013082261A1 (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-06-06 | Shape Corp. | Vehicle with body-mounted energy absorber apparatus |
JP5618973B2 (ja) * | 2011-12-13 | 2014-11-05 | 豊田鉄工株式会社 | 車両用バンパービーム |
US8876179B2 (en) | 2012-02-01 | 2014-11-04 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Energy absorbing assembly and methods of making and using the same |
US9731669B2 (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2017-08-15 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Energy absorbing system |
WO2013172137A1 (ja) * | 2012-05-15 | 2013-11-21 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 衝撃吸収部材 |
US9033380B2 (en) | 2012-05-23 | 2015-05-19 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Energy absorber with staggered, vertically oriented crush lobes |
JP5987638B2 (ja) * | 2012-10-31 | 2016-09-07 | マツダ株式会社 | 車両の車体構造 |
JP6525882B2 (ja) * | 2012-11-13 | 2019-06-05 | ハンファ アズデル インコーポレイテッド | フリムを含む物品およびそれらを用いる方法 |
US8973957B2 (en) | 2013-04-22 | 2015-03-10 | Shape Corp. | Bumper energy absorber with sensor and configured lobes |
EP3030611B1 (de) * | 2013-08-06 | 2019-06-05 | Neenah Technical Materials Inc. | Gewebeloses starres verbundmaterial |
GB2519810A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2015-05-06 | Gm Global Tech Operations Inc | Vehicle front structure |
US9415708B2 (en) | 2014-02-18 | 2016-08-16 | Oakwood Energy Management, Inc. | Conformable energy absorber |
US9622533B2 (en) | 2014-03-13 | 2017-04-18 | Kranos Ip Corporation | Single-layer padding system |
KR102617584B1 (ko) | 2014-11-13 | 2023-12-26 | 한화 아즈델 인코포레이티드 | 팽창성 흑연 재료를 포함한 프리프레그, 코어 및 복합품 |
WO2016152374A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-24 | 2016-09-29 | 帝人株式会社 | 樹脂製構造体及び車両用部品 |
EP3294544A4 (de) | 2015-05-12 | 2019-02-20 | Hanwha Azdel, Inc. | Unterbodenabschirmungszusammensetzung und artikel mit verbesserter schälfestigkeit und verfahren zur verwendung davon |
KR20180018698A (ko) | 2015-06-12 | 2018-02-21 | 한화 아즈델 인코포레이티드 | 내충격성 하부 차폐재와 물품 및 이의 사용 방법 |
CN108778664B (zh) | 2015-11-11 | 2021-11-26 | 汉华阿兹德尔股份有限公司 | 声学预浸料、芯和复合材料制品及其使用方法 |
US10065587B2 (en) | 2015-11-23 | 2018-09-04 | Flex|N|Gate Corporation | Multi-layer energy absorber |
DE102016206642A1 (de) * | 2016-04-20 | 2017-10-26 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Strukturbauteil |
KR20240005225A (ko) | 2016-12-12 | 2024-01-11 | 한화 아즈델 인코포레이티드 | 향상된 성형성을 제공하는 표면층을 포함하는 복합 물품 |
US10532718B2 (en) | 2017-05-18 | 2020-01-14 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Bumper assemblies including deformable upper energy absorbers |
IT201700103763A1 (it) * | 2017-09-15 | 2019-03-15 | Srt S R L | Elemento ad assorbimento d’urto polimerico per un veicolo e struttura paraurti |
CN112074402A (zh) | 2018-01-05 | 2020-12-11 | 汉华阿兹德尔股份有限公司 | 提供阻燃性和降噪的复合制品 |
EP3578356B1 (de) | 2018-06-06 | 2022-04-06 | Hanwha Azdel, Inc. | Verbundartikel mit strukturierten folien und freizeitfahrzeugartikel damit |
KR102188923B1 (ko) | 2018-11-27 | 2020-12-09 | 한국항공우주연구원 | 다단 복합재 충돌에너지 흡수장치 |
TR201819392A2 (tr) * | 2018-12-14 | 2020-06-22 | Tofas Tuerk Otomobil Fabrikasi Anonim Sirketi | Bi̇r çarpişma traversi̇ |
US11866557B2 (en) | 2019-07-18 | 2024-01-09 | Hanwha Azdel, Inc. | Composite articles with reduced discoloration and methods of promoting or reducing color changes in composite articles |
FR3102119A1 (fr) * | 2019-10-21 | 2021-04-23 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Traverse pare-chocs pour véhicule automobile |
JPWO2022004221A1 (de) * | 2020-06-30 | 2022-01-06 | ||
JP7564992B2 (ja) | 2021-01-21 | 2024-10-10 | トヨタ車体株式会社 | バンパーアブソーバ |
Family Cites Families (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS57154546U (de) * | 1981-03-24 | 1982-09-28 | ||
JPS596152A (ja) * | 1982-07-02 | 1984-01-13 | Mazda Motor Corp | 自動車用バンパ−の衝撃吸収体 |
JPS6037457U (ja) * | 1983-08-24 | 1985-03-15 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 自動車用バンパ−構造 |
US4871612A (en) * | 1986-09-05 | 1989-10-03 | Inoue Mtp Kabushiki Kaisha | Interior member for vehicles and method for its manufacture |
JPH01168543A (ja) * | 1987-12-24 | 1989-07-04 | Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 車輌用衝撃エネルギー吸収バンパー |
US4961700A (en) * | 1988-12-15 | 1990-10-09 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Shaping means for the production of fiber-reinforced preform articles |
DE69022566T2 (de) * | 1989-07-10 | 1996-02-22 | Ube Nitto Kasei Co | Stanzbares blatt aus faserverstaerktem thermoplastischem kunststoff und giesserzeugnis daraus. |
JPH07100459B2 (ja) * | 1989-10-04 | 1995-11-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Frp構造体 |
GB9219905D0 (en) * | 1992-09-19 | 1992-11-04 | Univ Liverpool | Lectins |
JP2585117Y2 (ja) * | 1993-02-19 | 1998-11-11 | 西川化成株式会社 | ガラス繊維強化樹脂製バンパービーム |
JPH0769147A (ja) * | 1993-08-31 | 1995-03-14 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | バンパステー構造 |
US5425561A (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 1995-06-20 | General Motors Corporation | Flexible insert for an automotive bumper |
US5601679A (en) | 1994-04-11 | 1997-02-11 | General Electric Company | Thermoformed composite article of manufacture and process for producing said article |
WO1995032326A1 (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 1995-11-30 | Davidson Textron Inc. | Composite motor vehicle bumper beam |
JP3327030B2 (ja) * | 1995-01-27 | 2002-09-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 衝突エネルギ吸収装置およびその取付け構造 |
JPH08207679A (ja) * | 1995-02-08 | 1996-08-13 | Kobe Steel Ltd | エネルギー吸収部材 |
JPH08310317A (ja) * | 1995-05-16 | 1996-11-26 | Nippon G Ii Plast Kk | バンパービーム |
US5967592A (en) * | 1998-03-23 | 1999-10-19 | The Budd Company | Hollow FRP bumper |
FR2777615B1 (fr) * | 1998-04-15 | 2000-12-29 | Plastic Omnium Cie | Absorbeur de chocs a section ondulee et pare-chocs muni d'un tel absorbeur de chocs |
US6082792A (en) * | 1998-05-07 | 2000-07-04 | General Electric Company | Vehicle bumper |
FR2790527B1 (fr) * | 1999-03-05 | 2001-05-11 | Plastic Omnium Cie | Absorbeur de chocs cloisonne realise en deux blocs emboites et poutre de pare-chocs comportant un tel absorbeur de chocs |
FR2796021B1 (fr) * | 1999-07-05 | 2001-10-19 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Poutre de pare-chocs pour vehicules automobiles |
US6406081B1 (en) * | 2001-03-20 | 2002-06-18 | General Electric Company | Energy absorber system |
US6609740B2 (en) * | 2001-04-16 | 2003-08-26 | Shape Corporation | Bumper system with face-mounted energy absorber |
CN100488812C (zh) * | 2001-09-12 | 2009-05-20 | 沙伯基础创新塑料知识产权有限公司 | 缓冲梁和包括缓冲梁的缓冲装置 |
US6663150B1 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2003-12-16 | Netshape Corporation | Bumper with integrated energy absorber and beam |
US6685243B1 (en) * | 2002-07-30 | 2004-02-03 | Shape Corporation | Bumper for reducing pedestrian injury |
US6695368B1 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2004-02-24 | Shape Corporation | Bumper mount forming corner on end of beam |
-
2003
- 2003-07-10 US US10/617,219 patent/US6923494B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-31 WO PCT/US2003/023986 patent/WO2004018261A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-07-31 AT AT03793006T patent/ATE490891T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-07-31 AU AU2003257086A patent/AU2003257086B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-07-31 JP JP2004530862A patent/JP2005536392A/ja not_active Ceased
- 2003-07-31 KR KR1020057003104A patent/KR101004181B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-07-31 EP EP03793006A patent/EP1545938B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-31 DE DE60335272T patent/DE60335272D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60335272D1 (de) | 2011-01-20 |
JP2005536392A (ja) | 2005-12-02 |
AU2003257086A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
KR20050038031A (ko) | 2005-04-25 |
AU2003257086B2 (en) | 2007-12-20 |
KR101004181B1 (ko) | 2010-12-24 |
EP1545938A1 (de) | 2005-06-29 |
EP1545938B1 (de) | 2010-12-08 |
US20040036302A1 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
US6923494B2 (en) | 2005-08-02 |
WO2004018261A1 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
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