ATE421990T1 - Zusammensetzung zur förderung der vermehrung von lactobacillus casei subsp. casei - Google Patents

Zusammensetzung zur förderung der vermehrung von lactobacillus casei subsp. casei

Info

Publication number
ATE421990T1
ATE421990T1 AT03741533T AT03741533T ATE421990T1 AT E421990 T1 ATE421990 T1 AT E421990T1 AT 03741533 T AT03741533 T AT 03741533T AT 03741533 T AT03741533 T AT 03741533T AT E421990 T1 ATE421990 T1 AT E421990T1
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
casei
subsp
composition
promoting
propagation
Prior art date
Application number
AT03741533T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kenji Yasuda
Tomohiko Ogawa
Masakatsu Hasegawa
Original Assignee
Meito Sangyo Kk
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Meito Sangyo Kk filed Critical Meito Sangyo Kk
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ATE421990T1 publication Critical patent/ATE421990T1/de

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00Microorganisms; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/38Chemical stimulation of growth or activity by addition of chemical compounds which are not essential growth factors; Stimulation of growth by removal of a chemical compound
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23KFODDER
    • A23K20/00Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10Organic substances
    • A23K20/163Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L29/00Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L29/20Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
    • A23L29/269Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of microbial origin, e.g. xanthan or dextran
    • A23L29/273Dextran; Polysaccharides produced by leuconostoc
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/135Bacteria or derivatives thereof, e.g. probiotics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/04Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/10Laxatives
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/14Prodigestives, e.g. acids, enzymes, appetite stimulants, antidyspeptics, tonics, antiflatulents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/16Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P13/00Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
    • A61P13/02Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of urine or of the urinary tract, e.g. urine acidifiers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P15/00Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/02Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/06Antihyperlipidemics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/12Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for electrolyte homeostasis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12Antivirals
    • A61P31/14Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A61P31/18Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02Immunomodulators
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/04Immunostimulants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/06Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/08Antiallergic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P39/00General protective or antinoxious agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P39/00General protective or antinoxious agents
    • A61P39/06Free radical scavengers or antioxidants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/12Antihypertensives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00Microorganisms; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Obesity (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Communicable Diseases (AREA)
  • Endocrinology (AREA)
  • Oncology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
AT03741533T 2002-07-22 2003-07-22 Zusammensetzung zur förderung der vermehrung von lactobacillus casei subsp. casei ATE421990T1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002212336 2002-07-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ATE421990T1 true ATE421990T1 (de) 2009-02-15

Family

ID=30767803

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT03741533T ATE421990T1 (de) 2002-07-22 2003-07-22 Zusammensetzung zur förderung der vermehrung von lactobacillus casei subsp. casei

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (2) US20060127378A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1541672B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4498924B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE421990T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2003281529B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2493644C (de)
DE (1) DE60326049D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2321602T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2004009800A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2008241470B2 (en) 2007-04-16 2013-11-07 Corium Pharma Solutions, Inc. Solvent-cast microneedle arrays containing active
WO2011140274A2 (en) 2010-05-04 2011-11-10 Corium International, Inc. Method and device for transdermal delivery of parathyroid hormone using a microprojection array
JP6865524B2 (ja) 2012-12-21 2021-04-28 コリウム, インコーポレイテッド 治療剤を送達するためのマイクロアレイおよび使用方法
CA3130120A1 (en) 2013-03-12 2014-10-09 Corium, Inc. Microprojection applicators
US10384045B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-08-20 Corium, Inc. Microarray with polymer-free microstructures, methods of making, and methods of use
RU2711567C2 (ru) 2013-03-15 2020-01-17 Кориум, ИНК. Микрочип для доставки лекарственного средства и способы его использования
JP6689187B2 (ja) 2013-03-15 2020-04-28 コリウム, インコーポレイテッド 複数の衝突微小突起アプリケータおよび使用方法
GB2520483B (en) * 2013-11-15 2017-06-07 Genmont Biotech Inc A probiotic composition for treating picornavirus infection and its use thereof
EP3188714A1 (de) 2014-09-04 2017-07-12 Corium International, Inc. Mikrostrukturanordnung, verfahren zur herstellung und verfahren zur verwendung
WO2017004067A1 (en) 2015-06-29 2017-01-05 Corium International, Inc. Microarray for delivery of therapeutic agent, methods of use, and methods of making
CN117467584B (zh) * 2023-12-27 2024-03-29 山东威曼宠物食品有限公司 一种改善猫肠道健康的复合益生菌菌剂、制备方法及应用

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2779963B2 (ja) * 1989-02-09 1998-07-23 株式会社林原生物化学研究所 ビフィズス菌増殖促進剤
JP3347163B2 (ja) 1992-06-18 2002-11-20 日清製粉株式会社 腸内有用菌増殖促進剤
JP3522373B2 (ja) 1995-01-24 2004-04-26 株式会社ロッテ 乳酸菌増殖促進物質
TW449619B (en) * 1995-02-10 2001-08-11 Hayashibara Biochem Lab Non-reducing saccharides, their preparations and uses
IT1276783B1 (it) * 1995-06-23 1997-11-03 Bracco Spa Formulazioni farmaceutiche e dietetiche per la profilassi e la cura di affezioni gastrointestinali
JP3195307B2 (ja) * 1999-03-29 2001-08-06 日本農産工業株式会社 家畜・家禽用飼料
JP2001269125A (ja) * 2000-03-29 2001-10-02 Nihon Nosan Kogyo Kk 豚用飼料

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60326049D1 (de) 2009-03-19
JP4498924B2 (ja) 2010-07-07
EP1541672A1 (de) 2005-06-15
EP1541672A4 (de) 2006-06-14
CA2493644C (en) 2012-01-24
WO2004009800A1 (ja) 2004-01-29
AU2003281529A1 (en) 2004-02-09
ES2321602T3 (es) 2009-06-09
AU2003281529B2 (en) 2008-01-17
US7678777B2 (en) 2010-03-16
US20080305090A1 (en) 2008-12-11
JPWO2004009800A1 (ja) 2005-11-17
EP1541672B1 (de) 2009-01-28
CA2493644A1 (en) 2004-01-29
US20060127378A1 (en) 2006-06-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
BR0116349A (pt) Compostos probióticos derivados da cepa ke01 de lactobacillus casei
GB2436266A (en) Modified human growth hormone
WO2004007695A3 (en) Lactobacilli expressing biologically active polypeptides and uses thereof
NO20044039L (no) Konjugatorer av terapeutiske eller cytotoksiske midler og biologisk aktive peptider.
GB2429207A8 (en) Modified human interferon polypeptides and their uses
SI1615952T1 (sl) Metoda zdravljenja vnetnih bolezni z uporabo specifičnih veznih sredstev humanega angiopoetin
BRPI0417825A (pt) métodos para uso de lactobacilli probióticos para animais de estimação
ATE534396T1 (de) Probiotische mikroorganismen zur verbesserung der muskulären funktion
ATE376053T1 (de) Bakterien der gattung bifidobacterium longum und bakterien enthaltende zusammensetzung
IL161016A0 (en) Specific binding agents of human angiopoietin-2
ATE421990T1 (de) Zusammensetzung zur förderung der vermehrung von lactobacillus casei subsp. casei
DK1409544T3 (da) Humane DR4-antistoffer og anvendelser deraf
MXPA03001673A (es) Bacteria de acido lactico capaz de reducir una tendencia individual a desarrollar reacciones alergicas.
ITMI20041550A1 (it) Uso di batteri probiotici per la preparazione di composizioni topiche per la protezione dell'epidermide
ATE354964T1 (de) Probiotische zusammensetzung mit mindestens zwei milchsäurebakterienstämmen, die zur kolonisierung des magen-darm-trakts fähig sind und in kombination damit die eigenschaften, im darm zu überleben, an den darm zu binden, gegen infektion zu schützen und ballaststoffe zu fermentieren, aufweisen
MXPA05008704A (es) Proteinas de fusion de muteinas de interferon alfa con propiedades mejoradas.
ATE322901T1 (de) Maca und geweih zur steigerung des testosteronspiegels
DE60238342D1 (de) Haustierfutterzusammensetzung zur regulierung des körpergewichts und zur verhinderung der fettleibig
MXPA05009743A (es) Composiciones con actividad hematopoyetica e inmune.
EP1978994A4 (de) Bmp-7-varianten-zusammensetzungen, verfahren und verwendungen
ATE544856T1 (de) Peptid- und nukleotidsequenzen von anisakis spp. und ihre verwendung
WO2004000222A3 (en) The use of bacterial phage associated lysing proteins for treating bacterial dental caries
ITMI20041232A1 (it) Composizione nutraceutica contenente un numero elevato di fermenti lattici utile come sinbiotico
ATE490981T1 (de) Criptospezifische antikörper
MXPA05012414A (es) Proteina secretada similar a tnf.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
RER Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties