ATE320847T1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zur automatisierten synthese von oligosacchariden - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zur automatisierten synthese von oligosaccharidenInfo
- Publication number
- ATE320847T1 ATE320847T1 AT01965993T AT01965993T ATE320847T1 AT E320847 T1 ATE320847 T1 AT E320847T1 AT 01965993 T AT01965993 T AT 01965993T AT 01965993 T AT01965993 T AT 01965993T AT E320847 T1 ATE320847 T1 AT E320847T1
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- oligosaccharides
- automated synthesis
- present
- solid
- certain embodiments
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 title abstract 3
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C40—COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
- C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
- C40B50/00—Methods of creating libraries, e.g. combinatorial synthesis
- C40B50/14—Solid phase synthesis, i.e. wherein one or more library building blocks are bound to a solid support during library creation; Particular methods of cleavage from the solid support
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0046—Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C40—COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
- C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
- C40B40/00—Libraries per se, e.g. arrays, mixtures
- C40B40/04—Libraries containing only organic compounds
- C40B40/12—Libraries containing saccharides or polysaccharides, or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C40—COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
- C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
- C40B60/00—Apparatus specially adapted for use in combinatorial chemistry or with libraries
- C40B60/14—Apparatus specially adapted for use in combinatorial chemistry or with libraries for creating libraries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/00279—Features relating to reactor vessels
- B01J2219/00281—Individual reactor vessels
- B01J2219/00286—Reactor vessels with top and bottom openings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/00351—Means for dispensing and evacuation of reagents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/00351—Means for dispensing and evacuation of reagents
- B01J2219/00414—Means for dispensing and evacuation of reagents using suction
- B01J2219/00416—Vacuum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/00351—Means for dispensing and evacuation of reagents
- B01J2219/00418—Means for dispensing and evacuation of reagents using pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/00351—Means for dispensing and evacuation of reagents
- B01J2219/00423—Means for dispensing and evacuation of reagents using filtration, e.g. through porous frits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/00452—Means for the recovery of reactants or products
- B01J2219/00454—Means for the recovery of reactants or products by chemical cleavage from the solid support
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/00495—Means for heating or cooling the reaction vessels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/00497—Features relating to the solid phase supports
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/00497—Features relating to the solid phase supports
- B01J2219/005—Beads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/0054—Means for coding or tagging the apparatus or the reagents
- B01J2219/00572—Chemical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/0054—Means for coding or tagging the apparatus or the reagents
- B01J2219/00572—Chemical means
- B01J2219/00576—Chemical means fluorophore
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/0054—Means for coding or tagging the apparatus or the reagents
- B01J2219/00572—Chemical means
- B01J2219/00578—Chemical means electrophoric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
- B01J2219/0059—Sequential processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
- B01J2219/00596—Solid-phase processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/0068—Means for controlling the apparatus of the process
- B01J2219/00686—Automatic
- B01J2219/00689—Automatic using computers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00718—Type of compounds synthesised
- B01J2219/0072—Organic compounds
- B01J2219/00731—Saccharides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/11—Compounds covalently bound to a solid support
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US22616900P | 2000-08-18 | 2000-08-18 | |
| US25423300P | 2000-12-08 | 2000-12-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ATE320847T1 true ATE320847T1 (de) | 2006-04-15 |
Family
ID=26920272
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT01965993T ATE320847T1 (de) | 2000-08-18 | 2001-08-17 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur automatisierten synthese von oligosacchariden |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US7160517B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1315559B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2004507467A (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE320847T1 (de) |
| AU (2) | AU2001286539B2 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2420183C (de) |
| DE (1) | DE60110094T2 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2002016384A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7723296B2 (en) | 2001-01-18 | 2010-05-25 | Genzyme Corporation | Methods for introducing mannose-6-phosphate and other oligosaccharides onto glycoproteins and its application thereof |
| JP4006385B2 (ja) * | 2002-11-20 | 2007-11-14 | 株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ | 糖鎖合成装置 |
| WO2005000861A1 (ja) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-01-06 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | 糖鎖の合成方法 |
| CN100432085C (zh) * | 2003-12-22 | 2008-11-12 | 叶新山 | 一种寡糖的合成方法 |
| JP4252922B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-31 | 2009-04-08 | 株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ | 糖鎖合成装置 |
| JP2006151948A (ja) * | 2004-11-04 | 2006-06-15 | Institute Of Physical & Chemical Research | 糖鎖合成方法および糖鎖自動合成装置 |
| JP2008537733A (ja) * | 2005-03-15 | 2008-09-25 | マクギル ユニバーシティー | イオン液体担持合成 |
| EP2044194B1 (de) | 2006-06-30 | 2011-10-05 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Anthrax-kohlenhydrate sowie synthese und verwendungen davon |
| US8420607B2 (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2013-04-16 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Anthrax carbohydrates, synthesis and uses thereof |
| CN101548034B (zh) * | 2006-10-02 | 2013-11-13 | 航道生物技术有限责任公司 | 多样性合成肽和多肽文库的设计和构建 |
| CA2675968C (en) | 2007-01-18 | 2019-05-21 | Genzyme Corporation | Oligosaccharides comprising an aminooxy group and conjugates thereof |
| US20100159604A1 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2010-06-24 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Automated solution-phase iterative synthesis |
| US8211370B2 (en) * | 2007-12-07 | 2012-07-03 | Thomas Downing | Polymer synthesizer |
| EP2145895B1 (de) * | 2008-07-08 | 2013-10-30 | Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Glycochips |
| WO2010011828A1 (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2010-01-28 | Ancora Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Automated oligosaccharide synthesizer |
| SI2889043T1 (sl) | 2008-12-16 | 2019-08-30 | Genzyme Corporation | Sintetične vmesne spojine za pripravo konjugatov oligosaharid-protein |
| WO2011102913A2 (en) * | 2010-02-22 | 2011-08-25 | Oligoco | Wicking-based reagent-solution draining in an automated system |
| US8361396B2 (en) | 2010-02-22 | 2013-01-29 | Oligoco, Inc. | Automated polymer-synthesis system |
| EP2575877B1 (de) | 2010-06-04 | 2016-10-19 | INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale | Neuartige immunoadjuvansverbindungen und deren verwendungen |
| CN105461767B (zh) * | 2014-08-07 | 2019-03-12 | 富力 | 一种连翘苷的化学合成方法 |
| EP3815778A1 (de) | 2019-11-04 | 2021-05-05 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Vorrichtung zur schnellen automatisierten synthese von oligo- und polysacchariden |
| EP4045181A1 (de) * | 2019-11-04 | 2022-08-24 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Synthetisierer für oligo- und polysaccharide in fester phase |
| WO2023074843A1 (ja) | 2021-10-29 | 2023-05-04 | 第一三共株式会社 | 新規なオリゴ糖、該オリゴ糖の製造中間体、及びそれらの製造方法 |
| JPWO2024053574A1 (de) | 2022-09-09 | 2024-03-14 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4610847A (en) | 1980-09-23 | 1986-09-09 | California Institute Of Technology | Conversion flask for sequential performance apparatus |
| US4598049A (en) | 1983-08-31 | 1986-07-01 | Systec Inc. | General purpose gene synthesizer |
| US5256549A (en) * | 1986-03-28 | 1993-10-26 | Chiron Corporation | Purification of synthetic oligomers |
| US5147608A (en) | 1988-04-29 | 1992-09-15 | Millipore Corporation | Apparatus and process for performing repetitive chemical processing |
| FR2673631B1 (fr) | 1991-03-06 | 1993-05-21 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Procede et appareil de synthese en phase heterogene de macromolecules telles que des peptides, des polynucleotides ou des oligosaccharides. |
| DE69220888T2 (de) | 1991-11-05 | 1998-01-29 | Perkin Elmer Corp | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Biopolymeren |
| JP3009731B2 (ja) * | 1992-06-01 | 2000-02-14 | ザ バイオメンブレイン インスティテュート | オリゴ糖の還元性末端からの単糖の順次の除去およびそれらの使用 |
| EP0653965B1 (de) * | 1992-07-06 | 1996-05-15 | Beckman Instruments, Inc. | Flüssigkeitsversorgungssystem mit Mehrwegventil |
| US5639866A (en) * | 1993-02-23 | 1997-06-17 | Princeton University | Single-step formation of multiple glycosidic linkages |
| AUPO190596A0 (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 1996-09-19 | Alchemia Pty Ltd | Oligosaccharide synthesis |
| US6890491B1 (en) * | 1997-06-10 | 2005-05-10 | Pharmacopeia Drug Discovery, Inc. | Method and apparatus for universal fluid exchange |
| ATE355295T1 (de) * | 1998-10-06 | 2006-03-15 | Massachusetts Inst Technology | Synthese von oligosacchariden, reagenzien und verfahren |
-
2001
- 2001-08-17 CA CA002420183A patent/CA2420183C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-17 US US09/932,277 patent/US7160517B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-17 AT AT01965993T patent/ATE320847T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-08-17 AU AU2001286539A patent/AU2001286539B2/en not_active Expired
- 2001-08-17 AU AU8653901A patent/AU8653901A/xx active Pending
- 2001-08-17 EP EP01965993A patent/EP1315559B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-17 DE DE60110094T patent/DE60110094T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-17 WO PCT/US2001/025859 patent/WO2002016384A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-08-17 JP JP2002521481A patent/JP2004507467A/ja active Pending
-
2007
- 2007-01-09 US US11/651,398 patent/US20070265441A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2002016384A3 (en) | 2002-07-18 |
| CA2420183A1 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
| AU2001286539B2 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
| JP2004507467A (ja) | 2004-03-11 |
| DE60110094D1 (de) | 2005-05-19 |
| WO2002016384A2 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
| CA2420183C (en) | 2009-11-24 |
| EP1315559A2 (de) | 2003-06-04 |
| US20020085964A1 (en) | 2002-07-04 |
| AU8653901A (en) | 2002-03-04 |
| DE60110094T2 (de) | 2009-10-01 |
| US7160517B2 (en) | 2007-01-09 |
| US20070265441A1 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
| EP1315559B1 (de) | 2006-03-22 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| RER | Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties | ||
| RER | Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties |