ATE249859T1 - Ein sich räumlich erstreckender film mit elementen die eine formgedächtnislegierung betätigen - Google Patents

Ein sich räumlich erstreckender film mit elementen die eine formgedächtnislegierung betätigen

Info

Publication number
ATE249859T1
ATE249859T1 AT94909676T AT94909676T ATE249859T1 AT E249859 T1 ATE249859 T1 AT E249859T1 AT 94909676 T AT94909676 T AT 94909676T AT 94909676 T AT94909676 T AT 94909676T AT E249859 T1 ATE249859 T1 AT E249859T1
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
film
actuator elements
vlsi
sma
elements
Prior art date
Application number
AT94909676T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ronald S Maynard
Original Assignee
Univ Leland Stanford Junior
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Univ Leland Stanford Junior filed Critical Univ Leland Stanford Junior
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ATE249859T1 publication Critical patent/ATE249859T1/de

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03GSPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/06Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
    • F03G7/065Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like using a shape memory element
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/0105Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning
    • A61M25/0133Tip steering devices
    • A61M25/0158Tip steering devices with magnetic or electrical means, e.g. by using piezo materials, electroactive polymers, magnetic materials or by heating of shape memory materials
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/0105Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning
    • A61M25/0133Tip steering devices
    • A61M2025/0161Tip steering devices wherein the distal tips have two or more deflection regions
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H61/00Electrothermal relays
    • H01H61/01Details
    • H01H61/0107Details making use of shape memory materials
    • H01H2061/0122Two SMA actuators, e.g. one for closing or resetting contacts and one for opening them

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
  • Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
  • Endoscopes (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Memories (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Instruments For Viewing The Inside Of Hollow Bodies (AREA)
AT94909676T 1993-02-24 1994-02-24 Ein sich räumlich erstreckender film mit elementen die eine formgedächtnislegierung betätigen ATE249859T1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/021,941 US5405337A (en) 1993-02-24 1993-02-24 Spatially distributed SMA actuator film providing unrestricted movement in three dimensional space
PCT/US1994/001721 WO1994019051A1 (en) 1993-02-24 1994-02-24 A spatially distributed sma actuator film

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ATE249859T1 true ATE249859T1 (de) 2003-10-15

Family

ID=21806979

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT94909676T ATE249859T1 (de) 1993-02-24 1994-02-24 Ein sich räumlich erstreckender film mit elementen die eine formgedächtnislegierung betätigen

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5405337A (de)
EP (1) EP0687190B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH08510024A (de)
AT (1) ATE249859T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2156431C (de)
DE (1) DE69433159T2 (de)
WO (1) WO1994019051A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (100)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5453575A (en) * 1993-02-01 1995-09-26 Endosonics Corporation Apparatus and method for detecting blood flow in intravascular ultrasonic imaging
WO1995029646A1 (en) 1994-04-29 1995-11-09 Boston Scientific Corporation Medical prosthetic stent and method of manufacture
US5492131A (en) * 1994-09-06 1996-02-20 Guided Medical Systems, Inc. Servo-catheter
FR2732225A1 (fr) * 1995-03-27 1996-10-04 Mazars Paul Catheter a deformation pilotee
US5763979A (en) * 1996-02-29 1998-06-09 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Actuation system for the control of multiple shape memory alloy elements
US5700337A (en) * 1996-03-01 1997-12-23 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Fabrication method for composite structure adapted for controlled structural deformation
US6072154A (en) 1996-09-05 2000-06-06 Medtronic, Inc. Selectively activated shape memory device
US6133547A (en) 1996-09-05 2000-10-17 Medtronic, Inc. Distributed activator for a two-dimensional shape memory alloy
US5941249A (en) * 1996-09-05 1999-08-24 Maynard; Ronald S. Distributed activator for a two-dimensional shape memory alloy
US6179858B1 (en) 1998-05-12 2001-01-30 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Stent expansion and apposition sensing
US6447478B1 (en) * 1998-05-15 2002-09-10 Ronald S. Maynard Thin-film shape memory alloy actuators and processing methods
BG102493A (en) * 1998-05-28 2000-02-29 СТЕФАНОВ Александър Canal with built-in control network, hydraulic orientation and control system
US6110121A (en) * 1999-01-25 2000-08-29 Lenker; Jay Alan Method and apparatus for obtaining improved resolution from intraluminal ultrasound
US6592526B1 (en) 1999-01-25 2003-07-15 Jay Alan Lenker Resolution ultrasound devices for imaging and treatment of body lumens
US7524289B2 (en) * 1999-01-25 2009-04-28 Lenker Jay A Resolution optical and ultrasound devices for imaging and treatment of body lumens
US6236300B1 (en) * 1999-03-26 2001-05-22 R. Sjhon Minners Bistable micro-switch and method of manufacturing the same
US6312458B1 (en) 2000-01-19 2001-11-06 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Tubular structure/stent/stent securement member
US6858005B2 (en) 2000-04-03 2005-02-22 Neo Guide Systems, Inc. Tendon-driven endoscope and methods of insertion
US6610007B2 (en) 2000-04-03 2003-08-26 Neoguide Systems, Inc. Steerable segmented endoscope and method of insertion
US8888688B2 (en) 2000-04-03 2014-11-18 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Connector device for a controllable instrument
US6468203B2 (en) 2000-04-03 2002-10-22 Neoguide Systems, Inc. Steerable endoscope and improved method of insertion
US8517923B2 (en) 2000-04-03 2013-08-27 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Apparatus and methods for facilitating treatment of tissue via improved delivery of energy based and non-energy based modalities
US7555333B2 (en) * 2000-06-19 2009-06-30 University Of Washington Integrated optical scanning image acquisition and display
US6872433B2 (en) * 2001-03-27 2005-03-29 The Regents Of The University Of California Shape memory alloy/shape memory polymer tools
FR2825013B1 (fr) 2001-05-28 2004-01-09 Univ Paris Curie Structure tubulaire active orientable et endoscope forme a partir d'une telle structure
US20030040670A1 (en) * 2001-06-15 2003-02-27 Assaf Govari Method for measuring temperature and of adjusting for temperature sensitivity with a medical device having a position sensor
US6550341B2 (en) * 2001-07-27 2003-04-22 Mide Technology Corporation Method and device for measuring strain using shape memory alloy materials
US7669799B2 (en) * 2001-08-24 2010-03-02 University Of Virginia Patent Foundation Reversible shape memory multifunctional structural designs and method of using and making the same
AU2002359847A1 (en) 2002-01-09 2003-07-30 Neoguide Systems, Inc Apparatus and method for endoscopic colectomy
WO2003101722A1 (en) * 2002-05-30 2003-12-11 University Of Virginia Patent Foundation Active energy absorbing cellular metals and method of manufacturing and using the same
US6796408B2 (en) * 2002-09-13 2004-09-28 The Boeing Company Method for vibration damping using superelastic alloys
JP4261166B2 (ja) * 2002-11-29 2009-04-30 Hoya株式会社 フォトサーマルアクチュエータおよびフォトサーマルアクチュエータが備えられた装置
US7072703B2 (en) 2002-12-31 2006-07-04 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Medical device with force monitoring features and method therefor
US8882657B2 (en) 2003-03-07 2014-11-11 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Instrument having radio frequency identification systems and methods for use
ITTO20030218A1 (it) * 2003-03-25 2004-09-26 Fiat Ricerche Sonda, in particolare per cavita' tubolari.
US6832478B2 (en) * 2003-04-09 2004-12-21 Medtronic, Inc. Shape memory alloy actuators
US7658709B2 (en) * 2003-04-09 2010-02-09 Medtronic, Inc. Shape memory alloy actuators
US20060286342A1 (en) * 2003-05-28 2006-12-21 Elzey Dana M Re-entrant cellular multifunctional structure for energy absorption and method of manufacturing and using the same
CN100441936C (zh) * 2003-06-11 2008-12-10 林仁泽 应急手电筒
US7218970B2 (en) * 2003-06-20 2007-05-15 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. System for medical lead tunneling
JP4486345B2 (ja) * 2003-07-22 2010-06-23 トキコーポレーション株式会社 人工食道
EP1691666B1 (de) 2003-12-12 2012-05-30 University of Washington Katheterskop-3d-führung und schnittstellensystem
US7655014B2 (en) * 2004-12-06 2010-02-02 Cameron Health, Inc. Apparatus and method for subcutaneous electrode insertion
DE102005002558A1 (de) * 2005-01-19 2006-04-06 Siemens Ag Katheter oder Endoskop mit verbesserter Navigierbarkeit
US7530948B2 (en) 2005-02-28 2009-05-12 University Of Washington Tethered capsule endoscope for Barrett's Esophagus screening
US8070685B2 (en) * 2005-04-15 2011-12-06 Imacor Inc. Connectorized probe for transesophageal echocardiography
US20070038224A1 (en) * 2005-07-28 2007-02-15 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Electroactive polymer-based flexing access port
EP3788944B1 (de) 2005-11-22 2024-02-28 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. System zur bestimmung der form eines biegbaren instruments
WO2007062066A2 (en) 2005-11-23 2007-05-31 Neoguide Systems, Inc. Non-metallic, multi-strand control cable for steerable instruments
US8537203B2 (en) * 2005-11-23 2013-09-17 University Of Washington Scanning beam with variable sequential framing using interrupted scanning resonance
US9561078B2 (en) * 2006-03-03 2017-02-07 University Of Washington Multi-cladding optical fiber scanner
GB2455219A (en) 2006-03-30 2009-06-03 Cambridge Mechatronics Ltd Camera lens actuation apparatus
US8123678B2 (en) * 2006-04-07 2012-02-28 The Regents Of The University Of Colorado Endoscope apparatus, actuators, and methods therefor
US8034046B2 (en) 2006-04-13 2011-10-11 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Medical devices including shape memory materials
US8568299B2 (en) 2006-05-19 2013-10-29 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Methods and apparatus for displaying three-dimensional orientation of a steerable distal tip of an endoscope
WO2007139814A2 (en) 2006-05-23 2007-12-06 University Of Virginia Patent Foundation Method and apparatus for jet blast deflection
US20080058629A1 (en) * 2006-08-21 2008-03-06 University Of Washington Optical fiber scope with both non-resonant illumination and resonant collection/imaging for multiple modes of operation
US7848822B2 (en) * 2006-11-14 2010-12-07 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Cardiac force sensor and methods of use
US20080132834A1 (en) * 2006-12-04 2008-06-05 University Of Washington Flexible endoscope tip bending mechanism using optical fibers as tension members
US7879004B2 (en) * 2006-12-13 2011-02-01 University Of Washington Catheter tip displacement mechanism
ATE503928T1 (de) 2007-02-12 2011-04-15 Cambridge Mechatronics Ltd Auslösungsvorrichtung für formgedächtnislegierung
US20080221388A1 (en) * 2007-03-09 2008-09-11 University Of Washington Side viewing optical fiber endoscope
US20080243030A1 (en) * 2007-04-02 2008-10-02 University Of Washington Multifunction cannula tools
US8840566B2 (en) 2007-04-02 2014-09-23 University Of Washington Catheter with imaging capability acts as guidewire for cannula tools
US7974025B2 (en) 2007-04-23 2011-07-05 Cambridge Mechatronics Limited Shape memory alloy actuation apparatus
US7952718B2 (en) * 2007-05-03 2011-05-31 University Of Washington High resolution optical coherence tomography based imaging for intraluminal and interstitial use implemented with a reduced form factor
EP2149704A4 (de) * 2007-05-11 2016-06-08 Nat Inst For Materials Science Bidirektionaler dünnschichtaktuator aus formgedächtnislegierung und verfahren zur herstellung der für den aktuator verwendeten dünnschicht aus einer formgedächtnislegierung
JP4946675B2 (ja) * 2007-07-05 2012-06-06 コニカミノルタオプト株式会社 形状記憶合金の駆動装置およびそれを用いる撮像装置ならびに形状記憶合金の駆動方法
US9220398B2 (en) 2007-10-11 2015-12-29 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. System for managing Bowden cables in articulating instruments
WO2009056822A2 (en) 2007-10-30 2009-05-07 Cambridge Mechatronics Limited Shape memory alloy actuation apparatus
US20090137893A1 (en) * 2007-11-27 2009-05-28 University Of Washington Adding imaging capability to distal tips of medical tools, catheters, and conduits
WO2009100368A1 (en) 2008-02-06 2009-08-13 Neoguide Systems Inc. A segmented instrument having braking capabilities
US20090208143A1 (en) * 2008-02-19 2009-08-20 University Of Washington Efficient automated urothelial imaging using an endoscope with tip bending
US8182418B2 (en) 2008-02-25 2012-05-22 Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. Systems and methods for articulating an elongate body
DE102008002479A1 (de) * 2008-06-17 2009-12-24 Biotronik Vi Patent Ag Vorrichtung zum minimalinvasiven Einführen in ein physiologisches Lumen
GB2474173B (en) 2008-07-30 2011-11-09 Cambridge Mechatronics Ltd Shape memory alloy actuation apparatus
FR2935094B1 (fr) * 2008-08-19 2012-12-21 Univ Grenoble 1 Dispositif d'intervention chirurgicale comprenant un instrument susceptible de se deformer
US8244402B2 (en) * 2009-09-22 2012-08-14 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Visual perception system and method for a humanoid robot
US8733099B2 (en) * 2009-10-05 2014-05-27 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Flexible actuator based on shape memory alloy sheet
JP5757518B2 (ja) * 2011-01-13 2015-07-29 国立研究開発法人物質・材料研究機構 薄膜アクチュエータの製造方法
US8486009B2 (en) * 2011-06-20 2013-07-16 Hue-Teh Shih Systems and methods for steering catheters
US10485400B2 (en) * 2012-09-28 2019-11-26 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Tube and steerable introduction element comprising the tube
JP6186750B2 (ja) * 2013-02-28 2017-08-30 株式会社ニコン 電子機器
US9339950B2 (en) 2013-05-07 2016-05-17 Shane Allen Reprogrammable shape change sheet, uses of the sheet and method of producing a shaped surface
US9541177B2 (en) * 2013-10-11 2017-01-10 The Boeing Company Ratcheting shape memory alloy actuators and systems and methods including the same
EP3122414B1 (de) * 2014-03-26 2021-03-17 Venclose, Inc. Kabelanordnung
US9740245B2 (en) 2015-10-05 2017-08-22 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Locking mechanism
US11647678B2 (en) 2016-08-23 2023-05-09 Analog Devices International Unlimited Company Compact integrated device packages
US10629574B2 (en) 2016-10-27 2020-04-21 Analog Devices, Inc. Compact integrated device packages
US10697800B2 (en) 2016-11-04 2020-06-30 Analog Devices Global Multi-dimensional measurement using magnetic sensors and related systems, methods, and integrated circuits
US10511599B2 (en) 2017-03-13 2019-12-17 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc System to filter impossible user travel indicators
US10794093B2 (en) * 2017-05-19 2020-10-06 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Method of optimizing memory wire actuator energy output
EP3419064A1 (de) 2017-06-23 2018-12-26 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Vorrichtung mit mehreren aktuatoreinheiten basierend auf elektroaktivem material und betätigungsverfahren
US10697050B2 (en) * 2017-06-30 2020-06-30 Gibson Elliot Shape memory actuator structures and control thereof
CN107813300B (zh) * 2017-12-07 2019-01-04 北京康力优蓝机器人科技有限公司 一种可用于机器人的柔性智能模块的分层浇铸方法
CN108087223B (zh) * 2017-12-28 2023-09-12 重庆工业职业技术学院 基于形状记忆合金的三维电机驱动器
EP3795076B1 (de) 2018-01-31 2023-07-19 Analog Devices, Inc. Elektronische vorrichtungen
WO2021007622A1 (en) * 2019-07-17 2021-01-21 Monash University Sensor device for use in internal inspections
US20220313206A1 (en) * 2021-04-05 2022-10-06 GE Precision Healthcare LLC Methods and systems for an invasive deployable device
CN115055916B (zh) * 2022-06-10 2024-06-07 清华大学 具备温度自传感功能的形状记忆合金软体驱动器

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0686866B2 (ja) * 1985-08-16 1994-11-02 キヤノン株式会社 形状記憶合金アクチュエ−タ
US4753223A (en) * 1986-11-07 1988-06-28 Bremer Paul W System for controlling shape and direction of a catheter, cannula, electrode, endoscope or similar article
JPS6480367A (en) * 1987-09-21 1989-03-27 Terumo Corp Member for correcting ureter
US4930494A (en) * 1988-03-09 1990-06-05 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Apparatus for bending an insertion section of an endoscope using a shape memory alloy
US4864824A (en) * 1988-10-31 1989-09-12 American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories Thin film shape memory alloy and method for producing
US4977886A (en) * 1989-02-08 1990-12-18 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Position controlling apparatus
JPH0783761B2 (ja) * 1990-10-04 1995-09-13 テルモ株式会社 医療用具
JPH05272446A (ja) * 1992-01-30 1993-10-19 Terumo Corp 屈伸機構型アクチュエータ
US5279559A (en) * 1992-03-06 1994-01-18 Aai Corporation Remote steering system for medical catheter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2156431A1 (en) 1994-09-01
DE69433159D1 (de) 2003-10-23
JPH08510024A (ja) 1996-10-22
EP0687190A4 (de) 1998-01-28
EP0687190A1 (de) 1995-12-20
EP0687190B1 (de) 2003-09-17
WO1994019051A1 (en) 1994-09-01
US5405337A (en) 1995-04-11
DE69433159T2 (de) 2004-07-08
CA2156431C (en) 2006-05-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ATE249859T1 (de) Ein sich räumlich erstreckender film mit elementen die eine formgedächtnislegierung betätigen
DE58905715D1 (de) Drehknopf fuer steuergeraete o. dgl.
DE69816222D1 (de) Flexibler Flächenheizkörper mit Kontrolleinheit
DE69216844D1 (de) Thermoelektrisches kühlsystem mit flexibelem wärmeleitelement
DE69332233D1 (de) Bildheizgerät mit Steuerung der Betätigung mehrerer Heizelemente
CA2090080A1 (en) High Wattage Surface Contact Resistance Heater
NZ318337A (en) Water heating element thermostat control
AU2839397A (en) Heating element for water heaters with scale control
FI956109A (fi) Laite saunan kuumuuden valvomiseksi
AU636660B2 (en) Device for the re-education of a limb
BR9604375A (pt) Métodos para adaptativamente controlar a tensão aplicada a um mecanismo de mudança x-y eletronicamente atuável e para controlar a tens o aplicada a um mecanismo de mudança x-y eletricamente atuável e sistema para controlar um mecanismo de mudança x-y eletronicamente atuado
DE69201575D1 (de) Verbindungseinrichtung einer in Achsrichtung verstellbaren Lenksäule mit aufschlagfunktionierenden Mitteln.
GB2012944A (en) Improvements in and Relating to a Heating Installation and a Valve Therefor
DE60005075D1 (de) Steuereinheit mit induktionsbeheizter Formgedächtnis-Betätigungseinrichtung
FR2691869B1 (fr) Element chauffant plat et souple a connectique integree.
USD348732S (en) Electric warming harness
DE69205086D1 (de) Kochgerät mit elektrischer Widerstandsheizung.
KR950017557U (ko) 차량용 통합 히터콘트롤 장치
DE69300013D1 (de) Wassererhitzer mit einem Lufttemperatursteuergerät.
JPS61199477A (ja) 形状変形回路と形状変形部材
JPH0445681Y2 (de)
KR940004040U (ko) 발열체의 온도 조절장치
ATA49090A (de) Abrufeinrichtung fuer gespeicherte registerkombinationen fuer orgeln mit pedalklaviatur o.dgl.
KR930015149U (ko) 온풍난방기의 풍향 조절장치
FR2710746B1 (fr) Dispositif destiné à fournir l'image de l'échauffement produit par un élément chauffant électrique.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
RER Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties