ATE204894T1 - Zusammensetzungen aus fluorkohlenwasserstoffen - Google Patents
Zusammensetzungen aus fluorkohlenwasserstoffenInfo
- Publication number
- ATE204894T1 ATE204894T1 AT95913676T AT95913676T ATE204894T1 AT E204894 T1 ATE204894 T1 AT E204894T1 AT 95913676 T AT95913676 T AT 95913676T AT 95913676 T AT95913676 T AT 95913676T AT E204894 T1 ATE204894 T1 AT E204894T1
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- cyclopropane
- propane
- isobutane
- butane
- propylene
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/50—Solvents
- C11D7/5036—Azeotropic mixtures containing halogenated solvents
- C11D7/5068—Mixtures of halogenated and non-halogenated solvents
- C11D7/5072—Mixtures of only hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/149—Mixtures of blowing agents covered by more than one of the groups C08J9/141 - C08J9/143
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/30—Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/50—Solvents
- C11D7/5036—Azeotropic mixtures containing halogenated solvents
- C11D7/5068—Mixtures of halogenated and non-halogenated solvents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2207/00—Foams characterised by their intended use
- C08J2207/04—Aerosol, e.g. polyurethane foam spray
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/11—Ethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/32—The mixture being azeotropic
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/208,777 US5417871A (en) | 1994-03-11 | 1994-03-11 | Hydrofluorocarbon compositions |
PCT/US1995/003147 WO1995024451A1 (en) | 1994-03-11 | 1995-03-13 | Hydrofluorocarbon compositions |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ATE204894T1 true ATE204894T1 (de) | 2001-09-15 |
Family
ID=22776023
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AT95913676T ATE204894T1 (de) | 1994-03-11 | 1995-03-13 | Zusammensetzungen aus fluorkohlenwasserstoffen |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US5417871A (de) |
EP (3) | EP1118648A3 (de) |
JP (2) | JP3237850B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE204894T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69522441T2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2161872T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995024451A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107746702A (zh) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-02 | 湖北瑞能华辉能源管理有限公司 | 一种替代r22的制冷剂及其制备方法和应用 |
Families Citing this family (60)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0568115B1 (de) * | 1990-07-26 | 1996-03-20 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours & Company Incorporated | Quasi-azeotrope Mischungen zur Verwendung als Kältemittel |
US5648017A (en) * | 1991-03-28 | 1997-07-15 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotropic and azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane and (iso) butane |
WO1993011201A1 (en) * | 1991-12-03 | 1993-06-10 | United States Environmental Protection Agency | Refrigerant compositions and processes for using same |
US5762818A (en) * | 1992-07-15 | 1998-06-09 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Compositions which include 1,1,2,2- tetrafluoroethane and fluoroethane |
US5458798A (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1995-10-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotropic and azeotrope-like compositions of a hydrofluorocarbon and a hydrocarbon |
US6001273A (en) | 1994-03-11 | 1999-12-14 | Minor; Barbara Haviland | Binary azeotropes of difluoromethane and hydrocarbons |
US5417871A (en) * | 1994-03-11 | 1995-05-23 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Hydrofluorocarbon compositions |
US6402975B1 (en) | 1994-11-18 | 2002-06-11 | Lacovia N.V. | Environmentally benign non-toxic fire flooding agents |
US6146544A (en) * | 1994-11-18 | 2000-11-14 | Lacovia N.V. | Environmentally benign non-toxic fire flooding agents |
GB9504955D0 (en) * | 1995-03-11 | 1995-04-26 | Star Refrigeration | High efficiency refrigerant |
CA2232674A1 (en) * | 1995-09-21 | 1997-03-27 | George H. Goble | Drop-in substitutes for dichlorodifluoromethane refrigerant |
US6875370B2 (en) | 1996-03-05 | 2005-04-05 | George H. Goble | Drop-in Substitutes for dichlorodifluoromethane refrigerant |
JPH09208939A (ja) * | 1996-02-07 | 1997-08-12 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | ジフルオロメタン/炭化水素混合冷媒およびそれを用いた冷凍サイクル装置 |
US6261472B1 (en) * | 1996-11-04 | 2001-07-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotrope-like compositions containing fluoroethane |
GB9624818D0 (en) | 1996-11-28 | 1997-01-15 | Rh Ne Poulenc Chemicals Ltd | Refrigerant composition |
DE19807996A1 (de) * | 1998-02-26 | 1999-09-02 | Bayer Ag | Stückiges Calciumformiat |
KR100305079B1 (ko) * | 1998-12-23 | 2001-09-12 | 박호군 | 클로로디플루오로메탄(hcfc-22)대체용냉매혼합물 |
KR100309445B1 (ko) * | 1998-12-23 | 2001-12-28 | 박호군 | 디플루오로메탄과1,1-디플루오로에탄을포함하는냉매혼합물 |
US6629419B1 (en) | 1999-10-04 | 2003-10-07 | Refringerant Products Ltd. | CFC 12 replacement refrigerant |
US6604368B1 (en) | 1999-10-04 | 2003-08-12 | Refrigerant Products, Ltd. | R 12 replacement refrigerant |
US6606868B1 (en) | 1999-10-04 | 2003-08-19 | Refrigerant Products, Ltd. | R 22 replacement refrigerant |
KR100340275B1 (ko) * | 1999-11-02 | 2002-06-12 | 박호군 | 디플루오로메탄(HFC-32),펜타플루오로에탄(HFC-125)과1,1,1,2-테트라플루오로에탄(HFC-134a)을포함하는 냉매 혼합물 |
FR2813610B1 (fr) * | 2000-09-04 | 2002-10-18 | Atofina | Composition utilisable comme fluide frigorifique |
KR20020019682A (ko) * | 2000-09-06 | 2002-03-13 | 권오석 | 고온용 혼합 냉매 조성물 |
KR100439277B1 (ko) * | 2000-09-06 | 2004-07-07 | 에이씨엠텍(주) | 저온용 혼합 냉매 조성물 |
KR100414762B1 (ko) * | 2000-12-01 | 2004-01-13 | 에이씨엠텍(주) | 냉매 r-500 대체용 혼합 냉매 조성물 |
KR100398093B1 (ko) * | 2000-12-20 | 2003-09-19 | 주식회사 제이오 | 냉장고/에어컨용 혼합냉매 |
KR20020064027A (ko) * | 2001-01-31 | 2002-08-07 | 한국과학기술연구원 | Hcfc-22대체용 냉매 조성물 |
KR100405189B1 (ko) * | 2001-02-16 | 2003-11-12 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 혼합냉매 조성물 |
ES2185494B1 (es) * | 2001-07-11 | 2004-08-16 | Dinagas, S.A. | Mezcla refrigerante sustituta del diclorodifluorometano. |
KR100439278B1 (ko) * | 2001-07-12 | 2004-07-07 | 에이씨엠텍(주) | 냉매 r-502 대체용 혼합냉매 조성물 |
GB0206413D0 (en) * | 2002-03-19 | 2002-05-01 | Refrigerant Products Ltd | Refrigerant for centrifugal compressors |
AU2003273365A1 (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2004-04-23 | James B. Tieken | Refrigerant blend |
CA2507639C (en) | 2002-11-29 | 2013-08-06 | Rhodia Organique Fine Limited | Chiller refrigerants |
EP1711576A2 (de) * | 2004-01-14 | 2006-10-18 | E.I. Dupont de Nemours and Company, Inc. | Kühlmittel mit 1-ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluorbutan und einem teilfluorierten kohlenwasserstoff sowie deren verwendung |
US20050151112A1 (en) * | 2004-01-14 | 2005-07-14 | Minor Barbara H. | 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-Nonafluoro-4-methoxybutane refrigerant compositions comprising hydrofluorocarbon, and uses thereof |
KR20060122923A (ko) * | 2004-01-14 | 2006-11-30 | 이 아이 듀폰 디 네모아 앤드 캄파니 | 수소화플루오르화탄소를 포함하는1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-노나플루오로-4-메톡시부탄 냉매조성물, 및 그의 용도 |
US7029599B2 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2006-04-18 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane refrigerant compositions comprising fluoroether and uses thereof |
RU2006129285A (ru) * | 2004-01-14 | 2008-02-20 | Е.И.Дюпон де Немур энд Компани (US) | Композиции на основе 1, 1, 1, 3, 3 - пентафторбутанового хладагента, содержащие фторированный простой эфир, и их применение |
US7208099B2 (en) * | 2004-01-14 | 2007-04-24 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Company | Refrigerant compositions comprising 1-ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane and a hydrofluorocarbon and uses thereof |
GB0404343D0 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2004-03-31 | Rpl Holdings Ltd | Refrigerant composition |
KR100571360B1 (ko) | 2004-07-21 | 2006-04-14 | 한국과학기술원 | 대체 혼합냉매 조성물 |
WO2006124776A2 (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2006-11-23 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Hybrid vapor compression-absorption cycle |
AU2007220309B2 (en) * | 2006-03-03 | 2011-04-28 | Rpl Holdings Limited | Refrigerant composition |
JP5436865B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-03 | 2014-03-05 | アールピーエル ホールディングス リミテッド | 冷媒組成物 |
GB0610124D0 (en) * | 2006-05-20 | 2006-06-28 | Earthcare Products Ltd | Natural alternatives to r410a refrigerant |
US8871112B2 (en) | 2008-11-19 | 2014-10-28 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Compositions comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and hydrocarbons and uses thereof |
US8444873B2 (en) | 2009-06-12 | 2013-05-21 | Solvay Fluor Gmbh | Refrigerant composition |
CN101671543B (zh) * | 2009-09-22 | 2011-12-28 | 山东东岳化工有限公司 | 一种环保制冷剂 |
GB0922288D0 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2010-02-03 | Rpl Holdings Ltd | Non ozone depleting and low global warming potential refrigerants for refrigeration |
US8652348B1 (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2014-02-18 | Ahmad M. Shihab | Drop in refrigerant blend for mineral oil based systems |
US8999191B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-04-07 | National Refrigerants, Inc. | R22 replacement refrigerant |
US20150329757A1 (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2015-11-19 | James B. Tieken | Reducing flammability of hydrocarbon refrigerants while maintaining refrigerating capacity |
US10330364B2 (en) | 2014-06-26 | 2019-06-25 | Hudson Technologies, Inc. | System and method for retrofitting a refrigeration system from HCFC to HFC refrigerant |
GB201505230D0 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2015-05-13 | Rpl Holdings Ltd | Non ozone depleting and low global warming refrigerant blends |
CN111492030A (zh) | 2017-11-27 | 2020-08-04 | Rpl控股有限公司 | 低gwp之冷冻剂共混物 |
US11318338B2 (en) | 2018-10-15 | 2022-05-03 | Honeywell International Inc. | Azeotrope or azeotrope-like compositions of trifluoroidomethane (CF3I) and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa) |
US11344761B2 (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2022-05-31 | Honeywell International Inc. | Azeotrope or azeotrope-like compositions of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I) and 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,-heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ca) |
MX2023004622A (es) | 2020-10-22 | 2023-05-12 | Rpl Holdings Ltd | Refrigerantes de bomba termica. |
CN115287041A (zh) * | 2022-07-21 | 2022-11-04 | 北京大学南昌创新研究院 | 一种替代r410a的混合制冷剂及其制备方法 |
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US3159535A (en) * | 1962-01-31 | 1964-12-01 | Johnson & Son Inc S C | Aerosol compositions |
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EP0519948B1 (de) * | 1990-03-12 | 2007-10-03 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Zusammensetzung aus 1,1,1,2 tetrafluorethan und dimethylether |
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US5277834A (en) * | 1990-07-26 | 1994-01-11 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Near-azeotropic blends for use as refrigerants |
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IL106132A0 (en) * | 1992-06-25 | 1993-10-20 | Great Lakes Chemical Corp | Refrigerant composition containing 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane and methods utilizing the same |
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WO1994002564A1 (en) * | 1992-07-28 | 1994-02-03 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Refrigerant compositions including pentafluorodimethyl ether |
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US5458798A (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1995-10-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotropic and azeotrope-like compositions of a hydrofluorocarbon and a hydrocarbon |
NL9300834A (nl) * | 1993-05-14 | 1994-12-01 | Bernardina Carolina Maria Enge | Koelinrichting. |
IT1270960B (it) * | 1993-08-13 | 1997-05-26 | Ausimont Spa | Miscele ternarie quasi azeotropiche con fluidi refrigeranti |
TW283164B (de) * | 1993-09-24 | 1996-08-11 | Du Pont | |
CN1090875A (zh) * | 1993-10-21 | 1994-08-17 | 轻工业部北京市家用电器研究所 | 非共沸混合制冷剂 |
JP2994542B2 (ja) * | 1993-11-29 | 1999-12-27 | タバイエスペック株式会社 | ペンタフルオロエタン・プロピレン混合冷媒 |
US5417871A (en) * | 1994-03-11 | 1995-05-23 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Hydrofluorocarbon compositions |
JPH0885784A (ja) * | 1994-09-16 | 1996-04-02 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 作動流体 |
JPH0885783A (ja) * | 1994-09-16 | 1996-04-02 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 作動流体 |
JPH08151569A (ja) * | 1994-11-29 | 1996-06-11 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 作動流体 |
JPH08151571A (ja) * | 1994-11-30 | 1996-06-11 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 作動流体 |
JPH08170075A (ja) * | 1994-12-16 | 1996-07-02 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 作動流体 |
-
1994
- 1994-03-11 US US08/208,777 patent/US5417871A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-03-13 JP JP52370295A patent/JP3237850B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-13 EP EP20010102945 patent/EP1118648A3/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-03-13 WO PCT/US1995/003147 patent/WO1995024451A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-03-13 EP EP95913676A patent/EP0749464B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-13 ES ES95913676T patent/ES2161872T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-13 EP EP08014112A patent/EP1980603A3/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-03-13 DE DE69522441T patent/DE69522441T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-13 AT AT95913676T patent/ATE204894T1/de active
- 1995-05-04 US US08/435,108 patent/US5672293A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-04-23 US US08/842,164 patent/US5785883A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-04-10 JP JP2001110712A patent/JP3838885B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107746702A (zh) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-02 | 湖北瑞能华辉能源管理有限公司 | 一种替代r22的制冷剂及其制备方法和应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH09510249A (ja) | 1997-10-14 |
US5672293A (en) | 1997-09-30 |
ES2161872T3 (es) | 2001-12-16 |
DE69522441D1 (de) | 2001-10-04 |
DE69522441T2 (de) | 2002-05-08 |
JP3838885B2 (ja) | 2006-10-25 |
EP1980603A2 (de) | 2008-10-15 |
US5417871A (en) | 1995-05-23 |
WO1995024451A1 (en) | 1995-09-14 |
EP1118648A2 (de) | 2001-07-25 |
EP0749464A1 (de) | 1996-12-27 |
JP2001348565A (ja) | 2001-12-18 |
JP3237850B2 (ja) | 2001-12-10 |
EP1118648A3 (de) | 2005-01-26 |
EP0749464B1 (de) | 2001-08-29 |
EP1980603A3 (de) | 2010-01-06 |
EP1118648A9 (de) | 2002-06-05 |
US5785883A (en) | 1998-07-28 |
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