AT523664A1 - Transport hook - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a transport hook for lifting and moving a load, the transport hook (1) having a lever section (2) with a coupling element (4) with which the transport hook (1) can be connected to a lifting device, and a hook shank (3) which can engage in a hole (102) of the load (101) for lifting and moving the load (101). The hook shank (3) is connected with an angular section (14) to the lever section (2) in such a way that an angle (α) extends between a line extending from the coupling element (4) to an apex (SP) of the angular section (14) , and a line which runs along the hook shank (3) forms which is smaller than 90 °. The hook can be used to grasp a load on an upward-facing surface through a small opening and lift it safely. The transport hook can be provided with different securing elements which reliably prevent the transport hook from being accidentally released.

Description

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04/06/2020 Stampfer, Christian

P295480AT transport hook

The invention relates to a transport hook for lifting and moving a load, such as floor elements, which are placed close together and are only accessible from above.

It is difficult to lift and move containers, frames, prefabricated parts, parts of modular structures or other objects such as machines that are built in or have to be built in such that they cannot be grasped from the side or on the underside. Here it would be advantageous if the containers etc. simply but securely on an upper side facing a lifting device with the

Lifting device could be connected.

From US 2008/0292397 A1 a floor covering support structure is known, with a plurality of longitudinally aligned boards which are fastened to one another. The floor covering support structure has at least two coupling openings in the form of elongated holes which run parallel to one another at a predetermined distance. Alternatively, the double hook can engage laterally in the floor covering support structure. A double hook can engage through the holes in the interior of the floor covering support structure, the double hook can with a

Lifting device are connected.

US 9,741,847 B2 discloses an industrial mat that has a support structure and two holes. The holes can be used to support the industrial mat. Other known tools for lifting plate-shaped elements are, for example, channel hooks or pliers-shaped tools to attach the plate-shaped element to the

Grab outsides.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a transport hook and a lifting system with which a load can be safely gripped, lifted and safely moved in space. Another object is to provide a suitable method.

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These objects are achieved by the subjects of the independent claims. Advantageous refinements are given in the subclaims.

A first aspect relates to a transport hook for lifting and moving a load an angular portion is connected to the lever portion in such a way that an angle between a line extending from the coupling element to an apex of the angular portion and a line extending along the hook shank forms less than 90 ° and preferably less than 85 ° is.

Because the angle is smaller than 90 °, the hook can also be pulled in a direction which runs obliquely to the surface of a load and it is nevertheless ensured that the hook shank engages behind the load in such a way that the hook closes

an applied voltage cannot resolve.

The angle can be smaller than 80 ° and in particular in the range of approx. 75 °. However, it should not be smaller than 60 °, preferably not smaller than 70 °, since otherwise the thickness of the load to be borne is very limited.

A second aspect relates to a transport hook for lifting and moving a load, the transport hook comprising a lever section with a coupling element, via which the transport hook can be connected to a lifting device, and a hook shank that can reach through a hole in the load, at least the hook shank at least

is partially a round body with a substantially round cross-section.

The round body with an essentially round cross-section is hereby shaped essentially without edges, so that it can freely move around a hole axis in a hole

can turn without tilting in it. Thus, due to the design of the hook leg as a round body, there can be no

Tilts occur even if the hook is rotated in the hole of the load about an axis which runs approximately perpendicularly through the center of the hole. This allows the

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The hook can be arranged in any way when it is inserted into the hole of the load and aligns itself when a tensile stress is applied to lift the load.

The essentially round cross section of the round body can be an oval cross section and in particular an exactly circular cross section. As a result, the round body has no edges that could jam at non-circular holes in the load.

The coupling element can be designed as a coupling opening on the lever section, in particular at the end of the lever section remote from the hook shank, and is used to fasten a traction device, such as a rope or a chain, with which, for example, by means of a lifting device, such as a crane, on the hook can be pulled to lift a load. Instead of a coupling opening, any other coupling means for connecting the hook can be used directly or indirectly via a pulling means

a lifting device can be provided.

The coupling opening or another coupling means is preferably introduced or connected in or on an upper side of the load facing the lifting device.

The hole in the load can be circular or oval, for example. In particular, the hole can be an essentially circular through hole that can easily be made in the load afterwards, for example with a hand milling cutter. The load can be a floor covering, for example of an event tent, the floor covering preferably being made of wood or a plastic, a hollow body, a frame or another load, such as a machine, which has a hole in a top side facing the lifting device or in which a corresponding hole was made afterwards.

A diameter of the hole depends on the weight of the load. Basically, the larger the load, the larger the diameter of the transport hook, since the dimensions of the transport hook are also determined by the weight of the load to be lifted and supported. It applies that the smaller the load, the smaller the transport hook and the hole can be designed. This means that a hole diameter of the hole in the load and a material thickness and / or the material of the transport hook can be coordinated with one another and adapted to the weight of the load to be lifted.

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It has surprisingly been found that relatively small holes with a maximum diameter of not more than 2 cm, in particular not more than 1.8 cm or not more than 1.5 cm, are sufficient to be able to carry heavy loads. As a result, the holes can be made in floor coverings of transportable floors without creating a risk of stumbling.

The hook shank is preferably designed essentially in a straight line. The hook shank is connected to the preferably approximately straight lever section with a curved angular section.

The hook shank, the angular section and an adjoining engagement area of the lifting section preferably have essentially the same cross-sectional shape for engaging in and reaching through the hole of the load.

In one embodiment, the hook shank can comprise an extended free securing end which protrudes from the engagement section at an angle. The free securing end extends in a direction facing away from the lever section and can thus increase an overall length of the transport lever. The engagement section and the free securing end form a type of double nose which prevents the transport hook, which is still free from the load, from falling out of the hole in the load or being pulled out by the lifting device. The free securing end is preferably connected to the engagement section in such a way that a relative movement between the two parts is not possible.

The hook shank can in particular be formed in one piece with or without a free securing end, that is to say it does not consist of several parts that are joined to one another, for example glued or welded. The same applies to the lever section. The hook shank and the lever section can then be connected to one another in a material-locking, form-locking, or force-locking manner to form the transport hook. It is preferred if the transport hook, consisting of the lever section and the hook shank, is formed as a whole in one piece or is originally formed in one piece.

Processes for the original forming of parts include, for example, the metal or

Plastic casting, powder compression with or without subsequent sintering, machining out of a solid material, such as sawing and milling, or that

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Forging from a corresponding semi-finished product. Each of these techniques can be used alone to form the transport hook, but two or three of these techniques can also be used to complete the transport hook, for example the raw shape of the transport hook can be cut out of a sheet material using a laser or another method , and then the hook shank can be forged. After the transport hook has been produced with at least one of the methods, subsequent treatments can take place, for example the removal of sharp edges, hardening, grinding or at least regional coating of the surface. Metals, such as steel or iron, or a reinforced plastic that can withstand loads similar to that of steel or iron, can be used as the material. For special applications in which no large weights have to be lifted and transported, a light metal or a light metal alloy can also be used as the material.

The lever section of the transport hook can be essentially plate-shaped. The lever section can have a length which is many times greater than a width or thickness of the lever section. The length, width and thickness of the lever section can do the job

be chosen accordingly by the specialist.

A free end of the hook leg can be rounded at the edges or as a whole, in particular can be designed to be essentially semicircular. The cross section is preferably essentially circular, but can also be oval or have rounded corners with essentially straight intermediate areas between the rounded corners. The same applies - mutatis mutandis - to the optional free securing end, which can be conical in shape, with a diameter that tapers in the direction of extension of the free securing end, beginning at the engagement element.

The circumferential shape of the hook leg or the connecting section and / or the angle section and / or the engagement section preferably has no sharp edges and enables easy engagement in or through the hole. The round cross section advantageously prevents damage to the hole edges from being caused when the transport hook is pressed against the edges of the hole.

The diameter of the engagement area and / or the angle section and / or the

The hook shank and / or the optional free securing end of the hook shank can essentially correspond to the thickness of the plate-shaped lever section.

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Depending on the task and the load to be carried, the diameter mentioned can also be smaller or larger than the thickness of the lever section.

A width of the lever section can be greater at a free end facing away from the hook shank than a width of the lever section next to the engagement area. For example, the lever section at the free end can be 1.5 times or 2 times wider than at the engagement area.

The lever section of the transport hook is preferably many times longer than the hook shank.

The free end of the lever section facing away from the hook shank is preferably designed to be connected to the lifting device, for example a crane. For this purpose, the free end can be formed in the shape of an eyelet, or at least one coupling opening can be made in the surface of the lever section, through which, for example, a rope or a chain can be passed. The free end can also be designed in the manner of a snap hook or some other known connecting element which is suitable for the purpose and which is connected or joined to the free end of the lever section.

The transport hook can furthermore comprise a securing element which secures the hook shank in the hole, at least when the transport hook is not subject to the weight of the load. The securing element can, for example, be a securing flap which is connected in a swivel joint to the hook shank, for example in the engagement section or the angle section. It can preferably be elastically biased into a securing position in which it protrudes from the hook shank at an angle, or into a release position in which the securing element is inactive, that is to say it is preferably in a form-fitting contact with the hook shank. The elastic tension can be generated, for example, by an elastic element such as a compression or tension spring. If the securing element rests positively on the hook shank, the surface of the securing element pointing away from the body of the hook shank preferably forms the surface of the hook shank. That is, the securing element in the abutment on the hook shank does not protrude from the hook shank, but lies in a receptacle formed by the hook shank for the securing element, flush with the surrounding hook shank.

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Before the hook shank or at least the engagement section is guided through the hole, the locking element pretensioned in the locking position can be pressed into the release position against the elastic force with the thumb, for example, until the locking element lies in the hole with a front end facing the hole. The thumb can then let go of the securing element, which is now held in the hole in the release position or in an intermediate position between the release position and the securing position. If the hook leg is passed sufficiently far through the hole, the elastic element can press the securing element completely into the securing position in which it is held when the load is lifted by a tensile force acting on the securing hook on the lever section. To release the safety device, the safety element must be moved back into the release position and held there until, when the transport hook is pulled out of the hole, it is back in the hole so far that the edge of the hole that slides over the safety element when the transport hook is pulled out, the Can press the locking element into the release position.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a transport hook for lifting and moving a load Hook leg is connected to the lever portion with an angular portion. This transport hook is characterized by a securing device which has a securing part which is movably arranged on the transport hook in such a way that it can form a projection on the hook arm so that a hook arm passed through a hole

can no longer escape from the hole.

The projection formed by the securing part can thus be arranged in use on the other side of the load than the coupling element of the hook on which the lifting device can engage, so that due to the projection the hook shank does not fit through the hole and can be pulled out of it. Typically this protrusion is on the underside of the portion of the load in which the hole is formed.

However, the securing part can also be used on the same side of the load as the

Be arranged coupling element of the hook. Such a securing part is arranged on the lever portion and can form a projection thereon, which extends from the

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Lever portion extends in the same direction as the hook shank. As a result, the side of the lever section facing the hook shank is kept at a distance from the surface of the load. As a result, the hook leg engages behind the edge of the hole and the transport hook cannot be removed from the hole.

The securing part is preferably acted upon by means of a spring, so that it can be moved against the spring action in such a way that it does not form a projection on the hook shank and this can be pulled out of the hole.

The securing part preferably has a securing rod which is mounted on the transport hook in a displaceable manner, in particular in a longitudinal direction.

The lever section of the transport hook can comprise a holding tab which is used to hold the securing device.

The retaining tab can be formed in one piece with the transport hook and in particular on the lever section or it can be originally formed, with the meaning of “one piece” already explained above for the transport hook. The retaining tab can be a separate part that can be joined to the lever section, for example by means of a form fit, force fit and / or material fit.

The securing device can comprise a fastening plate with which it can be fastened to the retaining bracket. The movably mounted securing part is formed from a securing rod and other parts with which it is spring-loaded in the retaining bracket. These parts include, in particular, a handle with which the safety part can be actuated.

In the area of the angled section, the transport hook can have a through-hole which forms a guide, preferably a linear guide, for the securing part, in particular the securing rod. That is, the securing part extends from the fastening plate into the through hole in the transport hook in the area of the angle leg, can extend through the through hole and out of the through hole so that it protrudes on the hook leg and forms a securing projection. If the safety bar lies within the through-hole, the safety bar assumes its release position, in which the transport hook is removed from the load

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can be released or connected to the load, it extends out of the through hole at an end facing away from the retaining tab, it assumes the securing position in which it secures the transport hook in the hole.

In order to move the securing part from the securing position into the release position, the securing part can comprise the handle with which the securing part can be moved by hand against the force of the elastic element or the spring to such an extent that a free end of the securing rod remote from the mounting plate lies within the through hole of the transport hook. In this release position, the securing rod can be fixed, for example by means of a latching mechanism, so that the securing rod is advantageously protected from damage, for example in the warehouse or when the transport hook is being transported to a place of use. This locking mechanism can, for example, be actuated by rotating the securing part about its longitudinal axis by means of the handle. The latching mechanism can also be designed so that the securing part can also be secured in the securing position with the handle or in some other way, so that it cannot unintentionally move back into the release position.

The securing part can also be used to act on the securing element discussed above in order to pivot the securing element into the securing position. In this case, the securing element is elastically biased into the rest position and can be moved into the securing position against the elastic biasing force by the retracted securing rod and preferably held in the securing position. As described, the securing part can be pretensioned in the extended position, so that the transport hook is double-secured in the hole. If the securing part is moved into the release position and preferably fixed in the release position, the securing element is moved elastically back into the release position, so that the transport hook can be removed from the hole again. There is no need to reach under the load to remove the transport hook from the hole. If the securing part is secured in the securing position, the elastic restoring force of the securing element can also move the securing rod back into the securing position after the securing device has been released. In this case, the securing rod is secured in the securing position by the securing element.

If the load is under tension on the transport hook, the transport hook is held in the hole in a self-locking manner, i.e. the previously discussed safeguards

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primarily prevent the transport hook from being pulled out of the hole in the load before and when the load is being lifted. Of course, they also secure the transport hook while the load is being lifted, but here the transport hook is sufficiently secured by engaging behind the edge of the hole with the hook shank and by locating the transport hook through the load of the transport hook itself.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a lifting system for lifting and moving a load. The lifting system comprises a single or at least two transport hooks, with a lever section and a hook shank, and a lifting device which is or can be connected to the transport hook. If at least two transport hooks are used, the transport hooks are preferably of identical design.

The transport hook (s) can in particular be transport hooks as explained above. Each of the transport hooks is preferably connected to a rope or a chain in the lever section. The ropes or chains are prepared at an end facing away from the transport hook so that they can be connected to a connecting element

or a gripper of the lifting device can be connected.

Each of the transport hooks can be passed with the hook shank through a hole in a load and is secured in the hole by clamping as soon as the lifting device applies a tensile force to the transport hook by lifting the load. Each of the transport hooks can have a securing element and / or a securing device which additionally secures the transport hook in the hole. The securing element or the securing device is

preferably to the security devices explained above.

The lifting system can only comprise a single transport hook which engages in a hole in the load. In the case of large, for example flat or hollow components, it is advantageous if the lifting system comprises at least three, four or more transport hooks in order to prevent the load from tipping and / or rotating when it is set down, lifted and transported.

Another aspect of the invention relates to methods for lifting and moving a load,

for example a hollow body or shaped tube, with at least one round hole inside

a top of the structure with a single or with several transport hooks,

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in particular a transport hook, as explained above, or with one

Lifting system as shown above.

The transport hook comprises a hook shank and a lever section. The hole in the load is preferably an approximately circular through hole, which can also be introduced into the load at a later date.

In preparation for lifting, the hook leg of the transport hook can be partially inserted through the hole by hand. It may be necessary to move or press a securing part and / or securing element that is connected to the hook shank in a swivel joint and is elastically biased into a securing position by hand into a release position in which the securing element does not protrude from the hook shank, so that the Securing part and / or securing element with the hook shank is introduced into the hole in the first step and passed through the hole. In a second step, the transport hook is loaded with a tensile force, with a force vector which is essentially opposite to an insertion direction of the transport hook into the hole, so that the hook shank in the hole, preferably one

oval or circular hole, is clamped.

The aspects explained above can each be employed or used independently of one another or, as the exemplary embodiments show, in combination with one another. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to figures. The figures show exemplary embodiments of a transport hook, without thereby limiting the scope to these exemplary embodiments.

The figures show in detail:

FIG. 1: Transport hook with securing device in a view from the side;

FIG. 2: the transport hook of FIG. 1 without a securing device in a perspective view;

FIG. 3: top view of the transport hook of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4: the transport hook of FIG. 2 from the side and in a sectional view along a central longitudinal axis;

FIG. 5: Transport hook with a securing element pretensioned into the securing position;

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FIG. 6: Transport hook with securing element which is pressed into the securing position by means of the securing device and is held there;

FIG. 7: Sketch of a lifting system with two or three transport hooks;

FIG. 8: Sketched representation of the process steps for gripping and lifting

a load with a transport hook; and FIGS. 9a, 9b transport hooks with a further securing element in the release position and securing position.

FIG. 1 shows a transport hook 1 with which a load 101, for example a

Floor element of an event tent, can be raised.

The transport hook 1 comprises a lever section 2, a hook shank 3 and a retaining tab 6 which is connected to a securing device 7 with which the transport hook 1 can be secured in engagement with and partially through a hole 102 of the load 101.

The lever section 2 has a free end 2a and a coupling opening 4 functioning as a coupling element, near a free end 2a remote from the hook shank 3. The hook shank 3 is followed by an angle section 14 which connects the hook shank and the lever section 2. The angle section is bent so that the lever section 2 and the hook shank 3 are arranged at an angle to one another.

The lever section 2 has, adjacent to the angle section 14, an engagement area 15 which has essentially the same cross-sectional shape as the angle section 14 and the hook shank 3, in order to, as will be explained in more detail below, in certain situations

to engage in a hole 102 of a load 101.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the engagement area 15, the angular section 14 and the hook shank 3 have an approximately circular cross-section, which has slightly flattened surfaces 16 at the sides. The cross section is preferably shaped essentially without edges, so that it can rotate freely in a hole 102 about a hole axis 105 which runs centrally through the hole 102 and is perpendicular to a plate-shaped section of the load in which the hole 102 is made. Essentially without edges means that only an obtuse angle of, for example, more than 100 ° and in particular more than

150 ° is formed. Such edges run the risk of entanglement with the edge of the hole

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formed projections small. Thus, in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the flattened surfaces 16 with the surfaces which are approximately circular in cross section each form edges 17 which enclose such an obtuse angle that there is no risk of entanglement.

The hook shank 3 is formed from an engagement section 3a and a free end 3b which is remote from the angle section and which has a blunt shape, for example in the form of a spherical segment.

In the exemplary embodiment, the transport hook 1 is formed in one piece or originally formed from one piece. This means that the transport hook 1 was cut out, for example, from a plate material, manufactured in a casting process, pressed from powder or forged from a semi-finished product.

The securing device 7 comprises a fastening plate 7a and a securing part which, in the present exemplary embodiment, is formed from a hollow cylinder 7b and a securing rod 7c with a free end 7d. The securing part further comprises a handle 9 which is connected to the securing rod 7c. The hollow cylinder 7b has an internal thread and the rear area of the securing rod 7c has an external thread, which are in engagement with one another. With a lock nut 7e, on the one hand, the disc-shaped handle 9 is fixed on the securing part and, on the other hand, the position of the securing rod 7c relative to the hollow cylinder 7b can be adjusted. In this way, the length of the securing part can be adjusted and adapted to the size of the hole 102 of a load 101 which is to be lifted with the transport hook 1.

The hollow cylinder 7b is displaceably mounted in a through-hole 10 of the retaining bracket 6. A compression spring (not shown) is arranged in the through-hole 10, which is supported on the fastening plate 7a and acts on the securing part 7b, 7c, 7e with a force which pushes the securing part away from the retaining tab 6.

The securing rod 7c is slidably mounted in a through-hole 8, which extends through the angle section 14 and opens on the side remote from the retaining tab 6 on the hook shank 3, so that the securing rod protrudes in a securing position with its free end 7d on the hook shank 3 (Fig . 1).

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The through bores 8, 10 are aligned with one another, i.e. a central axis A10 of the bore 10 coincides with a central axis A8 of the bore 8.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the handle 9 also serves as a stop to limit the movement of the securing part 7b, 7c, 7e between the securing position and a release position.

In the securing position, the securing pin 7c protrudes on the hook shank 3 with its free end 7d and the handle 9 strikes the lever section 2 on the engagement area 15. In the release position, the securing pin 7c with its free end 7d is completely drawn into the through-hole 8 of the transport hook 1 and the handle 9 strikes the retaining tab 6. The securing part can thus telescope out and in with respect to the through hole 10.

In this release position, the securing rod can optionally be fixed by means of a latching mechanism (not shown) so that the securing rod is advantageously protected from damage, for example in the warehouse or when the transport hook is being transported to a place of use. This latching mechanism can be actuated by means of the handle 9, for example, by rotating the securing part about its longitudinal axis. The latching mechanism can also be designed in such a way that the securing part can also be secured in the securing position with the handle 9 or in some other way, so that it cannot unintentionally move back into the release position.

The fastening plate 7a can have a through-hole through which the securing part protrudes to the rear over the securing plate 7a in the release position. This through hole then forms a further linear guide for the securing part. In the present exemplary embodiment, the fastening plate 7a is designed without a through hole. As an alternative to the handle 9, the fastening plate can form a stop for the securing part in order to limit its movement into the release position.

The angular section 14 connects the engagement area 15 to the hook shank 3 at an angle, the angle in the exemplary embodiment being smaller than 90 °. In other versions of the transport hook, the angle can be approx. 90 ° or 90 °. A connecting line V, which extends through a coupling point and an apex SP of the angular section 15. The coupling point is the connection point where e.g.

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a lifting device engages in order to lift the transport hook 1. In the present exemplary embodiment, the coupling point is the center point 4A of the coupling opening 4, in which the transport hook 1 can be connected to the lifting device 200. The vertex SP is located on the inner surface of the angle section. A hook line HL runs along the inside of the hook leg 3. The connecting line V and the hook line HL intersect at an angle a which is smaller than 90 ° and preferably smaller than 85 ° and in particular smaller than 80 ° or smaller than 75 °.

The smaller the angle a, the more the hook leg 3 engages behind a plate-shaped section of a load in which the transport hook 1 is suspended in a hole and the less it is necessary to arrange the lever section 2 perpendicular to the plate-shaped section of the load.

The hook shank 3 can partially have a sheathing or coating 13 which, for example, has a non-slip surface and / or consists of an elastic material in order to mitigate or prevent damage to the hole edges.

FIG. 2 shows the transport hook 1 of FIG. 1 in a perspective view without the securing device 7. In FIG connected, for example screwed or can be positively received via corresponding connecting elements, not shown. In addition, FIG. 2 shows the through hole 8 for the securing rod 7C.

In the exemplary embodiment, the lever section 2 is designed as a flat body, that is to say it has two flat side walls 12 which run essentially parallel to one another. The side walls 12 can also run at an angle to one another, so that a thickness H (FIG. 3) and / or a width B of the lever section 2 changes over the length L or part of the length of the lever section.

The lever section 2 has a first width B1 directly next to its engagement section 15 and, near the free end 2a, a second width B2 which is approximately twice as large as the width B1. In the exemplary embodiment, the transition from the first width B1 to the second width B2 is step-shaped, but the widening of the lever section 2 over its length can be

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also take place continuously.

The widening is designed in such a way that it points to the same side as the hook shank 3. As a result, the center point of the coupling opening 4 can be offset a little from a central longitudinal axis MLA (FIG. 4 a)) of the remaining lever section 2. In the present embodiment, the offset corresponds approximately to the radius of the coupling opening 4. Since the offset with respect to the central longitudinal axis MLA is directed to the side on which the hook shank 3 is arranged, the above-explained angle a between the connecting line V and the hook line HL is smaller than without an offset, whereby angling or engagement from behind by the hook shank 3 is more pronounced.

FIG. 3 shows the transport hook 1 of FIG. 2 in a top view. The transport hook 1 of the exemplary embodiment has an essentially uniform thickness H over its entire length L. That is to say, a diameter D of the substantially round or circular hook leg 3 corresponds to the thickness of the flat lever section 2. The thickness H can also vary, for example be smaller at the free end 2a than near it

Connecting section 3c.

The transport hook 1 is designed to be mirrored in relation to a central longitudinal plane MLE (MLE is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 3). That is, the transport hook 1 can consist of two cast or molded parts that are joined to one another, for example welded to one another. This allows the through bores 8 and 10 to be formed in the respective halves and thus saves post-processing of the transport hook 1.

The top view of FIG. 3 shows, like FIG. 2, the through-hole 8 for the securing rod 7c of the securing device 7, the through-hole 10 and the fastening points 11.

FIG. 4 comprises an illustration a) which shows the transport hook 1 in a side view, an illustration b) which shows a further embodiment of the transport hook 1 with a free securing end 3e on the hook leg 3, and an illustration c) which shows a section through the transport hook 1 the figure a) along the central longitudinal plane MLE and parallel to the side walls 12 shows. The transport hook of Figure c) comprises an optional magnet 19, in particular a permanent magnet, which also holds the transport hook 1 in

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the hole 102 when the load 101 is made of a magnetic metal or comprises a metal attracted to the magnet 19.

The illustration 4a essentially corresponds to the illustration of the transport hook 1 in FIG. 1, only without the securing device 7. The description for FIG. 1 is therefore referred to

referenced.

Figure 4b shows an alternative embodiment of the transport hook 1. This transport hook 1 comprises a securing device in the form of a free securing end 3e, which is connected to the engagement section 3c. The free securing end 3e protrudes from the engagement section 3c in a direction which points away from the lever section 2 and extends in the longitudinal direction of the transport hook 1. The free securing end 3e and the engagement section 3c thereby form a kind of double nose which reliably secures the transport hook 1 in the hole 102 of the load 101 when the transport hook 1 is not or not yet subjected to a tensile force by the transport device.

Figure 4c shows a section through the transport hook 1 of Figure 4a without the securing device 7. It becomes evident that the central axis A10 of the through hole 10 and the central axis A8 of the through hole 8 lie on a line, that is to say that the two central axes A8 and A10 coincide. This allows the through holes 10 and 8 to be produced in two work steps from one side, starting with the through hole 10. Simultaneous drilling of the through hole 10 and the through hole 8 with two tools from opposite sides is also possible.

A magnet 14 is also connected to the transport hook 1 in FIG. The magnet 14 forms an additional safeguard if the load 101 to be lifted consists of a magnetic material or comprises magnetic material, for example metal particles in a reinforced plastic. The magnet 14 is preferably a permanent magnet which secures the transport hook 1 on the load 101 and which, when the load 101 is lifted, detaches itself from the load 101 without any problems with a preferably predeterminable weight force.

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FIG. 5 shows a transport lever 1 without a retaining tab 6 for connection to a securing device 7. To secure the transport hook 1 in a hole 102 of a load 101, the transport hook 1 comprises a securing element 5 in the area of the hook leg 3, which is in the pivot joint S with the engagement section 3c is connected. The securing element 5 is elastically biased into the securing position shown and can be pressed against the tension force, for example by hand, against the hook shank 3 in order to be inserted into the hole 102 of a load 101 together with the hook shank 3 or the engagement section 3c. If the securing element 5 is passed completely through the hole 102, it is automatically moved into the securing position shown by the elastic force and thereby secures the transport hook 1 in the hole 102 of the load 101.

FIG. 6 shows a transport lever 1 with the securing device 7 and the securing element 5, which in this case is elastically biased into a release position in which it rests against the hook shank 3. From this position it can be moved by the securing device 7 against the elastic force into the securing position shown. For this purpose, the securing rod 7c presses with the free end 7d on the securing element 5, moves it into the securing position shown and fixes it in this position.

To fix the securing element 5 in the securing position, the securing rod 7c can be secured in the position shown, for example by means of a latching mechanism (not shown) over the handle 9, for example the handle 9 can be rotated on the securing rod 7c in order to extend it in the extended position Secure position. In order to remove the transport hook 1 from the hole 102 of the load 101, only the securing of the securing rod 7c by the handle 9 then has to be released. The elastic restoring force acting on the securing element 5 can then push the securing element 5 back into the release position, whereby the securing rod 7c is simultaneously moved back into the through-hole 8 when the spring force of the securing element 5 is greater than the spring force applied to the securing rod 7c will.

If a latching mechanism is provided for fixing the securing part in the securing position and in the release position, then the spring for loading the securing part 7b, 7c, 7e can be completely omitted. This applies to all of the illustrated embodiments, since the securing part is then in the securing position as well as in the

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Release position is held defined without a spring. Applying a spring is advantageous, however, since the securing part always automatically assumes a certain position. The spring can also be arranged so that the securing part is pressed into the release position. Then, however, a locking mechanism should be provided which can fix the securing part in the securing position.

A transport hook 1 according to a further embodiment is designed with a movable securing lever 20 on the lever section 2 (FIGS. 9a, 9b). The securing lever 20 is pivotably attached by means of a pivot joint 21 adjacent to the coupling opening on the side of the lever section 2 from which the hook shank 3 also extends away. The securing lever 20 can be folded away a little from the hook shank 3 until the securing lever strikes the hook shank with a stop element 22 and a further pivoting movement is blocked (FIG. 9b).

In the release position (FIG. 9 a), the securing lever 20 rests directly on the lever section 2. The transport hook 1 can thus be inserted into a hole 102 of a load 101 with the hook shank 3 and pulled out again, the lever section 2 being arranged approximately parallel to the surface of the load 101 for this purpose.

In the securing position, the securing lever 20 protrudes from the lever section 2 on the same side as the hook shank 3 (FIG. 9b). As a result, the hook leg engages behind an edge at the hole 102 of a load 101. The lever section 2 cannot be brought up to the surface of the load 101, so that the transport hook 1 cannot be removed from the hole 102.

The securing lever 20 thus forms a movable securing part on the transport hook 1, with which the transport hook can be secured on the hole 102.

The safety lever can be secured in its end positions with an appropriate fixing device. This fixing device (not shown) can, for example, comprise a spring which is arranged between the lever section 2 and the securing lever 20 and presses them apart. A fixing ring can loop around the lever section 2 and be displaced along the lever section so that it also encloses the securing lever 20 resting on the lever section 2 and secures it in its position resting on the lever section 2 (FIG. 9a). By moving the

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Locking ring in the direction of the hook shank 3, the locking lever 20 can be released. Latching means can also be provided instead of the spring or in addition to the spring, which fix the securing lever in its end positions according to FIG. 9a and / or FIG. 9b. Instead of a pivotable securing lever, another movable securing part, which cannot be pivoted, can also be provided, which can form a projection that can be changed from the lever section 2.

In sketch a), FIG. 7 shows, by way of example, a first lifting system 100 which carries a plate-shaped load 101 or a structure with a plate-shaped section. The load 101 comprises three essentially circular holes 102 with a diameter that is slightly larger than the diameter D of the hook shank 3 (FIG. 3) of the transport hook 1, which pass through the holes 102 of the load 101. The transport hooks 1 can be connected via ropes or chains 103 to a lifting device 200, which is shown in sketch a) as a directional arrow. The ropes 103 can be connected to the lifting device 200, for example a crane, directly or via a connecting element 104.

be connected.

Sketch b) shows a second lifting system 100 which carries a plate-shaped load 101 or a structure with a plate-shaped section. The structure 101 comprises four essentially circular holes 102 with a diameter that is slightly larger than the diameter D of the hook shank 3 (FIG. 3) of the transport hook 1, which pass through the holes 102 of the load 101. The transport hooks 1 can be connected via ropes or chains 103 to a lifting device 200, which is shown in sketch b) as a directional arrow. The ropes 103 can be connected to the lifting device 200, for example a crane, directly or via a connecting element 104.

Sketch c) shows a lifting system 100 with a load 101 in the form of a box or a hollow body. In the upper side 101 of the load 101, which forms a plate-shaped section, two holes 102 are made, into which the transport hooks 1 engage. As in the sketches a) and b) of FIG. 7, the transport hooks 1 are connected to a lifting device 200 by means of ropes 103.

In FIG. 8, process steps are shown in four hand-drawn sketches which are necessary in order to

to grip and lift a load 101 with a substantially circular hole 102 in a plate-shaped section with one or more transport hooks 1.

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The sketch a) shows the transport hook 1 with the lever section 2 and the hook shank 3, as it is for example brought by hand to the circular hole 102 of the load 101.In the sketch b) the hook shank 3 is through the circular hole 102 of the load 101 passed through and protrudes downward from the plate-shaped load 101. The lever section 2 of the transport hook 1 rests essentially flat on the upper side 101a of the load 101.

In sketch c) the transport hook 1 is connected via the coupling opening 4 to a lifting device 200, which is shown as a directional arrow in sketch c), for example a crane, and a tensile force is applied to the transport hook 1, whereby the transport hook 1 in the hole 102 of the load 101 rotates around a lower edge of the inner peripheral wall 104 and the hook shank 3 is pivoted in the direction of a lower side 101b of the load 101. The position shown in sketch c) is assumed by the transport hook 1 as the end position when the load 101 is lifted with one of the lifting systems 100 of FIG. 7 with several holes 102 and several transport hooks 1. The straight line V, which connects the point of application of the lifting device 200 on the lever section with the vertex SP of the angled section 14, is also drawn in the sketch c). The angle a between the straight line V and a second straight line on the top of the hook leg is less than 90 °.

In sketch d) the single transport hook 1 has been moved by the lifting device 200, which is shown as a directional arrow in sketch d), into an end position in which the transport hook 1 bears the weight of the load 101. The load 101 hangs down essentially vertically on the transport hook.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 a) to 8 d), the plate-shaped section of the load 101 having the hole 102 is thin compared to the hook shank 3. In the case of a thin load 101, which means that it is thin in the area of the hole 102 compared to the thickness of the hook shank 3, it is sufficient if the hole 102 is only slightly larger than the cross-sectional area or the maximum diameter D of the hook shank 3 is.

However, the transport hook 1 can also be used to lift heavier loads. The thicker the load 101 is in the area of the hole 102, the larger the hole 102 must be so that the

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Hook legs 3 and the angle section 14 can be inserted into the hole 102. This also depends on how strong the hook leg 3 is in relation to the lever section 2

is bent.

Tests have shown that the maximum hole diameter is preferably not greater than twice the maximum diameter D of the hook shank 3, in particular not greater than 1.8 times the maximum diameter D of the hook shank 3 or not greater than 1.5 times Maximum diameter D of the hook shank 3 or not greater than 1.3 times the maximum diameter D of the hook shank 3, so that the hook shank and the angle section can be inserted into the hole on the one hand and cannot escape if the transport hook is lifted under There is tension.

The thickness of the load in the area of the hole 102 is preferably not greater than twice the maximum diameter D of the hook shank 3, in particular not greater than 1.5 times the maximum diameter D of the hook shank 3 or not greater than the 1 , 3 times the maximum diameter D of the hook shank 3.

To prevent accidental escape, the maximum hole diameter should be smaller than a hook shank length HSL (Fig. 3 a)), which is the distance between the free end 3b of the hook shank and the side of the lever section 2 remote from the hook shank 3. The maximum diameter of the hole is preferably less than 0.8 times the hook shank length HSL, in particular less than 0.7 times the hook shank length HSL or less than 0.5 times the hook shank length HSL or less than 0, 3 times the hook shank length HSL. This limits the maximum thickness of the load in the area of the hole.

The hole 102 is preferably circular. It can also deviate from the circular shape, whereby it is expedient that the smallest hole diameter does not differ from the largest hole diameter by more than 50%, preferably not more than 25% and in particular not more than 10%.

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List of reference symbols:

1

2a

3a 3b 3C

4A

6a

7a 7b 7C 7d 7e

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Transport hook lever section free end hook leg engaging section free end

Free securing end Coupling opening Center point of securing element Retaining tab Receptacle Connection device Fastening plate Hollow cylinder Securing rod Free end Lock nut Through hole Handle Through hole Fastening point Side wall Coating Angular section Engagement area Flattened surface Edge

23

35

40

45

50

55

24/49

19 20 21 22

100 101 101a 101b 102 103 104 105 200

MLE A8 A10

Magnet safety lever swivel joint stop element

Lifting system

Load, structure top bottom

hole

Rope, chain inner peripheral wall hole axis lifting device angle support point first width second width diameter thickness hook line length swivel joint vertex connecting line central longitudinal plane central axis central axis

Claims (1)

15th 20th 25th 30th 35 24 P295480AT Stampfer, Christian P295480AT claims 1. Transport hook for lifting and moving a load, wherein the transport hook (1) has a lever section (2) with a coupling element (4) with which the transport hook (1) can be connected to a lifting device, and a hook shank (3) which is used for lifting and moving the load (101) into a Hole (102) of the load (101) can engage, comprises, wherein the hook shank (3) is connected with an angular section (14) to the lever section (2) in such a way that an angle (a) between a line extending from the coupling element (4) to an apex (SP) of the angular section (14) extends, and a line which runs along the hook shank (3), forms which is smaller than 90 °. 2. Transport hook for lifting and moving a load, in particular according to claim 1, wherein the transport hook (1) has a lever section (2) with a coupling element (4) with which the transport hook (1) can be connected to a lifting device, and a hook shank ( 3), which can engage in a hole (102) of the load (101) for lifting and moving the load (101), wherein at least the hook shank (3) is a round body with an essentially round cross-section. 3. Transport hook according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the coupling element is designed as a coupling opening (4) on the lever section (2) and / or the coupling means is arranged on the free end (2a) of the lever section (2) facing away from the hook shank (3). 4. Transport section according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the transport hook (1) is formed in one piece, for example cast, pressed from a powder, machined from a solid material or forged from a semi-finished product. 10 15th 20th 25th 30th 25th P295480AT 5. 6th 10. Transport hook according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the lever section (2) is plate-shaped, with a length (L) which is many times greater than a width (B) or thickness (H) of the lever section (2). Transport hook according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the hook shank (3) is connected to the lever section (2) with an angle section (14) which is formed adjacent to the angle section with an engagement area (15), the engagement area (15) being the angle section (14) and the hook shank (3) are each designed as a round body with a substantially round cross-section. Transport hook according to claim 6, wherein the diameter (D) of the engagement area (15), the angle section (14) and the hook leg (3) are essentially the same and in particular correspond to the thickness (H) of the plate-shaped lever section (2). Transport hook according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a width (B) of the lever section (2) at a free end (2a) facing away from the hook shank (3) is greater than a width (B) of the lever section (2) adjacent to the hook shank (3) ) is. Transport hook according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the lever section (2) is many times longer than the engagement section (3c) of the hook shank (3). Transport hook for lifting and moving a load, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the transport hook has a lever section (2) with a coupling element (4) via which the transport hook (1) can be connected to a lifting device, and a hook shank (3), which can reach through a hole (102) of the load (101), the hook shank (3) being connected to the lever section (2) by an angular section (14), wherein a securing device is provided which has a securing part (7b, 7c, 7e) which is movably arranged on the transport hook (1) in such a way that it can form a projection on the hook shank (3) so that a through the hole (102) 15th 20th 25th 30th 26 P295480AT hook legs (3) passed through no longer escape from the hole (102) can. 11. Transport hook according to claim 10, characterized in that the securing part (7b, 7c, 7e) is acted upon by a spring so that it can be moved against the spring action in such a way that it does not form a projection on the hook shank (3) and this from the hole (102) can be pulled. 12. Transport hook according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the securing part (7b, 7c, 7e) has a securing rod (7c) which is displaceably, in particular displaceably in the longitudinal direction, mounted on the transport hook. 13. Transport hook according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the lever section (2) comprises a retaining tab (6) which is designed to hold the securing device (7). 14. Transport hook according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the angle section (14) has a through hole (8) which forms a guide for the securing part (7b, 7c, 7e). 15. Transport hook according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the securing part (7b, 7c, 7e) has a handle (9) for actuating the securing part (7b, 7c, 7e), wherein the handle (9) also as Stop for fixing one of the two end positions of the movable securing part (7b, 7c, 7e) can. 16. Transport hook according to one of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that 15th 20th 25th 30th 27 P295480AT 17th 18th 19th 20th 21. that a locking mechanism is provided to lock the movable securing part (7b, 7c, 7e) to be releasably fixed in one of its end positions. Transport hook according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the transport hook (1) comprises a securing element (5) which secures the transport hook (1) in the hole (102) of the load (101). Transport hook according to claim 17, wherein the securing element (5) is connected to the hook shank (3) in a swivel joint (S) and preferably resiliently in a securing position in which it protrudes from the hook shank (3), or in a position in which it is attached the hook leg (3) rests, is pretensioned. Transport hook according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the securing element (5) can be placed against a surface of the hook shank (3) when the engaging section (3c) is passed through the hole (102) of the load (101) and after passing through the hole (102) ) swivels elastically into the locking position. Lifting system for lifting and moving a load (101) with a single or at least two substantially circular holes (102) within an upper side (101a) of the load (101), the lifting system (100) comprising: a single or two or more transport hooks (1), in particular transport hooks (1) according to one of claims 1 to 19, wherein each of the transport hooks (1) is connected to a rope (103) or a chain and the ropes (103) or chains are prepared at an end facing away from the transport hook (1) so that they can be connected to a gripper of the lifting device (200) are. Method for lifting and moving a structure (101) with at least one hole (102) within an upper side (101a) of the load (101) with at least one transport hook (1), in particular the transport hook (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 19, wherein a hook shank (3) of the transport hook (1) is inserted through the circular hole (102), 15th 28 P295480AT one end of the lever section (2) remote from the hook shank (3) with a lifting device (200) with a tensile force, with a force vector which is loaded in a direction away from the hole (102), whereby the handle leg (3) is clamped in the circular hole (102) and the structure is lifted. 22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that - the load (101) in the region of the hole (102) has a thickness that is less than twice the maximum diameter of the hook shank (3), and / or - a maximum hole diameter is not is greater than twice the maximum diameter (D) of the hook shank (3), and / or - that the maximum hole diameter is smaller than a hook shank length (HSL), and / or - the hole is oval and in particular approximately circular.