AT505298B1 - PLATE-SHAPED FAIRING ELEMENT FOR A WALL AND WALL COVERING - Google Patents

Description

2 AT 505 298 B1

The invention relates to a plate-shaped cladding element for a wall of a building, wherein in the cladding element one or more channels for the flow through a heat and / or cold-carrier medium, preferably for air, are provided, which channels at an attached to the wall state of Wall facing boundary surface toward the outside, the wall facing open are formed.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a wall cladding for an outer wall of a building, consisting of a number of above-mentioned plate-shaped cladding elements.

Currently, it is common to provide houses with thermal insulation. For this purpose, an insulation is usually applied in the form of insulation boards on the outside of the outer walls of the building. This insulation reduces the building heat loss through the outer wall.

The disadvantage of such insulation is that solar energy incident on the masonry can not be used to heat the building since the insulation not only protects against heat loss from the building, but also prevents heat from entering the building.

In order to be able to use the incident solar energy, it is known to house in the outer wall of a building air ducts in which e.g. By means of a solar collector heated air can flow in the walls and thereby emits heat to the masonry and in consequence to the interiors of the building.

In order to enable heating of a building by means of warm air flowing past the building exterior, cladding elements mentioned at the outset are known, in which one or more channels are provided for the flow through a heat and / or cold carrier medium, preferably for air. The warm air can then release the heat as it flows through the channels to the wall.

Such a cladding element is suitable for new buildings but also for a subsequent renovation of existing buildings.

The heat can be emitted particularly well if the channels are designed to be open towards the outside at a boundary surface facing the wall of the wall, facing the wall.

A similar insulation board with channels, but for roofs and not for heat transfer, but for dehumidification is known from DE 19 48 157 U1.

It is an object of the invention to enable a particularly simple attachment of the aforementioned cladding elements to the wall, in which a precise positioning of the cladding panels to each other is not necessary.

This object is achieved with a cladding element mentioned above in that according to the invention in the cladding element one or more substantially vertically extending channels are provided for flow through the heat and / or cold carrier medium, wherein the at least one substantially vertical channel of a extending upper boundary surface up to a lower boundary surface of the cladding element, and wherein the upper boundary surface and / or the lower boundary surface are formed or extend such that when an arrangement of two cladding elements vertically above each other on a wall, the two boundary surfaces flush with each other, and wherein in the upper boundary surface and / or the lower boundary surface at least one channel each extends from the one lateral boundary surface to a second lateral boundary surface of the cladding element, and wherein the zumi ndest a channel is connected to the at least one vertical channel, and wherein the arrangement of the 3 AT 505 298 B1

Channels in the upper / lower boundary surfaces are such that the support medium can flow between a lower vertical channel of an upper cladding element and an upper vertical channel of a lower cladding element located flush therewith, and / or one or more horizontally extending flow channels for the heat - And / or cold-carrier medium are provided, wherein the at least one substantially horizontal channel extending from a first lateral boundary surface to a second lateral boundary surface of the cladding element, and wherein at least one of the lateral boundary surfaces is formed or extends such that in an arrangement of two cladding elements horizontally next to each other on a wall, the two boundary surfaces flush with each other, wherein in at least one of the lateral boundary surfaces at least one channel of the upper boundary extending to the lower boundary surface, and wherein the at least one channel is connected to the at least one horizontal channel, and wherein the arrangement of the channels in the at least one lateral boundary surface is such that the support medium between a left / right channel of a right / left Fairing element of two flush juxtaposed facing elements can flow.

The carrier medium can flow from top to bottom but also vice versa, but in principle a flow direction from top to bottom is provided, additionally or alternatively, a flow is transverse, horizontal, e.g. from left to right possible.

Furthermore, the invention is achieved with a wall cladding mentioned above, in which according to the invention above cladding elements are arranged in superimposed, substantially horizontal rows and superimposed cladding elements at their upper and / or lower boundary surfaces each flush with each other, and / or wherein the cladding elements are arranged in juxtaposed, substantially vertical rows and laterally adjacent cladding elements with their lateral boundary surfaces each flush with each other.

The carrier medium is preferably air, which is well suited as a carrier for heat and cold and is unproblematic to handle. In principle, however, other gaseous media or liquids would also be conceivable as the carrier medium.

With the plate-shaped cladding elements according to the invention, it is possible to disguise both new buildings as well as redevelop existing buildings. Due to the special design of the cladding elements with transverse channels in the upper and / or lower boundary surfaces, which are open towards the outside, or the outside (the wall facing) open channels in the lateral boundary surfaces also a particularly simple assembly is possible. In the case of only vertically / horizontally extending channels, lining elements lying one on top of the other or lining elements lying next to one another must always be positioned as accurately as possible, so that air can flow from an upper to a lower channel or can flow over laterally between the lining elements. In the invention, such exact positioning is no longer necessary since the carrier medium from the vertical channels of the upper cladding element first flows into the downwardly open transverse channel of the lower clipping surface and from there into the upper transverse channel of the lower, flush with the Upper cladding element subsequent cladding element flows, or flows from left to right (or vice versa). This is the preferred flow direction, in principle, a flow from bottom to top (left - right or vice versa) as already mentioned also possible.

Depending on the application and structural conditions, the channels are arranged either above / below or left / right in the boundary surfaces; It is particularly favorable if the channels are arranged above and below as well as left and right. 4 AT 505 298 B1

In principle, the vertical channels can also be formed as cavities in the cladding element. But it is particularly advantageous if the vertical and / or horizontal channels are mounted as recesses, such as profilings on the inner boundary surface of the cladding element.

Such recesses are particularly easy to install in production and - assuming suitable material of the cladding element - even with existing cladding elements can be added later.

Furthermore, such recesses have the particular advantage that the warm carrier medium flows directly along the wall of the building and accordingly a particularly good heat transfer from the carrier medium can take place on the wall.

For the reasons mentioned above, it is also generally provided that the channels in the upper and / or lower boundary surface are each formed as depressions on the inner boundary surface and the upper or lower boundary surface, and / or that the channels in the lateral boundary surfaces are each formed as depressions on the inner boundary surface and the lateral boundary surface. The recesses in the upper / lower or lateral boundary surface serve to make the transversely or vertically extending channels open / open or laterally open, so that the carrier medium can flow over between two lining elements.

Panel elements can be designed in a particularly simple manner, in which the vertical / horizontal channels have a substantially semicircular, rectangular or triangular cross-section.

Particularly triangular cross-sections are favorable because they have a large transfer area for heat transfer to the wall at low air volume or volume of the support medium.

Vertical channels can basically be attached to any position on the inner boundary surface of the cladding element; such vertical channels may also be arranged in the lateral boundary surfaces.

A cladding element according to the invention can furthermore be produced simply if the channels in the upper / lower boundary surface and / or the vertical channels in the lateral boundary surfaces have a quarter-circle-shaped, rectangular or triangular cross-section.

In order to allow the largest possible and uniform heat transfer from a cladding element to the wall, it is expedient to provide, between the upper and the lower boundary surface, further channels extending from one boundary plane to the other boundary surface, which are connected to the essentially vertically extending channels, wherein these channels are preferably formed as depressions on the inner boundary surface and preferably have semicircular, rectangular or triangular cross-section.

The cladding elements according to the invention can be produced and mounted in a particularly simple manner if the upper and / or lower boundary surface is formed from a continuous, preferably horizontally extending surface.

The term "horizontal" refers to the cladding element mounted on the wall state. It should also be noted in this regard that the term "vertical" with respect to the vertical channels and the term "horizontal" with respect to the horizontal channels also apply to the condition of the cladding element attached to the wall refers. Furthermore, it should be noted at these points that the vertical channels usually run vertically downwards; However, the term "vertical" should also include channels which, in addition to the vertical, also have a horizontal component, ie run obliquely downwards, even if this is not advantageous except in exceptional cases; Likewise, the "substantially horizontal" channels are advantageously actually horizontal. These can also run diagonally from left to right. For special applications, it may also be advantageous if the upper and / or the lower boundary surface are formed from a plurality of partial surfaces.

It is particularly favorable if the continuous upper and lower surfaces or the upper and the lower partial surfaces extend parallel to one another. In this case, the cladding of a wall can be used with identical cladding elements, ie. it is only a kind of trim elements necessary.

For this reason, it is also particularly advantageous if the cladding elements have a horizontally extending upper and lower boundary surface, since with such cladding elements a wall can be clad from the masonry bench all the way to the foundation.

Particularly suitable for the purposes of the invention are lining elements which are formed as an insulating board.

An inventive cladding element can also be designed as a spacer for an insulating board.

The abovementioned objects are further achieved with an initially mentioned wall cladding, in which cladding elements described above are arranged in superimposed substantially horizontal rows and superimposed cladding elements adjoin each other flush at their upper and / or lower boundary surfaces, and / or the cladding elements are arranged in juxtaposed, substantially vertical rows and laterally adjacent cladding elements with their lateral boundary surfaces each flush with each other. Such a wall cladding can be very easy to assemble, since it does not have to be taken to bring the channels one above the other or side by side lying cladding elements exactly in line with each other.

In order to be able to optimally heat the building, at least one solar collector is provided for heating the support medium, via at least one inflow the warmed support medium flows into at least a first main channel, and the cooled support medium, after flowing through the channels in the cladding elements and the Heat transfer to the wall of the building, flows back through at least a second main channel in the solar collector.

Advantageously, in order to be able to heat a wall from top to bottom, the at least one first main channel is an upper main channel which at least partially revolves around the building in an upper area of the building, and the second main channel is a lower main channel which at least partially surrounds the building Building in a lower area revolves.

In order to heat the entire building, it is favorable if the main channels essentially revolve around the entire building.

However, the main channels may also be essentially vertical channels, but with horizontal main channels, the entire building can be heated more easily. 6 AT 505 298 B1

By a preferably mounted on a south-facing wall of a building solar collector air can be optimally heated and deliver the heat when flowing around the building to the wall of the building.

The air can circulate in the channels without external constraint only by temperature-related density difference and gravity. However, in order to allow a more rapid flow around and a more uniform heat dissipation, it can further be provided that the carrier medium in the channels by positive guidance, for example by means of one or more fans, is moved. Typically, the circulation for the carrier medium is a closed loop. However, it can also be provided that if air is provided as the carrier medium, at least one fresh air opening is provided for introducing fresh air into the air circuit formed by the channels. By introducing "fresh air", the wall cladding can then also be used for drying damp walls or, in the case of existing buildings, a moisture problem can be prevented or eliminated by, for example, rising damp.

In this context, it is also advantageous if an exhaust port, is provided in a favorable manner with heat recovery via a heat exchanger.

It is particularly advantageous if, furthermore, a switching device is provided for continuous switching from fresh air to recirculating air operation.

Furthermore, a mixing device for limiting the temperature of the air flowing through the cladding elements can be provided, whereby the room temperature can be regulated.

In the presence of an air solar collector, it is easiest to provide the fresh air opening in the air solar collector.

In the presence of various devices as described above (mixing device, heat exchangers, louvers etc.) but also the installation in a separate room may be necessary.

Furthermore, it may be favorable if at least one heating register is preset for the carrier medium for the circuit formed by the channels.

By setting a heating register can be heated without a solar collector or if no solar heat due to lack of sunlight available, the carrier medium, in particular air and thus heated a building throughout the year or cooled.

In general, the subjectively perceived room temperature results as a mixed temperature of ambient surface temperature (masonry) and air temperature. Increasing the temperature of the surrounding areas, a room temperature can be achieved even with a lower air temperature in the room.

Conversely, when cooling a room with a low wall temperature, the air can be warmer with the same level of comfort.

For cooling, the air in the channels in the cladding panels is deprived of heat by a chiller. The air cools the masonry and the wall in turn cools the room.

The fact that practically the entire building can be used as a heating or cooling surface, there are only small differences in temperature for heating or cooling, whereby 7 AT 505 298 B1

Energy can be saved.

To ensure proper functioning of the wall cladding, the (air) ducts must be laid correctly. If a wall with the cladding elements is fully assembled, the course of the channels can only be controlled more difficult.

Accordingly, it is provided in a variant of the invention that markings are provided on an outer surface of the cladding element, on the basis of which the course of the channels can be seen.

The markings can identify the channels directly or the markings mark the spacers between the channels, which are located as elevations on the inside of the cladding element.

For example, the markings are stamped on the outer surface, painted, imprinted, applied in color, or applied in the form of a surface structure.

In this way, on the one hand, the plates can be positioned accurately and the dowels for plate setting can be set exactly and in a processed wall covering the air duct on the wall before plastering can be easily checked and corrected if necessary.

Furthermore, in order to avoid condensation, the cladding elements must be tight at the joints. It is therefore advantageous to bond the cladding elements in the course of processing to the joints or subsequently to glue or foam the joints.

In order to be able to connect the cladding elements optimally with each other, it may alternatively or additionally be further provided that the cladding elements are provided with a closing system, with e.g. a tongue and groove closing system or with sealing profile shapes, and it can be provided between the lining elements sealing elements.

In order to get dense air ducts, the masonry should also be as flat as possible (plastered) or at least at the facade ends plan (plaster) or be straightened in other ways.

In order to get a secure hold of the wall cladding on the wall, the cladding elements should be glued to the spacers with plate adhesive wall and / or pegged further.

In the following the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. In this shows

1 is a view of a building attached thereto inventive masonry,

2 shows the wall of the building of Figure 1 in a "rolled-up" representation,

3 shows a detail of a wall lining according to the invention,

4 shows an inventive cladding element in a plan view of the inner boundary surface with triangular channels,

5 shows the cladding element of Figure 4 in a side view,

6 shows the cladding element from FIGS. 4 and 5 in a view from above or below,

7 shows an inventive cladding element in a plan view of the inner boundary surface with rectangular channels,

8 shows the cladding element from FIG. 7 in a side view,

9 shows the cladding element from FIGS. 7 and 8 in a view from above or below,

10 is a vertical section through a wall with superposed cladding elements, 8 AT 505 298 B1

11 shows a part of a wall cladding with first cladding elements,

12 shows a part of a wall cladding with second cladding elements,

13 shows a part of a wall cladding with third cladding elements,

FIGS. 14-19 each show the outside of a cladding element with markings, and FIG. 20 shows a variant of a wall cladding in which vapor barriers are provided.

Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a building 3, Figure 2 shows the side walls of the building 3 of Figure 1 in a "rolled-up" representation. On a wall, preferably a south-facing outer wall is a solar panel 12 for heating a heat or. Provided cold carrier medium, it being assumed below that it is the carrier medium is air.

As can be seen schematically in FIG. 10, a wall consists of an outer wall 2, which is provided with a cladding 20. The wall cladding is constructed of plate-shaped cladding elements 1, wherein provided in the cladding elements 1 from top to bottom extending channels 4 for the flow of air. In the example shown, the cladding elements are thermal insulation boards.

The basic structure of a cladding element according to the invention with channels can be seen from Figure 3 and further discussed below with reference to Figures 4-6 and 7-9 in detail. The air warmed by the solar collector 12 flows through an inflow channel 13 into an upper main channel 14 that essentially surrounds the entire building 3, and the cooled air flows, after flowing through the lining elements 1 and the heat, to the wall 2 via a lower, in the Essentially around the entire building 3 circumferential lower main channel 15 and a discharge channel 16 in the solar collector 12 back. The flow direction of the air is indicated in Figure 2 and 3 with arrows.

Due to the preferably south-side attachment of the solar collector to the building, the air can be optimally heated and the heat is released when flowing around the building to the wall of the building.

The air can circulate in the channels without external constraint only by temperature-related density differences and gravity. However, in order to enable a faster flow and a more uniform heat dissipation, may further be provided that the carrier medium in the channels by means of positive guidance, for example by means of one or more, not shown in the drawing fans, is moved. In this way, heat can be reliably transported to the north side of the building.

The masonry thus serves as a heat storage and heating surface for the house.

The air flow and accordingly the arrangements of the channels should, in order to achieve a uniform flow and heat dissipation, take place on the principle of Tichelmann.

FIGS. 4 to 6 show an example of a panel-shaped cladding element 1 according to the invention in various views.

As already mentioned, the cladding element 1 has vertically extending channels 4 for the passage of a heat and / or cold carrier medium, in the described example of air, which extend from an upper boundary surface 5 to a lower boundary surface 6 of the cladding element 1 ,

The upper boundary surface 5 and the lower boundary surface 6 are formed and extend in such a way that in an arrangement of two identical cladding elements 1 9 AT 505 298 B1 vertically above each other on a wall 2, the two boundary surfaces 5, 6 join flush to each other, so this directly to each other issue.

Furthermore, the cladding panel 1 in the upper boundary surface 5 and in the lower boundary surface 6 according to the variant shown per a channel 7, 8, which extend from a first lateral boundary surface 9 to a second lateral boundary surface 10 of the cladding element 1.

The outwardly open channels 7, 8 are connected to the vertical channels 4, wherein the arrangement of the channels 7, 8 in the upper / lower boundary surfaces 5, 6 is such that the carrier medium between a lower vertical channel 5 of an upper cladding element 1 and an upper vertical channel 7 of a bottom arranged underneath lower cladding element 1 can flow. Usually, the channels 7, 8 in the upper and lower boundary surface 5, 6 have the same shape and position, so that these fit together accurately when two cladding elements are mounted one above the other.

The air can flow from top to bottom but also vice versa, but in principle a flow direction from top to bottom is provided.

The outer surface of the cladding elements is designated by the reference numeral 50; between the channels are spacers 52, which result from the formation of the channels on the inside of the cladding element. With these spacers 52, the attachment of the lining elements 1 takes place on the wall.

From such cladding elements 1 then a wall cladding 20 may be formed, wherein the cladding elements 1 are arranged in superposed, substantially horizontal rows and superimposed cladding elements 1 at their upper and / or lower boundary surfaces 5, 6 each flush with each other. Similarly, the cladding elements close laterally flush to each other.

With the plate-shaped cladding elements according to the invention, it is possible to disguise both new buildings as well as redevelop existing buildings. Due to the special design of the cladding elements with transverse channels in the upper and / or lower boundary surfaces, which are open to the outside, also a particularly simple assembly is possible. In the case of only vertically extending channels, lining elements lying one on top of the other must always be positioned as accurately as possible so that air can flow from an upper to a lower channel. In the invention, such exact positioning is no longer necessary since the carrier medium from the vertical channels of the upper cladding element first flows into the downwardly open transverse channel of the lower clipping surface and from there into the upper transverse channel of the lower, flush with the Upper cladding element subsequent cladding element flows. This is the preferred direction of flow, in principle a flow from bottom to top is also possible, as already mentioned.

The vertical channels 4 are mounted as depressions, such as profilings on the inner boundary surface 11 of the cladding element 1.

The warm carrier medium can flow directly along the wall of the building and accordingly, a particularly good heat transfer from the carrier medium can take place on the wall.

Therefore, the channels 7, 8 in the upper / lower boundary surface 5, 6 are preferably each formed as depressions on the inner boundary surface 11 and the upper or 1 0 AT 505 298 B1 lower boundary surface 5, 6. The recesses in the upper / lower boundary surface serve to make the transverse channels open up / down, so that the carrier medium can flow over between two cladding elements.

The vertical channels 4, 5 may in principle have any cross section, for example a semicircular or rectangular cross section. Preferably, however, the cross section is triangular as shown in FIGS. 4-6.

Particularly triangular cross-sections are favorable because they have a large transfer area for heat transfer to the wall at low air volume or volume of the support medium, they are also easy to manufacture.

In the variant shown vertical channels are also arranged in the lateral boundary surfaces 9, 10.

The channels 7, 8 in the upper / lower boundary surface 5, 6 and the vertical channels 4 in the lateral boundary surfaces 9, 10 also have a triangular cross-section.

In order to enable the largest possible and uniform heat transfer from a cladding element to the wall, are expediently provided between the upper and the lower boundary surface 5, 6 further extending from one boundary plane 9 to the other boundary surface 10 substantially horizontal channels 17, which with are connected to the substantially vertically extending channels 4, wherein these channels 17 are preferably formed as depressions on the inner boundary surface 11 and preferably have a triangular cross-section.

FIGS. 7 to 9 also show a cladding element 1, in which the channels (analogous reference symbols as in FIGS. 4 to 6) have a rectangular cross section.

The cladding elements according to the invention can be produced and mounted in a particularly simple manner if the upper and / or the lower boundary surface 5, 6 are formed from a continuous, preferably horizontally extending surface. Such cladding elements and a section of a corresponding wall cladding are shown in an elevation from the outside in FIG.

The term "horizontal" as well as the term "vertical" refer to the cladding element mounted on the wall state. For special applications, however, it may also be advantageous if the upper and / or lower boundary surfaces 5, 6 are made up of a plurality of partial surfaces 5 ', 5 ", 5"'; 6 ', 6 ", 6"' are formed, as shown in principle in an external view in Figure 12 and 13.

It is particularly favorable if the continuous upper and lower surfaces 5, 6 or the upper and the lower partial surfaces 5 ', 5 ", 5"'; 6 ', 6 ", 6"' parallel to each other, as shown in Figures 11-13. In this case, the cladding of a wall can be used with identical cladding elements, ie. it is only a kind of trim elements necessary.

For this reason, it is also particularly advantageous if the cladding elements have a horizontally extending upper and lower boundary surface, since with such cladding elements a wall can be clad from the masonry bench all the way to the foundation, as shown in particular in Figure 11.

With such cladding elements 1, a wall cladding initially described 20 1 1 AT 505 298 B1 is formed, in which the cladding elements 1 are arranged in superposed, substantially horizontal rows and superposed cladding elements 1 at their upper and / or lower boundary surfaces 5, 6 respectively flush with each other. Such a wall cladding 20 is very easy to assemble, since it must not be taken to bring the vertical channels of superimposed cladding elements to cover each other.

In summary, it can be stated that with the invention the heat loss of a building can be reduced and the incident solar energy can be used to heat the building.

The solar energy is converted into heat on the south side (east side, west side) of the building in air collectors. The heat is transferred to air and distributed with the help of air on the entire building facade.

The heated air flows from the collector into the distribution channels to the highest point of the facade and there horizontally around the building.

The channels are worked into the cladding, in the form that the warm air is in contact with the masonry and gives off the heat to the wall.

From this top horizontal main channel lead smaller vertical and horizontal channels to a collecting channel arranged below.

These channels are also incorporated into the cladding, in the form that the warm air is in contact with the masonry and the heat is released to the wall.

If a house with solid masonry (brick) is renovated or rebuilt with such a facade, then this building will manage almost without additional heating energy. Thus, existing houses can be converted to passive houses.

Current low-energy houses have huge windows to the south. In order to avoid overheating of the houses, these houses must be equipped with a shading device.

In the invention, when there is enough heat in the house, the air circuit is simply not turned on or off, thus overheating of the building can not occur.

Furthermore, in energy-saving houses, the living spaces must currently be oriented to the south. This results in long, not particularly compact buildings with often a long passageway on the north side.

With the invention, it is now possible to place living spaces on the north side again in passive house technology and thus build compactly with a small passageway in the center. This results in the same floor space a smaller house area, which means cheaper construction costs again.

In summer, as already discussed above, the building may be cooled by cooled air flowing in the ducts. For this purpose, at least one cooling coil is arranged in the circuit formed by the channels or in the fan line system for the carrier medium.

Preferably, both heating and cooling coils are arranged, since then the wall cladding can be used for heating and cooling. In principle, it is of course conceivable that only a heating or cooling is provided. 1 2 AT 505 298 B1

The heat extracted by the cooling register of the air flowing through can e.g. be used for hot water.

Finally, FIGS. 14-19 also show different variants for marking a cladding element 1 on the outer surface 50. The outer surface 50 with the corresponding markings 51, 51 'as well as the channels and the spacers 52 delimiting the channels (which, of course, are in reality not actually but only to be recognized by the markings).

Figure 14 shows a marking 51 of the channels with e.g. Color, Figure 15 shows a mark 51 'for the spacers 52nd

FIG. 16 shows a representation of the contours of the spacers 52 on the outer side 50.

FIGS. 17 and 18 show further markings 51 'of the spacers on the outer side 50, wherein, according to FIG. 18, the markings are attached to the outer side as depressions.

FIG. 19 again shows a marking 51 of the channels on the outside 50.

In general, a marking can be done, for example, by:

Stamping or grinding lines on the outside representing the channels. Stamping or grinding lines representing the spacers.

Emboss channels on the cladding element on the outside.

Emboss spacer on the cladding element.

Form channels on the cladding element.

Form spacers on the cladding element.

On the outer surface make the individual areas visible through different colors.

On the outer surface make the individual areas visible through different surface heights.

On the outer surface make the individual areas visible through different surface roughness.

On the outer surface make the individual areas visible through different surface structures.

Fig. 20 finally shows a variant of a wall cladding, in which vapor barriers 70, 71 are provided. Condensate may form between the cladding elements 1 under certain circumstances. To avoid this, it is necessary to glue the cladding elements together at their edges, which is relatively expensive.

This can be avoided more easily if either *) between the outer wall 2 of the building 3 and the cladding elements 1 one or more vapor barriers 70 are provided, or *) on the outside of the cladding elements 1 cover plates 80 are mounted and

Claims (32)

1 3 AT 505 298 B1 one or more vapor barriers 71 are provided between the cladding elements 1 and the cover plates 80, or *) the two variants mentioned above are realized together, as shown in FIG. The vapor barriers 70, 71 are arranged such that they each cover the contact regions 72 between two or more cladding elements 1, or extends a vapor barrier equal to two or more cladding elements. Preferably, the one or more vapor barriers are formed as shown one or more foils 70, 71 or as a paint. A vapor barrier to the wall is usually not necessary, since when condensate condensation occurs mainly on the interior plaster, but may be appropriate. Between the cladding elements, condensate can form in the gaps between the elements, in particular during heating operation at low outside temperatures. By attaching the vapor barriers which overlap the cladding elements at the gaps to which vapor barriers, e.g. Then slides the outer cover plates is then deducted, the dew point can be moved by selecting the plate thickness of the outer plate in the outer plate. Dowels and screws for attaching the lining elements 1 to the outer wall 2 are located below the cladding elements 1 and are therefore insulated. The outer plates can, as required by ÖNORM, be bonded all around to the other outer plates in the middle and with the inner plates 1 and thus need not be dowelled. 1. A plate-shaped cladding element (1) for a wall (2) of a building (3), wherein in the cladding element (1) one or more channels (4, 7, 8, 14, 15, 17) for the flow of a heat and / or cold carrier medium, preferably for air, are provided, which channels (4, 7, 8, 17) on a in the attached to the wall (2) state of the wall (2) facing the boundary surface (11) to the outside, the wall (2) facing open, characterized in that in the cladding element (1) one or more substantially vertically extending channels (4) are provided for flow through the heat and / or cold carrier medium, wherein the at least a substantially vertical channel (4) extending from an upper boundary surface (5) to a lower boundary surface (6) of the cladding element (1), and wherein the upper boundary surface (5) and / or the lower boundary surface (6) are formed b zw. Such run that when an arrangement of two cladding elements (1) vertically above each other on a wall (2), the two boundary surfaces (5, 6) flush with each other, and wherein in the upper boundary surface (5) and / or the lower Boundary surface (6) at least one channel (7, 8) from the one lateral boundary surface (9) extends to a second lateral boundary surface (10) of the cladding element (1), and wherein the at least one channel (7, 8) with the at least a vertical channel (4) is connected, and wherein the arrangement of the channels (7, 8) in the upper / lower boundary surfaces (5, 6) is such that the support medium between a lower vertical channel (6) of an upper cladding element (1 ) and an upper vertical channel (5) of a lower cladding element (1) arranged flush thereunder, and / or one or more horizontally extending channels (17) for throughflow ng are provided for the heat and / or cold carrier medium, wherein the at least one substantially horizontal channel (17) extends from a first lateral boundary surface (9) to a second lateral boundary surface (10) of the cladding element (1), and wherein at least one of the lateral boundary surfaces (9, 10) is formed or extends in such a way that, in an arrangement of two cladding elements (1) horizontally next to each other on a wall (2), the two boundary surfaces (9, 10) flush with each other, wherein at least one channel (4) extends from the upper boundary surface (5) to the lower boundary surface (6) in at least one of the lateral boundary surfaces (9, 10), and wherein the at least one channel (4) communicates with the at least one horizontal channel (17) is connected, and wherein the arrangement of the channels (4) in the at least one lateral boundary surface (9, 10) is such that the Trägermed ium between a lin-ken / right channel (4) of a right / left panel element (4) of two flush juxtaposed cladding elements (1) can flow. 2. cladding element according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical and / or horizontal channels (4, 5, 17) as recesses on the inner boundary surface (11) of the cladding element (1) are mounted. 3. cladding element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the channels (7, 8) in the upper and / or lower boundary surface (5, 6) respectively as depressions on the inner boundary surface (11) and the upper or lower boundary surface (5, 6) are formed, and / or that the channels (4) in the lateral boundary surfaces (9, 10) in each case as depressions on the inner boundary surface (11) and the lateral boundary surface (9, 10) are formed. 4. cladding element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the vertical and / or horizontal channels (4, 5) have a substantially semicircular, rectangular or triangular cross-section. 5. cladding element according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that vertical channels (4) in the lateral boundary surfaces (9,10) are arranged. 6. cladding element according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the channels (7, 8) in the upper / lower boundary surface (5, 6) and / or the vertical channels (4) in the lateral boundary surfaces (5, 6 ) have a quarter-circle, rectangular or triangular cross-section. 7. cladding element according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that between the upper and the lower boundary surface (5, 6) further from one boundary plane (9) to the other boundary surface (10) extending channels (17) are provided, which are connected to the substantially vertically extending channels (4), wherein these channels (17) are preferably formed as depressions on the inner boundary surface (11) and preferably have semicircular, rectangular or triangular cross-section. 8. cladding element according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the upper and / or the lower boundary surface (5, 6) is formed of a continuous, preferably horizontally extending surface. 9. cladding element according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the upper and / or the lower boundary surface (5, 6) consists of a plurality of partial surfaces (5 ', 5 ", 5"', 6 "). , 6 ", 6 '") are formed. 10. Cladding element according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the continuous upper and lower surfaces (5, 6) or the upper and the lower partial surfaces (5 ', 5 ", 5"', 6 ', 6 ", 6 " ') are parallel to each other. 11. cladding element according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it is designed as an insulating board. 12. cladding element according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that on an outer surface (50) of the cladding element (1) markings (51, 5T) are provided on the hand of which the course of the channels (4, 7, 8, 14 , 15, 17) is recognizable. 13. cladding element according to claim 12, characterized in that the markings (51) the channels directly or the markings (51 ') which are located between the channels spacers (52) mark. 14. cladding element according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the markings (51, 5T) on the outer surface (50) stamped on, painted, embossed, applied in color, or are applied in the form of a surface structure. 15. Cladding element according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it is provided with a locking system. 16. cladding element according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it is designed as a spacer for an insulating board. 17. wall cladding for an outer wall (2) of a building (3) consisting of a number of plate-shaped cladding elements (1) according to one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the cladding elements (1) are arranged in superimposed, substantially horizontal rows and superimposed cladding elements (1) at their upper and / or lower boundary surfaces (5, 6) each flush with each other, and / or wherein the cladding elements (1) are arranged in adjacent, substantially vertical rows and laterally adjacent cladding elements (1 ) with their lateral boundary surfaces (9, 10) each flush with each other. 18. wall cladding according to claim 17, characterized in that at least one solar collector (12) is provided for heating of the support medium, and wherein at least one inflow duct (13), the warmed support medium flows into at least a first main channel (14), and the cooled Carrier medium, after flowing through the channels (4, 7, 8, 17) in the cladding elements (1) and the heat to the wall (2) of the building (3), via at least a second main channel (15) in the solar collector (12 ) flows back. 19. wall cladding according to claim 18, characterized in that the at least one first main channel (14) is an upper main channel (14) which in an upper region of the building (3) at least partially surrounds the building (3), and the second Main channel is a lower main channel (15), which at least partially surrounds the building (3) in a lower area. 20. wall cladding according to claim 19, characterized in that the main channels (14, 15) substantially to the entire building (3) rotate. 1 6 AT 505 298 B1 21. Wall cladding according to claim 20, characterized in that the main channels are substantially perpendicular channels. 22. Wall cladding according to one of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that the carrier medium in the channels (4, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16) by means of positive guidance, for example by means of one or more fans, is moved. 23. wall cladding according to one of claims 17 to 22, characterized in that as the carrier medium air is provided and at least one fresh air opening for introducing fresh air into the air circuit formed by the channels (4, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16) is provided. 24. wall cladding according to claim 23, characterized in that the fresh air opening in the air-solar collector (12) is provided. 25. wall cladding according to one of claims 17 to 24, characterized in that the channels formed by the channels (4, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16) for the carrier medium at least one heating coil is preset. 26. wall cladding according to one of claims 17 to 25, characterized in that in the of the channels (4, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16) formed circuit for the carrier medium and / or arranged in the fan line system at least one cooling coil , 27. wall cladding according to one of claims 17 to 26, characterized in that between the cladding elements (1) sealing elements are provided. 28. Wall cladding according to one of claims 17 to 27, characterized in that the cladding elements (1) are glued to the spacers (52) with the wall and / or pegged. 29. Wall cladding according to one of claims 17 to 28, characterized in that between the outer wall (2) of the building (3) and the cladding elements (1) one or more vapor barriers (70) are provided. 30. Wall cladding according to one of claims 17 to 29, characterized in that on the outside of the cladding elements (1) cover plates (80) are mounted and provided between the cladding elements (1) and the cover plates (80) one or more vapor barriers (71) are. 31. wall cladding according to claim 29 or 30, characterized in that the vapor barriers (70, 71) are arranged such that they each cover the contact areas between two or more cladding elements (1). 32. Wall cladding according to one of claims 29 to 31, characterized in that the one or more vapor barriers are formed as one or more films (70, 71) or as a paint. For this 10 sheets of drawings