AT401401B - SPREADER FOR A SPREADING VEHICLE FOR DISTRIBUTING SPREADING MATERIAL - Google Patents

Description

ΑΤ 401 401 Β

The invention relates to a spreading device for a spreading vehicle for distributing spreading material, e.g. against ice and snow, with a spreading device with spreading plate and a spreading material container which is removably arranged behind the open back of a tiltable loading bridge, which is attached to the loading bridge or placed on the loading bridge and which is provided on its bottom with an outlet opening directed towards the spreading plate, which is assigned to a grit feed conveyor.

In such known spreading devices, the spreading part is attached directly to the spreading material container. When the spreading material tilts out of the tiltable loading bridge of the spreading device, both the spreading material container and the spreading plate are pivoted so that the tilting range is restricted and the spreading plate can be damaged.

From DE 15 34 269 A a spreading device is known which is detachably fastened to the frame of the spreading vehicle by means of a holding device. This ensures that the spreader plate retains its position unchanged when the loading bridge is tilted. The scattering part is attached to a holding device consisting of two longitudinal arms, which is connected to the vehicle frame via holding arms. The holding device with the two longitudinal arms stands downward from the vehicle frame, and the height of the holding arms, to the lower end of which the longitudinal arms are attached, corresponds approximately to the height difference between the front and rear ends of the inclined bottom of the grit container. The holding device hinders access to the trailer device or coupling of the spreading vehicle, and it is necessary for a trailer operation to dismantle the spreading material container and the spreading part so that the trailer drawbar can be connected to the coupling if the spreading vehicle is to be coupled to a trailer.

When tilting the loading bridge filled with spreading material with the spreading material container, the weight shift is so unfavorable in such spreading vehicles that the tilted loading bridge no longer automatically returns to the horizontal position, since the spreading material slides back and down beyond the tipping point, the spreading material container is filled and this causes a high moment caused by excess weight in the extreme rear area.

In the bottom of the grit container, an outlet opening is provided at the lowest point thereof, which is fed with the aid of a screw conveyor to the grit in the grit container and is delivered to the spreading plate. The screw conveyor conveys the spreading material laterally from the outside to the centrally arranged outlet opening. The outlet opening in the bottom of the grit container is covered at the top to prevent the grit located above the outlet opening from flowing directly through the outlet opening. This often leads to an accumulation of grit over the cover.

From CH 434 331 A and DE 15 34 257 A a grit container is attached behind the back of the open, tiltable loading bridge of the gritting vehicle, in which the spreader plate with drive motor and drive shaft is pivotally and adjustably attached to the container so that it is in Each tilting position of the loading bridge and the spreading material container attached to it always assumes the same parallel or oblique position to the road surface, so that the same spreading cone and the same spreading density is maintained at all times. Here, the entire spreading device, which consists of the spreading material container, the spreading part, the spreading plate and drive as well as the spreading material in the container, is attached to the loading bridge, so that in operation the entire spreading device projects beyond the rear of the loading bridge. Even with such a configuration, a shift in the weight of the spreading material on the tilted loading bridge means that it does not automatically return to the horizontal position due to the high moment caused by being overweight.

The object of the invention is to design and arrange the spreading part, the spreading material container and the spreading material feed to the conveying device, in particular a screw conveyor on the vehicle, in such a way that the interaction of the spreading device and the spreading vehicle is as simple and safe as possible, and proper access to the trailer coupling on the spreading vehicle is achieved If the spreading part is removed, the return of the tilted, fully or partially filled loading bridge into the horizontal is ensured, a material removal from the loading bridge is achieved which meets all the requirements of the company, and the spreading material feed is optimized with the smallest possible spreading material container so that the Loading bridge must be tilted as little as possible.

This is achieved according to the invention in a generic spreading device in that an automatically acting spring arrangement or hydraulic or pneumatic lifting device supporting the return movement of the loading bridge is provided between the vehicle frame of the spreading vehicle and the underside of the spreading material container. Further embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

According to the invention, the grit container is not attached to or on the mounting brackets of the frame of the gritting vehicle, but is directly attached to or placed on the loading bridge, projecting somewhat to the rear so that the grit container is tilted together with the loading bridge 2

AT 401 401 B and the trailer coupling is freely accessible, which means that trailers can be operated without any hindrance when the spreading material container and the spreading part are removed. A reduction in the volume of the grit container compared to known grit containers, which necessitates frequent refilling of the grit container, is more than compensated for by a particularly expedient, reliable and effective supply of grit material. A grit container of short length also has the advantage that the material weight in the section of the loading bridge behind the tipping point is as small as possible compared to the material weight before the tipping point and thus the moment required by the force arrangement for returning the tilted loading bridge is supported.

The waves of the feed conveyor, e.g. is designed as a screw conveyor, are stored in the side walls of the grit container at a distance from the screw conveyor. Furthermore, the feed screw can be preceded by one or more feed shafts. The agitator shaft is particularly suitable for less free-flowing materials, e.g. Sand-salt mixture is advantageous, with the embodiment of the invention optionally consisting of a screw conveyor and a feed screw or a screw conveyor and an agitator shaft, a clearing screw or a screw conveyor, an agitator shaft and one or more additional upstream screw conveyors.

In order to switch off the unfavorable weight shift when tipping the loading bridge filled with spreading material with attached spreading material container and the risk that the loading bridge does not automatically return to the horizontal position and the spreading material slides back over the tipping point, according to the invention, the return movement or return movement supporting, self-acting power device proposed, for example is in the form of a mechanical spring arrangement or a pneumatic or hydraulic lifting or pulling device which is arranged between the frame of the vehicle and the underside of the loading bridge. For this purpose, one or more compression springs, e.g. are guided in telescopic tubes or have the appropriate guides; these compression springs are maximally compressed when the loading bridge is tilted and act continuously on the rear end of the loading bridge in such a way that they support the return of the loading bridge to the horizontal. Such a spring arrangement can be arranged approximately centrally or on both sides symmetrically to the longitudinal center axis. This spring arrangement ensures that a force is continuously exerted on the tilted loading bridge of the vehicle with the grit container attached to it by the spring arrangement supported on the vehicle frame, which supports the return of the tilted loading bridge to the horizontal without the driver intervening in the tilting process or this too just have to monitor. The force exerted by the spring arrangement is a maximum when the loading bridge is fully tilted and a minimum or zero when it is returned, i.e. horizontal loading bridge so that the maximum force is exerted at the beginning of the return movement.

The grit container and spring arrangement are attached to the vehicle frame together with a quick attachment device, with the aid of which the grit container and spring arrangement can be connected to or detached from the loading bridge with a minimum of work and time. The quick attachment device consists of a support device running transversely to the vehicle's longitudinal axis in the form of a holding rail, which is hooked into the open legs of the U-frame parts on the underside of the loading bridge and locked there. The quick mounting device takes on the grit container and the spring arrangement.

The conveyor screw arranged in the grit container is assigned a feed conveyor device, which at a distance from the auger both upwards over the cover of the outlet opening of the grit container and forward, i.e. is arranged offset in the loading bridge and the grit from the center to the left and right to the side areas of the grit container and in the outer area backwards towards the screw conveyor, so that the grit accumulated above the cover only loops along the feed screw is conveyed outside and then inwards by the feed screw conveyors to the discharge opening. In this way, a cluster of grit over the cover is reduced or the occurrence of such a cluster is prevented.

In a further embodiment of the invention it is proposed to design the spreading device and in particular the loading bridge receiving the spreading material in such a way that sand or split and salt can be scattered simultaneously or independently of one another. For this purpose, a salt container is placed on the loading bridge, which can be locked to the loading bridge with the aid of quick-release fasteners and which has a screw conveyor or broaching arrangement with its own drive, which is used exclusively for discharging salt. The salt container is preferably an open and otherwise closed insert component made of stainless material, which can be easily removed and set down if necessary, and which is an integrated unit, i.e. a combination of container, screw conveyor and external drive, which can only be placed on the loading bridge if required. The bottom of the salt container is either arranged parallel to the bottom of the loading bridge or at a small angle to it, so that the material 3

AT 401 401 B slips more easily to the outlet. The salt in the container is preferably transported via one or more conveyor shafts with wing-like or lobe-like conveyor elements distributed over the surface or via one or more screws or broaching conveyors, the axes of which run parallel to one another and to the direction of travel, and which are driven by a hydraulic motor via gears and chain drives are driven, for example is attached to the outside of the dock leveler. The salt can optionally be conveyed from the salt container with the aid of a vibration conveyor, which can be arranged between the bottom of the loading bridge and the bottom of the salt container.

The screw conveyor, which extends between the side walls of the loading bridge, is divided into two separate sections, one of which passes through the salt container and the other of which passes through the remaining part of the loading bridge. Both sections are mounted with their mutually facing end in the common partition between the salt container and dock leveler and in each case on the corresponding outer wall and can be driven and uncoupled independently of one another, so that one or the other section or optionally both sections can be in operation simultaneously. Instead of such a transversely extending screw conveyor, in a modified embodiment of the invention, a plurality of longitudinally extending conveyor shafts with a helical thread or with wings, rags or similar conveyor or clearing elements can be provided, which are formed parallel to the conveyor shaft or the conveyor shafts in the salt container and which stored in the tailgate rear wall and driven together by a drive motor attached to the rear wall.

In a special embodiment of the invention, the spreader is attached to the rear of the dock leveler so that the spreader part with the spreader plate retains its working position when the dock leveler is tilted and can be swiveled up or out of its operating position when it is out of operation. For this purpose, the scattering part is fastened to a linkage which is moved or pivoted away from the loading bridge due to the tilting movement of the loading bridge. In this way, spreading material can be spread over the spreading disc even when the loading bridge is tilted. The linkage is locked in the two end positions and is attached to the frame of the transport vehicle and to the rear of the loading bridge. The spreading disc can also be swiveled up b2w from its operating position into the stowed position. designed to fold up. To fold up the spreading disc, a lock on the spreading disc holder is released, the spreading disc is folded up by one bearing and then, when folded up, fixed again on another locking mechanism that is attached to the loading bridge.

The invention is explained below in connection with the drawing using an exemplary embodiment. 1 shows a side view of a spreader with a spreader attached to the rear end, FIG. 2 shows the rear end of the spreader with spreader and with an additional lifting device for the loading bridge, FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of the additional lifting device according to FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration of the trailer coupling and the attachment of the spreading part, FIG. 5 shows a view of a quick attachment device for the spreading part from the rear, FIG. 6a, 6b schematic diagrams of the mode of operation of the quick attachment device according to FIG. 5, FIG 7, FIG. 9 is a top view of a loading bridge with an additional, separate salt container, and FIG. 10 is a side view of the attachment of the spreading part with a spreading plate that can be folded up.

The spreading vehicle 1 is a conventional road vehicle, e.g. a Unimog. The loading bridge 2 picks up grit and delivers it to the grit container 3, which is attached to the back of the loading bridge 2; the loading bridge 2 can be tilted for filling the grit container 3 with the aid of a hydraulic lifting device 4 about a pivot bearing 5 arranged on the vehicle frame 7 and is pivoted back into the horizontal starting position after the grit container has been filled. The grit container 3 and the grit 8 are rigidly attached to the loading bridge 2 and tiltable together with this. From the grit container 3, the grit is fed into the grit part 8 via a grit chute 9 and spread out via the grit plate 14 of the grit part 8. The gritter chute 9 or chute consists, for example, of a part 9a firmly connected to the grit container 3 and a part 9b connected to the spreader plate; both parts are telescopically displaceable when the loading bridge 2 is tilted.

The grit container 3 is placed on the rear end 10 of the loading bridge 2, is attached to the loading bridge 2 and projects only slightly beyond the loading bridge 2 towards the rear. The bottom 11 of the grit container 3 has at its deepest point an opening 12 which merges into an outlet 13 from which the grit channel 9 extends. This gritter is e.g. a double tube gutter arrangement which feeds the spreading material to the spreading plate 14. The two channels overlap, with the upper channel sliding over the lower channel when the grit container is tipped. The scattering part 8 is attached to the vehicle frame 7 via an L-shaped support arm 15 and is adjustable in height at 16 and adjustable in length at 17. A support 19 is provided on the mounting frame 18 at its rear end, which supports the bearings 5 for tilting the loading bridge 2. At the rear part 20 of the vehicle frame 7 there is a 4th

AT 401 401 B

Trailer coupling 21 of conventional construction attached. This coupling is freely accessible when the spreading part 8 with its support device 15 is detached from the vehicle frame and can accommodate a drawbar or the like of a trailer without further changes or precautions having to be taken. In contrast to this, in a comparable known arrangement (DE 15 34 269 A) the grit container is rigidly attached to the vehicle frame, so that the loading bridge is moved relative to the grit container and practically into it when tilted; in known embodiments, the grit container is firmly connected to the back of the loading bridge and then pivotable to me; he stands so far back and down over the loading bridge that to achieve free access to the trailer hitch the grit container with the grit must be dismantled, which means a considerable amount of additional work.

A spring arrangement 22 or 22 ′ is provided between the mounting frame 7 and the loading bridge 2 and has a single or multiple spring 23 within a telescopic housing 24. The spring arrangement can be arranged centrally with respect to the loading bridge, but several such spring arrangements, e.g. one on each side of the dock leveler. The spring 23 is at the upper end at 25 with the loading bridge 2 b2w. attached to the bottom of the grit container 3 and stored at 26. The other spring end is connected via a flange 27 to a further flange 28 which is fastened to the vehicle frame and which has adjustment openings 29. Instead of a mechanical spring 23, this spring arrangement can also be designed in the form of a hydraulic or pneumatic lifting device. The spring arrangement 22 is arranged in the longitudinal axis behind the tipping point 5 of the loading bridge 2 and exerts a restoring pressure on the loading bridge.

The quick attachment device 31 is inserted into the U-rails 32, 33 on the longitudinal beams of the loading bridge 2 (FIG. 4) and locked. A rod-shaped carrier 34 has two arms 35, 36 which are formed in one piece with a carrier plate 37. The plate 37 has recesses 38 and 39, the width of which is selected to be somewhat larger than the leg length of the U-rails 32, 33 and which engage over the U-rails when the support plate 37 is pivoted up. On the carrier plate 37, a left and a right latch 40, 41 are attached, each with an actuating lever 42, 43, which in the pivoted-up position of the carrier plate 37 are shifted inwards and lie over the U-rails 32, 33. The rod-shaped carrier 34 has locking elements 44, e.g. Eccentrics on which, when the plate 37 is pivoted up, result in a releasable locking on the loading bridge. Fastening points 45, 46 for receiving the springs 22 and the grit container 3 are provided on the carrier plate 37.

FIGS. 6a and 6b show the mode of operation of the quick attachment device 31. In FIG. 6a, the quick attachment device is shown in the position in which it is hooked into the U-profiles of the vehicle frame and hangs freely downwards while it is being used for fixing it, such as 6b, is pivoted about 90 ° upward about the axis 34 and is locked in this position by the bolts 40 to 43. An additional locking is carried out by eccentric elements or the like. 44, which allow the attachment to be clamped. 5 shows the left half of the quick attachment device 31; the right side has the same mirror image around the dash-dotted axis.

The representations in FIGS. 7 and 8 show a grit supply device in the grit container 60, the back of which is designated 61 and the bottom of which is designated 62. In the bottom 62, a grit outlet opening 63 is provided for delivery to the grit, with 64 the bottom of the loading bridge 2 is designated. The grit feed device consists of a conveyor device 65 in the form of a screw conveyor, optionally an agitator shaft 66, a feed conveyor device 67 in the form of one or more further screw conveyors or broaching screws, and a drive connection 68 between the two screw conveyors 65 and 67. Above the screw conveyor 65 A cover plate 69 is provided in the area of the outlet opening 63, which causes the spreading material lying above the screw conveyor 65 to act directly on the screw conveyor 65 and the outlet area 63 at this point. The screw conveyor 65 is formed in two parts and the screw flights 70, 71 are set so that the grit to the center, i.e. is transported to the outlet opening 63, as indicated by arrows 72, 73. Such screw conveyors 65 are common. It is essential for the present invention that the auger 65 is assigned a clearing worm 67; Both screw conveyors 65 and 67 are arranged parallel to one another, spaced apart in the longitudinal axis and offset in height. The broaching screw 67 is also formed in two parts, the threads 74, 75 being arranged opposite to the direction of action of the screw conveyor 65, i.e. convey the spreading material outwards from the center as shown by arrows 76 and 77; this conveyed good is, as indicated by the arrows 78, 79, fed along the side walls of the grit container 60 to the screw conveyor 65. This effectively prevents scattering material accumulation above the cover plate 69. This measure can be supported by an associated agitator shaft 66 if the grit material makes this necessary. 5

Claims (7)

AT 401 401 B FIG. 9 shows a top view of the loading bridge 2 with a screw conveyor 65 and a feed conveyor 67 and a grit container 3. Inside the loading bridge 2, a box-shaped salt container 80 is placed on the floor of the loading bridge 2. The salt container 80 is preferably made of stainless steel sheet; its capacity is much less than that of the dock leveler; the container 80 is arranged laterally on a side wall of the loading bridge 2 and its two side walls 81 and 82 are detachable at 85 and 86, for example with corresponding walls 83 and 84 of the grit container 3. with the help of quick fasteners, so that the insertion of the salt container 80 into the loading bridge 2 is possible in a simple and quick manner. The salt container 80 has two screw conveyors 87 and 88, the axes of which run parallel to one another in the material conveying direction. The shafts 89 and 90 of the two screw conveyors 87 and 88 are driven by a common drive motor, e.g. a hydraulic motor 91 driven by gears 92, 93 and chain drive 94. The bottom of the salt container 80 can lie directly on the bottom of the loading bridge 2 or can be inclined slightly towards the bottom of the loading bridge 2 so that the material slides more easily and, if necessary, a (schematically indicated) vibrator 95 or vibrator between the bottom of the loading bridge and bottom of the salt container can be used if a vibrator drive is to be used instead of the screw conveyors. Instead of the feed conveyor device 67, which is arranged parallel to the screw conveyor 65, clearing shafts 96, 97, 98 can be provided, which are arranged parallel to the side walls of the loading bridge 2 and extend to the rear of the grit container 3 (above the screw conveyor 65); The arrangement and design is selected in accordance with the screw conveyors 87, 88 shown in FIG. 9 within the salt container 80. The clearing shafts 96, 97, 98 are coupled to one another in terms of drive and are driven by toothed wheels and chains by a common hydraulic drive motor (not shown), similar to what is indicated in FIG. 9 for the clearing shafts 87 and 88. The clearing shafts can be screw conveyors, but the clearing elements can also be lobes, wings or the like distributed over the shaft circumference. The illustration according to FIG. 10 shows an arrangement of the spreading part, in which the spreading plate 14 maintains its working position even when the loading bridge is tilted, so that spreading can take place without hindrance even during tilting. For this purpose, a lower tab 99 is attached to the outside of the rear wall of the grit container 3, in which a rod 100 is rotatably arranged at 101. The rod 100 is articulated at 101 'to a rod 102 which is articulated at 103 on the frame 7. The end 104 of the rod 100 is designed as a swivel joint 104 which is fastened with a parallel swivel joint 105 of a rod 106 which is articulated at 107 to the grit container 3. With the rod 106, a sleeve 108 is rigidly connected, which receives a tube 109 which is articulated to the rod 106 at 110 and which, in the sleeve 108, has a holder 112 for the spreading plate 14 at the lower end at 111. If the loading bridge 2 and thus the grit container 3 is tilted, the linkage arrangement 100, 102, 106, 109 is moved to the right and pulled apart and the spreader plate 14 is carried in such a way that the tube 109 and thus the spreader plate 14 maintains approximately the vertical position. If the spreading plate 14 is not required, a lock 113 can be opened and the tube 109 with the spreading plate 14 can be pivoted upward about the articulation point 110 and fixed there again at a locking point 114, so that the spreading plate is then folded up. 1. Spreading device for a spreading vehicle for distributing spreading material, for. B. against ice and snow, with a spreader with spreading plate and a removable behind the open back of a tilting loading bridge grit container, which is attached to the dock leveler or placed on the dock leveler and at its bottom with an outlet opening directed against the spreading plate is provided, which is assigned to a grit supply conveyor, characterized in that an automatically acting spring arrangement (22, 22 ', 23, 24) supporting the restoring movement of the loading bridge (2) or hydraulic or pneumatic lifting device between the vehicle frame (7) of the gritting vehicle ( 1) and underside of the grit container (3) is provided. 2. Spreading device according to claim 1, characterized in that a transversely to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, as a carrying device (34 - 46) in the form of a support plate (37) designed quick attachment device is provided, which in the open legs of U-frame parts (32, 33) of the profile frame of the loading bridge (2) can be suspended and locked there, and that the spreading device (8) and the spring arrangement (22, 22 ') are rigidly attached to a support arm (15) of the vehicle frame (7). 3. Spreading device according to claim 1, characterized in that in addition to the grit feed conveyor (65) a further feed conveyor (67) is provided within the loading bridge (2) that both feeders 6 AT 401 401 B (65, 67) parallel to each other, are arranged at a distance from one another and offset in height, and in that the two feed conveyors (65, 67) have a common drive connection (68). 4. Spreading device according to claim 3, characterized in that the inside of the loading bridge (2) arranged feed conveyor (67) as a from the center of the loading bridge out to the loading bridge side walls and from there the spreading material feed conveyor (65) to be operated conveyor and that the grit supply conveyor (65) is designed as a conveyor which works from the outside inwards against the centrally arranged grit discharge opening (63). 5. Spreading device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the spreading part (8) with spreading disc (14) on the spreading material container (3) with the aid of an articulated (at 101) with the vehicle frame (7) and the spreading material container (3) connected linkage arrangement (100-107) while maintaining the approximately vertical operating position of the spreading disc (14) when the loading bridge (2) is displaceably arranged in the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, and that the linkage arrangement (100-107) consists of a first, rotatable (at 101) on the grit container (3) mounted rod (100) with swivel joint (104), a second, articulated (at 107) with the grit container (3) mounted rod (106) with the swivel joint (104) associated swivel joint (105), and a third , articulated (at 101 ') between the rod (100) and the vehicle frame (7) arranged rod (102). 6. Spreading device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the spreading plate (14) from the working position into the rest position is designed to be foldable upwards. 7. Spreading device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the grit container (3) by partition walls (83, 84) is divided, and that the separated space (80) within the grit container (3) at least one separate grit supply conveyor (87 , 88). Including 4 sheets of drawings 7