JP2010136456A - ロバストなデジタル電子透かし入れ信号の挿入方法および電子透かし検出方法 - Google Patents
ロバストなデジタル電子透かし入れ信号の挿入方法および電子透かし検出方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】電子透かし入れされるデータを、MPEGの8×8画素ブロック等の、1連のn×nブロックへ分割し、これらのブロックを合計して電子透かしを挿入する1つの合計ブロックを形成する。同じ電子透かし信号をさまざまな方法で一連のブロック全体に配分でき、復号器に影響を及ぼすことなく挿入アルゴリズムを変えられる。復号では、最初に各8×8ブロックのDCT係数を合計し、次に合計したブロックから電子透かしを抽出する。DCTブロックの合計は画素値ブロックの合計のDCTに等しいため、空間および周波数ドメインの両方で効率的な復号が行われる。復号過程の対称性により、幾何学的歪みを空間ドメインで処理し、他の信号歪みを周波数ドメイン領域で処理することができる。
【選択図】図1
Description
式中、D_k[i](i=1,...,n_k)は、V[k]を計算するのに使用されるDCT係数の集合の項(メンバ)を示し、n_kは項の数を示し、F_k[i](i=1,...,n_k)は、フィルタ処理に関係する重み付け係数である。F_kの概念は、各係数についてどの程度の大きさのノイズが予想できるかに従って、DCT係数に重み付けを行おうというものである。V[1,...,N]を計算するには、画像全体にわたって最初にn×nのDCT係数を計算する。次に、その係数をN個の集合に分類し、そのそれぞれをV[1,...,N]の各要素に関連づける。DCT係数の分類の規則は予め設定したものであり、電子透かしの挿入および検出の両方に同じ規則を使用する。
ここで、αは小さい定数であり、Wはゼロ平均電子透かし信号である。ここでは同じ式を使用することもできるが、制約が大きいため、本発明によって本来可能である強い電子透かしを実現することはできない。そこで、このかわりに次式を用いる。
ここでmean()は平均値を与える関数である。これによって、大抵の場合は、画像に知覚できる変化を生じることなく、電子透かしWと完全な相関を有するωを挿入することができる。
ここで、std(X)はXの標準偏差である。
式中、重み付け係数F_k[1,...,n_k]は、V[k]の計算で使用したものと同じ値である。次に、値Vr[k]とターゲット値ω[k]との間の差の絶対値と、その差の符号を、以下の式によって計算する(ステップ504)。
s=Sign(Vr[k]−ω[k])
ここで、
れらの各付加的な電子透かしは、電子透かしの挿入後に画像に対して対応する既知の変換を行う場合に、電子透かしの挿入時に使用したn×nブロックのグリッドが、検出時に使用される所定のグリッドと一致するように設計されている。したがって、例えばDVDの場合、画像に対して変換が施されない場合には、検出時のグリッドは(何の変換もうけていない)通常の電子透かしのものと一致し、通常の電子透かしが検出される。付加的な電子透かしとして、“パンスキャン”用の電子透かしを挿入しておけば、画像に対して“パンスキャン”変換を行うと、検出時のグリッドが“パンスキャン”用の電子透かしのものと一致し、“パンスキャン”用の電子透かしが検出される。“レターボックス”変換もしくは任意他の所定の変換についても同様に、対応する付加的な電子透かしを挿入することによって対処できるようになる。
式中、f(r,c)はrおよびcの線形関数であり、f(0,1)およびf(1,0)は整数である。さらに、h_m(i,j)を下記式で表される関数とする。
式中、aは整数である。
これは、指数mが
m1=(m0+f(0,1)) mod M
に等しいブロックが、m=m0であるブロックに隣接していることを意味している。そこで、行列VB1において、値VB_m1を値VB_m0の隣りにコピーする。そのため、各I(I=0,...,M−1)について、VB_m’[i,j](i=1,...,n,j=1,...,n,m’=I×f(0,1) mod M)を、左上の角の指数を(1,nI+1)とする、VB1内のn×nの正方形領域にコピーする。全ての値Iをコピーした後、f(0,1)とMが互いに素であることから、配列VB1は値VB_m[i,j]で埋まる。次に、配列VB1中の値を水平方向にXだけ巡回シフトさせる。
これは、指数mが
m1=(m0+f(1,0))mod M
に等しいブロックが、m=m0であるブロック下にあることを意味している。そこで、行列VB2において、値VB_m1を値VB_m0下にコピーする。そのため、各I(I=0,...,M−1)に対して、VB_m’[i,j](i=1,...,n,j=1,...,n,m’=I×f(0,1) mod M)を、左上の角の指数を(nI+1,1)とする、VBI内のn×nの正方形領域にコピーする。全ての値Iをコピーした後、f(1,0)とMが互いに素であることから、配列VB2は値VB_m[i,j]で埋まる。次に、配列VB2中の値を垂直方向にYだけ巡回シフトさせる。
32 フレームメモリ
34,50,56,70, DCT計算器
36 量子化器
38 可変長符号化器
40,58 逆量子化器
42,54 逆DCT計算器
44,52,60,64 加算器
62 電子透かし修正部
80 ハフマン復号器・パーシャルパーサ
82,94 電子透かしアキュムレータ(蓄積器)
84,96 比較器
90,102,106,110,114 8×8アキュムレータ
92,112 DCT変換器
104 逆DCT変換器
108 レジストレーション処理
116 電子透かし抽出器
118 電子透かし復号器
Claims (5)
- 2次元のマルチメディアデータをブロック分割して得られる各ブロックにDCT変換を行って電子透かしを挿入する電子透かし挿入方法であって、
前記ブロックのデータを全て加算した際に透かし同期用のレジストレーションパターンが現れるように、前記ブロックの各データの値を変更することを特徴とする、電子透かし挿入方法。 - 前記レジストレーションパターンをDCT変換して、レジストレーションパターンの変換係数を取得し、
さらに、同じ変換係数インデックスを有する変換係数間で、前記各ブロックの変換係数を全て加算した際に得られる値が、前記レジストレーションパターンの変換係数と強い相関を有するように、前記ブロックの変換係数の各値を変更することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電子透かし挿入方法。 - 電子透かし挿入画像が予め規定された歪みを受けた後であっても電子透かし信号が抽出できるように、抽出可能な電子透かし信号を画像に挿入する電子透かし挿入方法であって、
電子透かし挿入対象画像をコピーするステップと、
前記電子透かし挿入対象画像のコピーに、予め規定された歪みを加え、歪み画像を生成するステップと、
前記歪み画像内に電子透かし信号を挿入して、第1の電子透かし挿入画像を生成するステップと、
前記第1の電子透かし挿入画像から、前記歪み画像を差し引いて、第1の電子透かしパターンを生成するステップと、
前記第1の電子透かしパターンに対して、前記予め規定された歪みを戻す操作を施し、第2の電子透かしパターンを生成するステップと、
前記電子透かし挿入対象画像と前記第2の前記電子透かしパターンとを結合して、第2の電子透かし挿入画像を得るステップと、
を含む、電子透かし挿入方法。 - 前記予め規定された歪みがパンスキャンモード画像への変換である請求項3に記載の電子透かし挿入方法。
- 前記予め規定された歪みがレターボックスモード画像への変換である請求項3に記載の電子透かし挿入方法。
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US9053298P | 1998-06-24 | 1998-06-24 | |
US60/090532 | 1998-06-24 | ||
US09/118,467 US6154571A (en) | 1998-06-24 | 1998-07-17 | Robust digital watermarking |
US09/118467 | 1998-07-17 |
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JP17104999A Expired - Fee Related JP3687725B2 (ja) | 1998-06-24 | 1999-06-17 | ロバストなデジタル電子透かし入れ信号の挿入方法 |
JP2004162106A Expired - Fee Related JP3978613B2 (ja) | 1998-06-24 | 2004-05-31 | ロバストなデジタル電子透かし入れ信号の挿入方法および電子透かし検出方法 |
JP2007026098A Expired - Fee Related JP4506991B2 (ja) | 1998-06-24 | 2007-02-05 | ロバストなデジタル電子透かし入れ信号の挿入方法および電子透かし検出方法 |
JP2010057425A Expired - Fee Related JP4947172B2 (ja) | 1998-06-24 | 2010-03-15 | ロバストなデジタル電子透かし入れ信号の挿入方法および電子透かし検出方法 |
JP2012006049A Expired - Fee Related JP5321698B2 (ja) | 1998-06-24 | 2012-01-16 | ロバストなデジタル電子透かし入れ信号の挿入方法および電子透かし検出方法 |
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JP2004162106A Expired - Fee Related JP3978613B2 (ja) | 1998-06-24 | 2004-05-31 | ロバストなデジタル電子透かし入れ信号の挿入方法および電子透かし検出方法 |
JP2007026098A Expired - Fee Related JP4506991B2 (ja) | 1998-06-24 | 2007-02-05 | ロバストなデジタル電子透かし入れ信号の挿入方法および電子透かし検出方法 |
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EP2306727A2 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
EP2306727A3 (en) | 2012-09-05 |
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US6738493B1 (en) | 2004-05-18 |
JP2004304834A (ja) | 2004-10-28 |
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