EP0718424A2 - Draw texturing apparatus for synthetic yarns - Google Patents

Draw texturing apparatus for synthetic yarns Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0718424A2
EP0718424A2 EP95117782A EP95117782A EP0718424A2 EP 0718424 A2 EP0718424 A2 EP 0718424A2 EP 95117782 A EP95117782 A EP 95117782A EP 95117782 A EP95117782 A EP 95117782A EP 0718424 A2 EP0718424 A2 EP 0718424A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
unit
winding
reference plane
texturing
angle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95117782A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0718424B1 (en
EP0718424A3 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Halbheer
Werner Flachmueller
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Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG
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Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG
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Publication of EP0718424A2 publication Critical patent/EP0718424A2/en
Publication of EP0718424A3 publication Critical patent/EP0718424A3/en
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02GCRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/12Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using stuffer boxes
    • D02G1/127Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using stuffer boxes including drawing or stretching on the same machine
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D13/00Complete machines for producing artificial threads
    • D01D13/02Elements of machines in combination
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02GCRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/02Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
    • D02G1/0206Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist by false-twisting
    • D02G1/0266Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist by false-twisting false-twisting machines
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02GCRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/16Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam
    • D02G1/168Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam including drawing or stretching on the same machine

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement of stretch texturing machines for synthetic threads, which comprise a stretching unit, a texturing unit, a relaxation unit and a winding unit, the units mentioned together resulting in a machine unit.
  • stretch texturing machines for synthetic threads which comprise a stretching unit, a texturing unit, a relaxation unit and a winding unit, the units mentioned together resulting in a machine unit.
  • Such units are known to be provided in a parallel arrangement, the stretching unit, the texturing unit and the relaxation unit being located above the winding unit:
  • a stretching unit, a texturing unit and a relaxing unit are arranged at least partially in a staggered manner in parallel next to one another and above a winding unit, the center lines of the stretching unit, the texturing unit and the relaxing unit each enclosing an angle with a reference plane, which is greater than 0 and less than 90 °, while on the other hand the winding unit forms an angle of essentially 90 ° with the reference plane, and the winding units are arranged in a row, essentially parallel to one another.
  • a stretching unit, a texturing unit, a relaxation unit and a winding unit together form a machine unit, which when a number of such units are used are each arranged in a row next to one another as a whole.
  • a further advantageous embodiment consists in that a central, elevated location is provided for the operator, from which all individual units of a machine unit can be operated when threading the thread into the individual units.
  • the advantages of the invention are that convenient operation when "threading" the thread is possible by means of the units mentioned, in the course of the thread, and that the entire thread path can be threaded from a single location, which means that the threading time is shorter and due to the better usability, fewer threading manipulations, and thus less waste.
  • Fig. 1 shows one of some upstream, not shown unit, for example from a spinning chimney originating thread 1, which is guided on its thread run primarily through an oiling 2, before a suction 3 and through a separating knife 4 before the thread with a predetermined number of turns over a pair of godets 5 and after this with a predetermined number of turns over a pair of godets 6.
  • the thread 1 is passed through a texturing unit 9, which can in principle be any known texturing unit, but in particular here is a so-called "Rolltex” texturing unit, which is described in the published European publication no. 0310890 A1 is shown and described.
  • the texturing plug known per se arrives at a cooling drum 12, on which the filament which is heated in the texturing unit 9 and is compressed to the aforementioned texturing plug is cooled.
  • the texturing plug is released again by passing the thread over the deflections 10 and 11, which function as a brake, so that the plug stretches again into a thread in the area between the deflections 11 and 10 and in front of the following pair of godets 7 in which, however, the texturing remains, even if here in a stretched form.
  • the pair of godets 7 forms a relaxation unit, by means of which the textured thread is heated again in a manner known per se in order to obtain a texturing intensity of a predetermined type.
  • a swirling nozzle 8 which also belongs to the thread run, which preferably swirls the textured thread in a manner known per se after half of all the turns passed over the pair of godets 7, and this is, for example, a swirling nozzle which is available on the market with the name TEMCO.
  • the textured and intermingled thread is introduced into a winding device at the end of the thread run in order to be wound onto a spool 14 to form a spool 15.
  • the invention is not restricted to the use of the winding device shown, for example any winding device can also be used.
  • a stand 16 (shown in FIG. 2 with dash-dotted lines) is provided, which allows the operator to thread the staggered arrangement of the rollers shown in the plan in FIG. 2 in the aforementioned threading process perform.
  • the machine units I formed from the stretch-texturing-relaxation units and the winding device 13 are each arranged side by side in a row, so that, as shown with the distance A in FIG. 2, the winding units are at the same distance from the imaginary reference plane E.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)

Abstract

An arrangement of drawing and texturising machines for synthetic yarns incorporates a drawing unit (5,6) and a relaxing unit (7) which are at least partially staggered and positioned in parallel to each other and above a winding unit (13). The middle lines (17) of the drawing unit (5,6) and the relaxing unit (7) each defined an angle with a reference plane (E) which is 0-90 deg., preferably 60-80 deg.. The winding unit defines a 90 deg. angle with the reference plane (E) and the winding units are positioned in a row in parallel to each other and at a preset distance (A) from the reference plane (E).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung von Streck-Texturiermaschinen für Synthetikfäden, welche eine Streckeinheit, eine Texturiereinheit, eine Relaxiereinheit und eine Aufspuleinheit umfassen, wobei die genannten Einheiten zusammen eine Maschineneinheit ergeben. Solche Einheiten sind bekannterweise alle in einer Parallelanordnung vorgesehen, wobei die Streckeinheit, die Texturiereinheit und die Relaxiereinheit sich oberhalb der Spuleinheit befinden:The invention relates to an arrangement of stretch texturing machines for synthetic threads, which comprise a stretching unit, a texturing unit, a relaxation unit and a winding unit, the units mentioned together resulting in a machine unit. Such units are known to be provided in a parallel arrangement, the stretching unit, the texturing unit and the relaxation unit being located above the winding unit:

Mit der wachsenden Fadenlaufgeschwindigkeit von bis zu 6000 m/min in der Spuleinheit und dem Bedürfnis, eine Mehrzahl von Fäden gleichzeitig zu verarbeiten und aufzuspulen, sind die Dimensionen der in den Streck-, Texturier- und Relaxiereinheiten verwendeten Galetten oder Rollen im Durchmesser wie auch in der Länge derart gewachsen, dass das Einfädeln auf all diese Einheiten für die Bedienungsperson nicht unproblematisch ist und aufgrund der hohen Fadenlaufgeschwindigkeiten und hohen Temperaturen der Galetten nicht ungefährlich ist, zumal solche Einfädelverfahren manuell, d.h. mittels handgeführten, die Fäden einsaugenden Absaugdüsen durchgeführt werden müssen.With the increasing thread running speed of up to 6000 m / min in the winding unit and the need to process and wind up a plurality of threads at the same time, the dimensions of the godets or rolls used in the stretching, texturing and relaxing units are in diameter as well the length grew such that the threading on all these units is not unproblematic for the operator and is not harmless due to the high thread running speeds and high temperatures of the godets, especially since such threading methods are manual, ie must be carried out by means of hand-guided suction nozzles sucking in the threads.

Schlechte Bedienbarkeit hat ausserdem Fehlmanipulationen beim Einfädeln und damit vermehrter Abfall des an sich teuren Produktes und eine gewisse Gefahr für das Bedienungspersonal zur Folge.Poor usability also results in incorrect manipulation when threading and thus increased waste of the product, which is expensive per se, and a certain risk for the operating personnel.

Es stellte sich deshalb die Aufgabe, eine Anordnung der einzelnen Einheiten zu finden, welche die Bedienung erleichtert.It was therefore the task of finding an arrangement of the individual units which made operation easier.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe wurde dadurch erreicht, dass je eine Streckeinheit, eine Texturiereinheit und eine Relaxiereinheit mindestens teilweise gestaffelt Parallel nebeneinander und oberhalb einer Aufspuleinheit angeordnet sind, wobei einerseits die Mittellinien der Streckeinheit, der Texturiereinheit und der Relaxiereinheit je einen Winkel mit einer Bezugsebene einschliessen, welcher grösser als 0 und kleiner als 90° ist, während andererseits die Aufspuleinheit einen Winkel von im wesentlichen 90° mit der Bezugsebene einschliesst, und die Aufspuleinheiten in einer Reihe, im wesentlichen parallel zueinander angeordnet sind.This object was achieved in that a stretching unit, a texturing unit and a relaxing unit are arranged at least partially in a staggered manner in parallel next to one another and above a winding unit, the center lines of the stretching unit, the texturing unit and the relaxing unit each enclosing an angle with a reference plane, which is greater than 0 and less than 90 °, while on the other hand the winding unit forms an angle of essentially 90 ° with the reference plane, and the winding units are arranged in a row, essentially parallel to one another.

Vorteilhafterweise bilden eine Streckeinheit, eine Texturiereinheit, eine Relaxiereinheit und eine Aufspuleinheit zusammen eine Maschineneinheit, welche bei einer Verwendung von mehreren solchen Einheiten je als Ganzes in einer Reihe nebeneinander angeordneter sind. Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform besteht darin, dass ein zentraler, erhöhter Standort für die Bedienungsperson vorgesehen ist, von welchem aus alle Einzeleinheiten einer Maschineneinheit beim Einfädeln des Fadens in die Einzeleinheiten bedienbar sind.Advantageously, a stretching unit, a texturing unit, a relaxation unit and a winding unit together form a machine unit, which when a number of such units are used are each arranged in a row next to one another as a whole. A further advantageous embodiment consists in that a central, elevated location is provided for the operator, from which all individual units of a machine unit can be operated when threading the thread into the individual units.

Die Vorteile der Erfindung bestehen darin, dass komfortable Bedienung beim "Einfädeln" des Fadens durch die genannten Einheiten, im Lauf des Fadens, möglich ist, sowie dass der ganze Fadenlauf von einem einzigen Standort aus eingefädelt werden kann, wodurch eine kürzere Einzugszeit für das Einfädeln und aufgrund der besseren Bedienbarkeit weniger Fehleinfädel-Manipulationen, und damit insgesamt weniger Abfall anfällt.The advantages of the invention are that convenient operation when "threading" the thread is possible by means of the units mentioned, in the course of the thread, and that the entire thread path can be threaded from a single location, which means that the threading time is shorter and due to the better usability, fewer threading manipulations, and thus less waste.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von lediglich einen Ausführungsweg darstellenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of drawings which illustrate only one embodiment.

Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine Frontalansicht einer erfindungsgemässen Anordnung von Streck-Texturiermaschinen, halbschematisch dargestellt,
Fig. 2
eine Draufsicht der Fig. 1.
It shows:
Fig. 1
2 shows a front view of an arrangement of stretch texturing machines according to the invention, shown semi-schematically,
Fig. 2
2 shows a top view of FIG. 1.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt einen von irgendeiner vorgeordneten, nicht dargestellten Einheit, beispielsweise von einem Spinnschacht her stammenden Faden 1, welcher auf seinem Fadenlauf primär durch eine Beölung 2, vor einer Absaugung 3 und durch ein Trennmesser 4 geführt wird, bevor der Faden mit einer vorgegebenen Anzahl von Windungen über ein Galettenpaar 5 und nach diesem mit einer vorgegebenen Anzahl Windungen über ein Galettenpaar 6 geführt wird.Fig. 1 shows one of some upstream, not shown unit, for example from a spinning chimney originating thread 1, which is guided on its thread run primarily through an oiling 2, before a suction 3 and through a separating knife 4 before the thread with a predetermined number of turns over a pair of godets 5 and after this with a predetermined number of turns over a pair of godets 6.

Das Galettenpaar 5 und 6 bilden zusammen eine Streckeinheit. Nach dem Galettenpaar 6 wird der Faden 1 durch eine Texturiereinheit 9 geführt, bei welcher es sich grundsätzlich um irgendeine bekannte Texturiereinheit handeln kann, hier jedoch im besonderen handelt es sich um eine sogenannten "Rolltex"-Texturiereinheit, welche in der veröffentlichten europäischen Schrift Nr. 0310890 A1 gezeigt und beschrieben ist.The pair of godets 5 and 6 together form a stretching unit. After the pair of godets 6, the thread 1 is passed through a texturing unit 9, which can in principle be any known texturing unit, but in particular here is a so-called "Rolltex" texturing unit, which is described in the published European publication no. 0310890 A1 is shown and described.

Nach der Texturiereinheit 9 gelangt der an sich bekannte Texturierpfropfen auf eine Kühltrommel 12, auf welcher das in der Texturiereinheit 9 erwärmte zum vorgenannten Texturierpfropfen komprimierte Filament gekühlt wird.After the texturing unit 9, the texturing plug known per se arrives at a cooling drum 12, on which the filament which is heated in the texturing unit 9 and is compressed to the aforementioned texturing plug is cooled.

Nach der Kühltrommel 12 wird der Texturierpfropfen wieder aufgelöst, indem der Faden über die Umlenkungen 10 und 11 geführt wird, welche als Bremse funktionieren, so dass der Pfropfen im Bereich zwischen den Umlenkungen 11 und 10 sowie vor dem nachfolgenden Galettenpaar 7 wieder zu einem Faden gestreckt wird, in welchem allerdings die Texturierung, wenn auch hier in gestreckter Form, geblieben ist.After the cooling drum 12, the texturing plug is released again by passing the thread over the deflections 10 and 11, which function as a brake, so that the plug stretches again into a thread in the area between the deflections 11 and 10 and in front of the following pair of godets 7 in which, however, the texturing remains, even if here in a stretched form.

Das Galettenpaar 7 bildet eine Relaxiereinheit, mittels welcher in an sich bekannter Weise der texturierte Faden nochmals erwärmt wird, um eine Texturierintensität von vorgegebener Art zu erhalten.The pair of godets 7 forms a relaxation unit, by means of which the textured thread is heated again in a manner known per se in order to obtain a texturing intensity of a predetermined type.

Zwischen den Galetten des Galettenpaares 7 ist eine ebenfalls zum Fadenlauf gehörende Verwirbelungsdüse 8 vorgesehen, welche vorzugsweise nach der Hälfte aller über das Galettenpaar 7 geführten Windungen den texturierten Faden in an sich bekannter Weise verwirbelt, und zwar handelt es sich hier beispielsweise um eine Verwirbelungsdüse, welche mit dem Namen TEMCO im Markt erhältlich ist.Between the godets of the godet pair 7 there is provided a swirling nozzle 8, which also belongs to the thread run, which preferably swirls the textured thread in a manner known per se after half of all the turns passed over the pair of godets 7, and this is, for example, a swirling nozzle which is available on the market with the name TEMCO.

Nach der Relaxiereinheit 7 wird der texturierte und verwirbelte Faden am Ende des Fadenlaufes in eine Aufwindvorrichtung eingeführt, um auf einem Spulendorn 14 zu einer Spule 15 aufgewunden zu werden. Dabei ist die Erfindung nicht auf die Verwendung der gezeigten Aufwindevorrichtung eingeschränkt, beispielsweise kann auch irgendeine Aufwindvorrichtung verwendet werden.After the relaxation unit 7, the textured and intermingled thread is introduced into a winding device at the end of the thread run in order to be wound onto a spool 14 to form a spool 15. The invention is not restricted to the use of the winding device shown, for example any winding device can also be used.

Je nach Höhe der angeordneten Galettenpaare 5, 6 oder 7 ist ein Standplatz 16 (in Fig. 2 mit strichpunktierten Linien dargestellt) vorgesehen, welcher der Bedienungsperson erlaubt, im vorgenannten Einfädelprozess das Einfädeln in die in Fig. 2 im Grundriss gezeigte gestaffelte Anordnung der Rollen durchzuführen.Depending on the height of the arranged pairs of godets 5, 6 or 7, a stand 16 (shown in FIG. 2 with dash-dotted lines) is provided, which allows the operator to thread the staggered arrangement of the rollers shown in the plan in FIG. 2 in the aforementioned threading process perform.

Aus Fig. 2 ist ersichtlich, dass die Mittellinien 17 der Galettenpaare 5, 6 und 7 (der Einfachheit halber ist jeweils nur die obere Galette dargestellt) einen Winkel α von grösser als 0 und kleiner als 90°, vorzugsweise zwischen 60° und 80°, zur Bezugsebene E aufweisen, während die Mittellinie 18 des Spulendornes 14 bzw. der Spule 15 einen Winkel δ mit der Bezugsebene E einschliesst, welcher im wesentlichen 90° ist.From Fig. 2 it can be seen that the center lines 17 of the godet pairs 5, 6 and 7 (for the sake of simplicity only the upper godet is shown) an angle α of greater than 0 and less than 90 °, preferably between 60 ° and 80 ° , to the reference plane E, while the center line 18 of the coil mandrel 14 or the coil 15 encloses an angle δ with the reference plane E, which is essentially 90 °.

Dabei sind die aus den Streck-Texturier-Relaxiereinheiten und der Aufwindvorrichtung 13 gebildeten Maschineneinheiten I je für sich nebeneinander in Reihe angeordnet, so dass wie mit dem Abstand A in Fig. 2 dargestellt, die Spuleinheiten denselben Abstand von der imaginären Bezugsebene E aufweisen.The machine units I formed from the stretch-texturing-relaxation units and the winding device 13 are each arranged side by side in a row, so that, as shown with the distance A in FIG. 2, the winding units are at the same distance from the imaginary reference plane E.

Claims (3)

Anordnung von Streck-Texturiermaschinen für Synthetikfäden, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass je eine Streckeinheit (5 und 6), und eine Relaxiereinheit (7) wenigstens teilweise gestaffelt parallel nebeneinander und oberhalb einer Aufspuleinheit (13) angeordnet sind, wobei die Mittellinien (17) der Streckeinheit (5 und 6) und der Relaxiereinheit (7) je einen Winkel (α) mit einer Bezugsebene (E) einen Winkel (α) einschliessen, welcher grösser als 0 und kleiner als 90° ist, vorzugsweise zwischen 60° und 80°, während die Mittellinie (18) der Aufspuleinheit einen Winkel (δ) von im wesentlichen 90° mit der Bezugsebene (E) einschliesst und die Spuleinheiten in einer Reihe im wesentlichen parallel zueinander und mit einem vorgegebenen Abstand (A) zur Bezugsebene (E) angeordnet sind.
Arrangement of stretch texturing machines for synthetic threads, characterized in that
that a stretching unit (5 and 6) and a relaxation unit (7) are arranged at least partially in a staggered manner parallel to one another and above a winding unit (13), the center lines (17) of the stretching unit (5 and 6) and the relaxation unit (7) each include an angle (α) with a reference plane (E) an angle (α) which is greater than 0 and less than 90 °, preferably between 60 ° and 80 °, while the center line (18) of the winding unit forms an angle (δ ) of essentially 90 ° with the reference plane (E) and the winding units are arranged in a row essentially parallel to one another and at a predetermined distance (A) from the reference plane (E).
Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Streckeinheit, eine Texturiereinheit, eine Relaxiereinheit und eine Aufspuleinheit zusammen eine Maschineneinheit (I) bilden und solche Maschineneinheiten (I) als Ganzes in einer Reihe nebeneinander angeordnet sind.Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that a stretching unit, a texturing unit, a relaxation unit and a winding unit together form a machine unit (I) and such machine units (I) as a whole are arranged side by side in a row. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein zentraler erhöhter Standort (16) für die Bedienungsperson vorgesehen ist, von welchem aus der ganze Fadenlauf einer Maschineneinheit (I) beim Einfädeln des Fadens (1) bedienbar ist.Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that a central elevated location (16) is provided for the operator, from which the entire thread path of a machine unit (I) can be operated when threading the thread (1).
EP95117782A 1994-11-25 1995-11-11 Draw texturing apparatus for synthetic yarns Expired - Lifetime EP0718424B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH356294 1994-11-25
CH3562/94 1994-11-25

Publications (3)

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EP0718424A2 true EP0718424A2 (en) 1996-06-26
EP0718424A3 EP0718424A3 (en) 1996-07-03
EP0718424B1 EP0718424B1 (en) 1998-04-01

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EP95117782A Expired - Lifetime EP0718424B1 (en) 1994-11-25 1995-11-11 Draw texturing apparatus for synthetic yarns

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US (1) US5755086A (en)
EP (1) EP0718424B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH08226038A (en)
CN (1) CN1050868C (en)
CA (1) CA2163730A1 (en)
DE (1) DE59501776D1 (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100400728C (en) * 2001-09-11 2008-07-09 诺马格有限及两合公司 Spinning-drawing-coiling deformation devices
WO2007128498A1 (en) 2006-05-08 2007-11-15 Oerlikon Textile Gmbh & Co. Kg Device for melt spinning, treating and winding synthetic threads
US7845923B2 (en) 2006-05-08 2010-12-07 Oerlikon Textile Gmbh & Co. Kg Spinning, drawing and texturing machine

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CA2163730A1 (en) 1996-05-26
CN1132804A (en) 1996-10-09
EP0718424B1 (en) 1998-04-01
CN1050868C (en) 2000-03-29
EP0718424A3 (en) 1996-07-03
JPH08226038A (en) 1996-09-03
US5755086A (en) 1998-05-26
DE59501776D1 (en) 1998-05-07

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