CN114061916B - Optical device frequency response measuring method and device - Google Patents
Optical device frequency response measuring method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114061916B CN114061916B CN202111428712.XA CN202111428712A CN114061916B CN 114061916 B CN114061916 B CN 114061916B CN 202111428712 A CN202111428712 A CN 202111428712A CN 114061916 B CN114061916 B CN 114061916B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring the frequency response of an optical device, which divides a linear frequency modulation continuous optical signal into two paths, wherein one path introduces a fixed frequency shift delta omega, and the other path carries out time delay matching to ensure that the instantaneous frequency difference of the two paths of optical signals is constant all the time; two linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals are coupled and divided into two paths, one path of the linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals passes through an optical device to be measured and then is subjected to photoelectric conversion into an electric signal of a measuring path, and the other path of the linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals is directly subjected to photoelectric conversion into an electric signal of a reference path; and extracting amplitude and phase information of the delta omega component in the electrical signal of the measuring path by taking the delta omega component in the electrical signal of the reference path as a reference so as to obtain amplitude response and group delay response of the optical device to be measured at a sampling point. The invention also discloses a device for measuring the frequency response of the optical device. Compared with the prior art, the method can greatly improve the measurement speed and reduce the performance requirement on hardware.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring frequency response of an optical device, belonging to the technical field of optical device measurement.
Background
The spectral response of the optical device is a key parameter for revealing the characteristics of the microwave photonic device material and system, and is also an important basis for guiding the microwave photonic device to realize functions in various applications. In recent years, with the rapid development of laser technology, photonic systems are widely applied, and higher requirements are put forward on the tests of high-speed optical/electrical and electrical/optical converters, optical fiber amplifiers, lasers, detectors and the like in a new generation of high-speed optical fiber communication system, backbone transmission, aircraft carrier-based optical transmission control system, light-operated phase array radar system and photoelectric weapon equipment system. However, the development of optical measurement technology is still in the future, which not only makes the development and fabrication of high-precision optical devices difficult, but also makes the existing optical devices unable to exert the maximum utility in the system.
In order to realize high-precision optical device measurement, a single-sideband modulation-based optical vector analysis method is proposed in 1998 j.e.roman. The method moves the sweep frequency operation of the traditional optical vector analyzer in the optical domain to the electrical domain, benefits from the mature electrical spectrum analysis technology, and achieves qualitative leap in the test precision. The optical device measurement with the measurement resolution of 78KHz is realized in the frequency band range of 38GHz, and compared with the measurement result of a commercial optical vector analyzer, the response measured by the method reflects the response of the optical device to be measured more clearly. On this basis, some researchers have proposed a series of improved optical device measurement methods based on single sideband modulation, such as the methods mentioned in "Spectral ch alignment of fiber gratings with high resolution" (j.e.roman, m.y.frame, and r.d.eman, "Spectral characterization of fiber gratings with high resolution," operation.let ", vol.23, No.12, pp.939-941,1998"), and also in "acquisition image vector of networked processor based on single sideband modulation" (M.X ue, s.l.pan, y.j.z. calibration of optical fiber based on single-side-band modulation, "M.X ue, s.l.pan, and No. 3595-3598, single sideband modulation," 12, 2014-95 spectrum modulation, "optical spectrum analysis of optical fiber based on single-side-band", etc.
However, the optical device measurement method based on single sideband modulation also has serious disadvantages. Firstly, the system is very complicated by generating optical single sideband, the current generation method of single sideband modulation is roughly divided into a filtering method and a 90-degree phase shift method, the former needs to use a filter, the complexity and the instability of the system are increased, and the extinction ratio is limited; the latter needs to perform 90 ° phase shift on the microwave signal loaded to the dual-drive photoelectric modulator, needs to use a broadband 90 ° electrical bridge and the dual-drive photoelectric modulator, and is complex in system and inconvenient to adjust. Secondly, the single-sideband frequency sweeping method is point-by-point measurement, and the measurement speed is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provide a method for measuring the frequency response of an optical device, which can greatly improve the measurement speed and reduce the performance requirements on hardware.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:
a method for measuring frequency response of optical device features that the instantaneous frequency is omega 1 (t) dividing the chirped continuous optical signal into two paths,one path of the frequency shift is introduced, and the instantaneous frequency of the path of the frequency shift is changed into omega after the fixed frequency shift with the frequency shift quantity delta omega 2 (t), the other path is subjected to delay matching to ensure that the instantaneous frequency difference of the two paths of optical signals is delta omega all the time; the two linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals are coupled and divided into two paths, and after one path of the linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals passes through the optical device to be measured, the instantaneous frequency of the one path of the linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals is changed into omega under the group delay action of the optical device to be measured 1d (t) and ω 2d (t), then the photoelectric conversion is carried out on the signal to a measuring circuit, and the other circuit is directly subjected to photoelectric conversion to a reference circuit; sampling the electric signals of the measuring path and the reference path, and extracting amplitude and phase information of a delta omega component in the electric signals of the measuring path by taking a delta omega component in the electric signals of the reference path as a reference so as to obtain amplitude response and group delay response of the optical device to be measured at a sampling point; determining the frequency of the sampling point by comparing the amplitude response with the amplitude response of the optical device under test measured by other means
Finally obtaining the frequency of the device to be measured
Amplitude response and group delay response.
Preferably, the other means is a spectrometer measurement.
Preferably, short-time fourier transform algorithms are used to extract the amplitude and phase information of the Δ ω component in the measurement path electrical signal.
Preferably, the low-speed electrical signal sampling device is used for sampling the measurement-path electrical signal and the reference-path electrical signal.
Preferably, the photoelectric conversion is performed using a low-speed photodetector.
Based on the same inventive concept, the following technical scheme can be obtained:
an optical device frequency response measuring apparatus comprising:
a frequency shift and delay matching module for setting the instantaneous frequency to omega 1 (t) dividing the chirped continuous optical signal into two paths, one path introducing a fixed frequency shift with a frequency shift delta omega and then instantaneous frequency thereofThe rate becomes omega 2 (t), the other path is subjected to delay matching to ensure that the instantaneous frequency difference of the two paths of optical signals is delta omega all the time;
a coupling and photoelectric conversion module for coupling the two linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals and dividing the two linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals into two paths, wherein after one path passes through the optical device to be measured, the instantaneous frequency of the other path is changed into omega under the group delay action of the optical device to be measured 1d (t) and ω 2d (t), then the photoelectric conversion is carried out on the signal to a measuring circuit, and the other circuit is directly subjected to photoelectric conversion to a reference circuit;
the signal acquisition and digital processing module is used for sampling the electric signals of the measuring path and the reference path, and extracting the amplitude and phase information of the delta omega component in the electric signals of the measuring path by taking the delta omega component in the electric signals of the reference path as reference, thereby obtaining the amplitude response and the group delay response of the optical device to be measured at the sampling point; determining the frequency of the sample point by comparing the amplitude response with the amplitude response of the optical device under test measured in other ways
Finally obtaining the frequency of the device to be measured
Amplitude response and group delay response.
Preferably, the other means is a spectrometer measurement.
Preferably, the signal acquisition and digital processing module uses a short-time fourier transform algorithm to extract amplitude and phase information of the Δ ω component in the electrical signal of the measurement path.
Preferably, the signal acquisition and digital processing module uses a low-speed electrical signal sampling device to sample the measurement path electrical signal and the reference path electrical signal.
Preferably, the coupling and photoelectric conversion module performs the photoelectric conversion using a low-speed photodetector.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the linear frequency modulation continuous optical signal is used as a detection signal, so that the measurement time can be reduced, and the measurement speed can be increased; the invention only needs to use the low-speed photoelectric detector and the electric signal acquisition device, thereby effectively reducing the performance requirements of the photoelectric detector and the electric signal acquisition device.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an optical device frequency response measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the solution idea of the invention is based on a phase shift method, and two linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals with fixed frequency difference are utilized to measure the amplitude spectrum response and the time delay spectrum response of a device to be measured, so that on one hand, the measurement speed can be greatly improved, on the other hand, the photocurrent frequency generated by photoelectric detection is very small and constant, and only a low-speed photoelectric detector and a signal acquisition unit are needed, so that the performance requirement on the device can be greatly reduced.
The invention provides a method for measuring the frequency response of an optical device, which comprises the following steps:
let the instantaneous frequency be omega 1 (t) dividing the chirped continuous optical signal into two paths, one path introducing a fixed frequency shift with a frequency shift delta omega, and then converting the instantaneous frequency into omega 2 (t), the other path is subjected to delay matching to ensure that the instantaneous frequency difference of the two paths of optical signals is delta omega all the time; the two linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals are coupled and divided into two paths, and after one path of the linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals passes through the optical device to be measured, the instantaneous frequency of the one path of the linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals is changed into omega under the group delay action of the optical device to be measured 1d (t) and ω 2d (t), then the photoelectric conversion is carried out on the signal to a measuring circuit, and the other circuit is directly subjected to photoelectric conversion to a reference circuit; sampling the electric signals of the measuring path and the reference path, and extracting amplitude and phase information of a delta omega component in the electric signals of the measuring path by taking a delta omega component in the electric signals of the reference path as a reference so as to obtain amplitude response and group delay response of the optical device to be measured at a sampling point; determining the frequency of the sampling point by comparing the amplitude response with the amplitude response of the optical device under test measured by other means
Finally obtaining the frequency of the device to be measured
Amplitude response and group delay response.
The invention provides a frequency response measuring device of an optical device, which comprises:
a frequency shift and delay matching module for setting the instantaneous frequency to omega 1 (t) dividing the chirped continuous optical signal into two paths, one path introducing a fixed frequency shift with a frequency shift delta omega, and then converting the instantaneous frequency into omega 2 (t), the other path is subjected to delay matching to ensure that the instantaneous frequency difference of the two paths of optical signals is delta omega all the time;
a coupling and photoelectric conversion module for coupling the two linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals and dividing the two linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals into two paths, wherein after one path passes through the optical device to be measured, the instantaneous frequency of the other path is changed into omega under the group delay action of the optical device to be measured 1d (t) and ω 2d (t), then the photoelectric conversion is carried out on the signal to a measuring circuit, and the other circuit is directly subjected to photoelectric conversion to a reference circuit;
the signal acquisition and digital processing module is used for sampling the electric signals of the measuring path and the reference path, and extracting the amplitude and phase information of the delta omega component in the electric signals of the measuring path by taking the delta omega component in the electric signals of the reference path as a reference, thereby obtaining the amplitude response and the group delay response of the optical device to be measured at a sampling point; determining the frequency of the sampling point by comparing the amplitude response with the amplitude response of the optical device under test measured by other means
Finally obtaining the frequency of the device to be measured
Amplitude response and group delay response.
For the public to understand, the technical solution and the principle of the present invention are explained in detail by a specific embodiment and the accompanying drawings:
as shown in FIG. 1, this exampleThe optical device frequency response measuring apparatus in the embodiment includes: the device comprises a linear frequency modulation continuous optical signal generator, an optical beam splitter, an optical frequency shifter, an adjustable optical delay line, a microwave source, an optical coupler, a photoelectric detector 1, a photoelectric detector 2, a low-speed acquisition unit and a digital processing unit. The optical beam splitter makes the instantaneous frequency generated by the linear frequency modulation continuous optical signal generator be omega 1 (t) dividing the linear frequency modulation continuous optical signal into an upper path and a lower path; a fixed frequency delta omega is introduced by an optical frequency shifter on the upper path, and the instantaneous frequency of the linear frequency modulation continuous optical signal after frequency shift is omega 2 (t); the lower linear frequency modulation continuous optical signal is subjected to upper and lower path delay matching through an adjustable optical delay line to ensure that the instantaneous difference frequency of the two linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals is delta omega; the two linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals are coupled to form a detection signal and divided into two paths, and in the measuring path, after the detection signal is transmitted by the optical device to be measured, the instantaneous frequency of the detection signal is changed into omega under the group delay action of the optical device to be measured 1d (t) and ω 2d (t), then, the photoelectric detector 1 is subjected to photoelectric conversion, the generated electric signal is received by a low-speed acquisition unit (in the embodiment, a four-channel oscilloscope is adopted), in a reference path, the detection signal directly enters the photoelectric detector 2 for photoelectric conversion, and the generated electric signal is received by the low-speed acquisition unit; the digital processing unit takes the delta omega component information in the reference path electric signal as reference, and extracts the amplitude and phase information of the current at the frequency component in the measurement path electric signal by utilizing a short-time Fourier transform algorithm to obtain the amplitude response and the group delay response of the optical device to be measured at the sampling point; finally, the amplitude response of the optical device to be measured by the invention is compared with the amplitude response measured by other modes (such as spectrometer measurement), and the frequency at the sampling point can be obtained
(namely the mean frequency of the instantaneous frequencies of the two linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals) so as to obtain the optical device to be tested
Amplitude response at frequency and group delay response.
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention more clearly understood, the following further detailed description of the measurement principle of the present invention:
the instantaneous frequency of the chirped continuous optical signal generated by the chirped continuous optical signal generator may be expressed as:
ω 1 (t)＝ω 0 +2πkt 0≤t≤T (1)
wherein, ω is 0 K and T are the initial frequency, chirp rate and width, respectively, of the chirped continuous optical signal.
The optical splitter divides the chirp continuous optical signal into an upper path and a lower path, the upper path introduces a fixed frequency delta omega through an optical frequency shifter, and the instantaneous frequency of the chirp continuous optical signal after frequency shift can be expressed as:
ω 2 (t)＝ω 0 +Δω+2πkt 0≤t≤T (2)
the lower path is subjected to delay matching through an adjustable optical delay line to ensure that the instantaneous difference frequency of two paths of linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals is delta omega, and then the lower path is coupled with the upper path of frequency shift linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals to form detection signals which are divided into two paths, and in the measuring path, after the detection signals pass through the optical device to be measured, the instantaneous frequency of the detection signals can be expressed as the response of the group delay of the optical device to be measured due to the time delay:
wherein GD (ω) is the group delay response of the optical device under test.
The detection signal passing through the optical device under test can be expressed as:
E d (t)＝E 1 A[ω 1d (t)]exp[i·∫ω 1d (t)dt]+E 2 A[ω 2d (t)]exp[i·∫ω 2d (t)dt] (4)
wherein E is 1 、E 2 The complex amplitudes of the two continuous optical signals with linear frequency modulation are respectively, and A (omega) represents the amplitude response of the optical device to be measured.
In general, GD (ω) may be expressed as GD (ω) ═ τ d + gd (ω), where τ d Being constant, gd (ω) is a quantity that varies with frequency. Therefore, the difference of equation (3) can be expressed as:
two formulas in the formula (5) are multiplied by gd (omega) respectively 1d ) And gd (ω) 2d ) And integrated to obtain:
using equations (3) and (6), equation (4) can be simplified as:
the detection signal is sent to a photoelectric detector 1 for square rate detection, and the frequency of the generated photoelectric current signal is as follows:
generally, the absolute group delay gd (ω) of the optical device under test is ns-order, and 2 π k { gd [ ω ] when the chirp rate k of the chirped light is not very large 1d (t)]-gd[ω 2d (t)]Is very negligible, so equation (8) can be simplified as:
ω 2d (t)-ω 1d (t)＝Δω (9)
the generated photocurrent can be expressed as:
where η is the responsivity of the photodetector.
In the reference path, the detection signal directly enters the photodetector 2 for beat frequency, and the generated photocurrent can be expressed as:
the low-speed acquisition unit samples the electric signals of the measurement circuit and the reference circuit and sends the electric signals to the digital processing unit, and the digital processing unit takes the photocurrent of the reference circuit as a reference and utilizes a short-time Fourier transform algorithm to extract the amplitude and phase information of the photocurrent in the measurement circuit. Because the instantaneous frequency difference delta omega of the two linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals is far smaller than the bandwidth of the optical device to be measured, the two linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals can be regarded as the same under the action of the amplitude response of the optical device to be measured, the phase response is linearly changed, and the sampling point can be obtained
The amplitude response and the group delay response at frequency are respectively:
wherein ang () is a function for finding an angle, and for a complex number a ═ α × exp (j θ), ang (a) ═ θ is defined; i.e. i mea (*)、i sys And the photocurrents of the frequency components in the electric signals of the measuring paths are measured under the conditions that the measuring paths are connected with the optical device to be measured and are not connected with the optical device to be measured respectively.
By comparing the amplitude response of the optical device to be tested measured by the invention with the amplitude response measured by the spectrometer, the frequency at the sampling point can be obtained
To obtain the optical device to be tested
Amplitude response at frequencyShould be responsive to the group delay.
Claims (8)
1. A method for measuring frequency response of optical device is characterized by that the instantaneous frequency is omega 1 (t) dividing the chirped continuous optical signal into two paths, one path introducing a fixed frequency shift with a frequency shift delta omega, and then converting the instantaneous frequency into omega 2 (t), the other path is subjected to delay matching to ensure that the instantaneous frequency difference of the two paths of optical signals is delta omega all the time; the two linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals are coupled and divided into two paths, and after one path of the linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals passes through the optical device to be measured, the instantaneous frequency of the one path of the linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals is changed into omega under the group delay action of the optical device to be measured 1d (t) and ω 2d (t), then the photoelectric conversion is carried out on the signal to a measuring circuit, and the other circuit is directly subjected to photoelectric conversion to a reference circuit; sampling the electric signals of the measuring path and the reference path, and extracting amplitude and phase information of a delta omega component in the electric signals of the measuring path by taking the delta omega component in the electric signals of the reference path as reference, thereby obtaining amplitude response and group delay response of the optical device to be measured at a sampling point; determining the frequency of the sampling point by comparing the amplitude response with the amplitude response of the optical device under test measured by spectrometer measurement
Finally obtaining the frequency of the device to be measured
Amplitude response and group delay response.
2. The optical device frequency response measuring method of claim 1, wherein the amplitude and phase information of the Δ ω component in the electrical signal of the measuring path is extracted using a short-time fourier transform algorithm.
3. The optical device frequency response measuring method of claim 1, wherein the low-speed electrical signal sampling device is used to sample the measurement path electrical signal and the reference path electrical signal.
4. The optical device frequency response measuring method of claim 1, wherein the photoelectric conversion is performed using a low-speed photodetector.
5. An optical device frequency response measuring apparatus, comprising:
a frequency shift and delay matching module for setting the instantaneous frequency to omega 1 (t) dividing the chirped continuous optical signal into two paths, one path introducing a fixed frequency shift with a frequency shift delta omega, and then converting the instantaneous frequency into omega 2 (t), the other path is subjected to delay matching to ensure that the instantaneous frequency difference of the two paths of optical signals is delta omega all the time;
a coupling and photoelectric conversion module for coupling the two linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals and dividing the two linear frequency modulation continuous optical signals into two paths, wherein after one path passes through the optical device to be measured, the instantaneous frequency of the other path is changed into omega under the group delay action of the optical device to be measured 1d (t) and ω 2d (t), then the photoelectric conversion is carried out on the signal to a measuring circuit, and the other circuit is directly subjected to photoelectric conversion to a reference circuit;
the signal acquisition and digital processing module is used for sampling the electric signals of the measuring path and the reference path, and extracting the amplitude and phase information of the delta omega component in the electric signals of the measuring path by taking the delta omega component in the electric signals of the reference path as a reference, thereby obtaining the amplitude response and the group delay response of the optical device to be measured at a sampling point; determining the frequency of the sampling point by comparing the amplitude response with the amplitude response of the optical device under test measured by spectrometer measurement
Finally obtaining the frequency of the device to be measured
Amplitude response and group delay response.
6. The optical device frequency response measuring apparatus of claim 5, wherein the signal acquisition and digital processing module uses a short-time Fourier transform algorithm to extract amplitude and phase information of the Δ ω component in the electrical signal of the measuring path.
7. The optical device frequency response measuring device of claim 5, wherein the signal acquisition and digital processing module uses a low speed electrical signal sampling device to sample the measurement path electrical signal and the reference path electrical signal.
8. The optical device frequency response measuring apparatus of claim 5, wherein the coupling and photoelectric conversion module performs said photoelectric conversion using a low-speed photodetector.
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