WO2021128677A1 - Optical-borne microwave interference-based optical fiber time delay measurement method and device - Google Patents
Optical-borne microwave interference-based optical fiber time delay measurement method and device Download PDFInfo
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- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
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- the invention relates to a method and device for measuring optical fiber time delay.
- optical fiber time delay measurement methods mainly include pulse method, frequency scanning interferometry and phase inference method.
- the pulse method calculates the time delay of the fiber under test by observing the time interval between the transmitted light pulse and the received light pulse. Because fiber dispersion will broaden the light pulse and deteriorate the measurement accuracy, the pulse method is not suitable for accurate measurement of long fibers. There are many unavoidable errors in the pulse method, such as instrument resolution errors and fiber dispersion errors. Therefore, the measurement accuracy of the pulse method is only on the order of meters, and as the optical fiber delay increases, the measurement error also increases. Frequency scanning interferometry requires the use of a continuous frequency sweep laser, which is expensive, and is limited by the line width and frequency sweep linearity of this laser.
- phase inference method uses phase changes to estimate the optical fiber delay, which has higher accuracy and can avoid the problem of large delays deteriorating accuracy.
- the phase inference method requires the use of a relatively expensive microwave phase detector, especially when using higher frequencies.
- the existing technology has the following shortcomings: (1) The measurement accuracy of the pulse method is not high, and can only reach the order of 10 nanoseconds (meter level); (2) The frequency scanning interferometry method is difficult to accurately measure the long optical fiber delay, and The requirements on the light source are very high and the price is expensive; (3) The phase inference method requires the use of a relatively expensive microwave phase detector, which is costly.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an optical fiber time delay measurement method based on light-carrying microwave interference, which can realize high-precision and wide-range optical fiber time delay measurement at low cost.
- An optical fiber time delay measurement method based on optical carrier microwave interference After two optical carriers with different wavelengths are coupled into one path, the intensity is modulated with a microwave signal; the two optical carriers with different wavelengths in the obtained modulated optical signal are The microwave signals are separated, one of them is coupled to the other optical-borne microwave signal after passing through the optical fiber to be tested, and the coupled optical-borne microwave signal is photoelectrically detected and the amplitude of the obtained photocurrent is measured; Start sweeping from zero, and repeat the above process at each frequency point, so as to obtain the photocurrent amplitude information that changes periodically with the frequency of the microwave signal, and finally calculate the time of the optical fiber to be tested according to the photocurrent amplitude information.
- the time delay ⁇ D of the fiber to be tested is specifically calculated according to the following formula:
- ⁇ 0 is the time delay of the other optical microwave signal; according to the order of the microwave signal from small to large, f k represents the microwave signal frequency corresponding to the k-th valley of the photocurrent amplitude, and k is a positive integer .
- a wavelength division multiplexer is used to separate two optically-carrying microwave signals of different wavelengths in the obtained modulated optical signal.
- the amplitude of the obtained photocurrent is measured with a microwave power meter.
- An optical fiber time delay measurement device based on light-borne microwave interference including:
- the light source module is used to generate two optical carriers with different wavelengths and couple them into one path;
- Microwave source used to output microwave signal sweeping from zero
- Intensity modulator used for intensity modulation of the output optical signal of the light source module with the microwave signal output by the microwave sweep source
- the optical-borne microwave interference module is used to separate the two optical-borne microwave signals of different wavelengths in the modulated optical signal output by the intensity modulator, and make one of them pass through the optical fiber to be tested and then couple the other optical-borne microwave signals into one. ;
- Photodetector used for photoelectric detection of the coupled optically-borne microwave signal output by the optically-borne microwave interference module
- Amplitude extraction module for extracting from the output signal of the photodetector, the amplitude information of the photocurrent that changes periodically with the frequency of the microwave signal;
- the calculation module is used to calculate the time delay of the optical fiber to be tested according to the photocurrent amplitude information.
- the calculation module specifically calculates the time delay ⁇ D of the optical fiber to be tested according to the following formula:
- ⁇ 0 is the time delay of the other optical-borne microwave signal; according to the order of the microwave signal from small to large, f k represents the microwave signal frequency corresponding to the k-th valley of the photocurrent amplitude, and k is a positive integer .
- the optical-borne microwave interference module uses a wavelength division multiplexer to separate two optical-borne microwave signals of different wavelengths in the modulated optical signal output by the intensity modulator.
- the amplitude extraction module is a microwave power meter.
- the devices used are all mature commercial devices in the field of optical communications, with low prices and low overall costs.
- the solution of the present invention is to modulate the intensity of the microwave signal to two optical carriers with different wavelengths, and then separate the optical signals according to the wavelengths through a wavelength division multiplexer, without passing through the optical fiber to be tested all the way, as a reference
- the path passes through the optical fiber to be tested as a measurement path, and finally it is combined into a photodetector, which forms an optical carrier microwave interferometer, which scans the frequency of the microwave signal and extracts the microwave signal through mature microwave power extraction technology.
- the amplitude change of can obtain the microwave interference fringe, and calculate the fiber time delay.
- the optical fiber time delay measurement method of the present invention is specifically as follows: After coupling two optical carriers with different wavelengths into one path, intensity modulation is performed with a microwave signal; the two optical carrier microwave signals of different wavelengths in the obtained modulated optical signal are separated Make one of them pass through the fiber to be tested and then couple with the other optical microwave signal into one, perform photoelectric detection of the coupled optical microwave signal and measure the amplitude of the resulting photocurrent; make the microwave signal sweep from zero And repeat the above process at each frequency point to obtain the photocurrent amplitude information that changes periodically with the frequency of the microwave signal, and finally calculate the time delay of the optical fiber to be tested according to the photocurrent amplitude information.
- the optical fiber time delay measurement device based on light-carried microwave interference of the present invention includes:
- the light source module is used to generate two optical carriers with different wavelengths and couple them into one path;
- Microwave source used to output microwave signal sweeping from zero
- Intensity modulator used for intensity modulation of the output optical signal of the light source module with the microwave signal output by the microwave sweep source
- the optical-borne microwave interference module is used to separate the two optical-borne microwave signals of different wavelengths in the modulated optical signal output by the intensity modulator, and make one of them pass through the optical fiber to be tested and then couple the other optical-borne microwave signals into one. ;
- Amplitude extraction module for extracting from the output signal of the photodetector, the amplitude information of the photocurrent that changes periodically with the frequency of the microwave signal;
- the calculation module is used to calculate the time delay of the optical fiber to be tested according to the photocurrent amplitude information.
- Light source 1 and light source 2 respectively generate an optical carrier.
- the wavelengths of the two optical carriers are different, and respectively correspond to the two wavelength channels of the wavelength division multiplexer.
- the wavelength division multiplexer After the device is combined into one, it is input to the optical intensity modulator, and after being modulated by the microwave signal output by the microwave source, the wavelength division multiplexer is used to divide the optical signals with different wavelengths into two paths, one is used as a reference path, and the other is used as a measurement path .
- optical signal after the coupling of the two optical carriers can be expressed as:
- optical signal generated after intensity modulation can be expressed as:
- ⁇ is the angular frequency of the microwave signal
- M is the amplitude modulation coefficient
- the intensity-modulated optical signal is divided into two paths according to the wavelength.
- One optical signal enters the measurement path, passes through the optical fiber to be tested, and the other optical signal enters the reference path. After that, the two optical signals can be expressed as:
- the amplitude of the photocurrent changes periodically with the frequency of the microwave signal, and this period is equal to the reciprocal of the delay difference between the optical fiber under test and the reference circuit.
- the time delay ⁇ 0 can be obtained by calibration, so that the time delay ⁇ D of the fiber under test can be calculated.
- the solution method is as follows:
Abstract
Disclosed is an optical-borne microwave interference-based optical fiber time delay measurement method: two optical carriers of different wavelengths are coupled into one path, and then a microwave signal is used to perform intensity modulation thereon. Two optical-borne microwave signals of different wavelengths in the obtained modulated optical signal are separated, one of which is coupled to the other optical-borne microwave signal into one path after passing through an optical fiber to be measured, the coupled optical-borne microwave signal is photoelectrically detected, and the amplitude of the resulting photocurrent is measured. The microwave signal is swept from zero, and the foregoing process is repeated at each frequency point so as to obtain photocurrent amplitude information that changes periodically along with the frequency of the microwave signal. Finally, the time delay of said optical fiber is calculated according to the photocurrent amplitude information. Further disclosed is an optical-borne microwave interference-based optical fiber time delay measurement device. The present invention may achieve high-precision and wide-range optical fiber time delay measurement at low costs.
Description
本发明涉及一种光纤时延测量方法及装置。The invention relates to a method and device for measuring optical fiber time delay.
常用的光纤时延测量方法主要有脉冲法、频率扫描干涉法和相推法三种。脉冲法通过观测发射光脉冲与接收光脉冲的时间间隔计算出被测光纤的时延，由于光纤色散会对光脉冲进行展宽，恶化测量精度，因此脉冲法不适合对长光纤进行精确测量。脉冲法存在着许多不可避免的误差，如仪器分辨力误差、光纤色散误差等。因此脉冲法的测量精度只是米量级，且随着光纤时延的增加，测量误差也随着增大。频率扫描干涉法需要使用连续扫频激光器，价格昂贵，而且受限于这种激光器的线宽跟扫频线性度，其测量范围较小，一般为10微秒(公里)量级，而且测量精度随着光纤时延的增大而明显减小。相推法由于使用相位变化来推算光纤时延，精度较高，且可以规避大时延量恶化精度的问题，但是相推法需要使用价格较高的微波鉴相器，尤其在使用较高频率的微波信号进行测量的时候，没有高频的微波鉴相器，需要上、下变频，容易带来额外的鉴相误差。Commonly used optical fiber time delay measurement methods mainly include pulse method, frequency scanning interferometry and phase inference method. The pulse method calculates the time delay of the fiber under test by observing the time interval between the transmitted light pulse and the received light pulse. Because fiber dispersion will broaden the light pulse and deteriorate the measurement accuracy, the pulse method is not suitable for accurate measurement of long fibers. There are many unavoidable errors in the pulse method, such as instrument resolution errors and fiber dispersion errors. Therefore, the measurement accuracy of the pulse method is only on the order of meters, and as the optical fiber delay increases, the measurement error also increases. Frequency scanning interferometry requires the use of a continuous frequency sweep laser, which is expensive, and is limited by the line width and frequency sweep linearity of this laser. Its measurement range is small, generally on the order of 10 microseconds (km), and its measurement accuracy As the optical fiber delay increases, it decreases significantly. The phase inference method uses phase changes to estimate the optical fiber delay, which has higher accuracy and can avoid the problem of large delays deteriorating accuracy. However, the phase inference method requires the use of a relatively expensive microwave phase detector, especially when using higher frequencies. When measuring high-frequency microwave signals, there is no high-frequency microwave phase detector, which requires up- and down-conversion, which may easily bring additional phase-detection errors.
综上，现有技术存在以下缺点：(1)脉冲法的测量精度不高，只能达到10纳秒(米级)量级；(2)频率扫描干涉法难以准确测量长光纤时延，且对光源的要求很高，价格昂贵；(3)相推法需要使用价格较高的微波鉴相器，成本高。In summary, the existing technology has the following shortcomings: (1) The measurement accuracy of the pulse method is not high, and can only reach the order of 10 nanoseconds (meter level); (2) The frequency scanning interferometry method is difficult to accurately measure the long optical fiber delay, and The requirements on the light source are very high and the price is expensive; (3) The phase inference method requires the use of a relatively expensive microwave phase detector, which is costly.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术不足，提供一种基于光载微波干涉的光纤时延测量方法，可以低成本实现高精度、大范围的光纤时延测量。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an optical fiber time delay measurement method based on light-carrying microwave interference, which can realize high-precision and wide-range optical fiber time delay measurement at low cost.
本发明的技术方案具体如下：The technical scheme of the present invention is specifically as follows:
一种基于光载微波干涉的光纤时延测量方法，将两路波长不同的光载波耦合为一路后，用微波信号对其进行强度调制；将所得调制光信号中的两路不同波长的光载微波信号分离出来，令其中一路通过待测光纤后与另一路光载微波信号耦合为一路，对耦合后的光载微波信号进行光电探测并测量出所得光电流的幅度；令所述微波信号从零开始扫频，并在每个频点重复以上过程，从而得到随所述微波信号频率变化而呈周期性变化的光电流幅度信息，最后根据所述光电流幅度信 息解算出待测光纤的时延。An optical fiber time delay measurement method based on optical carrier microwave interference. After two optical carriers with different wavelengths are coupled into one path, the intensity is modulated with a microwave signal; the two optical carriers with different wavelengths in the obtained modulated optical signal are The microwave signals are separated, one of them is coupled to the other optical-borne microwave signal after passing through the optical fiber to be tested, and the coupled optical-borne microwave signal is photoelectrically detected and the amplitude of the obtained photocurrent is measured; Start sweeping from zero, and repeat the above process at each frequency point, so as to obtain the photocurrent amplitude information that changes periodically with the frequency of the microwave signal, and finally calculate the time of the optical fiber to be tested according to the photocurrent amplitude information. Extension.
优选地，具体根据下式解算出待测光纤的时延τ
D：
Preferably, the time delay τ D of the fiber to be tested is specifically calculated according to the following formula:
其中，τ
0为所述另一路光载微波信号的时延；按照所述微波信号从小到大的顺序，f
k表示光电流幅度的第k个波谷所对应的微波信号频率，k为正整数。
Where τ 0 is the time delay of the other optical microwave signal; according to the order of the microwave signal from small to large, f k represents the microwave signal frequency corresponding to the k-th valley of the photocurrent amplitude, and k is a positive integer .
优选地，用波分复用器将所得调制光信号中的两路不同波长的光载微波信号分离出来。Preferably, a wavelength division multiplexer is used to separate two optically-carrying microwave signals of different wavelengths in the obtained modulated optical signal.
优选地，用微波功率计测量出所得光电流的幅度。Preferably, the amplitude of the obtained photocurrent is measured with a microwave power meter.
根据相同的发明构思还可以得到以下技术方案：According to the same inventive concept, the following technical solutions can also be obtained:
一种基于光载微波干涉的光纤时延测量装置，包括：An optical fiber time delay measurement device based on light-borne microwave interference, including:
光源模块，用于生成两路波长不同的光载波并将其耦合为一路；The light source module is used to generate two optical carriers with different wavelengths and couple them into one path;
微波源，用于输出从零开始扫频的微波信号；Microwave source, used to output microwave signal sweeping from zero;
强度调制器，用于用微波扫频源输出的微波信号对光源模块输出光信号进行强度调制；Intensity modulator, used for intensity modulation of the output optical signal of the light source module with the microwave signal output by the microwave sweep source;
光载微波干涉模块，用于将强度调制器所输出调制光信号中的两路不同波长的光载微波信号分离出来，并令其中一路通过待测光纤后与另一路光载微波信号耦合为一路；The optical-borne microwave interference module is used to separate the two optical-borne microwave signals of different wavelengths in the modulated optical signal output by the intensity modulator, and make one of them pass through the optical fiber to be tested and then couple the other optical-borne microwave signals into one. ；
光电探测器，用于对光载微波干涉模块输出的耦合后的光载微波信号进行光电探测；Photodetector, used for photoelectric detection of the coupled optically-borne microwave signal output by the optically-borne microwave interference module;
幅度提取模块，用于从光电探测器的输出信号中提取出随所述微波信号频率变化而呈周期性变化的光电流幅度信息；Amplitude extraction module for extracting from the output signal of the photodetector, the amplitude information of the photocurrent that changes periodically with the frequency of the microwave signal;
解算模块，用于根据所述光电流幅度信息解算出待测光纤的时延。The calculation module is used to calculate the time delay of the optical fiber to be tested according to the photocurrent amplitude information.
优选地，解算模块具体根据下式解算出待测光纤的时延τ
D：
Preferably, the calculation module specifically calculates the time delay τ D of the optical fiber to be tested according to the following formula:
其中，τ
0为所述另一路光载微波信号的时延；按照所述微波信号从小到大的顺序， f
k表示光电流幅度的第k个波谷所对应的微波信号频率，k为正整数。
Where τ 0 is the time delay of the other optical-borne microwave signal; according to the order of the microwave signal from small to large, f k represents the microwave signal frequency corresponding to the k-th valley of the photocurrent amplitude, and k is a positive integer .
优选地，所述光载微波干涉模块使用波分复用器将强度调制器所输出调制光信号中的两路不同波长的光载微波信号分离出来。Preferably, the optical-borne microwave interference module uses a wavelength division multiplexer to separate two optical-borne microwave signals of different wavelengths in the modulated optical signal output by the intensity modulator.
优选地，所述幅度提取模块为微波功率计。Preferably, the amplitude extraction module is a microwave power meter.
相比现有技术，本发明技术方案具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1)结构简单，不需要微波鉴相，容易实现；(1) The structure is simple, no microwave phase discrimination is required, and it is easy to realize;
(2)系统稳定性高，重复精度可达微米级；(2) The system has high stability, and the repeatability can reach the micron level;
(3)采用的器件均为光通信领域成熟的商用器件，价格低廉，总体成本低。(3) The devices used are all mature commercial devices in the field of optical communications, with low prices and low overall costs.
图1为本发明光纤时延测量装置一个具体实施例的结构原理示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural principle diagram of a specific embodiment of the optical fiber time delay measurement device of the present invention.
针对现有技术不足，本发明的解决思路是将微波信号强度调制到两个波长不同的光载波上，再通过波分复用器将光信号按照波长分开，一路不经过待测光纤，作为参考路，一路经过待测光纤，作测量路，最后将其合束输入光电探测器，这就形成了光载微波干涉仪，扫描微波信号的频率，并通过成熟的微波功率提取技术提取出微波信号的幅度变化，由此可得到微波干涉条纹，并解算出光纤时延。In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the solution of the present invention is to modulate the intensity of the microwave signal to two optical carriers with different wavelengths, and then separate the optical signals according to the wavelengths through a wavelength division multiplexer, without passing through the optical fiber to be tested all the way, as a reference The path passes through the optical fiber to be tested as a measurement path, and finally it is combined into a photodetector, which forms an optical carrier microwave interferometer, which scans the frequency of the microwave signal and extracts the microwave signal through mature microwave power extraction technology. The amplitude change of, can obtain the microwave interference fringe, and calculate the fiber time delay.
本发明的光纤时延测量方法具体如下：将两路波长不同的光载波耦合为一路后，用微波信号对其进行强度调制；将所得调制光信号中的两路不同波长的光载微波信号分离出来，令其中一路通过待测光纤后与另一路光载微波信号耦合为一路，对耦合后的光载微波信号进行光电探测并测量出所得光电流的幅度；令所述微波信号从零开始扫频，并在每个频点重复以上过程，从而得到随所述微波信号频率变化而呈周期性变化的光电流幅度信息，最后根据所述光电流幅度信息解算出待测光纤的时延。The optical fiber time delay measurement method of the present invention is specifically as follows: After coupling two optical carriers with different wavelengths into one path, intensity modulation is performed with a microwave signal; the two optical carrier microwave signals of different wavelengths in the obtained modulated optical signal are separated Make one of them pass through the fiber to be tested and then couple with the other optical microwave signal into one, perform photoelectric detection of the coupled optical microwave signal and measure the amplitude of the resulting photocurrent; make the microwave signal sweep from zero And repeat the above process at each frequency point to obtain the photocurrent amplitude information that changes periodically with the frequency of the microwave signal, and finally calculate the time delay of the optical fiber to be tested according to the photocurrent amplitude information.
本发明基于光载微波干涉的光纤时延测量装置，包括：The optical fiber time delay measurement device based on light-carried microwave interference of the present invention includes:
光源模块，用于生成两路波长不同的光载波并将其耦合为一路；The light source module is used to generate two optical carriers with different wavelengths and couple them into one path;
微波源，用于输出从零开始扫频的微波信号；Microwave source, used to output microwave signal sweeping from zero;
强度调制器，用于用微波扫频源输出的微波信号对光源模块输出光信号进行强度调制；Intensity modulator, used for intensity modulation of the output optical signal of the light source module with the microwave signal output by the microwave sweep source;
光载微波干涉模块，用于将强度调制器所输出调制光信号中的两路不同波长的光载微波信号分离出来，并令其中一路通过待测光纤后与另一路光载微波信号耦合为一路；The optical-borne microwave interference module is used to separate the two optical-borne microwave signals of different wavelengths in the modulated optical signal output by the intensity modulator, and make one of them pass through the optical fiber to be tested and then couple the other optical-borne microwave signals into one. ；
光电探测器，用于对光载微波干涉模块输出的耦合后的光载微波信号进行光电探测；Photodetector, used for photoelectric detection of the coupled optically-borne microwave signal output by the optically-borne microwave interference module;
幅度提取模块，用于从光电探测器的输出信号中提取出随所述微波信号频率变化而呈周期性变化的光电流幅度信息；Amplitude extraction module for extracting from the output signal of the photodetector, the amplitude information of the photocurrent that changes periodically with the frequency of the microwave signal;
解算模块，用于根据所述光电流幅度信息解算出待测光纤的时延。The calculation module is used to calculate the time delay of the optical fiber to be tested according to the photocurrent amplitude information.
为了便于公众理解，下面通过一个具体实施例，并结合附图来对本发明的技术方案及其原理进行详细说明：In order to facilitate the public's understanding, the technical solutions and principles of the present invention will be described in detail below through a specific embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
本实施例中测量装置的结构如图1所示，光源1与光源2分别产生一个光载波，两个光载波的波长不同，并且分别对应于波分复用器的两个波长通道，利用光耦合器合为一路之后，输入到光强度调制器，被微波源输出的微波信号调制后，再用波分复用器将波长不同的光信号分为两路，一路作参考路，一路作测量路。The structure of the measuring device in this embodiment is shown in Figure 1. Light source 1 and light source 2 respectively generate an optical carrier. The wavelengths of the two optical carriers are different, and respectively correspond to the two wavelength channels of the wavelength division multiplexer. After the device is combined into one, it is input to the optical intensity modulator, and after being modulated by the microwave signal output by the microwave source, the wavelength division multiplexer is used to divide the optical signals with different wavelengths into two paths, one is used as a reference path, and the other is used as a measurement path .
两束光载波耦合之后的光信号可以表示为：The optical signal after the coupling of the two optical carriers can be expressed as:
经过强度调制后产生的光信号可表示为：The optical signal generated after intensity modulation can be expressed as:
其中，ω是微波信号的角频率，M是调幅系数。Among them, ω is the angular frequency of the microwave signal, and M is the amplitude modulation coefficient.
通过波分复用器，将强度调制的光信号按照波长分为两路，一路光信号进测量路，经过待测光纤，另一路光信号进参考路，此后两路光信号可分别表示为：Through the wavelength division multiplexer, the intensity-modulated optical signal is divided into two paths according to the wavelength. One optical signal enters the measurement path, passes through the optical fiber to be tested, and the other optical signal enters the reference path. After that, the two optical signals can be expressed as:
其中，τ
0为参考路的时延，τ
D为待测光纤的时延，α
1，α
2分别为测量路和参考路损耗系数。
Among them, τ 0 is the time delay of the reference path, τ D is the time delay of the fiber to be tested, and α 1 and α 2 are the loss coefficients of the measurement path and the reference path, respectively.
再将两路光信号耦合为一路，经光电探测器拍频转换为电信号，为：Then couple the two optical signals into one, and convert them into electrical signals by the photodetector beat frequency, which is:
其中，η为光电探测器的响应度。由此可以得到光电流的幅度为：Among them, η is the responsivity of the photodetector. From this, the magnitude of the photocurrent can be obtained as:
利用微波功率计提取出光电流的幅度信息后，可以发现光电流的幅度随微波信号频率呈现周期性的变化，并且这个周期等于待测光纤与参考路的时延差的倒数，由于参考路的时延τ
0可由校准得到，从而可计算得到待测光纤的时延τ
D。
After extracting the amplitude information of the photocurrent with the microwave power meter, it can be found that the amplitude of the photocurrent changes periodically with the frequency of the microwave signal, and this period is equal to the reciprocal of the delay difference between the optical fiber under test and the reference circuit. The time delay τ 0 can be obtained by calibration, so that the time delay τ D of the fiber under test can be calculated.
解算方法具体如下：The solution method is as follows:
按照微波频率从小到大的顺序，依次找出光电流幅度的k个波谷频率，记为f
1,f
2,…f
k；根据公式(5)可知第k个波谷频率为：
According to the order of microwave frequency from small to large, find the k trough frequencies of the photocurrent amplitude in turn, denoted as f 1 , f 2 ,...f k ; according to formula (5), we can see that the k-th trough frequency is:
所以可得待测光纤的时延为：So the available time delay of the fiber to be tested is:
综上可知，本发明测量装置结构简单，所使用部件均比较易得且廉价，解算过程也极为简便，因此可以低成本实现高精度、大范围的光纤时延测量。In summary, the measuring device of the present invention has a simple structure, the components used are relatively easy to obtain and inexpensive, and the solution process is extremely simple, so that high-precision and wide-range optical fiber time delay measurement can be realized at low cost.
Claims (8)
- 一种基于光载微波干涉的光纤时延测量方法，其特征在于，将两路波长不同的光载波耦合为一路后，用微波信号对其进行强度调制；将所得调制光信号中的两路不同波长的光载微波信号分离出来，令其中一路通过待测光纤后与另一路光载微波信号耦合为一路，对耦合后的光载微波信号进行光电探测并测量出所得光电流的幅度；令所述微波信号从零开始扫频，并在每个频点重复以上过程，从而得到随所述微波信号频率变化而呈周期性变化的光电流幅度信息，最后根据所述光电流幅度信息解算出待测光纤的时延。An optical fiber time delay measurement method based on light-borne microwave interference, which is characterized in that, after two optical carriers with different wavelengths are coupled into one path, microwave signals are used to intensity-modulate them; the two paths of the obtained modulated optical signals are different The optically-carried microwave signals of wavelengths are separated, and one of them is coupled to the other optically-carried microwave signal after passing through the fiber to be tested. The coupled optically-carrying microwave signal is photoelectrically detected and the amplitude of the resulting photocurrent is measured; The microwave signal is swept from zero, and the above process is repeated at each frequency point, so as to obtain the photocurrent amplitude information that changes periodically with the frequency of the microwave signal, and finally calculate the to-be-to-be based on the photocurrent amplitude information. Measure the time delay of the optical fiber.
- 如权利要求1所述基于光载微波干涉的光纤时延测量方法，其特征在于，具体根据下式解算出待测光纤的时延τ D： The optical fiber time delay measurement method based on light-carrying microwave interference according to claim 1, wherein the time delay τ D of the optical fiber to be tested is specifically calculated according to the following formula:
其中，τ 0为所述另一路光载微波信号的时延；按照所述微波信号从小到大的顺序，f k表示光电流幅度的第k个波谷所对应的微波信号频率，k为正整数。 Where τ 0 is the time delay of the other optical microwave signal; according to the order of the microwave signal from small to large, f k represents the microwave signal frequency corresponding to the k-th valley of the photocurrent amplitude, and k is a positive integer . - 如权利要求1所述基于光载微波干涉的光纤时延测量方法，其特征在于，用波分复用器将所得调制光信号中的两路不同波长的光载微波信号分离出来。The optical fiber time delay measurement method based on optical-borne microwave interference according to claim 1, wherein a wavelength division multiplexer is used to separate two optical-borne microwave signals of different wavelengths in the obtained modulated optical signal.
- 如权利要求1所述基于光载微波干涉的光纤时延测量方法，其特征在于，用微波功率计测量出所得光电流的幅度。The optical fiber time delay measurement method based on light-carrying microwave interference according to claim 1, characterized in that the amplitude of the obtained photocurrent is measured with a microwave power meter.
- 一种基于光载微波干涉的光纤时延测量装置，其特征在于，包括：An optical fiber time delay measurement device based on light-borne microwave interference, which is characterized in that it comprises:光源模块，用于生成两路波长不同的光载波并将其耦合为一路；The light source module is used to generate two optical carriers with different wavelengths and couple them into one path;微波源，用于输出从零开始扫频的微波信号；Microwave source, used to output microwave signal sweeping from zero;强度调制器，用于用微波扫频源输出的微波信号对光源模块输出光信号进行强度调制；Intensity modulator, used for intensity modulation of the output optical signal of the light source module with the microwave signal output by the microwave sweep source;光载微波干涉模块，用于将强度调制器所输出调制光信号中的两路不同波长的光载微波信号分离出来，并令其中一路通过待测光纤后与另一路光载微波信号耦合为一路；The optical-borne microwave interference module is used to separate the two optical-borne microwave signals of different wavelengths in the modulated optical signal output by the intensity modulator, and make one of them pass through the optical fiber to be tested and then couple the other optical-borne microwave signals into one. ；光电探测器，用于对光载微波干涉模块输出的耦合后的光载微波信号进行光电探测；Photodetector, used for photoelectric detection of the coupled optically-borne microwave signal output by the optically-borne microwave interference module;幅度提取模块，用于从光电探测器的输出信号中提取出随所述微波信号频率变化 而呈周期性变化的光电流幅度信息；The amplitude extraction module is used for extracting from the output signal of the photodetector, the amplitude information of the photocurrent that changes periodically with the frequency of the microwave signal;解算模块，用于根据所述光电流幅度信息解算出待测光纤的时延。The calculation module is used to calculate the time delay of the optical fiber to be tested according to the photocurrent amplitude information.
- 如权利要求5所述基于光载微波干涉的光纤时延测量装置，其特征在于，解算模块具体根据下式解算出待测光纤的时延τ D： 5. The optical fiber time delay measurement device based on light-carrying microwave interference according to claim 5, wherein the solving module specifically calculates the time delay τ D of the optical fiber to be tested according to the following formula:
其中，τ 0为所述另一路光载微波信号的时延；按照所述微波信号从小到大的顺序，f k表示光电流幅度的第k个波谷所对应的微波信号频率，k为正整数。 Where τ 0 is the time delay of the other optical microwave signal; according to the order of the microwave signal from small to large, f k represents the microwave signal frequency corresponding to the k-th valley of the photocurrent amplitude, and k is a positive integer . - 如权利要求5所述基于光载微波干涉的光纤时延测量装置，其特征在于，所述光载微波干涉模块使用波分复用器将强度调制器所输出调制光信号中的两路不同波长的光载微波信号分离出来。The optical fiber time delay measurement device based on light-borne microwave interference according to claim 5, wherein the light-borne microwave interference module uses a wavelength division multiplexer to convert two different wavelengths of the modulated optical signal output by the intensity modulator. The optical carrier microwave signal is separated.
- 如权利要求5所述基于光载微波干涉的光纤时延测量装置，其特征在于，所述幅度提取模块为微波功率计。The optical fiber time delay measurement device based on light-carrying microwave interference according to claim 5, wherein the amplitude extraction module is a microwave power meter.
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