CN107966172B - Broadband photoelectric detector responsivity tester and testing method thereof - Google Patents
Broadband photoelectric detector responsivity tester and testing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photoelectric detector responsivity tester and a testing method thereof, relating to the technical field of photoelectrons; the system comprises an optical frequency comb output module, a double-drive intensity modulation module, a photoelectric detector to be detected, a spectrum analysis and data processing module, a signal source I and a signal source II, wherein the optical frequency comb output module, the double-drive intensity modulation module and the photoelectric detector to be detected are sequentially connected in an optical mode; the present invention solves these four problems: (1) the frequency sweep method cannot get rid of extra calibration of the electro-optical conversion device; (2) the measurement precision and stability of the optical heterodyne method are not high; (3) the signal ratio and dynamic range of the intensity noise method are small; (4) the frequency shift heterodyne method is limited by the bandwidth of an electro-optical conversion device, so that the measurement cost is high, the measurement precision is low, the reliability is poor, and the measurement of the responsivity of the ultra-bandwidth photoelectric detector cannot be met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a measuring technology of photoelectric detector responsivity in the technical field of photoelectrons, in particular to a photoelectric detector responsivity tester and a testing method thereof.
Background
The photoelectric detector is an indispensable part of a high-speed optical fiber communication and coherent optical communication system, and can be used for generating, recovering and detecting signals of microwaves. With the rapid increase of communication rate and bandwidth, the photodetector gradually faces the challenge of insufficient bandwidth in practical application, and the development of a high-rate and wide-bandwidth photodetector becomes an important branch in the current research field of optoelectronic devices. The responsivity characteristic reflects the main parameters of the speed and the bandwidth performance of the photoelectric detector, so that the responsivity characteristic is widely concerned and evaluated, and meanwhile, the responsivity evaluation has important significance for improving and optimizing the working bandwidth and the speed of the whole communication system.
The current methods for measuring the photoelectric detector mainly comprise a frequency sweep method, an optical heterodyne method, an intensity noise method and a frequency shift heterodyne method. The frequency sweep method mainly obtains the scanning responsivity of the electro-optical conversion device and the photoelectric conversion device through single frequency sweep by means of a vector network analyzer, the measuring method is simple and convenient, in order to obtain the responsivity of the photoelectric conversion device independently, extra calibration needs to be carried out on the responsivity of the electro-optical conversion device, and meanwhile, the measuring bandwidth of the frequency sweep method depends on the bandwidths of the electro-optical conversion device and the vector network analyzer and is limited by the measurement of the responsivity of the ultra-wideband photoelectric detector. The heterodyne method utilizes two light beams to perform beat frequency to obtain the responsivity of the photoelectric detector, and the adjustable range of the light frequency is wide, so that the responsivity of the photoelectric detector with the bandwidth of more than 100GHz can be measured, but because the frequency of the output light beam of the laser is unstable and the coherence of the two light beams is poor, the accurate measurement is difficult. The intensity noise method adopts a light source with a wide spectrum, outputs a wide-spectrum optical signal, accesses the photoelectric detector for detection, and directly obtains the responsivity of the photoelectric detector. The beat frequency method adopts the double-tone modulation signal and the frequency shift signal to carry out beat frequency, obtains the responsivity of the photoelectric detector by measuring the amplitude of the required sideband, realizes the measurement of high dynamic range and stability, simultaneously gets rid of the extra calibration of the photoelectric conversion device, but the measurement bandwidth is still limited by the bandwidth of the photoelectric conversion device, and the measurement of the responsivity of the super-bandwidth photoelectric detector can not be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: it can be seen from the background that the prior art suffers from these problems: (1) the signal ratio and dynamic range of the intensity noise method are small; (2) the frequency shift heterodyne method is limited by the bandwidth of an electro-optical conversion device, so that the measurement cost is high, and the problem of responsivity measurement of an ultra-bandwidth photoelectric detector cannot be solved; (3) the frequency sweep method cannot get rid of extra calibration of the electro-optical conversion device; (4) the measurement precision and stability of the optical heterodyne method are not high; in order to solve the four problems, the invention provides a broadband photoelectric detector responsivity tester and a testing method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the instrument comprises an optical frequency comb output module, a double-drive intensity modulation module, a photoelectric detector to be detected, a frequency spectrum analysis and data processing module, and a signal source I and a signal source II, wherein the optical frequency comb output module, the double-drive intensity modulation module and the photoelectric detector to be detected are sequentially connected in an optical mode.
Meanwhile, the invention discloses a testing method of the photoelectric detector responsivity tester, which comprises the following steps:
s1: optical frequency comb output module outputs optical frequency comb signal fmEntering a double-drive intensity modulation module, and obtaining a first sinusoidal signal f and a second sinusoidal signal f of a signal source1And f2And the two radio frequency input ends are respectively loaded to the two radio frequency input ends of the double-drive intensity modulation module.
S2: the optical signal output by the double-drive intensity modulation module is subjected to photoelectric conversion in a photoelectric detector to be detected to form an electric signal, and then the electric signal is subjected to spectrum analysis through the spectrum analysis and data processing module to obtain an optical frequency comb signal and an amplitude value of linear combined frequency of two sinusoidal signals.
S3: the frequency spectrum analysis and data processing module records the frequency as kfm+f1+f2And kfm+f1-f2Obtaining the amplitude value of the photoelectric detector to be measured at two frequencies kfm+f1+f2And kfm+f1-f2The ratio of responsivity of (a).
S4: holding fmResetting the frequency of the signal source I (5) and the signal source II (6) to be f without changing1＝Δf+fmA/2 and f2＝fm(n-1) f, measuring frequencym+f1+f2And (n-1) × fm+f1-f2Wherein n is 1, 2, 3 … k in sequence; according to the photoelectric detector (3) to be measured obtained in S3 at two frequencies kfm+f1+f2And kfm+f1-f2And the measured frequency obtained in S4 is (n-1) × fm+f1+f2And (n-1) × fm+f1-f2The responsivity of the photoelectric detector (3) to be measured in a broadband range is obtained.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the optical frequency comb signal output by the optical frequency comb input module enters the double-drive intensity modulation module and is modulated by sinusoidal signals output by the first signal source and the second signal source, the obtained intensity modulation optical signal forms an electric signal after being subjected to photoelectric conversion of a photoelectric detector to be detected and is analyzed in the frequency spectrum analysis and data processing module, and the k value of the frequency comb number is selected and f is set1And f2The responsivity of the photodetector is obtained by the ratio of the corresponding beat frequency sidebands. The optical frequency comb is adopted as an optical carrier wave to get rid of the defects of low signal ratio and dynamic range in an intensity noise method, the bandwidth bottleneck of an electro-optical conversion device in a frequency shift heterodyne method is overcome by selecting the number k value of the optical frequency comb, the broadband responsivity measurement of the photoelectric detector is realized, the measurement cost is reduced, and in addition, f is set in the scheme1And f2The specific frequency relation and the amplitude ratio of the corresponding beat frequency sidebands are adopted, so that the extra calibration of the electro-optic conversion device in the frequency sweep method is eliminated, the influence of the offset drift of the double-drive intensity modulation module is eliminated, and the stable and fine measurement of the responsivity of the photoelectric detector is realized relative to the optical heterodyne method.
Specifically, in S1, the modulated optical signal output by the dual-drive intensity modulation module is
In said S2, f obtainedm、f1And f2Linear combination frequency amplitude value of (1):
in the step S3, the obtained photodetector to be measured has two frequencies kfm+f1+f2And kfm+f1-f2The responsivity ratio of (a) to (b) is:
in the step S4, the responsivities of the to-be-detected photodetector at different frequencies are obtained;
further, in order to ensure self-reference measurement, a frequency difference f is set in S11-f2Δ f is a fixed value with the forward direction close to zero.
Further, in order to improve efficiency and ensure the measurement of segment connection, the set frequency is f2Maximum value of fmHalf of that.
In summary, after the scheme is adopted, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) because the optical frequency comb is adopted as the optical carrier, the invention greatly improves the signal-to-noise ratio and the dynamic range of the system compared with an intensity noise method, simultaneously realizes the responsivity measurement of the broadband of the high-speed photoelectric detector based on the low-speed electro-optical conversion device, reduces the measurement cost compared with a frequency shift heterodyne method, and simultaneously sets the f1And f2Realizing the photoelectric detector at fmFine measurement in a frequency band range.
(2) The invention is realized by setting f1And f2The frequency relation of the photoelectric detector is measured, the ratio of the amplitude values of the corresponding sidebands is measured, the self-reference measurement of the responsivity of the photoelectric detector is realized, and the extra calibration of an electro-optic conversion device in a frequency sweep method is avoided;
(3) the invention realizes the stable measurement of the double-drive intensity modulation module to the responsivity of the photoelectric detector under free bias, and improves the stability and the accuracy of the method for measuring the responsivity of the photoelectric detector relative to an optical heterodyne method.
(4) Setting the frequency difference f in S11-f2And f is a fixed value with the forward direction close to zero, so that the self-reference measurement is ensured.
(5) Setting frequency f in S12Maximum value of fmHalf of that, the efficiency is improved and the measurement segment connection is ensured. Drawings
FIG. 1 is a connection structure diagram of a responsivity tester of a broadband photoelectric detector of the present invention;
the labels in the figure are: the device comprises a 1-optical frequency comb output module, a 2-double-drive intensity modulation module, a 3-photoelectric detector to be detected, a 4-frequency spectrum analysis and data processing module, a 5-signal source I and a 6-signal source II.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, which are intended to illustrate only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments used by those skilled in the art without any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a responsivity tester for a photoelectric detector comprises an optical frequency comb output module 1, a dual-drive intensity modulation module and a photoelectric detector to be tested, which are sequentially optically connected, a spectrum analysis and data processing module electrically connected with the photoelectric detector to be tested, and a first signal source and a second signal source which are respectively connected with two radio frequency input ends of the dual-drive intensity modulation module.
Referring to fig. 1, a responsivity tester of a photodetector is constructed, and a testing method of the responsivity tester of the broadband photodetector is as follows:
s1: the optical frequency comb signal output by the optical frequency comb output module enters the dual-drive intensity modulation module, and a sinusoidal signal v output by the signal source I1＝V1sin(2πf1t+θ1) Sinusoidal signal v output by signal source two2＝V2sin(2πf2t+θ2) And modulating, namely, the optical signal output by the double-drive intensity modulation module is as follows:
where t is time, j is a complex number, N is the maximum ordinal number of the spectral line of the optical frequency comb, EnAs an amplitude value of the nth optical frequency comb line, f0Is the frequency of the initial spectral line of the optical frequency comb. m is1And m2For frequency f in dual-drive intensity modulation module1And f2Corresponding modulation factor, gamma and
splitting ratio and offset phase, theta, of the dual drive intensity modulation module, respectively1And theta2And outputting the initial phases of the sinusoidal signals for the first signal source and the second signal source respectively.
S2: the optical modulation signal forms an expansion of a Bessel function of an electrical signal after photoelectric conversion of the photoelectric detector to be detected, and the expansion is as follows:
wherein R is the responsivity of the photoelectric detector to be measured, Jp(·),Jq(. cndot.) is a Bessel function of the first kind of order p, q, respectively.
S3: measuring the frequency f of the sinusoidal signal output by the signal I and the signal source II through the frequency spectrum analysis and data processing module1、f2And the repetition frequency f of the optical frequency comb signalmHas an amplitude value of
S4: set up f1-f2Δ f is a constant value and is positive near zero, and the measurement frequency is kfm+f1+f2And kfm+f1-f2Based on the formula (3), the responsivity ratio of the photoelectric detector to be measured can be obtained
Holding fmThe frequency of the first signal source and the second signal source is set to be f without changing1＝Δf+fmA/2 and f2＝fm(n-1) f, measuring frequencym+f1+f2And (n-1) × fm+f1-f2Wherein n is 1, 2 and 3 … k in sequence, the responsivity of the photoelectric detector to be measured in a broadband range is obtained.
Holding fmIs unchanged and remains f1-f2Changing f as Δ f is constant1And f2Frequency sweep is carried out, so that the frequency of the photoelectric detector to be detected can be arbitrarily frequency kfm+f1+f2The responsivity of (2).
Example one
In this embodiment, the optical frequency comb output module adopts a mode-locked laser with a repetition frequency of 10GHz, the dual-drive intensity modulation module adopts a dual-drive mach-zehnder modulator, the frequency of the sinusoidal microwave signal output by the first signal source is set to be 3.01GHz, the frequency of the sinusoidal microwave signal output by the second signal source is set to be 3GHz, the optical signal output by the dual-drive intensity modulation module forms an electrical signal after photoelectric conversion in the photoelectric detector to be detected, and the electrical signal is analyzed and measured by using the frequency spectrum analysis and data processing module.
When k is 0, the measurement frequency is 6.01GHz (f)1+f2)、0.01GHz(f1-f2) Respectively, are A (f)1+f2)＝0.0041V、A(f1-f2) When the frequency is 0.0038V, the frequency of the photodetector to be measured is 6.01GHz (f) according to the formula (4)1+f2) And 0.01GHz (f)1-f2) Ratio of responsivity of
And the responsivity of a general commercial photodetector at 0.01GHz is approximately 1, so that the responsivity of the photodetector to be tested at the frequency of 6.01GHz is 0.9268.
Example two
In this embodiment, the optical frequency comb output module adopts a mode-locked laser with a repetition frequency of 10GHz, the dual-drive intensity modulation module adopts a dual-drive mach-zehnder modulator, the frequency of the sinusoidal microwave signal output by the first signal source is set to be 3.81GHz, the frequency of the sinusoidal microwave signal output by the second signal source is set to be 3.8GHz, the optical signal output by the dual-drive intensity modulation module forms an electrical signal after photoelectric conversion in the photoelectric detector to be detected, and the electrical signal is analyzed and measured by using the frequency spectrum analysis and data processing module.
When k is 1, the measurement frequency is 17.61GHz (f)m+f1+f2)、10.01GHz(fm+f1-f2) Respectively, are A (f)m+f1+f2)＝0.0036V、A(fm+f1-f2) When the frequency is 0.0029V, the frequency of the photodetector to be measured is 17.61GHz (f) according to the formula (4)m+f1+f2) And 10.01GHz (f)m+f1-f2) Ratio of responsivity of
Setting the frequency of the sinusoidal microwave signal output by the first signal source to be 5.01GHz, setting the frequency of the sinusoidal microwave signal output by the second signal source to be 5GHz, performing photoelectric conversion on the optical signal output by the double-drive intensity modulation module in a photoelectric detector to be detected to form an electric signal, and analyzing and measuring by using the frequency spectrum analysis and data processing module.
When k is 0, the measurement frequency is 10.01GHz (f)1+f2)、0.01GHz(f1-f2) Respectively, are A (f)1+f2)＝0.0041V、A(f1-f2) When the frequency is 0.0036V, the frequency of the photodetector to be measured is 10.01GHz (f) according to the formula (4)1+f2) And 0.01GHz (f)1-f2) Ratio of responses of
Obtaining the responsivity of the photoelectric detector to be tested at different frequencies
However, the response value of a general commercial photodetector at 0.01GHz is approximately 1, and therefore, the response value of the photodetector to be measured at a frequency of 17.61GHz is 0.7072-0.8611-0.8780.
EXAMPLE III
In this embodiment, the optical frequency comb output module adopts a mode-locked laser with a repetition frequency of 10GHz, the dual-drive intensity modulation module adopts a dual-drive mach-zehnder modulator, the frequency of the sinusoidal microwave signal output by the first signal source is set to be 4.51GHz, the frequency of the sinusoidal microwave signal output by the second signal source is set to be 4.5GHz, the optical signal output by the dual-drive intensity modulation module forms an electrical signal after photoelectric conversion in the photoelectric detector to be detected, and the electrical signal is analyzed and measured by using the frequency spectrum analysis and data processing module.
When k is 2, the measurement frequency is 29.01GHz (2 f)m+f1+f2)、20.01GHz(2fm+f1-f2) Respectively, is A (2 f)m+f1+f2)＝0.0031V、A(2fm+f1-f2) When the frequency is 0.0021V, the frequency of the photodetector to be measured is 29.01GHz (2 f) according to the formula (4)m+f1+f2) And 20.01GHz (2 f)m+f1-f2) Ratio of responses of (a):
setting the frequency of the sinusoidal microwave signal output by the first signal source to be 5.01GHz, setting the frequency of the sinusoidal microwave signal output by the second signal source to be 5GHz, performing photoelectric conversion on the optical signal output by the double-drive intensity modulation module in a photoelectric detector to be detected to form an electric signal, and analyzing and measuring by using the frequency spectrum analysis and data processing module.
When k is 0, the measurement frequency is 10.01GHz (f)1+f2)、0.01GHz(f1-f2) Respectively, are A (f)1+f2)＝0.0041V、A(f1-f2) If 0.0036V, the on-frequency of the photodetector can be obtained according to the formula (4)The ratio is 10.01GHz (f)1+f2) And 0.01GHz (f)1-f2) Ratio of responses of (a):
and the response value of a general commercial photodetector at 0.01GHz is approximately 1, so that the response value of the photodetector to be measured at the frequency of 10.01GHz is 0.8780.
When k is 1, the measurement frequency is 20.01GHz (f)m+f1+f2)、10.01GHz(fm+f1-f2) Respectively, are A (f)m+f1+f2)＝0.0036V、A(fm+f1-f2) When the frequency is 0.0031V, the frequency of the photodetector to be measured is 20.01GHz (f) according to the formula (4)m+f1+f2) And 10.01GHz (f)m+f1-f2) Ratio of responses of (a):
obtaining the responsivity of the photoelectric detector to be tested at different frequencies:
therefore, the response value of the photodetector to be tested at the frequency of 29.01GHz is 0.5121-0.6774-0.8611-0.8780.
By analogy, gradually increasing the value of k (k)<N), then the response value of the photoelectric detector to be measured at ultrahigh frequency can be obtained, and f is simultaneously measured1From 0.11GHz to 5.01GHz, f2Synchronous frequency sweep from 0.1GHz to 5GHz with hold f1-f2And if the frequency is not changed at 0.01GHz, fine frequency sweep measurement of the photoelectric detector to be measured in frequency ranges of 0.01-10.01GHz, 10.01-20.01GHz, 20.01-30.01GHz and the like can be obtained, so that ultra-fine and ultra-wideband frequency sweep measurement of the photoelectric detector to be measured can be obtained.
Claims (8)
1. A test method of a photoelectric detector responsivity tester is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the optical frequency comb output module (1) outputs an optical frequency comb signal fmThe sinusoidal signals f output by the signal source I (5) and the signal source II (6) enter the double-drive intensity modulation module (2)1And f2Respectively loading the signals to a double-drive intensity modulation module (2);
s2: an optical signal output by the double-drive intensity modulation module (2) is subjected to photoelectric conversion in a photoelectric detector (3) to be detected to form an electric signal, and then the electric signal is subjected to spectrum analysis through a spectrum analysis and data processing module (4) to obtain an optical frequency comb signal and an amplitude value of linear combination frequency of two sinusoidal signals;
s3: the frequency spectrum analysis and data processing module (4) records the frequency as kfm+f1+f2And kfm+f1-f2Obtaining the amplitude value of the photoelectric detector (3) to be measured at two frequencies kfm+f1+f2And kfm+f1-f2The ratio of responsivity of (a);
s4: holding fmResetting the frequency of the signal source I (5) and the signal source II (6) to be f without changing1＝Δf+fmA/2 and f2＝fm(n-1) f, measuring frequencym+f1+f2And (n-1) × fm+f1-f2Wherein n is 1, 2, 3 … k in sequence; according to the photoelectric detector (3) to be measured obtained in S3 at two frequencies kfm+f1+f2And kfm+f1-f2And the measured frequency obtained in S4 is (n-1) × fm+f1+f2And (n-1) × fm+f1-f2The responsivity of the photoelectric detector (3) to be measured in a broadband range is obtained.
2. The method for testing a responsivity tester of a photoelectric detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the modulated light signal output by the dual-drive intensity modulation module (2) is
Where t is time, j is a complex number, N is the maximum ordinal number of the spectral line of the optical frequency comb, EnAs an amplitude value of the nth optical frequency comb line, f0Is the frequency of the initial spectral line of the optical frequency comb; m is1And m2For frequency f in dual-drive intensity modulation module1And f2Corresponding modulation factor, gamma andsplitting ratio and offset phase, theta, of the dual drive intensity modulation module, respectively1And theta2And outputting the initial phases of the sinusoidal signals for the first signal source and the second signal source respectively.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein in S2, f is obtainedm、f1And f2Linear combination frequency amplitude value of (1):
wherein R is the responsivity of the photoelectric detector to be measured, Jp(·),Jq(. cndot.) is a Bessel function of the first kind of order p, q, respectively.
4. The method for testing a responsivity tester of a photoelectric detector as claimed in claim 3, wherein in S3, the obtained photoelectric detector to be tested has two frequencies kf at (3)m+f1+f2And kfm+f1-f2The responsivity ratio of (a) to (b) is:
5. the method for testing a responsivity tester of a photodetector according to claim 4, wherein in the step S4, the responsivity of the photodetector (3) to be tested at different frequencies is obtained;
6. a method for testing a responsivity tester of a photoelectric detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the frequency difference f is set in S11-f2Δ f is a fixed value with the forward direction close to zero.
7. The method for testing a responsivity tester of a photodetector as claimed in claim 1 or 6, wherein the frequency f is set in S12Maximum value of fmHalf of that.
8. A photoelectric detector responsivity tester based on the method of claim 1, characterized by comprising an optical frequency comb output module (1), a double-drive intensity modulation module (2) and a photoelectric detector (3) to be tested which are sequentially connected in an optical mode, a spectrum analysis and data processing module (4) which is electrically connected with the photoelectric detector (3) to be tested, and a signal source I (5) and a signal source II (6) which are respectively connected with two radio frequency input ends of the double-drive intensity modulation module (2).
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