CN109412687B - Optical path time delay rapid measurement device based on frequency domain standing wave method - Google Patents
Optical path time delay rapid measurement device based on frequency domain standing wave method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
- H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
- H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
- H04B10/0795—Performance monitoring; Measurement of transmission parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
- H04B10/075—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal
- H04B10/079—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using an in-service signal using measurements of the data signal
- H04B10/0795—Performance monitoring; Measurement of transmission parameters
- H04B10/07953—Monitoring or measuring OSNR, BER or Q
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2507—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
- H04B10/67—Optical arrangements in the receiver
- H04B10/671—Optical arrangements in the receiver for controlling the input optical signal
- H04B10/675—Optical arrangements in the receiver for controlling the input optical signal for controlling the optical bandwidth of the input signal, e.g. spectral filtering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
- H04B10/69—Electrical arrangements in the receiver
- H04B10/697—Arrangements for reducing noise and distortion
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for quickly measuring optical path time delay based on a frequency domain standing wave method. The invention adopts the optical frequency comb signal generator with the repetition frequency being rapidly adjustable to emit the optical frequency comb signal with low phase noise and extremely low clock jitter, thereby improving the accuracy of measurement and realizing rapid measurement; meanwhile, the optical frequency comb signal is used as a carrier signal, a certain spectrum width is occupied in an optical domain, and when the optical path difference between a reference optical path and an optical path to be measured meets a certain minimum value, the two optical signals are synthesized by the 3dB coupler and then are incoherent in the optical domain, so that the synthesized signal intensity is not influenced by the drift of the two random phases, and the anti-interference capability of the system is strong.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical time delay measurement, and particularly relates to a device for quickly measuring optical path time delay based on a frequency domain standing wave method.
Background
In optical communication, a time delay inevitably occurs when a signal passes through a certain transmission system; because the delay characteristics of the system determine the distortion of the signal, the requirements of the communication system on the delay are more and more strict. Many methods for measuring distance also rely on the measurement of time delay, so accurate measurement of optical time delay becomes a research hotspot.
At present, methods for measuring the time delay of an optical signal in a transmission link include a time domain pulse method, a PGC (phase generated carrier) homodyne detection method, an optical interferometry, an Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR), and an optical carrier-based microwave interferometry (OCMI), in which:
in the time domain pulse method, laser pulses enter a reference light path and a light path to be detected, a high-speed signal acquisition instrument is used for acquiring interference output signals, the time difference between the pulses passing through the two light paths is measured, and the time delay of the light paths is calculated; but this method has very high performance requirements for the laser and the acquisition equipment.
The PGC homodyne detection method is to use a mode of adding direct current voltage to carry out arm length difference compensation, different voltages are added on a reference light path and a light path to be detected, so that equivalent light path time delay differences are the same, and then two light path time delays are calculated by calculating the voltage difference of two arms; but the method has a small measuring range and also has various limitations when in use.
The white light interferometry is to adjust the position of a reflecting mirror in a white light interferometer, introduce a reference light path time delay amount in addition, when the reference light path time delay and the light path time delay to be measured are completely compensated, two paths of light interference output signals are maximum, and the time delay amount is calculated by reading the moving distance; the method carries out compensation by adjusting the reflector, and the measurement precision and the measurement range of the method are limited by the adjusting device.
In the OFDR technology, a linear frequency-sweeping optical signal output by a light source is divided into two paths, one path of optical signal is reflected after passing through a reference optical path, the other path of optical signal passes through a to-be-detected optical path, and if the propagation length meets the coherence condition of light, the signal light and the reference light are mixed on a photosensitive surface of a photoelectric detector by utilizing Rayleigh scattering and Fresnel reflection existing in the to-be-detected optical path; the frequency of the photocurrent corresponding to the Rayleigh backscattering signal at any point on the optical fiber to be detected is in direct proportion to the position of the scattering point, namely the propagation delay of the optical path; the photoelectric detector outputs photocurrent with corresponding frequency, the amplitude of the photocurrent is in direct proportion to the backscattering coefficient and the optical power of the optical fiber x, so that the scattering attenuation characteristics of the optical fiber x are obtained, and meanwhile, the time delay in the optical path to be tested can be deduced through the maximum value of the test frequency; the method has high measurement precision, but the measurement range is very small.
The OCMI technology utilizes a vector network analyzer to perform Fourier transform and cross-correlation operation through modulating a radio frequency signal on an optical carrier, and determines the time delay difference between an input signal and an output signal according to the peak position of a correlation value; the method has high measurement precision and large measurement range, but has complex technical structure and low measurement speed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a device for rapidly measuring optical path delay based on a frequency domain standing wave method, which implements high-precision rapid detection of optical path delay by modulating the repetition frequency of an optical frequency comb signal, passing the optical frequency comb signal through an optical path to be measured and a reference optical path, and further by a frequency domain standing wave method after optical combining.
A fast measuring device of optical path time delay based on frequency domain standing wave method comprises an optical comb generator, a light splitter, an optical path to be measured, a reference optical path, a combiner, a photoelectric detector, an amplifier, an envelope detector, a low pass filter, an analog-to-digital converter, a processor and a radio frequency signal source; wherein:
the optical comb generator is used for generating an optical frequency comb signal and inputting the optical frequency comb signal to the optical splitter;
the optical splitter is used for carrying out power bisection on the optical frequency comb signals to generate two paths of same optical frequency comb signals F1 and F2 which are respectively input to the optical path to be detected and the reference optical path;
the combiner is used for combining output signals of the optical path to be detected and the reference optical path into an optical signal F3 and inputting the optical signal F3 to the photoelectric detector;
the photodetector is used for converting the optical signal F3 into an electrical signal R1 and inputting the electrical signal into an amplifier;
the amplifier is used for amplifying the electric signal R1 and inputting the electric signal into the envelope detector;
the envelope detector is used for carrying out envelope detection on the amplified electric signal R1 and quickly extracting signal intensity information of the amplified electric signal R1 so as to generate an electric signal R2;
the low-pass filter is used for low-pass filtering the electric signal R2;
the analog-to-digital converter is used for sampling the filtered electric signal R2 to obtain a digital signal;
the processor is used for analyzing the digital signal to obtain the relative time delay difference between the signal of the optical path to be detected and the signal of the reference optical path, and controlling the frequency of the output signal of the radio frequency signal source according to the relative time delay difference;
the radio frequency signal source is used for outputting a radio frequency signal with adjustable frequency to the optical comb generator so as to control the repetition frequency of the optical comb generator.
Further, the optical comb generator adopts an optical frequency comb signal source which has low phase noise, extremely low clock jitter and rapidly adjustable repetition frequency.
Furthermore, the optical splitter adopts a 3dB optical coupler to realize the bisection of optical power.
Further, the optical path difference between the reference optical path and the optical path to be measured satisfies a certain minimum value, so that the two optical signals are incoherent in the optical domain after being synthesized by the combiner, the synthesized signal intensity is not affected by the random phase drift of the two optical signals, a stable electrical domain vector generated by photoelectrically converting the two optical signals is a synthesized electrical signal R1, and a comb-shaped structure with uniform frequency intervals in the frequency domain can be obtained in the photoelectric detector after synthesizing the two optical signals with fixed optical delay difference.
Further, the photoelectric detector adopts a broadband photoelectric detector.
Furthermore, the bandwidth of the low-pass filter is set to include the frequency output by the time delay control device so as to ensure the test sensitivity and have good inhibition effect on clutter distortion components in the output signal.
Furthermore, the envelope detector adopts an envelope detection technology, and compared with a common phase detection scheme, an electric domain mixer structure is not needed, so that the problems of phase drift along with temperature and phase correlation along with frequency caused by an electronic mixer are solved, the sensitivity and stability of detection are improved, and quick detection is realized.
Furthermore, the analog-to-digital converter adopts an 8-24 bit analog-to-digital converter.
Further, the processor extracts standing wave information in the digital signal, obtains a relative time delay difference between the optical path to be measured and the reference optical path signal by analyzing the relation between the modulated microwave frequency and the acquired signal, and controls the output signal frequency of the radio frequency signal source according to the relative time delay difference.
The device adopts the optical frequency comb signal generator with the repetition frequency capable of being rapidly adjusted to emit the optical frequency comb signals with low phase noise and extremely low clock jitter, so that the measurement accuracy is improved, and the rapid measurement is realized; meanwhile, the optical frequency comb signal is used as a carrier signal and occupies a certain spectral width in an optical domain, and when the optical path difference between a reference optical path and an optical path to be measured meets a certain minimum value, two optical signals are synthesized by a 3dB coupler and then are incoherent in the optical domain, so that the synthesized signal intensity is not influenced by two paths of random phase drift, and the anti-interference capability of the system is strong; the device of the invention also uses a frequency domain standing wave method to measure the time delay, so that the structure becomes simpler and the range of time delay detection is wider.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the optical path time delay rapid measurement apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more specifically describe the present invention, the following detailed description is provided for the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the device for quickly measuring time delay of a fundamental optical path of the present invention comprises: the device comprises an optical comb generator 1, a light splitter 2, a light path to be detected 3, a reference light path 4, a combiner 5, a photoelectric detector 6, an amplifier 7, an envelope detector 8, a low-pass filter 9, an analog-to-digital converter 10, a processor 11 and a radio frequency signal source 12; wherein: the optical comb generator 1 is used for transmitting an optical frequency comb signal with low phase noise and extremely low clock jitter and inputting the optical frequency comb signal into the optical splitter 2; the optical splitter 2 is used for performing power bisection on the optical frequency comb signals and outputting two paths of same optical frequency comb signals F1 and F2, wherein one path of same optical frequency comb signals is input into the optical path to be measured 3, and the other path of same optical frequency comb signals is input into the reference optical path 4; the combiner 5 is used for combining the output signals of the optical path to be measured 3 and the reference optical path 4 into an optical signal F3, and inputting the optical signal F3 to the photoelectric detector 6; the photodetector 6 is used for converting the optical signal F3 into an electrical signal R1, and inputting the electrical signal into the amplifier 7; the amplifier 7 is used for performing signal amplification on the electrical signal R1 and inputting the electrical signal R1 to the envelope detector 8; the envelope detector 8 is used for carrying out envelope detection on the amplified electric signal R1 and quickly extracting the signal intensity information of the amplified electric signal R1 so as to output an electric signal R2; the low-pass filter 9 is used for low-pass filtering the electrical signal R2; the analog-to-digital converter 10 is configured to sample the filtered electrical signal R2 to obtain a digital signal; the processor 11 is configured to analyze the digital signal to obtain a relative delay difference between the signals of the optical path to be measured 3 and the reference optical path 4, and adjust a repetition frequency of the optical frequency comb signal source by controlling a frequency of the radio frequency signal source 12, so that a comb-shaped structure with uniform frequency intervals in a frequency domain can be obtained on the photodetector 6 after synthesizing two optical signals with a fixed optical delay difference; the output frequency of the rf signal source 12 is adjustable to control the repetition frequency of the optical comb generator 1.
In the present embodiment, the optical comb generator 1 employs an optical frequency comb signal source with low phase noise, extremely low clock jitter, and fast adjustable repetition frequency; the optical splitter 2 adopts a 3dB optical coupler to realize the bisection of optical power; the optical path difference between the reference optical path 4 and the optical path 3 to be measured meets a certain minimum value, so that the two optical signals are incoherent on an optical domain after being synthesized by the 3dB coupler, the synthesized signal intensity is not influenced by the drift of the two random phases, and a stable electric domain vector synthesized signal R1 is generated by photoelectrically converting the two signals; the photoelectric detector 6 adopts a broadband photoelectric detector; the bandwidth of the low-pass filter 9 is set to include the frequency output by the time delay control device so as to ensure the test sensitivity and have good inhibition effect on clutter distortion components in the output signal; the envelope detector 8 adopts an envelope detection technology, and compared with a common phase detection scheme, an electric domain mixer structure is not required, so that the problems of phase drift along with temperature and phase correlation along with frequency caused by an electronic mixer are solved, the sensitivity and stability of detection are improved, and quick detection is realized; the analog-to-digital converter 10 adopts an 8-to-24-bit analog-to-digital converter; the processor 11 extracts standing wave information in the digital signal, and by analyzing the relationship between the modulated microwave frequency and the acquired signal, the relative delay difference between the reference optical path 4 and the optical path 3 to be measured can be obtained, and the output frequency of the radio frequency signal source 12 is controlled.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: and the time delay difference of the two optical paths is measured by utilizing a frequency domain standing wave method that an optical frequency comb signal passes through an optical path to be measured and a reference optical path and is optically combined. As shown in fig. 1, an optical frequency comb signal with a rapidly adjustable repetition frequency is divided into two paths after passing through an optical splitter, wherein one path is connected to a light path to be measured by an optical fiber adapter, the other path is connected to a reference light path, and the two paths of light are combined on an optical fiber by a 3dB coupler and then output to an optical detector; because the optical frequency comb signal occupies a certain spectral width in the optical domain, when the optical path difference between the reference optical path and the optical path to be measured meets a certain minimum value, the two optical signals are incoherent in the optical domain after being synthesized by the 3dB coupler, so that the synthesized signal intensity is not influenced by the drift of the two random phases, and stable electric domain vector synthesis is generated by photoelectric conversion of the two signals.
When the phases of the two microwave signals passing through the light path to be detected and the reference light path are in the same phase, the maximum detection signal amplitude is obtained; when the phases of the two microwave signals are reversed, the minimum signal amplitude is obtained. Under the condition that the time delay of the light to be detected is fixed and unchanged, the phase difference of the two paths of microwave signals is related to the microwave frequency, so that the phase difference of the two paths of microwave signals after photoelectric detection is regularly and correspondingly changed by changing the modulated microwave frequency:
wherein: f is the microwave frequency, and delta T is the relative time delay difference between the optical path to be measured and the reference optical path; when the two phase differences satisfy 2K pi + pi (K is an integer), a series of minimum values of the amplitude of the photoelectric detection signal can be obtained, and the microwave frequencies corresponding to the minimum values satisfy:
wherein: n is an integer; therefore, the relative time delay difference between the light path to be measured and the reference light path can be obtained by analyzing the relation between the modulated microwave frequency and the acquired signal; by quickly adjusting the repetition frequency of the optical frequency comb signal source, two paths of optical signals with fixed optical time delay difference can be synthesized to obtain a comb structure with uniform frequency intervals in a frequency domain on a photoelectric detector.
In technical implementation, the measurement of the relative delay difference can be realized by detecting the frequency difference between two adjacent minimum values. In the actual system implementation, the microwave signal of photoelectric detection is directly converted into a low-frequency signal after signal amplification through an envelope detector and low-pass filtering, and data sampling and quantization processing are performed in a low-frequency band.
The embodiments described above are presented to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to the above-described embodiments may be made, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications to the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a light path time delay rapid survey device based on frequency domain standing wave method which characterized in that: the device comprises an optical comb generator, a light splitter, a light path to be detected, a reference light path, a combiner, a photoelectric detector, an amplifier, an envelope detector, a low-pass filter, an analog-to-digital converter, a processor and a radio frequency signal source; wherein:
the optical comb generator is used for generating an optical frequency comb signal and inputting the optical frequency comb signal to the optical splitter;
the optical splitter is used for carrying out power bisection on the optical frequency comb signals to generate two paths of same optical frequency comb signals F1 and F2 which are respectively input to the optical path to be detected and the reference optical path;
the combiner is used for combining output signals of the optical path to be detected and the reference optical path into an optical signal F3 and inputting the optical signal F3 to the photoelectric detector;
the photodetector is used for converting the optical signal F3 into an electrical signal R1 and inputting the electrical signal into an amplifier;
the amplifier is used for amplifying the electric signal R1 and inputting the electric signal into the envelope detector;
the envelope detector is used for carrying out envelope detection on the amplified electric signal R1 and quickly extracting signal intensity information of the amplified electric signal R1 so as to generate an electric signal R2;
the low-pass filter is used for low-pass filtering the electric signal R2;
the analog-to-digital converter is used for sampling the filtered electric signal R2 to obtain a digital signal;
the processor is used for analyzing the digital signal to obtain the relative time delay difference between the signal of the optical path to be detected and the signal of the reference optical path, and controlling the frequency of the output signal of the radio frequency signal source according to the relative time delay difference;
the radio frequency signal source is used for outputting a radio frequency signal with adjustable frequency to the optical comb generator so as to control the repetition frequency of the optical comb generator.
2. The optical path delay rapid measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the optical comb generator adopts an optical frequency comb signal source which has low phase noise, extremely low clock jitter and quick and adjustable repetition frequency.
3. The optical path delay rapid measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the optical splitter adopts a 3dB optical coupler to realize the bisection of optical power.
4. The optical path delay rapid measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the optical path difference between the reference optical path and the optical path to be measured meets a certain minimum value, so that the two optical signals are incoherent in an optical domain after being combined by the combiner, and the combined signal intensity is not influenced by the random phase drift of the two optical signals.
5. The optical path delay rapid measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the photoelectric detector adopts a broadband photoelectric detector.
6. The optical path delay rapid measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the envelope detector adopts an envelope detection technology.
7. The optical path delay rapid measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the analog-to-digital converter adopts an 8-24 bit analog-to-digital converter.
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| CN112129491B (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-08-24 | 南京航空航天大学 | Optical fiber time delay measuring method and device based on single-optical-frequency comb interference |
| CN113055108B (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2022-06-17 | 浙江大学 | Method and device for measuring group delay of frequency mixer |
| CN113395107B (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2022-05-24 | 北京工业大学 | Method and device for measuring radio frequency parameters of electro-optic phase modulator |
| CN114184839B (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2024-03-01 | 江苏集萃智能集成电路设计技术研究所有限公司 | ADC frequency spectrum testing method for inhibiting signal source jitter |
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