ZA200807627B - Wireless electronic booster, and methods of blasting - Google Patents
Wireless electronic booster, and methods of blastingInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200807627B ZA200807627B ZA200807627A ZA200807627A ZA200807627B ZA 200807627 B ZA200807627 B ZA 200807627B ZA 200807627 A ZA200807627 A ZA 200807627A ZA 200807627 A ZA200807627 A ZA 200807627A ZA 200807627 B ZA200807627 B ZA 200807627B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- blasting
- methods
- wireless electronic
- electronic booster
- booster
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/04—Arrangements for ignition
- F42D1/045—Arrangements for electric ignition
- F42D1/05—Electric circuits for blasting
- F42D1/055—Electric circuits for blasting specially adapted for firing multiple charges with a time delay
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/04—Arrangements for ignition
- F42D1/045—Arrangements for electric ignition
- F42D1/05—Electric circuits for blasting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
- Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
- Indicating And Signalling Devices For Elevators (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US79556906P | 2006-04-28 | 2006-04-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ZA200807627B true ZA200807627B (en) | 2009-12-30 |
Family
ID=38654987
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ZA200807627A ZA200807627B (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2007-04-27 | Wireless electronic booster, and methods of blasting |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7778006B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2013566B1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2007246165B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2645206C (de) |
PE (2) | PE20081029A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2007124539A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA200807627B (de) |
Families Citing this family (64)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007124539A1 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-08 | Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd | Wireless electronic booster, and methods of blasting |
WO2007124538A1 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-08 | Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd | Methods of controlling components of blasting apparatuses, blasting apparatuses, and components thereof |
US20080282925A1 (en) * | 2007-05-15 | 2008-11-20 | Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd | Electronic blasting with high accuracy |
EP3051248B1 (de) | 2008-10-24 | 2018-02-28 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Elektronisches detonatorsystem |
US20120042800A1 (en) | 2009-01-28 | 2012-02-23 | Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd. | Selective control of wireless initiation devices at a blast site |
CA2772412C (en) | 2009-09-29 | 2017-05-02 | Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd | A method of underground rock blasting |
CN102971602B (zh) * | 2010-05-07 | 2016-01-20 | 奥利卡国际私人有限公司 | 用于引发爆炸物炸药的引发装置、爆破系统以及爆破方法 |
PE20141779A1 (es) * | 2011-04-28 | 2014-11-19 | Orica Int Pte Ltd | Detonadores inalambricos con deteccion de estado y su uso |
US8991315B2 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2015-03-31 | Detnet South Africa (Pty) Ltd | Detonator assembly |
US9702680B2 (en) | 2013-07-18 | 2017-07-11 | Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co. Kg | Perforation gun components and system |
US20220258103A1 (en) | 2013-07-18 | 2022-08-18 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Detonator positioning device |
US9605937B2 (en) | 2013-08-26 | 2017-03-28 | Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co. Kg | Perforating gun and detonator assembly |
AP2016009076A0 (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2016-03-31 | Detnet South Africa Pty Ltd | Detonator identification and timing assignment |
EP3367051B1 (de) | 2013-12-02 | 2020-07-22 | Austin Star Detonator Company | Verfahren zum drahtlosen sprengen |
FR3017480B1 (fr) * | 2014-02-07 | 2017-09-08 | Thales Sa | Procede de detection et de classification d'evenements d'une scene |
US9587925B2 (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2017-03-07 | Vale S.A. | Rock blasting method and system for adjusting a blasting plan in real time |
CA2941648C (en) | 2014-03-07 | 2022-08-16 | Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co. Kg | Device and method for positioning a detonator within a perforating gun assembly |
ES2755426T3 (es) | 2014-03-27 | 2020-04-22 | Orica Int Pte Ltd | Unidad de cebado de explosivos y método de voladura |
WO2015169667A2 (en) | 2014-05-05 | 2015-11-12 | Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co. Kg | Initiator head assembly |
US10273788B2 (en) | 2014-05-23 | 2019-04-30 | Hunting Titan, Inc. | Box by pin perforating gun system and methods |
CA2933756C (en) | 2014-05-23 | 2020-09-01 | Hunting Titan, Inc. | Box by pin perforating gun system and methods |
MX2017000186A (es) * | 2014-07-02 | 2017-08-22 | Orica Int Pte Ltd | Carcasa para uso en voladura. |
US10502036B2 (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2019-12-10 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Perforating gun system |
MX2018003339A (es) | 2015-09-16 | 2018-08-16 | Orica Int Pte Ltd | Un dispositivo de detonacion inalambrico. |
WO2017083720A1 (en) | 2015-11-12 | 2017-05-18 | Hunting Titan, Inc. | Contact plunger cartridge assembly |
KR102630227B1 (ko) * | 2016-07-21 | 2024-01-29 | 한화비전 주식회사 | 감시 데이터 제공 시스템 및 방법 |
US11021923B2 (en) | 2018-04-27 | 2021-06-01 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Detonation activated wireline release tool |
US11408279B2 (en) | 2018-08-21 | 2022-08-09 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | System and method for navigating a wellbore and determining location in a wellbore |
US11591885B2 (en) | 2018-05-31 | 2023-02-28 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Selective untethered drone string for downhole oil and gas wellbore operations |
US11905823B2 (en) | 2018-05-31 | 2024-02-20 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Systems and methods for marker inclusion in a wellbore |
US12031417B2 (en) | 2018-05-31 | 2024-07-09 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Untethered drone string for downhole oil and gas wellbore operations |
US10458213B1 (en) | 2018-07-17 | 2019-10-29 | Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co. Kg | Positioning device for shaped charges in a perforating gun module |
US10386168B1 (en) | 2018-06-11 | 2019-08-20 | Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co. Kg | Conductive detonating cord for perforating gun |
US11808093B2 (en) | 2018-07-17 | 2023-11-07 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Oriented perforating system |
US11339614B2 (en) | 2020-03-31 | 2022-05-24 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Alignment sub and orienting sub adapter |
EP3837491B1 (de) * | 2018-08-16 | 2022-10-19 | Detnet South Africa (Pty) Ltd | Bidirektionales drahtloses zündsystem |
US11808098B2 (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2023-11-07 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | System and method to deploy and control autonomous devices |
USD1010758S1 (en) | 2019-02-11 | 2024-01-09 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Gun body |
USD1019709S1 (en) | 2019-02-11 | 2024-03-26 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Charge holder |
USD1034879S1 (en) | 2019-02-11 | 2024-07-09 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Gun body |
WO2020200935A1 (en) | 2019-04-01 | 2020-10-08 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Retrievable perforating gun assembly and components |
US11578549B2 (en) | 2019-05-14 | 2023-02-14 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Single use setting tool for actuating a tool in a wellbore |
US10927627B2 (en) | 2019-05-14 | 2021-02-23 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Single use setting tool for actuating a tool in a wellbore |
US11255147B2 (en) | 2019-05-14 | 2022-02-22 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Single use setting tool for actuating a tool in a wellbore |
US11204224B2 (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2021-12-21 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Reverse burn power charge for a wellbore tool |
WO2021116336A1 (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2021-06-17 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Initiator head with circuit board |
WO2021122797A1 (en) | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-24 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Modular perforating gun system |
FI4100691T3 (fi) * | 2020-02-05 | 2024-05-16 | Detnet South Africa Pty Ltd | Langaton detonaattorijärjestelmä |
MX2022009714A (es) | 2020-02-06 | 2022-11-30 | Austin Star Detonator Co | Sensores de detonador integrados. |
AU2021224538B2 (en) | 2020-02-19 | 2024-06-06 | Dyno Nobel Inc. | Canister assembly with protected cap well and booster explosive comprising the same |
WO2021185749A1 (en) | 2020-03-16 | 2021-09-23 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Tandem seal adapter with integrated tracer material |
USD1041608S1 (en) | 2020-03-20 | 2024-09-10 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Outer connector |
USD981345S1 (en) | 2020-11-12 | 2023-03-21 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Shaped charge casing |
US11988049B2 (en) | 2020-03-31 | 2024-05-21 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Alignment sub and perforating gun assembly with alignment sub |
USD904475S1 (en) | 2020-04-29 | 2020-12-08 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Tandem sub |
USD908754S1 (en) | 2020-04-30 | 2021-01-26 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Tandem sub |
CA3181280A1 (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2021-12-09 | Stephane Deschenes | Magnetic-inductive wireless detonator with quantum receiver |
AR124035A1 (es) | 2020-11-10 | 2023-02-08 | Dyno Nobel Asia Pacific Pty Ltd | Sistemas y métodos para determinar la profundidad del agua y la profundidad explosiva en barrenos |
US11732556B2 (en) | 2021-03-03 | 2023-08-22 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Orienting perforation gun assembly |
US11713625B2 (en) | 2021-03-03 | 2023-08-01 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Bulkhead |
WO2022184732A1 (en) | 2021-03-03 | 2022-09-09 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Bulkhead and tandem seal adapter |
US12000267B2 (en) | 2021-09-24 | 2024-06-04 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Communication and location system for an autonomous frack system |
CN114719699A (zh) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-07-08 | 宏大爆破工程集团有限责任公司 | 一种安全起爆装置 |
US11753889B1 (en) | 2022-07-13 | 2023-09-12 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Gas driven wireline release tool |
Family Cites Families (57)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3166015A (en) * | 1943-01-06 | 1965-01-19 | Merle A Tuve | Radio frequency proximity fuze |
US3831522A (en) * | 1973-03-02 | 1974-08-27 | R Romney | Explosive booster and container therefor |
US3971317A (en) * | 1974-10-07 | 1976-07-27 | Motorola, Inc. | Detonation system and method |
US4060034A (en) * | 1976-03-09 | 1977-11-29 | Atlas Powder Company | Delay booster assembly |
US4060033A (en) * | 1976-03-09 | 1977-11-29 | Atlas Powder Company | Delay booster assembly |
US4165691A (en) * | 1977-08-29 | 1979-08-28 | Atlas Powder Company | Delay detonator and its use with explosive packaged boosters and cartridges |
US4312003A (en) * | 1980-09-15 | 1982-01-19 | Mine Safety Appliances Company | Ferrite antenna |
US4998963A (en) * | 1981-12-23 | 1991-03-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Explosive logic clock |
US4458248A (en) * | 1982-04-26 | 1984-07-03 | Haramco Research, Inc. | Parametric antenna |
US4576093A (en) * | 1984-04-12 | 1986-03-18 | Snyder Richard N | Remote radio blasting |
US4860653A (en) * | 1985-06-28 | 1989-08-29 | D. J. Moorhouse | Detonator actuator |
MW1787A1 (en) * | 1986-04-10 | 1987-12-09 | Ici Australia Ltd | Blasting method |
US4884506A (en) * | 1986-11-06 | 1989-12-05 | Electronic Warfare Associates, Inc. | Remote detonation of explosive charges |
US4938143A (en) * | 1987-04-29 | 1990-07-03 | Trojan Corporation | Booster shaped for high-efficiency detonating |
US4815385A (en) * | 1987-12-16 | 1989-03-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Blast focusing method and apparatus |
US5038682A (en) * | 1988-07-26 | 1991-08-13 | Plessey South Africa Limited | Electronic device |
US5070788A (en) * | 1990-07-10 | 1991-12-10 | J. V. Carisella | Methods and apparatus for disarming and arming explosive detonators |
DE9016841U1 (de) | 1990-12-13 | 1992-04-16 | Gebrüder Junghans GmbH, 7230 Schramberg | Kampfmittelräumeinrichtung |
US5173569A (en) * | 1991-07-09 | 1992-12-22 | The Ensign-Bickford Company | Digital delay detonator |
US5392712A (en) * | 1993-02-16 | 1995-02-28 | Clipmate Corp. | Electric detonator and lead connector assembly |
CA2147521A1 (en) | 1994-04-22 | 1995-10-23 | Michael William Taylor | Blasting components |
AUPM861794A0 (en) * | 1994-10-06 | 1994-10-27 | Ici Australia Operations Proprietary Limited | Explosives booster and primer |
KR100273990B1 (ko) * | 1995-07-26 | 2000-12-15 | 야마모토 카즈모토 | 전자식 지연뇌관 |
EP0801474B1 (de) * | 1995-10-26 | 2005-12-21 | Ntt Mobile Communications Network Inc. | Relaissender |
US5780764A (en) * | 1996-01-11 | 1998-07-14 | The Ensign-Bickford Company | Booster explosive devices and combinations thereof with explosive accessory charges |
CA2168138A1 (en) | 1996-01-26 | 1997-07-27 | Robert Gordon Yewen | Low frequency electromagnetic communication system, and antenna therefor |
US5714712A (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 1998-02-03 | The Ensign-Bickford Company | Explosive initiation system |
US6082264A (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 2000-07-04 | Sasol Mining Initiators (Proprietary) Limited | Connectors for wired networks for detonators |
US6321690B1 (en) * | 1997-01-17 | 2001-11-27 | North American Industrial Services, Inc. | Device, system and method for on-line explosive deslagging |
JPH10239000A (ja) * | 1997-02-26 | 1998-09-11 | Ishikawa Seisakusho Ltd | 遠隔起爆装置 |
JPH11289291A (ja) | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-19 | Anritsu Corp | ブースタ装置 |
US6186069B1 (en) * | 1998-04-09 | 2001-02-13 | Ensign-Bickford (South Africa Proprietary) Limited | Explosives booster |
KR20010072266A (ko) | 1998-08-13 | 2001-07-31 | 추후보정 | 폭파설비 |
US6938689B2 (en) | 1998-10-27 | 2005-09-06 | Schumberger Technology Corp. | Communicating with a tool |
RU2150671C1 (ru) * | 1998-11-04 | 2000-06-10 | Анатолий Геннадьевич Белявский | Электродетонатор |
FR2787568B1 (fr) * | 1998-12-16 | 2001-02-02 | France Etat | Dispositif de mise a feu d'une amorce |
US6253679B1 (en) * | 1999-01-05 | 2001-07-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Magneto-inductive on-command fuze and firing device |
US6508177B1 (en) * | 1999-09-13 | 2003-01-21 | The Ensign-Bickford Company | Explosives with embedded bodies |
US6247408B1 (en) * | 1999-11-08 | 2001-06-19 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | System for sympathetic detonation of explosives |
WO2001059401A1 (en) | 2000-02-11 | 2001-08-16 | Inco Limited | Remote wireless detonator system |
US6546873B1 (en) * | 2000-04-03 | 2003-04-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Apparatus for remote activation of equipment and demolition charges |
AU1008202A (en) | 2001-01-11 | 2002-08-01 | Inco Limited | Remote acoustic detonator system |
WO2003014045A2 (en) | 2001-08-08 | 2003-02-20 | The Ensign-Bickford Company | Narrow cast booster charges |
ES2278967T3 (es) * | 2001-10-02 | 2007-08-16 | Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd | Sistema de iniciacion con diversidad de frecuencia controlado remotamente. |
US6786926B2 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2004-09-07 | Minu, L.L.C. | Method and apparatus for alignment of intracorneal inlay |
AU2003243539A1 (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2003-12-31 | Ensign-Bickford Aerospace And Defense Company | Signal transfer device |
RU2229678C1 (ru) | 2002-09-17 | 2004-05-27 | Государственное унитарное предприятие "Федеральный научно-производственный центр "Прибор" | Артиллерийский боеприпас |
RU2231746C2 (ru) | 2002-09-17 | 2004-06-27 | Государственное унитарное предприятие "Федеральный научно-производственный центр "Прибор" | Артиллерийский боеприпас |
KR100490435B1 (ko) * | 2003-07-01 | 2005-05-18 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 양 방향으로 명령어를 공유하는 무선 세탑박스 시스템 및그 방법 |
US6941870B2 (en) * | 2003-11-04 | 2005-09-13 | Advanced Initiation Systems, Inc. | Positional blasting system |
DE10356349A1 (de) * | 2003-11-28 | 2005-06-23 | Bohlen Handel Gmbh | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Sprengen von Gesteinsmassen oder dergleichen Massen Übertage oder Untertage |
WO2005071349A1 (en) * | 2004-01-26 | 2005-08-04 | Nxco International Limited | Rock breaking cartridge and use thereof |
JP2005235615A (ja) * | 2004-02-20 | 2005-09-02 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | アダプタパネル、電子機器、及びケーブルコネクタ認識システム |
CN1934406B (zh) * | 2004-03-18 | 2011-06-08 | 澳瑞凯炸药技术有限公司 | 电子雷管连接器 |
PE20060926A1 (es) | 2004-11-02 | 2006-09-04 | Orica Explosives Tech Pty Ltd | Montajes de detonadores inalambricos, aparatos de voladura correspondientes y metodos de voladura |
DE102005052578B4 (de) | 2005-11-02 | 2013-07-04 | Orica Explosives Technology Pty. Ltd. | Verfahren zum Einstellen einer Verzögerungszeit an einem elektronischen Sprengzeitzünder |
WO2007124539A1 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-08 | Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd | Wireless electronic booster, and methods of blasting |
-
2007
- 2007-04-27 WO PCT/AU2007/000553 patent/WO2007124539A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-04-27 AU AU2007246165A patent/AU2007246165B2/en active Active
- 2007-04-27 EP EP07718800.1A patent/EP2013566B1/de active Active
- 2007-04-27 US US11/790,849 patent/US7778006B2/en active Active
- 2007-04-27 CA CA2645206A patent/CA2645206C/en active Active
- 2007-04-27 ZA ZA200807627A patent/ZA200807627B/xx unknown
- 2007-05-10 PE PE2007000527A patent/PE20081029A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2007-05-10 PE PE2014001519A patent/PE20142231A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2645206C (en) | 2014-09-16 |
PE20081029A1 (es) | 2008-10-01 |
PE20142231A1 (es) | 2015-01-08 |
EP2013566B1 (de) | 2015-03-04 |
US7778006B2 (en) | 2010-08-17 |
WO2007124539A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
US20080156217A1 (en) | 2008-07-03 |
EP2013566A4 (de) | 2012-04-04 |
CA2645206A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
AU2007246165B2 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
EP2013566A1 (de) | 2009-01-14 |
AU2007246165A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
ZA200807627B (en) | Wireless electronic booster, and methods of blasting | |
ZA200707109B (en) | Wireless detonator assembly, and methods of blasting | |
EP1729881A4 (de) | Wässrige flüssigkeit absorbierendes mittel und herstellungsverfahren dafür | |
ZA200809149B (en) | Methods of controlling components of blasting apparatuses,blasting apparatuses,and components thereof | |
GB2450829B (en) | Perforating and fracturing | |
ZA200900044B (en) | Connector for detonator, corresponding booster assembly, and method of use | |
ZA200703514B (en) | Wireless detonator assemblies, corresponding blasting apparatuses, and methods of blasting | |
ZA200706295B (en) | Electronic blasting system | |
IL212978A0 (en) | Micrornas and uses thereof | |
EP1734334A4 (de) | Sprengverfahren | |
EP2013739A4 (de) | Verfahren zum betrieb einer drahtlosen usb-vorrichtung und drahtlose usb-vorrichtung damit | |
TWI340555B (en) | Ad convertere and adconversion method | |
PL2101940T3 (pl) | Proszek na bazie żelaza, komponent z niego wykonany i sposoby ich wytwarzania | |
ZA200900964B (en) | Method of producing liquid receiving body, and liquid receiving body | |
AU313321S (en) | Personal wireless microphone | |
EP1707914A4 (de) | Strahlbehandlungsverfahren | |
EP2090474A4 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines airbags und airbag | |
GB0505568D0 (en) | Method of manufacture and associated component | |
EP1998047A4 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines kompressors und kompressor | |
GB2436075B (en) | Evaporator and method of operation thereof | |
EP2004373A4 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines sinterkörpers und sinterkörper | |
HK1093288A2 (en) | Fibranchor, manufacture method and application method | |
GB2437574B (en) | Receiver for use in wireless communications and method of operation of the receiver | |
EP2008289A4 (de) | Schaltkreis und herstellungsverfahren und verwendung | |
IL198940A0 (en) | Stable s-nitrosothiols, method of synthesis and use |