ZA200506392B - Wall construction and prefabricated former therefor - Google Patents
Wall construction and prefabricated former therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200506392B ZA200506392B ZA200506392A ZA200506392A ZA200506392B ZA 200506392 B ZA200506392 B ZA 200506392B ZA 200506392 A ZA200506392 A ZA 200506392A ZA 200506392 A ZA200506392 A ZA 200506392A ZA 200506392 B ZA200506392 B ZA 200506392B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- former
- skin defining
- sheets
- defining sheets
- webs
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011518 fibre cement Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009428 plumbing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004429 Calibre Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003000 extruded plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011210 fiber-reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/32—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material
- E04C2/326—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material with corrugations, incisions or reliefs in more than one direction of the element
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
- E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
- E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
- E04C2002/3444—Corrugated sheets
- E04C2002/3455—Corrugated sheets with trapezoidal corrugations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
- E04C2002/3488—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by frame like structures
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Description
WALL CONSTRUCTION AND PREFABRICATED FORMER THEREFOR
This invention relates to a wall construction that may be used for the construction of the walls of any building, in particular, but by no means exclusively, low-cost buildings such as low-cost housing and industrial buildings as well as other walls including boundary walls. The invention also relates to a prefabricated former for use in constructing such walls.
The construction of walls of, typically buildings, but also boundary walls, in a simple and cost effective manner, in particular utilising a low level of on-site skill on the part of construction workers, is of great importance. In particular, it is of the utmost importance in the swift and efficient erection of low-cost houses or dwellings utilising only simple and inexpensive equipment and a relatively low level of skill on the part of construction workers.
Numerous different proposals have been put forward in order to achieve the objective indicated and many of these have been at least tried out, if not employed on a reasonably large scale.
There is nevertheless considerable ongoing research and development in this regard with the aim and objective of achieving improved wall structures, or, alternatively, at least the same calibre of wall structures but with improved cost effectiveness that is typically achieved by facilitating and/or speeding up on-site construction with minimal usage of materials that are not readily available within a short range.
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Ca 2005/C83%2
It is, accordingly, an object of this invention to provide a wall construction and a prefabricated former for utilisation therein whereby, by suitably configuring such prefabricated former in order to facilitate its use, the aims and objectives indicated above can be achieved, at least to some extent.
In accordance with one aspect of this invention there is provided a prefabricated former for use in the construction of a wall, the former being of generally rectangular shape and having, in an operative orientation, a height and a width, the former comprising a pair of generally parallel operatively spaced skin defining sheets made of a cementitious material and wherein the skin defining sheets areoperatively held in spaced relationship relative to each other by a series of interconnecting transverse webs permanently fixed to the inside surfaces of the skin defining sheets and wherein the transverse webs are orientated so as to permit the flow of a flowable filler mixture between the skin defining sheets from the top of the former to the bottom thereof, in the operative condition of the former.
In one variation of this aspect of the invention the webs are defined by one or more sheets of a corrugated shape and preferably made of a substantially similar material to that of the skin defining sheets with the apexes of the corrugated shape preferably being flat so as to provide a finite surface for bonding to the inside surface of the skin defining sheets (it also being within the scope of the invention for the webs to be formed integral with the skin defining sheets).
In another variation of this aspect of the invention the webs are defined by flexible sheet material that is adhered to the inner surface of the skin defining sheets and that is held taut in the operative position by means of spacers
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. . 2005/06 35G2 urging the skin defining sheets apart. The flexible sheet material may be in the form of a large sheet adhesively secured to the inside of the skin defining sheets along spaced strips arranged so that the flexible sheet material adopts a corrugated configuration when the skin defining sheets are held > spaced apart from each other. Alternatively, the webs may be defined by a series of parallel flexible strips having their opposite edges adhered to the inside of the two skin defining sheets so that they extend at generally right angles to the skin defining sheets when the latter are held in a spaced apart relationship.
Further features of the invention provide for the corrugated sheet or sheets of flexible sheet material to be orientated with the corrugations or webs extending in a general direction corresponding to the height of the former; for the corrugated or flexible sheet, in the operative orientation of the former, to extend up substantially the entire height of the former in which case transverse openings are provided in the transverse webs of the corrugated flexible sheet to enable lateral flow of flowable settable material to take place or, in the alternative, for the corrugated or flexible sheets to be arranged in generally horizontally extending transverse strips of shorter length thereof with the transverse strips being spaced apart up the height of the former.
In the instance that the webs are defined by a rigid corrugated sheet, the former may have a series of tubular passages extending between opposite holes in the two skin defining sheets at selected positions therein, in particular, at spaced positions up the height of the former adjacent its operatively vertical edges. Such tubular passages may be defined by tubes of a cementitious material or alternatively extruded plastics material. These tubular passages may be used to releasably secure flat plates over a butt joint between the edges of the skin defining sheets of two adjacent prefabricated formers.
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2005.0683%2
In either instance, the one operatively vertical edge of a prefabricated former may have a pair of strips secured to the inner surfaces thereof that project beyond the edge of the skin defining sheets to form what is in effect a tongue that is to fit between the edges of an adjacent prefabricated former to form a 5 closure to the cavity between the adjacent edges of the skin defining sheets.
Still further features of the invention provide for the height of a former to be selected to define the entire wall height of a single storey wall construction or, in the case of a boundary wall, the entire height of the boundary wall; for the cementitious material of which the skin defining sheets and, where it is present, corrugated sheet, are made to be a fibre cement: and for at least some formers to be provided with pre-wired or pre-piped facilities that are designed to be incorporated into, and form part of, an electrical or plumbing installation to thereby obviate the necessity for any subsequent wall chasing or excavating for the purpose of installing electrical plumbing pipes and fittings.
It is to be understood that the term "fibre cement" as used in this specification is intended to mean a cementitious product produced in numerous different physical forms, typically sheet or plank form, and consisting of cement admixed with a high percentage of fibrous reinforcing material, historically asbestos, but increasingly other fibrous materials not having the notorious properties of asbestos. Such materials are available in South Africa under the trade names “EVERITE” and “NUTEC” and are typically referred to as cladding.
In accordance with a second aspect of this invention there is provided a method of constructing a wall comprising locating a plurality of formers as defined above with the operatively vertical edges of the skin defining sheets substantially in closely juxtaposed coplanar relationship or in substantial abutment with each other; holding, if necessary, the adjacent skin defining sheets in substantially coplanar relationship by means of temporary holding
P0408ComplRiaanWall 2005/08/08 devices; introducing a flowable, settable cementitious mix into the space between the skin defining sheets of the formers so as to substantially fill the space with settable cementitious material; allowing the settable cementitious material to set and permanently bond to the skin defining sheets; and removing any temporary holding devices.
Further features of this aspect of the invention provide for the temporary holding devices, where used, to comprise rigid plates or sections, typically of metal, extending along butt joins between adjacent edges of adjacent skin defining sheets; for such plates or sections to be held firmly to the outer surface of adjacent edges of the skin defining sheets by means of bolts passing through tubular passages extending between the opposed inner surfaces of the skin defining sheets of a former; for the temporary holding devices to be provided with attachments for releasably attaching stays, braces or other temporary supports for shoring up the formers in their desired position and orientation pending setting of settable material introduced into the space between the skin defining sheets; for reinforcing material, typically rods or "brickforce" type reinforcing material, to be optionally introduced between the skin defining sheets, in particular, to extend generally horizontally through openings in transverse webs interconnecting the skin defining sheets or in vertical spaces between adjacent horizontal transverse strips of web defining sheets; and for any gaps between adjacent edges of generally coplanar skin defining sheets of adjacent formers to be filled with a suitable settable filler material.
Still further features of this aspect of the invention provide for predetermined formers to be provided with preformed apertures for windows and doors or, alternatively, for formers of different heights to be provided in which case the width of a window or a door frame or surround therefor corresponds to the width of the formers; and for roof ties to have their anchored ends embedded in the cementitious material introduced into the formers at the operatively upper edge thereof.
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In the instance that the webs of material interconnecting the two skin defining sheets are flexible, an initial step in the method of constructing the wall is to separate the two skin defining sheets and hold them in a separated condition by means of spacers inserted between the skin defining sheets in order to hold the flexible webs generally that taut.
In order that the invention may be more fully understood different embodiments thereof will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the drawings:-
Figure 1 is an isometric illustration of one embodiment of former in its operative orientation;
Figure 2 is an edge-on view of a vertical edge of the former illustrated in Figure 1;
Figure 3 is an edge-on plan view of the former illustrated in Figure 1;
Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 2 but illustrating an alternative corrugated sheet arrangement and showing the one skin defining sheet in exploded relationship relative to the rest of the former;
Figure 5 is a front view of the former illustrated in Figure 4 with the one skin defining sheet removed completely;
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Figure 6 is a detailed plan view showing a joint between two adjacent formers held in relative relationship to each other by removable holding devices;
Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 6 but illustrating a different form of holding device;
Figure 8 is a similar view illustrating a corner between two formers extending at right angles to each other, in plan view;
Figure 9 is a schematic elevation of a composite building wall constructed utilizing prefabricated formers of the invention;
Figure 10 is a plan view similar to Figure 2 showing a different embodiment of the invention in which the webs are made of flexible material and illustrating the two skin defining sheets held in a separated relationship by spacers;
Figure 11 is a plan view similar to Figure 10 showing the spacers removed; a
Figure 12 is a plan view of the former illustrated in Figure 11 with the webs in a collapsed condition for transport and storage purposes;
Figure 13 is a plan view similar to Figure 10 showing an alternative arrangement of webs interconnecting the skin defining sheets; and,
Figure 14 is a plan view similar to Figure 13 but showing the webs in a partly collapsed condition for transport and storage purposes.
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In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figures 1 to 8 of the drawings, a prefabricated former, generally indicated by numeral (1), comprises a pair of parallel, elongate, rectangular skin defining sheets (2) of a fibre cement material held in fixed spaced relationship so as to define a required finished wall thickness. Thus, for external walls, the overall thickness of the former could, in keeping with conventional thinking, be about 250 millimetres, whilst for an internal wall it could be about 120 millimetres.
However, the thickness is in no way restricted to those associated with single or double brick walls and any thickness that proves to be suitable could be employed.
The skin defining sheets (2) are held in their spaced relationship, in this embodiment of the invention, by the transverse webs (3) of a rigid corrugated sheet (4) of the same fibre cement material and wherein the apexes (5) of the corrugations are flat to facilitate strong bonding or otherwise uniting of these apexes to the generally flat inner surface of the skin defining sheets.
Bonding of the corrugated sheets to the skin defining sheets can be achieved in any suitable manner such as, for example, by means of a settable cementitious type of bonding layer or any other suitable bonding, "welding", or fusing medium. Indeed, it is within the scope of the invention that, production techniques allow the corrugated sheet to be united with the skin defining sheets before either of them are fully cured so that they cure into a generally integral state. It is also envisaged that it may be possible to extrude a composite former consisting of what is, in effect, two skin defining sheets interconnected by integral webs of like material.
It is envisaged that the fibre cement sheets will generally be made in substantially conventional manner, that is to say, with one surface, that is to be the outer surface in this application, substantially smooth, and the other
P0408ComplRiaanWall 2005/08/08 surface, that is to be the inner surface in this application, with a generally rough, textured, or otherwise undulating finish. The thickness of the fibre cement sheets is typically about 4 to 5 millimetres, but any suitable thickness can be chosen according to particular requirements that may be developed; the pitch of the corrugations of the corrugated sheet; and the overall size of former that is decided upon as well as many other determining factors.
It is presently envisaged that a full-size former will have a height corresponding to the full wall height of a building being constructed, typically, in application to low-cost housing, about 2,4 metres. The width of the former will generally vary according to the application but will typically be of the order of 750 millimetres to 1 metre, and more typically about 900 millimetres that, as far as applicant is aware, is a widespread building module norm.
In order that flowable cementitious mix, when introduced into the space between the skin defining sheets, can flow and bond transversely, transverse openings in the web construction are provided.
In one construction that is illustrated in Figure 2, the corrugated sheets run up substantially the entire height of the former and, in this case, the webs are provided with a series of openings in the form of apertures (6). These apertures enable transverse flow of the flowable cementitious mix to take place. These openings also provide for the introduction of transverse reinforcing bars, indicated by numeral (7) in Figure 2, or other elongate reinforcing material, into the wall structure.
In another construction that is illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, the corrugated sheets are sure cut into transverse strips (8) that are spaced apart up the height of the former and extend across the width of the former as shown most clearly in Figure 5. In this case the gaps between adjacent transverse corrugated strips provide for the transverse flow of settable material to take
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place. These gaps also provide for the introduction of reinforcing material, in this case illustrated as being that known in the trade as brick force (9).
Extending up each vertical edge region of the former, in this embodiment of the invention, is a series of holes (10) that communicate with tubular passages (11) extending between the inner surfaces of the component sheets so that bolts (12), as illustrated in Figure 6, can be passed through the entire former in order to clamp temporary holding devices to it. Clearly, the spacing of the holes and their exact locations will be dictated by strength considerations and the cementitious material being used to fill the formers, in use. Considerable structural design may thus be necessary in order to achieve optimum results. It is to be noted that it is also within the scope of the invention that such tubular passages can be provided at locations other than towards the edges of the formers.
Referring now more particularly to Figures 6 to 9 of the drawings, a wall, in this case a wall of a low-cost dwelling, is constructed from a plurality of juxtaposed coplanar formers as described above. The formers are orientated in their vertical position on a cast slab, foundation, or, in a suitable position so that an integral foundation or slab is cast in the same timeframe as the cementitious mix is introduced into the formers to form solid walls.
Adjacent edges of adjacent formers are held in coplanar relationship relative to each other by holding devices. In the instance that is illustrated in Figure 6, the holding devices are flat metal plates (14) that are bolted to the outside surfaces of the edges of the formers by means of bolts (12) passing through the tubular passages (11).
In the case illustrated in Figure 7, there is employed, in the place of the flat metal plates (12), Tee-sections (15) such that the stem (16) of the tee can have attached thereto any required stays, braces or other temporary
PO408ComplRiaanWall 2005/08/08 supports, generally indicated by numeral (17), for shoring up the formers during construction and curing of cementitious mix cast therein.
Figure 8 illustrates right angled sections (18) and (19) bolted to the edges of two formers that extend at right angles to each other to form a corner of the building under construction. Figure 8 also illustrates, in a partly sectioned zone thereof, the fact that a window or doorframe (20) can be included in a wall structure. More particularly, such a frame will preferably have a section including flanges (21) that simply engage the outer surfaces of the two skin defining sheets of a former.
Conveniently door and window frames are made to bridge the distance between two spaced formers as illustrated in Figure 9. In the latter instance the balance of the height of a wall section that includes a window or doorframe is simply made up of a former of short length that will also generally be prefabricated at factory level. Such a short length of former could, however, also be cut on-site, if required.
It will be understood that for a particular design of building, particularly a design that is repeated many times, each and every one of the components can be produced at a factory and the components simply assembled on-site utilizing a minimum of skilled labour. A wall is completed simply by filling all the cavities between the inner surfaces of the skin defining sheets with a suitable cementitious material that can then be allowed to set to form a solid wall to which the skin defining sheets become permanently bonded.
It will also be understood that, once all the temporary holding devices have been removed, all that is required is for the holes (10) to be filled as well as any fissures left between adjacent edges of the skin defining panels of adjacent formers. No plastering is required and the completed wall can be painted directly.
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As indicated above, electrical conduits, electrical connection boxes, switch and power outlet boxes, as well as plumbing pipes and the like, can all be embodied in particular formers at the factory level so that they too will become embodied in the cast cementitious material during construction. No further chasing or excavating of walls need be carried out provided that adequate facility is built into the formers before the construction of a wall.
Also, as indicated above, the anchored ends of roof ties could be cast into the upper edge of the cementitious material introduced into the formers.
The cementitious material that is used to fill the space within the formers can be selected from a broad range of different materials. Firstly, a conventional concrete material could be employed. Alternatively, a gas concrete material could be employed. Particularly in the case of the requirement of a thinner wall, fibre reinforced concrete could be employed. Other flowable cementitious mixes could also be used, as may be required, whether they comprise crushed stone or not.
Of course, any conventional techniques may be employed for ensuring necessary flow of the flowable settable cementitious mix to fully fill the cavities between the skin defining sheets. Such conventional techniques include applying vibratory motion to the outer surfaces of the skin defining sheets or the introduction of concrete vibrator "spades" or like equipment into the cementitious mix as it is cast.
It will be understood that there is a very wide range of formers that can be produced in terms of this invention and different ways in which they can be employed to construct walls, whether they be walls of buildings or boundary walls, those described above simply are illustrative of the invention.
In particular, the webs that interconnect the two skin defining sheets could be of flexible sheet material thereby providing a collapsed condition that saves considerable from the point of view of transport and storage prior to
P0408ComplRiaanWall 2005/08/08 expanding the former by separating the two skin defining sheets preparatory to erection. Also, it is envisaged that manufacture may be considerably facilitated by using flexible sheet material for the webs in the manner that is described below.
Referring now to Figures 10 to 12 one of the drawings, there is illustrated a former comprising two skin defining sheets (30) of fibre cement material to which are adhesively secured flexible sheets (31) that are, in this case, arranged to adopt a substantially corrugated configuration in the expanded condition as shown clearly in Figures 10 and 11. Figure 12 illustrates the former in a collapsed condition in which the webs are collapsed so that the two skin defining sheets are relatively close together thereby substantially saving on transport and storage space. The flexible sheet material utilised for the webs can be any suitable material that will generally be a non-stretch woven fabric type of material having high tensile strength. Many different synthetic plastic materials should be eminently suitable for the purpose as well as appropriate metal or plastics meshes.
In order to prepare a former of this type for use in erecting a wall, the skin defining sheets are firstly separated to approximately the relationship illustrated in Figure 11 and a series of loose spacers (32) are wedged between the edges of the skin defining sheets to hold them in the required spaced relationship as illustrated in Figure 10. In the event that tubular passages are required passing through the former in order to attach temporary holding devices to it, tubular spacers could be used to extend between holes provided at the required positions in the skin defining sheets.
Another variation that is illustrated in Figures 10 to 12 is an alternative means of aligning adjacent formers in coplanar relationship. In this instance the one vertical edge (33) of the two skin defining sheets has bonded thereto a strip (34) also fibre cement material so that the strip projects beyond the edge of the skin defining sheets in the manner of a tongue. As will be therefrom
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Figure 10, the projecting strips can then be introduced between the opposite edges (35) of a former so that the strips (34) overlap the joint between abutting or juxtaposed vertical edges of adjacent formers. This may obviate, in at least many instances, the need for any flat metal plates as described above. The formers can be held in a vertical orientation during casting by any suitable stay or buttress means.
The flexible webs interconnecting the skin defining panels could assume numerous different forms. Figures 13 and 14 illustrate but one alternative form in which pre-pressed pleated strips (36) have their opposite longitudinal edges bonded to the inner surfaces of the two skin defining sheets (27). The webs in this instance are pulled out to a condition in which they are substantially right angles to the skin defining sheets once spacers (28) have been introduced, as indicated above.
It will be quite apparent that numerous other variations and configurations possible within the scope of the invention.
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Claims (25)
1. A prefabricated former for use in the construction of a wall, the former being of generally rectangular shape and having, in an operative orientation, a height and a width, the former comprising a pair of generally parallel operatively spaced skin defining sheets made of a cementitious material and wherein the skin defining sheets areoperatively held in spaced relationship relative to each other by a series of interconnecting transverse webs permanently fixed to the inside surfaces of the skin defining sheets and wherein the transverse webs are orientated so as to permit the flow of a flowable filler mixture between the skin defining sheets from the top of the former to the bottom thereof, in the operative condition of the former.
2. A prefabricated former as claimed in claim 1 in which the webs are defined by one or more rigid sheets of a corrugated shape.
3. A prefabricated former as claimed in claim 2 in which the corrugated sheet is made of a substantially similar material to that of the skin defining sheets.
4. A prefabricated former as claimed in either one of claims 2 or 3 in which the apexes of the corrugated shape are flat so as to provide a finite surface for bonding to the inside surface of the skin defining sheets.
5. A prefabricated former as claimed in claim 1 in which the webs are defined by flexible sheet material that is adhered to the inner surface of the skin defining sheets and that is held taut in the operative condition by means of spacers urging the skin defining sheets apart. P0408CompiRiaanWall 2005/08/08
6. A prefabricated former as claimed in claim 5 in which the flexible sheet material is in the form of a large sheet adhesively secured to the inside of the skin defining sheets along spaced strips arranged so that the flexible sheet material adopts a corrugated configuration when the skin defining sheets are held spaced apart from each other.
7. A prefabricated former as claimed in claim 5 in which the webs are defined by a series of parallel flexible strips having their opposite edges adhered to the inside of the two skin defining sheets so that they extend at generally right angles to the skin defining sheets when the latter are held in a spaced apart relationship.
8. A prefabricated former as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the webs extend in a general direction corresponding to the height of the former.
9 A prefabricated former as claimed in claim 8 in which the webs, in the operative orientation of the former, extend up substantially the entire height of the former in which case transverse openings are provided in the webs to enable lateral flow of flowable settable material to take place.
10. A prefabricated former as claimed in claim 8 in which the webs are arranged in generally horizontally extending transverse strips or series thereof of shorter length with the transverse strips or series being spaced apart up the height of the former the leave transverse gaps to enable lateral flow of flowable settable material to take place.
11. A prefabricated former as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the former has a series of tubular passages extending between opposite holes in the two skin defining sheets at selected P0408ComplRiaanWall 2005/08/08 positions therein so as to be suitable for the attachment of temporary holding devices thereto.
12. A prefabricated former as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the operatively vertical edges of a prefabricated former has a pair of strips secured to the inner surfaces of two edges thereof so as to project beyond the edge of the skin defining sheet to form what is in effect a tongue that is to fit on the inside of a cooperating edges of an adjacent prefabricated former to form a closure between the adjacent edges of the skin defining sheets.
13. A prefabricated former as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the height of a former is selected to define the entire wall height of a single storey wall construction or, in the case of a boundary wall, the entire height of the boundary wall.
14. A prefabricated former as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the cementitious material of which the skin defining sheets as well as any rigid corrugated sheets are made of a fibre cement.
15. A prefabricated former as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the former is provided with pre-wired or pre-piped facilities that are designed to be incorporated into, and form part of, an electrical or plumbing installation.
16. A prefabricated former substantially as herein described and exemplified with reference to Figures 1 to 3; Figures 4 and 5; Figures 10 to 12; or Figures 13 and 14 of the accompanying drawings.
17. A method of constructing a wall comprising locating a plurality of formers as in any one of claims 1 to 16 with the operatively vertical edges of the skin defining sheets substantially in closely juxtaposed P0408CompliRiaanWail 2005/08/08 coplanar relationship or in substantial abutment with each other; holding, if necessary, the adjacent skin defining sheets in substantially coplanar relationship by means of temporary holding devices; introducing a flowable, settable cementitious mix into the space between the skin defining sheets of the formers so as to substantially fill the space with settable cementitious material; allowing the settable cementitious material to set and permanently bond to the skin defining sheets; and removing any temporary holding devices.
18. A method as claimed in claim 17 in which the temporary holding devices, where used, comprise rigid plates or sections extending along butt joins between adjacent edges of adjacent skin defining sheets wherein the plates or sections are held firmly to the outer surface of adjacent edges of the skin defining sheets by means of bolts passing through tubular passages extending between the opposed inner surfaces of the skin defining sheets of a former.
19. A method as claimed in either one of claims 17 or 18 in which the temporary holding devices are provided with attachments for releasably attaching stays, braces or other temporary supports for shoring up the formers in their desired position and orientation.
20. A method as claimed in any one of claims 17 to 19 in which reinforcing material is introduced between the skin defining sheets to extend generally horizontally through openings or gaps in transverse webs interconnecting the skin defining sheets.
21. A method as claimed in any one of claims 17 to 20 in which predetermined formers are provided with preformed apertures for windows or doors. P0408ComplRiaanWall 2005/08/08 i
22. A method as claimed in any one of claims 17 to 20 in which formers of different heights are provided for association with window or door frames in which case the width of a window or a door frame or surround therefor corresponds to the width of the formers.
23. A method as claimed in any one of claims 17 to 22 in which roof ties to have their anchored ends embedded in the cementitious material introduced into the formers at the operatively upper edge thereof.
24. A method as claimed in any one of claims 17 to 23 in which the webs of material interconnecting the two skin defining sheets are flexible and erection of the formers is preceded by an initial step of separating the two skin defining sheets and holding them in a separated condition by means of spacers inserted between the skin defining sheets in order to hold the flexible webs generally taut.
25. A method of constructing a wall substantially as herein described and exemplified with reference to the accompanying drawings. Dated this 8" day of August 2005 for the applicant P0408ComplRiaanWall 2005/08/08
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200506392A ZA200506392B (en) | 2005-03-03 | 2005-08-11 | Wall construction and prefabricated former therefor |
| PCT/IB2006/000392 WO2006092696A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 | 2006-02-27 | Wall construction and prefabricated former therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200501819 | 2005-03-03 | ||
| ZA200506392A ZA200506392B (en) | 2005-03-03 | 2005-08-11 | Wall construction and prefabricated former therefor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ZA200506392B true ZA200506392B (en) | 2006-05-31 |
Family
ID=36441996
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200506392A ZA200506392B (en) | 2005-03-03 | 2005-08-11 | Wall construction and prefabricated former therefor |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2006092696A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200506392B (en) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB546105A (en) * | 1941-07-02 | 1942-06-26 | Thomas Frederick William Clark | Improvements relating to permanent shuttering units for use in building construction |
| FR1578060A (en) * | 1968-05-13 | 1969-08-14 | ||
| FR2171025A1 (en) * | 1972-02-10 | 1973-09-21 | Ctre Rech Metallurg | |
| IT227125Y1 (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1997-09-15 | Pagliarani Paolo | FIREPROOF PANEL STRUCTURE WITH INCREASED TECHNICAL RESISTANCE CHARACTERISTICS |
| US6079175A (en) * | 1997-04-09 | 2000-06-27 | Clear; Theodore E. | Cementitious structural building panel |
| AUPQ799000A0 (en) * | 2000-06-06 | 2000-06-29 | Kuchel, Karin | Prefabricated collapsible panel for walls floors ceilings and rooves |
-
2005
- 2005-08-11 ZA ZA200506392A patent/ZA200506392B/en unknown
-
2006
- 2006-02-27 WO PCT/IB2006/000392 patent/WO2006092696A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2006092696A1 (en) | 2006-09-08 |
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