PL128494B1 - Ceiling,in particular for dwelling houses and method of making the same - Google Patents

Ceiling,in particular for dwelling houses and method of making the same Download PDF

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Publication number
PL128494B1
PL128494B1 PL22336080A PL22336080A PL128494B1 PL 128494 B1 PL128494 B1 PL 128494B1 PL 22336080 A PL22336080 A PL 22336080A PL 22336080 A PL22336080 A PL 22336080A PL 128494 B1 PL128494 B1 PL 128494B1
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PL
Poland
Prior art keywords
ceiling
beams
nails
reinforced concrete
making
Prior art date
Application number
PL22336080A
Other languages
Polish (pl)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to PL22336080Q priority Critical patent/PL223360A2/xx
Application filed filed Critical
Priority to PL22336080A priority patent/PL128494B1/en
Priority to EP81102539A priority patent/EP0037567A1/en
Publication of PL128494B1 publication Critical patent/PL128494B1/en

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
    • E04B2005/232Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated with special provisions for connecting wooden stiffening ribs or other wooden beam-like formations to the concrete slab
    • E04B2005/237Separate connecting elements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

Description

Przedmiotem wynalazku jest strop, przeznaczony szczególnie do budynków mieszkal¬ nych i sposób wykonania tego stropu.Stosowane dotychczas w budownictwie mieszkaniowym stropy charakteryzuja sie duza róznorodnoscia, wsród których wykorzystuje sie najczesciej stropy zelbetowe prefabry¬ kowane lub monolityczne, przy czym w budownictwie mieszkaniowym, zwlaszcza starej sub¬ stancji mieszkaniowej stropy sa drewniane.Znane stropy gestozebrowe, wykonywane na bazie prefabrykowanych belek zelbetowych 1 pustaków betonowych zostaly w wyniku rozwoju ciezkiej prefabrykacji wyparte przez stropy w postaci wielkiej plyty, dostarczanej z zakladów prefabrykacji i montowane na placu budowy przj pomocy ciezkich dzwigów.Badania ostatnich lat wykazaly, ze sposoby wykonywania stropów ida w kierunku opracowywania technologii mniej transportowo i energetycznie chlonnych, opartych na betonowaniu na placach budowy plaskich, bezzebrowych, zbrojonych plyt zelbetowych i nastepnie pojedynczo lub w pakietach, podnoszeniu ich hydraulicznie na wysokosci od¬ powiednich kondygnacji. Jako elementy wsporcze wykorzystywane sa tu prefabrykowane slupy. Odmiana powyzszej technologii sa monolityczne konstrukcje plytowo-slupowe beto¬ nowane w deskowaniach wielokrotnego uzycia na miejscu budowy* Znane sposoby wytwarzania plaskich stropów monolitycznych wypieraja skutecznie, zwlaszcza w budownictwie mieszkaniowym, zarówno wielkie plyty Jak i monolityczne stro¬ py zebrowe• Strop wedlug wynalazku sklada sit z belek drewnianych, równoleglych do siebie, mocowanych w murze budynku, stanowiacych podstawowy element nosny konstrukcji i mono¬ litycznej plyty zelbetowej, zbrojonej jednokierunkowo, poprzecznie do ukladu belek, wspólpracujacej z belkami drewnianymi i zespolonej z belkami za pomoca gwozdzi i ewen¬ tualnie wrebów. Gwozdzie stanowiace zasadniczy element zespalajacy zelbetowa plyte z drewniana belka, przenoszace sily rozwarstwiajace, sa wbijane do belek przed2 128 494 betonowaniem plyty tak, aby ich wystajace konce zabetonowane w plycie, nie byly mniej¬ sze od 0,7 grubosci plyty. Wreby stanowia dodatkowy element zespolenia i w znaczny sposób zmniejszaja przy zginaniu stropu wzajemne przemieszczenie plyty wzgledem belki, co wplywa na zmniejszenie ugiecia konstrukcji* Stosowanie gwozdzi i wrebów jest zale¬ cane przy duzych obciazeniach.Sposób wykonywania stropu wedlug wynalazku, polega na tym, ze po zamocowaniu drewnianych belek nowego budynku lub pozostawionych belkach stropu rewaloryzowanego w scianach budynku, wbiciu w nie gwozdzi i ulozeniu na nich zbrojenia, zostaje wylany beton tworzacy plyte zelbetowa.Glówna zaleta stropu wedlug wynalazku, w stosunku do tradycyjnych stropów drewnia¬ nych, jest to, ze dzieki zespoleniu belek drewnianych z plyta zelbetowa, nosnosc stro¬ pu i jego sztywnosc zwiekszaja sie kilkakrotnie* Powyzsze nastepuje ze wzgledu na wzrost ramienia sil wewnetrznych, w których os obojetna lezy w przyblizeniu na styku plyta-belka oraz ze wzgledu na zmiane przekroju prostokatnego na teowy. Drewniane bel¬ ki moga takze sluzyc do podwieszenia deskowania, w tym równiez deskowan wielokrotnego uzycia. Nadto przy otynkowanej podsufitce, strop Jest praktycznie ognioodporny, ponie¬ waz od góry, a wiec od strony najwiekszego zagrozenia pozarowego jego drewniane belki sa chronione zelbetowa plyta.Rozwiazanie wedlug wynalazku, zapewniajace wykorzystanie drewnianych belek jako elementów nie tylko niosacych zelbetowa plyte, lecz z nia wspólpracujacych, jest szcze¬ gólnie zalecane w przypadku koniecznosci wymiany drewnianych stropów w istniejacych budynkach mieszkalnych. Rewaloryzacje stropu sprowadza sie tu do zerwania pcdlogi, sprawdzenia jakosci drewna istniejacych belek i w razie potrzeby wzmocnienia ich kon¬ cówek w murach, wbicia gwozdzi, ulozenia zbrojenia i zabetonowania plyty, przy czym jako deskowania wykorzystuje sie przewaznie istniejace w starych stropach wypelnienia pomiedzy belkami.Wykorzystanie stropu wedlug wynalazku do rekonstrukcji starej substancji mieszka¬ niowej zmniejsza nie tylko kilkakrotnie pracochlonnosc i koszty materialowe, lecz rów¬ niez w sposób radykalny przybpiesza realizacje remontu budynku.Przedmiot wynalazku w przykladzie wykonania zostal uwidoczniona na rysunku, na którym fig. 1 przedstawia strop w przekroju wzdluz osi belki z wbitymi gwozdziami, fig. £ - strop w przekroju A-A na fig. 1, fig. 3 - strop w przekroju wzdluz osi belki z wbitymi gwozdziami i wrebami, a fig. 4 - strop w przekroju b-B na fig. 3.Strop wedlug wynalazku stanowia drewniane belki 1, równolegle do siebie i zamoco¬ wane w murze budynku, zespolone z monolityczna zelbetowa plyta ciagla 2. ^elki 1 sa polaczone z plyta 2 za pomoca gwozdzi 3 wbitych w belki 1 tak, iz wystajace ich konce, nie mniejsze niz 0,7 grubosci plyty 2, sa zabetonowane w plycie 2 jednokierunkowo zbrojonej poprzecznie do ukladu belek 1• Na fig. 3 i 4 przedstawiono strop, który oprócz wbitych gwozdzi 3 jest dodatkowo wyposazony we wreby 4 wykonane w belce 1.Zastrzezenia patentowe 1. Strop zwlaszcza do budynków mieszkalnych, znamienny tym, ze posiada podstawowy element nosny, który stanowia drewniane belki /i/ równolegle do siebie i za¬ mocowane w murze budynku, zespolone z monolityczna zelbetowa plyta ciagla /2/, jedno¬ kierunkowe zbrojona poprzecznie do ukladu belek /i/ i polaczone z plyta /2/ za pomoca gwozdzi /3/ i ewentualnie wrebów, przy czym gwozdzie sa wbite w belki /I/ tak, iz wy¬ stajace konce nie mniejsze niz 0,7 grubosci plyty /2/, sa zabetonowane w plycie /2^. 2. Sposób wykonywania stropu zwlaszcza do budynków mieszkalnych, z zastosowaniem drewnianych belek nowego budynku lub pozostawionych belkach stropu rewaloryzowanego, znamienny tym, ze belki /i/ uklada sie na konstrukcji wsporczej i po wbiciu w nie gwozdzi /3/ wylewa sie na mokro plytV zelbetowa /2/.i 128 494 PLThe subject of the invention is a ceiling, intended especially for residential buildings and the method of making this ceiling. The ceilings used so far in residential construction are characterized by a large variety, among which prefabricated or monolithic reinforced concrete ceilings are most often used, while in housing construction, especially in the old As a result of the development of heavy prefabrication, the ceilings are wooden. The well-known gestational-slab ceilings, made of prefabricated reinforced concrete beams and concrete blocks, have been replaced by large-panel ceilings supplied from prefabrication plants and assembled at the construction site with the use of heavy cranes. in recent years, it has been shown that the methods of making ceilings are moving towards developing technologies that are less transport and energy-absorbing, based on concreting flat, ribless, reinforced concrete slabs on construction sites and then individually or in bundles, lifting and in them hydraulically at the height of the appropriate storeys. Prefabricated poles are used as supporting elements. A variation of the above technology is the monolithic concrete slab-column structures in formwork multiple use at the construction site * Known methods of producing flat monolithic ceilings effectively displace, especially in residential construction, both large slabs and monolithic ribbed ceilings • The ceiling, according to the invention, consists of sieves made of wooden beams, parallel to each other, fixed in the wall of the building, constituting the basic load-bearing element of the structure, and a monolithic reinforced concrete slab, reinforced in one way, transversely to the beam system, cooperating with the wooden beams and bonded with the beams by means of nails and possibly spars. The nails constituting the essential element connecting the reinforced concrete slab with the wooden beam, transferring the delaminating forces, are hammered into the beams before concreting the slab so that their protruding ends concreted in the slab are not smaller than 0.7 of the slab thickness. The notches constitute an additional element of the joint and significantly reduce the mutual displacement of the slab in relation to the beam when bending the ceiling, which reduces the deflection of the structure * The use of nails and notches is recommended for high loads. The method of making the ceiling according to the invention consists in the fact that after fixing wooden beams of a new building or restored ceiling beams left in the walls of the building, nails are hammered in and reinforcement is placed on them, concrete is poured to form a reinforced concrete slab. The main advantage of the ceiling according to the invention, compared to traditional wooden ceilings, is that thanks to the joining of wooden beams with a reinforced concrete slab, the load-bearing capacity of the roof and its stiffness increase several times * The above occurs due to the increase of the internal forces arm, in which the neutral axis lies approximately at the board-beam interface, and due to the change of the rectangular section into the tee. Wooden beams can also be used to suspend formwork, including reusable formwork. Moreover, next to the plastered soffit, the ceiling is practically fireproof, because its wooden beams are protected from the top, i.e. from the side of the highest fire hazard, with a reinforced concrete slab. The solution according to the invention, ensuring the use of wooden beams as elements not only carrying the reinforced concrete slab, but also with it. cooperating, it is especially recommended in case of necessity to replace wooden ceilings in existing houses. The revalorization of the ceiling is reduced to breaking the PVC floor, checking the quality of the wood of the existing beams and, if necessary, strengthening their ends in the walls, driving nails, placing the reinforcement and concreting the slab, while the formwork is mostly used with the fillings between the beams in the old ceilings. of the ceiling according to the invention for the reconstruction of an old dwelling substance not only reduces the labor and material costs several times, but also radically accelerates the renovation of the building. The subject of the invention is shown in the drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows the ceiling in cross-section along the axis of the beam with nails hammered in, fig. L - ceiling in section AA in fig. 1, fig. 3 - ceiling in section along the axis of the beam with nails and weaves driven in, and fig. 4 - ceiling in section bB in fig. 3. According to the invention, the ceiling consists of wooden beams 1, parallel to each other and fixed in the wall of the building, composite with a monolithic reinforced concrete continuous plate 2. ^ The elbows 1 are connected to the plate 2 with nails 3 driven into the beams 1 so that their protruding ends, not less than 0.7 plate thickness 2, are concreted in the plate 2 unidirectionally reinforced crosswise to the system of beams 1 • Figures 3 and 4 show a ceiling which, apart from driven nails 3, is additionally equipped with notches 4 made in beam 1. Patent claims 1. Ceiling, especially for residential buildings, characterized by the fact that it has a basic load-bearing element, which is wooden beams / i / parallel to each other and fixed in the wall of the building, composite with a monolithic reinforced concrete continuous plate / 2 /, one-way reinforced transversely to the beam system / and / and connected to the plate / 2 / with nails / 3 / and and possibly spars, the nails being driven into the beams (I) so that the protruding ends not less than 0.7 of the plate thickness (2) are concreted in the plate (2). The method of making the ceiling, especially for residential buildings, with the use of wooden beams of the new building or the left beams of the revitalized ceiling, characterized by the fact that the beams / and / are placed on the supporting structure and after nails are driven into them / 3 / the reinforced concrete slab is poured onto them when wet /2/. And 128 494 PL

Claims (2)

Zastrzezenia patentowe 1. Strop zwlaszcza do budynków mieszkalnych, znamienny tym, ze posiada podstawowy element nosny, który stanowia drewniane belki /i/ równolegle do siebie i za¬ mocowane w murze budynku, zespolone z monolityczna zelbetowa plyta ciagla /2/, jedno¬ kierunkowe zbrojona poprzecznie do ukladu belek /i/ i polaczone z plyta /2/ za pomoca gwozdzi /3/ i ewentualnie wrebów, przy czym gwozdzie sa wbite w belki /I/ tak, iz wy¬ stajace konce nie mniejsze niz 0,7 grubosci plyty /2/, sa zabetonowane w plycie /2^.Claims 1. The ceiling, especially for residential buildings, characterized by the fact that it has a basic load-bearing element, which consists of wooden beams / and / parallel to each other and fixed in the wall of the building, composite with a monolithic reinforced concrete continuous slab / 2 /, one-way reinforced transversely to the beam arrangement / and / and connected to the board / 2 / with nails / 3 / and possibly notches, the nails being driven into the beams / I / so, with the protruding ends not less than 0.7 of the board thickness / 2 /, are concreted in the plate / 2 ^. 2. Sposób wykonywania stropu zwlaszcza do budynków mieszkalnych, z zastosowaniem drewnianych belek nowego budynku lub pozostawionych belkach stropu rewaloryzowanego, znamienny tym, ze belki /i/ uklada sie na konstrukcji wsporczej i po wbiciu w nie gwozdzi /3/ wylewa sie na mokro plytV zelbetowa /2/.i 128 494 PLThe method of making the ceiling, especially for residential buildings, with the use of wooden beams of the new building or the left beams of the revitalized ceiling, characterized by the fact that the beams / and / are placed on the supporting structure and after nails are driven into them / 3 / the reinforced concrete slab is poured onto them when wet /2/. And 128 494 PL
PL22336080A 1980-04-09 1980-04-09 Ceiling,in particular for dwelling houses and method of making the same PL128494B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL22336080Q PL223360A2 (en) 1980-04-09 1980-04-03
PL22336080A PL128494B1 (en) 1980-04-09 1980-04-09 Ceiling,in particular for dwelling houses and method of making the same
EP81102539A EP0037567A1 (en) 1980-04-09 1981-04-03 Floor, in particular for apartment buildings, and method of erecting the same

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL22336080A PL128494B1 (en) 1980-04-09 1980-04-09 Ceiling,in particular for dwelling houses and method of making the same

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
PL128494B1 true PL128494B1 (en) 1984-01-31

Family

ID=20002387

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PL22336080Q PL223360A2 (en) 1980-04-09 1980-04-03
PL22336080A PL128494B1 (en) 1980-04-09 1980-04-09 Ceiling,in particular for dwelling houses and method of making the same

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PL22336080Q PL223360A2 (en) 1980-04-09 1980-04-03

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0037567A1 (en)
PL (2) PL223360A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH658281A5 (en) * 1984-08-02 1986-10-31 Robert Haldi CONSTRUCTION WORK.
DE3628973A1 (en) * 1986-08-26 1988-03-03 Wilhelm Patt Roof or floor element with fair-faced-concrete cladding for building construction
EP0432484B1 (en) * 1989-11-16 1994-03-09 SFS Handels Holding AG Fastening element
DE4029134A1 (en) * 1989-11-16 1991-05-23 Stadler Heerbrugg Holding Ag Composite structure of timber beam and concrete slab - has concrete reinforcing bolts screwed into timber beam at acute angle to surface
CH683358A5 (en) * 1991-05-13 1994-02-28 Emil Peter Composite component made of wood and concrete.
CH687397A5 (en) 1992-11-14 1996-11-29 Bettex Fabienne Wood-concrete composite floor.
DE20210714U1 (en) * 2002-07-10 2002-11-21 Bauer, Werner, 98673 Crock Wood-concrete composite element with integrated climate element
JP5930609B2 (en) * 2011-05-24 2016-06-08 株式会社竹中工務店 Beam floor joint structure
CN113187139A (en) * 2021-03-04 2021-07-30 上海应用技术大学 Orthogonal laminated wood-concrete composite floor slab and reinforcing method

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR901600A (en) * 1900-01-01
CH147365A (en) * 1930-07-04 1931-06-15 Schaub Otto Wood-concrete composite.
DE570307C (en) * 1931-03-28 1933-02-14 Daniel Lewin Composite ceiling made of wood and concrete
DE649424C (en) * 1933-09-29 1937-08-23 Rudolf Riedelbauch Dr Securing ceilings against fire and gas floors
CH199696A (en) * 1936-09-19 1938-09-15 Otto Schaub Composite ceiling made of wooden ribs and concrete slab.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0037567A1 (en) 1981-10-14
PL223360A2 (en) 1981-02-27

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