ZA200408993B - Hydroxy tetrahydro naphthalenylurea derivatives - Google Patents
Hydroxy tetrahydro naphthalenylurea derivatives Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200408993B ZA200408993B ZA2004/08993A ZA200408993A ZA200408993B ZA 200408993 B ZA200408993 B ZA 200408993B ZA 2004/08993 A ZA2004/08993 A ZA 2004/08993A ZA 200408993 A ZA200408993 A ZA 200408993A ZA 200408993 B ZA200408993 B ZA 200408993B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- hydroxy
- tetrahydro
- naphthalenyl
- urea
- halogen
- Prior art date
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- GYUVMUDBAKAYON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxy-1-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)urea Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(N(O)C(=O)N)CCCC2=C1 GYUVMUDBAKAYON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 208000027866 inflammatory disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- 206010020853 Hypertonic bladder Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 208000009722 Overactive Urinary Bladder Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 208000020629 overactive bladder Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000000921 Urge Urinary Incontinence Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000004296 neuralgia Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000028867 ischemia Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000000094 Chronic Pain Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000028389 Nerve injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000004550 Postoperative Pain Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002917 arthritic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008764 nerve damage Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004770 neurodegeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000021722 neuropathic pain Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000001119 neuropathy Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007823 neuropathy Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 16
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 9
- 208000014001 urinary system disease Diseases 0.000 claims 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 7
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims 7
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 5
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 5
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims 5
- 208000012931 Urologic disease Diseases 0.000 claims 4
- -1 hydroxy, nitro, carboxy, amino Chemical group 0.000 claims 4
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims 4
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 125000006310 cycloalkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims 3
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 claims 3
- WKCAAKOHOLOYLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)urea Chemical compound C=12CC(O)CCC2=CC=CC=1NC(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 WKCAAKOHOLOYLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 125000005236 alkanoylamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 125000005115 alkyl carbamoyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims 2
- 125000001589 carboacyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims 2
- BZKRLIKMOPTDSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)urea Chemical compound C=12CC(O)CCC2=CC=CC=1NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 BZKRLIKMOPTDSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NCSJGJCMIAUDMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)urea Chemical compound C=12CC(O)CCC2=CC=CC=1NC(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 NCSJGJCMIAUDMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- KZSAMEPOLPWHIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)urea Chemical compound C=12CC(O)CCC2=CC=CC=1NC(=O)NC(C=C1)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 KZSAMEPOLPWHIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BKWQLXANMUVJPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-3-[(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]urea Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(OC)=C1CNC(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=C1CC(O)CC2 BKWQLXANMUVJPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RFPNPBOAGUSKSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea Chemical compound C=12CC(O)CCC2=CC=CC=1NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 RFPNPBOAGUSKSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XGRUYCBYBIOICE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]urea Chemical compound C=12CC(O)CCC2=CC=CC=1NC(=O)NC1=CC=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1 XGRUYCBYBIOICE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VYBKYRULQMVTHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-3-naphthalen-2-ylurea Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(NC(=O)NC=3C=CC=C4CCC(CC4=3)O)=CC=C21 VYBKYRULQMVTHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZIRJJNCBMKJUFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-3-phenylurea Chemical compound C=12CC(O)CCC2=CC=CC=1NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 ZIRJJNCBMKJUFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- CMEWLWUSEGGHPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-3-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)urea Chemical compound C=12CC(O)CCC2=CC=CC=1NC(=O)NCCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 CMEWLWUSEGGHPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- IQPMSDJIRGAEEF-LBPRGKRZSA-N 1-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(7s)-7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl]urea Chemical compound C([C@@H](CC1=2)O)CC1=CC=CC=2NC(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C(C(F)(F)F)=C1 IQPMSDJIRGAEEF-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OWUBXEUPPMCUJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[[3-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-3-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)urea Chemical compound C=12CC(O)CCC2=CC=CC=1NC(=O)NCC1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C(F)=C1 OWUBXEUPPMCUJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- HCKPDNBNIAYECJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-[(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)carbamoylamino]benzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(NC(=O)NC=2C=3CC(O)CCC=3C=CC=2)=C1 HCKPDNBNIAYECJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 108010062740 TRPV Cation Channels Proteins 0.000 description 13
- 102000011040 TRPV Cation Channels Human genes 0.000 description 13
- YKPUWZUDDOIDPM-SOFGYWHQSA-N capsaicin Chemical compound COC1=CC(CNC(=O)CCCC\C=C\C(C)C)=CC=C1O YKPUWZUDDOIDPM-SOFGYWHQSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 206010046543 Urinary incontinence Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 235000017663 capsaicin Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229960002504 capsaicin Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000006545 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010021639 Incontinence Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000006011 Stroke Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 3
- XIQVNETUBQGFHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ditropan Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)(C(=O)OCC#CCN(CC)CC)C1CCCCC1 XIQVNETUBQGFHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000012902 Nervous system disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000025966 Neurological disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010066218 Stress Urinary Incontinence Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010025083 TRPV1 receptor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010013781 dry mouth Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000006417 multiple sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000001640 nerve ending Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003594 spinal ganglia Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Chemical compound COC1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1O MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OJYLAHXKWMRDGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N zingerone Chemical compound COC1=CC(CCC(C)=O)=CC=C1O OJYLAHXKWMRDGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWHNMSJGYKMTRB-KXYUELECSA-N (2r,3r)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;2-[(1r)-3-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]-1-phenylpropyl]-4-methylphenol Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O.C1([C@@H](CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C)C=2C(=CC=C(C)C=2)O)=CC=CC=C1 TWHNMSJGYKMTRB-KXYUELECSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMNGOGILVBLKAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1O.COC1=CC=CC=C1O OMNGOGILVBLKAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YYSCJLLOWOUSHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-disulfanyldibutanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCSSCCCC(O)=O YYSCJLLOWOUSHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010003210 Arteriosclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aspirin Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010069632 Bladder dysfunction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008534 Capsicum annuum var annuum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002568 Capsicum frutescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108091005462 Cation channels Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091006146 Channels Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010010774 Constipation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010012289 Dementia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940121948 Muscarinic receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101710138657 Neurotoxin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000018737 Parkinson disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVWYOYDLCMFIEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propantheline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C(C)C)C(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 VVWYOYDLCMFIEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLBIBBZXLMYSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propantheline bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C(C)C)C(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 XLBIBBZXLMYSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001247145 Sebastes goodei Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940122695 Vanilloid agonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010047571 Visual impairment Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003766 afferent neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008485 antagonism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001078 anti-cholinergic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000011775 arteriosclerosis disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000005056 cell body Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000812 cholinergic antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000779 depleting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000586 desensitisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940076405 detrol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000005577 familial hyperlipidemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002757 inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002483 medication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000028161 membrane depolarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003767 neural control Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003961 neuronal insult Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002581 neurotoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000618 neurotoxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002858 neurotransmitter agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003957 neurotransmitter release Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960005434 oxybutynin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005037 parasympathetic nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940099209 probanthine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000697 propantheline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009158 reflex pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000016160 smooth muscle contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002048 spasmolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000020431 spinal cord injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003553 tolterodine tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DKZBBWMURDFHNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-coniferylaldehyde Natural products COC1=CC(C=CC=O)=CC=C1O DKZBBWMURDFHNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001170 unmyelinated nerve fiber Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000012141 vanillin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Natural products COC1=CC(O)=CC(C=O)=C1 FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004393 visual impairment Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C275/00—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C275/28—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of urea groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton
- C07C275/32—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of urea groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton being further substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- A61K31/17—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having the group >N—C(O)—N< or >N—C(S)—N<, e.g. urea, thiourea, carmustine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C275/00—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C275/28—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of urea groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton
- C07C275/40—Derivatives of urea, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of urea groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton being further substituted by nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
. ’ : _ 1 - | -
The present invention relates to hydroxy-tetrahydro-naphthalenylurea derivatives which are useful as an active ingredient of pharmaceutical preparations. The hydroxy-tetrahydro-naphthalenylurea derivatives of the present invention has vanilloid receptor (VR) antagonistic activity, and can be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with VR1 activity, in particular for the treatment of urge urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, : postoperative pain, theumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration, stroke, incontinence and/or inflammatory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Urinary incontinence (UI) is the involuntary loss of urine. Urge urinary incontinence (UUD) is one of the most common types of UI together with stress urinary incon- tinence (SUI) which is usually caused by a defect in the urethral closure mechanism.
UUT is often associated with neurological disorders or diseases causing neuronal damages such as dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke and diabetes, although it also occurs in individuals with no such disorders. One of the usual causes of UUI is overactive bladder (OAB) which is a medical condition referring to the symptoms of frequency and urgency derived from abnormal contractions and instability of the detrusor muscle.
There are several medications for urinary incontinence on the market today mainly to help treating UUIL Therapy for OAB is focused on drugs that affect peripheral neural control mechanisms or those that act directly on bladder detrusor smooth muscle contraction, with a major emphasis on development of anticholinergic agents. These
. ~ agents can inhibit the parasympathetic nerves which control bladder voiding or can exert a direct spasmolytic effect on the detrusor muscle of the bladder. This results in a decrease in intravesicular pressure, an increase in capacity and a reduction in the frequency of bladder contraction. Orally active anticholinergic drugs such as \ propantheline (ProBanthine), tolterodine tartrate (Detrol) and oxybutynin (Ditropan) are the most commonly prescribed drugs. However, their most serious drawbacks are unacceptable side effects such as dry mouth, abnormal visions, constipation, and central nervous system disturbances. These side effects lead to poor compliance. Dry mouth symptoms alone are responsible for a 70% non-compliance rate with oxybutynin. The inadequacies of present therapies highlight the need for novel, "efficacious, safe, orally available drugs that have fewer side effects.
BACKGROUND ART | | oo
Vanilloid compounds are characterized by the presence of a vanillyl group or a functionally equivalent group. Examples of several vanilloid compounds or vanilloid receptor modulators are vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde)] guaiacol (2- methoxy-phenol), zingerone (4-/4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl/-2-butanon), eugenol- (2-methoxy4-/2-propenyl/phenol), . and capsaicin (8-methy-N-vanillyl-6-nonene- amide).
Among others, capsaicin, the main pungent ingredient in "hot" chili peppers, is a specific neurotoxin that desensitizes C-fiber afferent neurons. Capsaicin interacts with vanilloid receptors (VR1), which are predominantly expressed in cell bodies of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) or nerve endings of afferent sensory fibers including C- fiber nerve endings [Tominaga M, Caterina MJ, Malmberg AB, Rosen TA, Gilbert
H, Skinner K, Raumann BE, Basbaum Al, Julius D: The cloned capsaicin receptor . integrates multiple pain-producing stimuli. Neuron. 21: 531-543, 1998]. The VR1 receptor was recently cloned [Caterina MJ, Schumacher MA, Tominaga M, Rosen )
TA, Levine JD, Julius D: Nature 389: 816-824, (1997)] and identified as a nonselective cation channel with six transmembrane domains that is structurally
. related to the TRP (transient receptor potential) channel family. Binding of capsaicin . . to VR1 allows sodium, calcium and possibly potassium ions to flow down their concentration gradients, causing initial depolarization and release of neuro- . transmitters from the nerve terminals. VRI can therefore be viewed as a molecular integrator of chemical and physical stimuli that elicit neuronal signals In a pathological conditions or diseases.
There are abundant of direct or indirect evidence that shows the relation between
VRI activity and diseases such as pain, ischaemia, and inflammatory (e.g., WO 99/00115 and 00/50387). Further, it has been demonstrated that VR1 transduce reflex signals that are involved in the overactive bladder of patients who have damaged or abnormal spinal reflex pathways [De Groat WC: A neurologic basis for the overactive bladder. Urology 50 (6A Suppl): 36-52, 1997]. Desensitisation of the afferent nerves by depleting neurotransmitters using VR agonists such as capsaicin has been shown to give promising results in the treatment of bladder dysfunction - associated with spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis [(Maggi CA: Therapeutic potential of capsaicin-like molecules - Studies in animals and humans. Life Sciences 51: 1777-1781, 1992) and (DeRidder D; Chandiramani V; Dasgupta P; VanPoppel
H; Baert L; Fowler CJ: Intravesical capsaicin as a treatment for refractory detrusor hyperreflexia: A dual center study with long-term followup. J. Urol. 158: 2087- 2092, 1997)].
It is anticipated that antagonism of the VR1 receptor would lead to the blockage of neurotransmitter release. resulting in prophylaxis and treatment of the condition and diseases associated with VR1 activity. . It is therefore expected that antagonists of the VR1 receptor can be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of the condition and diseases including chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropa- thies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration, stroke, incontinence,
. inflammatory disorders such as asthma and COPD, urinary incontinence (UI) such as urge urinary incontinence (UUI), and/or overactive bladder.
WO 00/50387 discloses the compounds having a vanilloid agonist activity repre- , sented by the general formula:
RY
H o
REO * ~N" OCH, : Pp oo OR” } wherein; x* is an oxygen or sulfur atom;
A? is -NHCH,- or -CHz-;
R® is a substituted or unsubstituted C,.4 alkyl group, or R*'CO-; : wherein
R* is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; a.
R® is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy : group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a haloalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a halogen atom; :
RS is ahydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atom, an aminoalkyl, . a diacid monoester or a-alkyl acid; and . the asteric mark * indicates a chiral carbon atom, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. © WO 2000/61581 discloses amine derivatives represented by the general formula: ’ rR’ Rr"
NH
NH Hs
O N._ CH; O ogo nt
N CH, os S
N— wherein
R’.R”) represent (F, F), (CFs, H), or (iPr, iPr) as useful agents for diabetes, hyperlipemia, arteriosclerosis and cancer. : ‘ WO 00/75106 discloses the compounds represented by the general formula:
~ or xl
J
NH . 0
N-Z ’
RY
= NT o
TR
NGF wherein
Z represents 0
JQ
H,N—(CH,) 6 HN" (CH) = 0 rR
PY N
HN (CH,) w6—— or 257 hd i
OH 0 in which a: Ca . . . .wG
Ris hydrogen, Ci; alkyl. Cie cycloalkyl. or the like, end R7 1s amino-C..s alkyl, aminocarbonyl-C:.¢ aixyi, or 2vdroxyamino- carbony! C..s alkyvi: and 92 . : oo. . . ~ . Lo. I
R™ and R°" are independently selected for the group consisting of H.
C... av]. C.e alkyvlhio. Cie alkoxy. fluore, chloro. bromo, 13 iodo. anc nitre: ‘ as useful agents for treaung MMP-mediated diseases in manmals.
a. , X
Aro A AL
H H wherein :
Ar, is heterocycle;
An is tetrahydronapthy; and
L and Q are defined in this specification; as useful agents for treating inflammation, immune related disease, pain and diabetes.
However, none of these reference discloses simple hydroxy-tetrahydro-naphthalenyl- urea derivatives having VR1 antagonistic activity.
The development of a compound which has effective VR! antagonistic activity and can be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with VRI activity, in particular for the treatment of urinary incontinence, urge ummary —. incontinence, overactive bladder as well as pain, and/or inflammatory diseases such as asthma and COPD has been desired.
Claims (1)
- } | -87- Claims Co1. A hydroxy-tetrahydro-naphthalenylurea derivative of the formula (I), its ‘ tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof:5 . 0 J X HNT NT H : HO Z' ey) 72 wherein ‘ X represents Cg alkyl, 10 1 R? rR R? Jf 7 , or in which 13 Y represents a direct bond, pa i il La a ) , or R* R°® R!, R? and R? independently represent hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, carboxy, amino, Ci.s alkylamino, di(Cis alkyl)amino,Css cycloalkylamino, C;s alkoxycarbonyl, phenyl, benzyl, sulfonamide, C,.s alkanoyl, Ci. alkanoylamino, carbamoyl, . : Ci.¢ alkylcarbamoyl, cyano, C.¢ alkyl optionally substituted by cyano, Cy alkoxycarbonyl or-mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, C,.¢ ’ alkoxy optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen, phenoxy optionally substituted by halogen or C,.¢ alkyl, or Cy. : alkylthio optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen; RY, R35, R® and R’ independently represent hydrogen, C,. alkyl or phenyl; oo z! represents hydrogen or C,.¢ alkyl; and : A represents hydrogen, halogen or C;.¢ alkyl. | : C2 The hydroxy-tetrahydro-naphthalenylurea derivative of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein ‘ X represents Co 1 R2 | Rr . ) : R? R3 Ny vy i. , or : : | : in which : 'Y represents a direct bond, or. RS * ~ RY, R? and R® independently represent hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, | nitro, carboxyl, amino, Cj. alkylamino, di(C).¢ alkyl)amino, Css cycloalkylamino, C, alkoxycarbonyl, phenyl, benzyl, sulfonamide, Ci alkanoyl, Ci¢ alkanoylamino, carbamoyl,Ci.¢ alkylcarbamoyl, cyano, Cj alkyl optionally substituted by cyano, C; alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, Ci - alkoxy optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen, phenoxy optionally substituted by halogen or Cy alkyl, or Cy. . alkylthio optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen; R* and R® independently represent hydrogen or Cig alkyl; and oo Z! and Z? each represent hydrogen. 3 The hydroxy-tetrahydro-naphthalenylurea derivauve of the formula (I), its rautomeric or stereoisomeric IOTm. Or a sait thereof as claimed in claim 1. wherein X represents oC1] . R2 \ rR . R? R3 RS , Or in which Y © represents a direct bond or RS - A R - R!, R? and R® independently represent hydrogen, halogen, di(C,¢ : : alkyl)amino, Cs. cycloalkylamino, Ci.¢ alkoxycarbonyl, Ci. B alkyl optionally substituted by cyano, C1. alkoxycarbonyl or mono-, di-, or tri-halogen, C,. alkoxy optionally substituted by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen, phenoxy optionally substituted, by halogen or Cy. alkyl, or Cy. alkylthio optionally substituted : Sa by mono-, di-, or tri- halogen; . oo oo Rand R’ each represent hydrogen; and~ oo no © Z'and 7? each represent hydrogen. Co- 4. The hydroxy-tetrahydro-naphthalenylurea derivative of the formula @), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a salt thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein X represents | oo 1 R2 } . | ; 2a Ny~ in which . Y represents a direct bond or iy A R in which oo : R! and R? independently represent hydrogen, chloro, bromo, fluoro, cyclopentylamino, trifluoromethyl, or trifluoromethoxy; . oo rR? ,R% and R® each represent hydrogen; and Z' and 7? each represent hydrogen. : | | Co ooS. The hydroxy-tetrahydro-naphthalenylurea denivative of the formula M, its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form. or a salt thereof as claimed in claims 1, wherein : X represents mE r . R> ~~ =? in which : Y represents a direct bond orR° - in which R! and R? independently represent hydrogen, chloro, bromo, fluoro, cyclopentylamino, trifluoromethyl, or trifluoromethoxy; R?, R* and R® each represent hydrogen; and ] Z! and Z? each represent hydrogen. -6. A hydroxy-tetrahydro-naphthalenylurea derivative of the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoilsomeric form, or a salt thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein said hydroxy-tetrahydro-naphthalenylurea derivative of the formula15. | (I) 1s selected from the group consisting of: N-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl}-N'-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1- naphthalenyl)urea; | Co N-(3-chlorophenyl)-N'-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)urea; N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)-N'-[3-(trifluoromethyl)- phenyl]urea; : N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)-N'-[4-(trifluoromethyl)- phenyljurea; Ethyl 3-({[(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)amino]carbonyl} - amino)benzoate; - N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)-N'-(1-naphthyl)urea; : N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)-N'-(2-naphthyl)urea; N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N'-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)- urea;N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)-N'-(4-isopropylphenyljurea; ] oo N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- 1-naphthalenyl)-N'-(4-phenoxyphenyl)urea; N-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N'-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1- . naphthalenyljurea;N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- 1-naphthalenyl)-N'-phenylurea; oo N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N'-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)urea; N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)-N'-[2-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyllurea; N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)-N'-[4-(trifluoromethyl)- phenyljurea;. N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N'-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)- urea; B . N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)-N'-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)- phenyl]urea; | N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)-N'-[4-(tr1 fluoromethoxy)- ‘benzyl]urea; Co N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- 1-naphthalenyl)-N'-(2,4,6-trimethoxy- benzyl)urea; : | a N-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)-N'-(7-hydroxy-3,6,7.8-tetrahvdro- 1 -naphthalenyl)- urea; N-(7-hvdroxy-5,6,7.8-tewrahvdre- 1 -naphthalenv!)-N'-T 4-(irifluoromethv!)- benzyljurea, N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl)-N'-i 4-(trifluoromethoxy)- benzyllurea; : . oo N-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-N'-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- 1- naphthalenyl)urea; and N-[3-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-N'-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1- naphthalenyl)urea.7. A hydroxy-tetrahydro-naphthalenylurea derivative of thse formula {@, . wherein said Bydroxy-tetrahydro-naphthalenylurea derivative of the formula (I) 1s selected from the group consisting of: ’ N-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N'-[(7S)-7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetra- hydro-1-naphthalenyl]urea; N-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl}-N'-[(7R)-7-hydroky-5,6,7,8-tetra- hydro-1-naphthalenylJurea; oo N-[(7R)-7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl]-N'-[4-(trifluoro- methyl)benzyljurea; N-[(78)-7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- 1-naphthalenyl]-N'-[4-(trifluoro- : methyl)benzyl)urea; . N-[(7R)-7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl]-N'-[4~(trifluoro- methoxy)benzyl]urea; and . ) B - N-[(7S)-7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl}-N-[4-(trifluoro- methoxy)benzy]urea. | Co 8 A medicament comprising hydroxy-tetrahydro-naphthalenylurea denivative of . 20 the formula (I), its tautomeric or stereoisomeric form, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof as claimed in claim 1 as an active ingredient.-9. The medicament as claimed. in claim 8, further comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.10. The medicament as claimed in claim 8, wherein said hydroxy-tetrahydro- naphthalenylurea derivative of the formula @, its tautomeric or stereo- ’ isomeric form, or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof is a VRI antagonist.oo oo -95-11. The medicament as claimed in claim 8 for the treatment and/or prevention of an urological disorder or disease. : [l ) ) . 12. The medicament as claimed in claim 11, wherein said urological disorder or disease is urge urinary incontinence or overactive bladder.13. The medicament as claimed in claim 8 for the treatment and/or prevention of pain.14. The medicament as claimed in claim 13, wherein said pain is chronic pain, oo neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, or rheumatoid arthritic pain.15. The medicament as claimed in claim 8 for the treatment and/or prevention of a disorder or disease related to pain. SE :16. The medicament as claimed mn claim 15, wherein said disorder or disease ~ related to pain is neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration, or stroke.17. The medicament as claimed in claim § for the treatment and/or prevention of ar inflammatory disorder or disease.18. The medicament as claimed in claim 17. wherein said inflammatory disorder or disease 1s asthma or COPD.16. Use of compounds according to claim 1 for manufacturing a medicament for . | the treatment and/or prevention of an urological disorder or disease. ’ 20. Use of compounds according to claim 1 for manufacturing a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of pain. :21. Use of compounds according to claim 1 for manufacturing a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of an inflammatory disorder or disease. .22. Process for controlling an urological disorder or disease in humans and )5. . amimals by administration of a VR1-antagonisticly effective amount of at least one compound according to claim 1.23. Process for controlling pain in humans and animals by administration of a VR1-antagonisticly effective amount of at least one compound according to claim 1. oo24. Process for controlling an inflammatory disorder or disease in humans and animals by administration of a VR1-antagonisticly effective amount of at least one compound according to claim I. : To EE
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GBGB0210512.0A GB0210512D0 (en) | 2002-05-08 | 2002-05-08 | Tetrahydro-napthalene derivatives |
GBGB0227262.3A GB0227262D0 (en) | 2002-05-08 | 2002-11-21 | Tetrahydro-naphthalene derivatives |
PCT/EP2003/004395 WO2003095420A1 (en) | 2002-05-08 | 2003-04-28 | Hydroxy tetrahydro-naphthalenylurea derivatives |
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AR (1) | AR039983A1 (en) |
CU (1) | CU23422B7 (en) |
DO (1) | DOP2003000642A (en) |
EC (1) | ECSP045413A (en) |
GB (2) | GB0210512D0 (en) |
GT (1) | GT200300102A (en) |
MA (1) | MA30728B1 (en) |
MY (1) | MY155011A (en) |
PE (1) | PE20040363A1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1506167E (en) |
UA (1) | UA77301C2 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200408993B (en) |
-
2002
- 2002-05-08 GB GBGB0210512.0A patent/GB0210512D0/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-11-21 GB GBGB0227262.3A patent/GB0227262D0/en not_active Ceased
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2003
- 2003-04-28 KR KR1020047017969A patent/KR101000688B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-04-28 PT PT03722554T patent/PT1506167E/en unknown
- 2003-04-28 UA UA20041210079A patent/UA77301C2/en unknown
- 2003-05-05 GT GT200300102A patent/GT200300102A/en unknown
- 2003-05-06 MY MYPI20031696A patent/MY155011A/en unknown
- 2003-05-07 PE PE2003000445A patent/PE20040363A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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- 2003-05-08 AR ARP030101614A patent/AR039983A1/en active IP Right Grant
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DOP2003000642A (en) | 2003-11-15 |
CU23422B7 (en) | 2009-09-08 |
ECSP045413A (en) | 2005-01-03 |
GB0210512D0 (en) | 2002-06-19 |
PT1506167E (en) | 2007-12-10 |
UA77301C2 (en) | 2006-11-15 |
GT200300102A (en) | 2004-03-17 |
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GB0227262D0 (en) | 2002-12-31 |
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