WO2026009604A1 - 冷凍装置、冷媒漏洩判定方法、およびプログラム - Google Patents
冷凍装置、冷媒漏洩判定方法、およびプログラムInfo
- Publication number
- WO2026009604A1 WO2026009604A1 PCT/JP2025/019127 JP2025019127W WO2026009604A1 WO 2026009604 A1 WO2026009604 A1 WO 2026009604A1 JP 2025019127 W JP2025019127 W JP 2025019127W WO 2026009604 A1 WO2026009604 A1 WO 2026009604A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- condition
- controller
- carbon dioxide
- air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
- F24F11/36—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to leakage of heat-exchange fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
- F25D11/003—Transport containers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
- F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
- F25D17/042—Air treating means within refrigerated spaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
- F25B2500/222—Detecting refrigerant leaks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/11—Fan speed control
- F25B2600/112—Fan speed control of evaporator fans
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/195—Pressures of the condenser
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/197—Pressures of the evaporator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a refrigeration device, a refrigerant leak detection method, and a program.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a refrigeration system that uses carbon dioxide as a refrigerant and operates in a refrigeration cycle.
- the refrigeration system has a sensor that detects the carbon dioxide concentration inside the container. If refrigerant leaks from the refrigeration system's refrigeration circuit and the sensor's detected value exceeds a predetermined value, a display device notifies the operator.
- the purpose of this disclosure is to prevent false detection of refrigerant leaks due to respiration in fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
- the first aspect relates to a refrigeration system.
- the refrigeration system includes a refrigerant circuit (R) having a compressor (25), a radiator (26), an expansion mechanism (31), and an evaporator (29) and performing a refrigeration cycle using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, a sensor (63) for detecting the carbon dioxide concentration in the interior space (3) cooled by the evaporator (29), and a controller (100).
- the controller (100) selectively performs a first operation for determining whether a refrigerant leaks based on the value detected by the sensor (63), and a second operation for determining whether a refrigerant leaks based on the operating state of the refrigerant circuit (R).
- the controller (100) selectively executes a first operation and a second operation.
- the controller (100) determines whether or not there is a refrigerant leak based on the operating state of the refrigerant circuit (R), and is therefore not affected by the respiration of the fruit, vegetable, or flower. Therefore, by executing the second operation in accordance with predetermined conditions, it is possible to determine whether or not there is a refrigerant leak without being affected by the respiration of the fruit, vegetable, or flower.
- the controller (100) determines whether a first condition indicating the presence of fruits, vegetables, or flowers in the interior space (3) is met. If the first condition is met, the controller (100) performs a second operation, and if the first condition is not met, the controller (100) performs a first operation.
- the controller (100) performs the second operation when a first condition is met, which indicates that fruit, vegetables, or flowers are present in the interior space (3). This makes it possible to determine whether a refrigerant leaks without being affected by the respiration of the fruit, vegetables, or flowers.
- the controller (100) performs the first operation when the first condition is not met, i.e., when there are no fruits, vegetables, or flowers in the interior space (3).
- the carbon dioxide concentration in the interior space (3) does not increase due to respiration by the fruits, vegetables, or flowers, so the sensor (63) can quickly determine whether there is a refrigerant leak.
- the third aspect is the second aspect, further comprising an adjustment device (50) that adjusts the composition of the air in the interior space (3).
- the air composition in the interior space (3) can be adjusted by the adjustment device (50).
- the controller (100) determines that refrigerant has leaked when a second condition is met in which the detected value of the sensor (63) is greater than the control range of the carbon dioxide concentration in the internal space (3) during the adjustment operation.
- the controller (100) determines that a refrigerant leak has occurred. This is because when the carbon dioxide concentration in the internal space (3) exceeds the control range of the adjustment operation, there is an extremely high possibility that a refrigerant leak has occurred.
- a fifth aspect is the third or fourth aspect, wherein the first condition includes a condition in which the adjustment device (50) is in the adjustment operation.
- the condition that the adjustment device (50) is performing an adjustment operation is used as the first condition indicating the presence of fruit, vegetables, or flowers in the internal space (3). This is because when the adjustment device (50) is performing an adjustment operation, there is a high possibility that fruit, vegetables, or flowers are present in the internal space (3).
- a sixth aspect is any one of the second to fifth aspects, wherein the first condition includes a condition in which the set temperature of the air in the interior space (3) is higher than a predetermined temperature that is lower than 0°C.
- the first condition indicating the presence of fruits, vegetables, or flowers in the internal space (3) is that the set temperature of the air in the internal space (3) is higher than a predetermined temperature lower than 0°C. This is because when fruits, vegetables, or flowers are stored in the internal space (3), it is likely that the set temperature will be relatively high in order to maintain their quality.
- a seventh aspect is any one of the second to sixth aspects, wherein the first condition includes a condition in which the rate of decrease in the oxygen concentration in the interior space (3) is greater than a predetermined value.
- the first condition indicating the presence of fruits, vegetables, or flowers in the interior space (3) is that the rate of decrease in the oxygen concentration in the interior space (3) is greater than a predetermined value. This is because when fruits, vegetables, or flowers are present in the interior space (3), they consume oxygen in the interior space (3), causing the rate of decrease in the oxygen concentration to increase.
- An eighth aspect is any one of the second to seventh aspects, wherein the first condition includes a condition in which information indicating that the items stored in the internal space (3) are fruits, vegetables, or flowers has been input to the controller (100), or a condition in which the ethylene concentration in the internal space (3) is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, or a condition indicating that the amount of moisture generated in the internal space (3) is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, or a condition indicating that the cooling load on the internal space (3) has increased.
- the first condition includes a condition in which information indicating that the items stored in the internal space (3) are fruits, vegetables, or flowers has been input to the controller (100). This information is input because fruits, vegetables, or flowers are being stored in the internal space (3).
- the first condition includes a condition that the ethylene concentration in the interior space (3) is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. This is because the ethylene concentration in the interior space (3) increases when fruits or vegetables are present in the interior space (3).
- the first condition includes a condition indicating that the amount of moisture generated in the interior space (3) is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. This is because moisture is generated in the interior space (3) when the fruits, vegetables, or flowers in the interior space (3) breathe.
- the first condition includes a condition indicating that the cooling load of the interior space (3) has increased. This is because when the fruits, vegetables, and flowers in the interior space (3) respire, respiratory heat is generated in the interior space (3), increasing the cooling load of the interior space (3).
- the controller (100) determines that refrigerant has leaked if the rate of increase in the detected value of the sensor (63) is greater than a predetermined value when the adjustment device (50) is not performing an adjustment operation.
- the controller (100) determines that refrigerant has leaked when the adjustment operation is not being performed and the rate of increase in the carbon dioxide concentration detected by the sensor (63) is greater than a predetermined value. This is because if refrigerant leaks when the adjustment operation is not being performed, the carbon dioxide concentration will rise sharply.
- the refrigeration system (10) further includes an internal fan (30) that transports air in the internal space (3).
- the controller (100) operates the internal fan (30) and determines whether a refrigerant leaks based on the detection value of the sensor (63).
- the controller (100) determines whether or not there is a refrigerant leak based on the detection value of the sensor (63). Therefore, even if there is a refrigerant leak in the refrigerant circuit (R) when the refrigeration device (10) is in an OFF state, this can be determined promptly.
- An eleventh aspect is any one of the first to tenth aspects, wherein, in the second operation, the controller (100) determines whether or not there is a refrigerant leak based on the pressure of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit (R), the temperature of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit (R), or the opening of the expansion valve (31) serving as an expansion mechanism.
- refrigerant leakage can be determined based on such an index relating to the operating state of the refrigerant circuit (R) without being affected by the respiration of fruits, vegetables, or flowers.
- the refrigeration apparatus further includes a ventilation unit (40, 50) that performs a ventilation operation to ventilate the interior space (3).
- the controller (100) causes the ventilation unit (40, 50) to perform the ventilation operation.
- the ventilation unit (40, 50) when a refrigerant leak is determined, the ventilation unit (40, 50) performs a ventilation operation, thereby quickly reducing the carbon dioxide concentration in the interior space (3).
- a thirteenth aspect is a method for determining a refrigerant leak in a refrigeration system including a refrigerant circuit (R) having a compressor (25), a radiator (26), an expansion mechanism (31), and an evaporator (29) and performing a refrigeration cycle using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, and a sensor (63) for detecting the carbon dioxide concentration in an interior space (3) cooled by the evaporator (29).
- the refrigerant leak determination method selectively performs a first operation for determining a refrigerant leak based on a value detected by the sensor (63), and a second operation for determining a refrigerant leak based on the operating state of the refrigerant circuit (R).
- a fourteenth aspect is a program for causing a computer to execute the refrigerant leak detection method of the thirteenth aspect.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a container refrigeration unit according to an embodiment, as seen from the front.
- FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a container refrigeration unit.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the main components of the container refrigeration system.
- FIG. 4 is a piping diagram of a container refrigeration unit.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the basic control of the refrigerant leakage detection method.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for determining whether the first condition is met.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method for determining refrigerant leakage when the container refrigeration unit is turned on.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart of the basic control of the refrigerant leakage determination method according to the second modification.
- the container refrigeration unit (10) is provided in a container (1).
- the container (1) is used for marine transportation.
- the container (1) is a refrigerated container that cools the air inside the container (1).
- the container (1) has a container body (2) and a container refrigeration unit (10).
- the container body (2) stores objects.
- the objects include fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
- the container refrigeration unit (10) of this embodiment has a function of adjusting the composition of the air inside the container (1).
- a front opening (4) is formed in the front of the container body (2).
- the container refrigeration unit (10) is attached to the container body (2) so as to close the front opening (4).
- the container refrigeration unit (10) has a cooling unit (U), a ventilation unit (40), and an adjustment unit (50).
- the cooling unit (U) cools the air in the interior space (3) of the container body (2).
- the ventilation unit (40) ventilates the interior space (3).
- the adjustment unit (50) adjusts the composition of the air in the interior space (3).
- the cooling unit (U) has a casing (11), an internal fan (30), an external fan (27), and a refrigerant circuit (R).
- the refrigerant circuit (R) mainly has a compressor (25), an external heat exchanger (26), an expansion valve (31) as an expansion mechanism, and an internal heat exchanger (29).
- the refrigerant circuit (R) performs a refrigeration cycle using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant.
- the casing (11) constitutes a lid for the front opening (4) of the container body (2).
- the casing (11) has a casing body (12) and a partition plate (13).
- the casing body (12) separates the external space (5) from the internal space (3).
- the partition plate (13) is located on the back side (rear side) of the casing (11).
- the casing body (12) has a flat plate portion (12a) and a recessed portion (12b).
- the flat plate portion (12a) is formed on the upper part of the casing body (12) so as to be substantially flush with the front opening (4) of the casing (11).
- an inspection window (22) is provided in the flat plate portion (12a).
- the inspection window (22) is located on the right side of the flat plate portion (12a).
- the inspection window (22) is a transparent window for checking the inside of the casing body (12).
- the recess (12b) is formed in the lower part of the casing (11).
- the recess (12b) is recessed rearward from the lower end of the flat plate portion (12a).
- An external storage space (14) is formed in front of the recess (12b).
- An internal storage space (15) is formed above the recess (12b) and between the flat plate portion (12a) and the partition plate (13).
- the lower end of the recess (12b) forms the bottom plate (12c).
- the bottom plate (12c) extends to both the left and right ends of the casing body (12).
- the partition plate (13) is a plate-like member located behind the recessed portion (12b).
- the partition plate (13) extends in the vertical direction so as to be spaced a predetermined distance from the rear surface of the recessed portion (12b).
- An internal passageway (16), through which internal air flows, is formed between the casing body (12) and the partition plate (13).
- An inlet port (20) is formed between the upper end of the partition plate (13) and the upper wall (2a) of the container body (2).
- the inlet port (20) connects the internal space (3) to the inlet end of the internal passageway (16).
- An outlet port (21) is formed between the lower end of the partition plate (13) and the lower wall (2b) of the container body (2).
- the outlet port (21) connects the internal space (3) to the outlet end of the internal passageway (16).
- the compressor (25) is installed on the bottom plate (12c) of the casing (11).
- the compressor (25) is disposed near the bottom of the external storage space (14).
- the compressor (25) is disposed near the right of the external storage space (14).
- the external fan (27) is located near the top of the external storage space (14).
- the external fan (27) is composed of a propeller fan. As shown in Figure 2, an external passage (28) through which external air flows is formed on the back side of the external fan (27).
- the external heat exchanger (26) is disposed above the compressor (25) in the external storage space (14).
- the external heat exchanger (26) is located in the external passage (28).
- the external heat exchanger (26) is a fin-and-tube type heat exchanger.
- the in-compartment heat exchanger (29) is supported by the casing (11) so as to span the casing body (12) and the partition plate (13).
- the in-compartment heat exchanger (29) is a fin-and-tube heat exchanger.
- the cooling unit (U) has a refrigerant circuit (R).
- the compressor (25) compresses the refrigerant that it draws in.
- the compressor (25) discharges the compressed refrigerant.
- a discharge pipe (32) is connected to the discharge portion of the compressor (25).
- a suction pipe (33) is connected to the suction portion of the compressor (25).
- An accumulator (34) is provided in the suction pipe (33).
- the accumulator (34) is a container that stores liquid refrigerant.
- the external heat exchanger (26) exchanges heat between the refrigerant flowing therethrough and the external air.
- the gas end of the external heat exchanger (26) communicates with the discharge pipe (32).
- the liquid end of the external heat exchanger (26) is connected to the liquid end of the internal heat exchanger (29) via the liquid pipe (35).
- the external heat exchanger (26) functions as a radiator (condenser) that radiates heat from the refrigerant to the air.
- the expansion valve (31) is provided in the liquid pipe (35).
- the expansion valve (31) is an expansion mechanism that reduces the pressure of high-pressure refrigerant to low-pressure refrigerant.
- the expansion valve (31) is an electronic expansion valve with an adjustable opening.
- the expansion mechanism may be a capillary tube or an expander.
- a receiver (36) is provided in the liquid pipe (35) between the external heat exchanger (26) and the expansion valve (31).
- the receiver (36) is a container that stores excess refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit (R).
- the internal heat exchanger (29) exchanges heat between the refrigerant flowing therethrough and the internal air.
- the gas end of the internal heat exchanger (29) communicates with the suction pipe (33).
- the internal heat exchanger (29) functions as an evaporator in which the refrigerant absorbs heat from the air, cooling the internal air in the internal space (3).
- Ventilation Device The ventilation device (40) performs a ventilation operation to ventilate the internal space (3) of the container body (2).
- the ventilation device (40) of this embodiment has an air supply function to supply external air to the internal space (3) and an exhaust function to discharge the internal air to the external space (5).
- the ventilation device (40) is disposed on the left side of the flat plate portion (12a) of the casing body (12). As shown in FIG. 2, the ventilation device (40) is provided in a ventilation mounting opening (6) formed on the front surface of the casing body (12). The ventilation mounting opening (6) penetrates the casing body (12) from front to rear.
- An air supply passage (41) and an exhaust passage (42) are formed inside the ventilation device (40).
- the air supply passage (41) and the exhaust passage (42) communicate between the internal space (3) and the external space (5).
- the inlet end of the air supply passage (41) communicates with the external space (5).
- the outlet end of the air supply passage (41) communicates with the primary side (upstream side) of the internal fan (30) in the internal passage (16).
- the inlet end of the exhaust passage (42) communicates with the secondary side (downstream side) of the internal fan (30) in the internal passage (16).
- the outlet end of the exhaust passage (42) communicates with the external space (5).
- the ventilation device (40) has a ventilation fan.
- the ventilation fan is configured by the above-described internal fan (30).
- the internal fan (30) serves both as the ventilation device (40) and the cooling unit (U).
- the internal fan (30) is driven, outside air from the external space (5) is supplied to the internal space (3) through the air supply passage (41). At the same time, the internal air from the internal space (3) is exhausted to the external space (5) through the exhaust passage (42).
- An air supply communication port (41a) is formed at the end of the air supply passage (41) facing the external space (5).
- An air exhaust communication port (42a) is formed at the end of the air exhaust passage (42) facing the external space (5).
- the ventilation device (40) has a motor (43), a drive shaft (44) that is rotationally driven by the motor (43), and an open/close lid (45) that is connected to the drive shaft (44).
- the motor (43) is a stepping motor.
- the drive shaft (44) is directly connected to the motor (43).
- the open-close lid (45) is provided in front of the drive shaft (44).
- the open-close lid (45) is configured to be rotatable around the axis of the drive shaft (44).
- the open-close lid (45) opens and closes the air supply passage (41) and the exhaust passage (42) according to its rotation angle.
- the regulating device (50) regulates the composition of the air in the internal space (3). Specifically, the regulating device (50) performs a regulating operation to regulate the oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, and nitrogen concentration of the air in the internal space (3). As shown schematically in FIG. 2 , the regulating device (50) is disposed in the external storage space (14) of the casing (11). The regulating device (50) has a supply path (51), an exhaust path (52), an air pump (53), and a PSA device (54).
- the supply path (51) is a flow path for introducing outside air into the internal space (3).
- the inlet end of the supply path (51) opens to the external space (5).
- the outlet end of the supply path (51) communicates with the internal space (3).
- the exhaust path (52) is a flow path for discharging air from the PSA device (54) to the external space (5).
- the supply path (51) is provided with an air pump (53) and a PSA device (54).
- the air pump (53) is a transport unit that transports air.
- the air pump (53) also functions as a pressurizing unit that pressurizes air and a decompressing unit that decompresses air.
- the PSA unit (54) is the main body of the adjustment unit for adjusting the composition of air.
- the PSA unit (54) has two adsorption units.
- the adsorption units are adsorption towers filled with an adsorbent that adsorbs nitrogen in the air.
- the adsorbent is, for example, zeolite.
- the main body of the adjustment unit may be, for example, a gas separation membrane device.
- the air pump (53) pressurizes one of the two adsorption sections and depressurizes the other.
- nitrogen in the air is adsorbed by the adsorbent, generating oxygen-enriched air with a lower nitrogen concentration and a higher oxygen concentration than the air outside the cabinet.
- nitrogen in the depressurized adsorption section nitrogen is desorbed from the adsorbent, generating nitrogen-enriched air with a higher nitrogen concentration and a lower oxygen concentration than the air outside the cabinet.
- the oxygen-enriched air is discharged to the external space (5) through the exhaust path (52).
- the nitrogen-enriched air is supplied to the internal space (3) through the supply path (51). This adjusts the oxygen concentration in the internal space (3).
- the container refrigeration system (10) has a plurality of sensors. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the plurality of sensors include an inside temperature sensor (61), an outside temperature sensor (62), a carbon dioxide sensor (63), and an oxygen sensor (64).
- the internal temperature sensor (61) detects the temperature of the internal air in the container (1).
- the internal temperature sensor (61) is arranged upstream of the internal fan (30) in the air flow direction in the internal passage (16).
- the internal temperature sensor (61) is arranged near the inlet (20) of the internal passage (16).
- the outside-compartment temperature sensor (62) detects the temperature of the outside air outside the container (1).
- the outside-compartment temperature sensor (62) is arranged in the external passage (28) upstream of the air flow from the external heat exchanger (26).
- the outside-compartment temperature sensor (62) is arranged near the inlet of the external passage (28).
- the carbon dioxide sensor (63) detects the carbon dioxide concentration in the interior space (3).
- the carbon dioxide sensor (63) is arranged in the internal passage (16).
- the carbon dioxide sensor (63) is arranged in the internal passage (16) upstream of the air flow from the interior fan (30).
- the carbon dioxide sensor (63) is arranged in the upper part of the internal passage (16).
- the carbon dioxide sensor (63) may also be arranged in the internal passage (16) downstream of the air flow from the interior fan (30).
- the carbon dioxide sensor (63) may also be arranged in the lower part of the internal passage (16).
- the carbon dioxide sensor (63) is configured, for example, by a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensor.
- NDIR non-dispersive infrared
- the oxygen sensor (64) detects the oxygen concentration in the internal space (3).
- the oxygen sensor (64) is disposed in the internal passage (16).
- the oxygen sensor (64) is disposed upstream of the internal fan (30) in the air flow direction in the internal passage (16).
- the oxygen sensor (64) may also be disposed downstream of the internal fan (30) in the air flow direction in the internal passage (16).
- the oxygen sensor (64) is, for example, a zirconia sensor.
- the container refrigeration system (10) has a controller (100).
- the controller (100) controls the cooling unit (U), the ventilation system (40), and the adjustment system (50).
- the controller (100) includes a microprocessor, an electric circuit, and an electronic circuit.
- the microprocessor includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a memory, a communication interface, an analog input/output, and a contact input/output interface.
- the memory stores various programs to be executed by the CPU and data used by the programs.
- the controller (100) controls each device of the cooling unit (U). Specifically, the controller (100) controls the rotation speed of the compressor (25), the rotation speed of the internal fan (30), the rotation speed of the external fan (27), the opening of the expansion valve (31), etc. The controller (100) controls the motor (43) of the ventilation device (40). The controller (100) adjusts the opening of the air supply passage (41) and the air exhaust passage (42) of the ventilation device (40), and further adjusts the ventilation volume of the ventilation device (40). The controller (100) controls the air pump (53) and the PSA device (54) of the adjustment device (50).
- the container refrigeration unit (10) has an operation unit (110).
- the operation unit (110) is configured with, for example, a touch panel, a remote controller, a switch, or the like provided on the container refrigeration unit (10).
- the operation unit (110) may be a communication terminal connected to the container refrigeration unit (10) via a network.
- a user can switch the operation mode of the container refrigeration unit (10) or change the set values of each operation mode by operating the operation unit (110).
- the set values include a target value for the temperature of the inside air, a target value for the oxygen concentration of the inside air, and a target value for the carbon dioxide concentration of the inside air.
- the container refrigeration system (10) includes a notification unit (120).
- the notification unit (120) notifies a user of predetermined information.
- the predetermined information includes first information indicating that refrigerant has leaked from the refrigerant circuit (R).
- the notification unit (120) includes a display, a speaker, or a communication device that transmits the first information to another terminal.
- the notification unit (120) issues a notification of the first information.
- a refrigeration cycle is performed in which refrigerant compressed by the compressor (25) condenses in the external heat exchanger (26), is decompressed by the expansion valve (31), and evaporates in the internal heat exchanger (29). Air flowing out from the internal space (3) into the internal passage (16) is cooled by the internal heat exchanger (29), which functions as an evaporator. The cooled air is sent to the internal space (3).
- the controller (100) controls the compressor (25) so that the temperature of the internal air reaches a target temperature.
- the target temperature thermal-off temperature, for example, -18°C
- the internal heat exchanger (29) is essentially in a stopped state (thermo-off state).
- the controller (100) operates the compressor (25) to cause the internal heat exchanger (29) to function as an evaporator.
- the controller (100) controls the rotation speed of the compressor (25) to adjust the evaporation temperature of the internal heat exchanger (29). As a result, the temperature of the internal air is maintained within a predetermined target range.
- the adjustment device (50) performs an adjustment operation to adjust the composition of the interior air in the interior space (3).
- the adjustment device (50) of this embodiment adjusts the oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration of the interior air.
- the adjustment operation is performed simultaneously with the cooling operation described above.
- the adjustment operation includes a first adjustment operation and a second adjustment operation.
- the first adjustment operation is an operation in which nitrogen is concentrated in the outside air and the nitrogen-enriched air is then supplied to the interior space (3).
- the second adjustment operation is an operation in which the outside air is directly supplied to the interior space (3).
- the humidity control operation will be described using an example in which the control range of the oxygen concentration of the interior air is 4% to 6% and the control range of the carbon dioxide concentration of the interior air is 1% to 30%.
- the control values of these control ranges are set values set by the user operating the operation unit (110).
- the composition of the air inside the storage compartment is substantially the same as the composition of the atmosphere (nitrogen concentration: 78%, oxygen concentration: 21%, carbon dioxide concentration: 0.04%). Therefore, at this point, the controller (100) executes a first adjustment operation to reduce the oxygen concentration of the air inside the storage compartment. In the first adjustment operation, nitrogen-enriched air is supplied to the storage compartment space. As a result, the oxygen concentration of the air inside the storage compartment is reduced.
- the controller (100) terminates the first adjustment operation of the adjustment device (50).
- the fruits, vegetables, and flowers in the refrigerator space (3) breathe, causing the oxygen concentration in the air inside the refrigerator to gradually decrease.
- the carbon dioxide concentration in the air inside the refrigerator to gradually increase.
- the controller (100) causes the adjustment device (50) to perform the first adjustment operation.
- nitrogen-enriched air is supplied to the interior space (3), and the carbon dioxide concentration in the interior air decreases.
- the controller (100) terminates the first adjustment operation of the adjustment device (50). Furthermore, when the oxygen concentration of the air inside the refrigerator reaches the lower limit (4%) of the control range during the first adjustment operation of the adjustment device (50), the controller (100) causes the adjustment device (50) to execute the second adjustment operation. Thereafter, when the oxygen concentration of the air inside the refrigerator reaches the upper limit (6%) of the control range, the adjustment device (50) terminates the second adjustment operation.
- the carbon dioxide concentration (C) refers to the detected value of the carbon dioxide concentration in the interior air detected by the carbon dioxide sensor (63).
- the method for determining refrigerant leakage includes a first operation and a second operation.
- the first operation is an operation for determining refrigerant leakage based on the detected value of the carbon dioxide sensor (63).
- the second operation is an operation for determining refrigerant leakage based on the operating state of the refrigerant circuit (R).
- the carbon dioxide concentration in the interior air increases due to respiration of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. Selective execution of the first operation and the second operation can prevent erroneous determination of refrigerant leakage due to this respiration.
- the following method for determining refrigerant leakage is performed while the cooling unit (U) is operating.
- step ST11 the controller (100) determines whether the carbon dioxide concentration (C) is greater than a first value (Cs1).
- the first value (Cs1) is the upper limit (e.g., 30%) of the control range of the carbon dioxide concentration in the adjustment device (50). If the carbon dioxide concentration (C) is greater than the first value (Cs1), in other words, if the carbon dioxide concentration (C) exceeds the control range of the adjustment device (50), there is an extremely high possibility that refrigerant is leaking from the refrigerant circuit (R). Therefore, in this case, in step ST18, the controller (100) causes the notification unit (120) to issue the first information. As a result, a user or the like can quickly learn that refrigerant has leaked from the refrigerant circuit (R) and can take prescribed measures.
- the controller (100) causes the ventilation device (40) to perform a ventilation operation. Specifically, the controller (100) controls the opening/closing cover (45) of the ventilation device (40) to open the air supply passage (41) and the exhaust passage (42). The controller (100) then operates the internal fan (30). As a result, outside air is supplied to the internal space (3) through the air supply passage (41). At the same time, the outside air is discharged to the outside of the internal space (3) through the exhaust passage (42). As a result, the carbon dioxide concentration in the internal space (3) can be quickly reduced.
- the ventilation device (40) preferably opens the air supply passage (41) and the exhaust passage (42) to their maximum extents.
- the internal fan (30) preferably operates at its maximum airflow rate. This allows the carbon dioxide concentration in the internal air to be more quickly reduced.
- step ST11 the carbon dioxide concentration (C) is equal to or less than the first value (Cs1)
- step ST12 the controller (100) determines whether a first condition is met, which indicates that fruit, vegetables, or flowers are present in the interior space (3). This is because fruit, vegetables, and flowers emit carbon dioxide as they breathe, and the presence or absence of these plants affects the determination of refrigerant leakage. The first condition will be described in detail later.
- step ST17 a first operation is performed. Specifically, in step ST17, the controller (100) determines whether the carbon dioxide concentration (C) is greater than a second value (Cs2).
- the second value (Cs2) is a predetermined value that is smaller than the first value (Cs1) and greater than the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere (e.g., 0.04%).
- the second value (Cs2) is set to, for example, 0.1%. If the carbon dioxide concentration (C) is relatively high when no fruits, vegetables, or flowers are present in the interior space (3), there is a high possibility that refrigerant is leaking from the refrigerant circuit (R). Therefore, if the condition of step ST17 is met, operations related to measures to prevent refrigerant leakage are performed in steps ST18 and ST19.
- step ST12 If it is determined in step ST12 that fruits, vegetables, or flowers are present, the process proceeds to step ST13.
- step ST13 the controller (100) determines whether the adjustment device (50) is operating. Specifically, the controller (100) determines, for example, whether the adjustment device (50) is performing the first adjustment operation or the second adjustment operation. If the condition of step ST13 is met, the process proceeds to step ST14.
- step ST14 a second operation is performed.
- the controller (100) determines whether or not there is a refrigerant leak based on the operating state of the refrigerant circuit (R). Specifically, the controller (100) determines whether or not there is a refrigerant leak based on, for example, the pressure of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit (R), the temperature of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit (R), or the opening of the expansion valve (31).
- Refrigerant pressure includes the high-pressure and low-pressure pressures of the refrigerant circuit (R).
- the refrigerant pressure is detected by a pressure sensor. If refrigerant leaks from the refrigerant circuit (R), these pressures will drop. Therefore, a refrigerant leak can be determined based on the refrigerant pressure or a change in the refrigerant pressure.
- the refrigerant temperature includes the condensation temperature (heat release temperature) and evaporation temperature of the refrigerant circuit (R).
- the refrigerant temperature is detected by a temperature sensor. If refrigerant leaks from the refrigerant circuit (R), the refrigerant temperature will change suddenly. Therefore, a refrigerant leak can be determined based on the refrigerant temperature or changes in the refrigerant temperature.
- the controller (100) controls the opening of the expansion valve (31) based on the suction superheat.
- the suction superheat is likely to increase, and the opening of the expansion valve (31) is likely to increase. Therefore, refrigerant leakage can be determined based on the opening of the expansion valve (31) or a change in the opening of the expansion valve (31).
- the controller (100) may determine refrigerant leakage based on the operating conditions of other refrigerant circuits (R), such as the degree of subcooling, intake superheat, and discharge superheat of the refrigerant circuit (R), and the rotation speed of the compressor (25).
- R refrigerant circuits
- steps ST18 and ST19 are taken to take measures to prevent the refrigerant leak.
- step ST13 If the condition of step ST13 is not met, in other words, if it is determined that the adjustment device (50) is stopped, the process proceeds to step ST15.
- step ST15 the second operation is executed, as in step ST14. If it is determined in step ST15 that refrigerant has leaked based on the operating state of the refrigerant circuit (R), operations related to measures to prevent refrigerant leakage are executed in steps ST18 and ST19.
- step ST16 the controller (100) determines the refrigerant leakage on the condition that the rate of increase in the carbon dioxide concentration (C) is greater than the predetermined value ⁇ . If the condition of step ST16 is satisfied, then in steps ST18 and ST19, operations related to measures to prevent refrigerant leakage are executed. Therefore, if refrigerant suddenly leaks from the refrigerant circuit (R), this can be quickly detected and predetermined measures can be taken.
- step ST12 Determination of Presence or Absence of Fruits, Vegetables, or Flowers
- the controller (100) determines whether or not a first condition is satisfied, which indicates that fruits, vegetables, or flowers are present in the internal space (3). The details of the determination of the first condition will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 6.
- step ST31 the controller (100) determines whether the adjustment device (50) is operating. If the adjustment device (50) is performing an adjustment operation, the process proceeds to step ST35, where the controller (100) determines that fruit, vegetables, or flowers are present in the internal space (3), i.e., the first condition is met. This is because the adjustment device (50) operates to maintain the freshness of fruit, vegetables, or flowers in the internal space (3), and is not normally operated when fruit, vegetables, or flowers are not being stored.
- step ST32 the controller (100) checks the input information.
- the input information is input to the controller (100) by the user operating the operation unit (110).
- the input information includes information regarding the type of object (storage item) to be stored in the internal space (3).
- the controller (100) references the input information and checks whether the type of storage item is fruit, vegetables, or flowers. In other words, the controller (100) determines whether the information indicates that the storage item in the internal space (3) is fruit, vegetables, or flowers. If the type of storage item in the input information is fruit, vegetables, or flowers and the condition of step ST32 is met, the controller (100) determines in step ST35 that fruit, vegetables, or flowers are present in the internal space (3).
- step ST33 the controller (100) determines whether the set temperature (Ts) of the air inside the storage compartment is greater than the first temperature (T1).
- the set temperature (Ts) of the air inside the storage compartment is a temperature set by a user or the like operating the operation unit (110), and corresponds to the target temperature of the air inside the storage compartment.
- the first temperature (T1) is a predetermined temperature lower than 0°C, for example, -10°C.
- the first temperature (T1) can be said to be the minimum temperature required to maintain the quality of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
- step ST33 if the set temperature (Ts) of the internal air is equal to or lower than the first temperature (T1) (NO in step ST33), the process proceeds to step ST36, and the controller (100) determines that no fruits, vegetables, or flowers are present in the internal space (3).
- step ST34 the controller (100) determines whether the rate of decrease in the oxygen concentration in the interior space (3) is greater than a predetermined value ⁇ .
- the oxygen concentration is detected by the oxygen sensor (64). If fruit, vegetables, or flowers are present in the interior space (3), the oxygen in the interior space (3) is consumed by the fruit, vegetables, or flowers, causing the oxygen concentration to decrease. Compared to the carbon dioxide concentration, the oxygen concentration in the interior space (3) is not significantly affected by refrigerant leakage. Therefore, if the condition in step ST34 is met, the process proceeds to step ST35, where the controller (100) determines that fruit, vegetables, or flowers are present in the interior space (3). If the condition in step ST34 is not met, the process proceeds to step ST36, where the controller (100) determines that fruit, vegetables, or flowers are not present in the interior space (3).
- the controller (100) operates the internal fan (30) in step ST52. This circulates the internal air in the internal space (3).
- the airflow rate of the internal fan (30) is preferably maximum.
- step ST54 the controller (100) causes the notification unit (120) to issue the first information. Then, in step ST55, the controller (100) causes the ventilation device (40) to perform a ventilation operation.
- the controller (100) when the container refrigeration unit (10) is switched from the OFF state to the ON state, the controller (100) operates the internal fan (30) and determines whether or not there is a refrigerant leak based on the detected value of the carbon dioxide sensor (63). Therefore, if there is a refrigerant leak while the container refrigeration unit (10) is in the OFF state, this can be detected as quickly as possible.
- the interior space (3) of the container refrigeration unit (10) may contain objects that consume oxygen to breathe, such as fruits, vegetables, and flowers. When these objects breathe, the carbon dioxide concentration increases. Therefore, even if there is no refrigerant leak, it may be erroneously determined that there is a refrigerant leak based on the sensor detection value.
- the controller (100) selectively executes a first operation for determining whether a refrigerant leaks based on the detection value of the sensor (63) and a second operation for determining whether a refrigerant leaks based on the operating state of the refrigerant circuit (R).
- the controller (100) determines whether a refrigerant leaks based on the operating state of the refrigerant circuit (R), and is therefore not affected by the respiration of the fruits, vegetables, or flowers.
- By executing the second operation it is possible to determine whether a refrigerant leaks without being affected by the respiration of the fruits, vegetables, or flowers.
- the first operation directly detects whether a refrigerant leaks, and therefore it is possible to quickly determine whether a refrigerant leaks.
- By selectively executing these two operations it is possible to quickly determine whether a refrigerant leaks while suppressing erroneous determinations of a refrigerant leak.
- the container refrigeration system (10) includes an adjustment device (50) that performs an adjustment operation to adjust the composition of air in the interior space (3).
- the controller (100) determines that refrigerant has leaked when a second condition is met in which the detected value of the sensor (63) is greater than a control range of the carbon dioxide concentration in the interior space (3) in the adjustment operation.
- the first condition includes a condition that the regulator (50) is in the regulation operation (step ST31). This is because, when the regulator (50) is in the regulation operation, there is a high possibility that fruits, vegetables, or flowers are present in the internal space (3).
- the first condition includes a condition that the set temperature of the air in the interior space (3) is higher than a predetermined temperature that is lower than 0°C (step ST33). This is because when fruits, vegetables, or flowers are stored in the interior space (3), the set temperature is likely to be relatively high in order to maintain their quality.
- the first condition includes a condition that the rate of decrease of the oxygen concentration in the interior space (3) is greater than a predetermined value ⁇ (step ST34). This is because if fruits, vegetables, or flowers are present in the interior space (3), they will consume oxygen in the interior space (3), increasing the rate of decrease of the oxygen concentration.
- the first condition includes a condition in which information indicating that the items stored in the internal space (3) are fruits, vegetables, or flowers has been input to the controller (100) (step ST32). When this information is input, this is because fruits, vegetables, or flowers are normally stored in the internal space (3).
- the controller (100) operates the internal fan (30) and determines whether or not there is a refrigerant leak based on the detected value of the sensor (63). Therefore, if there is a refrigerant leak when the container refrigeration unit (10) is in the OFF state, this can be determined promptly.
- the controller (100) determines whether or not there is a refrigerant leak based on the pressure or temperature of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit (R) or the opening of the expansion valve (31) serving as an expansion mechanism. These determinations enable the controller (100) to determine whether or not there is a refrigerant leak, without being affected by breathing.
- the first condition indicating the presence of fruits, vegetables or flowers in the interior space (3) includes at least one of the following conditions A to C.
- Condition B is a condition in which the amount of moisture generated in the internal space (3) is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
- the controller (100) estimates the amount of moisture generated in the internal space (3) based on the amount of water drained from the drain pan that receives water generated in the internal space (3).
- the controller (100) may also estimate this amount of moisture based on the humidity of the air inside the internal space (3).
- Condition C is a condition indicating that the cooling load of the interior space (3) has increased. If fruits, vegetables, or flowers are present in the interior space (3), the cooling load increases due to the heat of respiration. By setting an increase in cooling load as the first condition, the presence of fruits, vegetables, or flowers can be determined.
- the increase in cooling load is obtained, for example, based on data including the current output of the cooling unit (U) and a previously determined output of the cooling unit (U).
- the output here refers to the rotation speed of the compressor (25) and the power consumption of the cooling unit (U).
- the data includes outputs corresponding to the outside air temperature, the inside temperature, or each set temperature.
- the controller (100) obtains a comparison output based on the current outside air temperature, the inside temperature, and the set temperature.
- the controller (100) obtains the increase in cooling load due to the heat of respiration, for example, from the difference between the current output of the cooling unit (U) and the comparison output.
- the container refrigeration system (10) of the third modification controls the adjustment device (50) instead of the ventilation device (40) in the ventilation operation of step ST19 in Fig. 5 and step ST55 in Fig. 7.
- the controller (100) controls the adjustment device (50) so that outside air is introduced into the internal space (3).
- the controller (100) preferably controls the adjustment device (50) so that the internal air is discharged to the outside.
- the adjustment device (50) is an example of a ventilation unit.
- the refrigeration unit may not be a container refrigeration unit, but may be a stationary refrigeration unit used to cool the interior of a warehouse or the like.
- the container (1) does not have to be for marine transport, but may be for land transport, transported by vehicle such as a trailer or by rail.
- the controller (100) may be physically separated from the container refrigeration system (10).
- the controller (100) constitutes a server device connected to the cooling unit (U) via a network.
- the refrigeration system constitutes a refrigeration system having the cooling unit (U) and the controller (100).
- the controller (100) may be provided in the adjustment device (50) or in the operation unit (110).
- the expansion mechanism does not have to be an expansion valve; it can also be a capillary tube or an expander.
- the present disclosure is useful for container refrigeration systems.
- Container refrigeration units refrigeration units
- Compressor External heat exchanger (radiator)
- Internal heat exchanger evaporator
- Interior fan 31
- Expansion valve expansion mechanism
- Ventilation equipment ventilation unit
- Adjustment device ventilation unit
- Carbon dioxide sensor sensor
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Abstract
Description
コンテナ用冷凍装置(10)について説明する。図1および図2に示すように、コンテナ用冷凍装置(10)は、コンテナ(1)に設けられる。コンテナ(1)は、海上輸送に用いられる。コンテナ(1)は、その内部の空気を冷却する冷凍コンテナである。コンテナ(1)は、コンテナ本体(2)と、コンテナ用冷凍装置(10)とを有する。コンテナ本体(2)は、対象物を貯蔵する。対象物は、青果物や花卉を含む。本実施形態のコンテナ用冷凍装置(10)は、コンテナ(1)の内部の空気の組成を調節する機能を有する。
冷却ユニット(U)は、ケーシング(11)と、庫内ファン(30)と、庫外ファン(27)と、冷媒回路(R)とを有する。冷媒回路(R)は、主として、圧縮機(25)と、庫外熱交換器(26)と、膨張機構としての膨張弁(31)と、庫内熱交換器(29)とを有する。冷媒回路(R)は、二酸化炭素を冷媒として冷凍サイクルを行う。
ケーシング(11)は、コンテナ本体(2)の前面開口(4)の蓋を構成する。ケーシング(11)は、ケーシング本体(12)と仕切板(13)とを有する。ケーシング本体(12)は、庫外空間(5)と、庫内空間(3)とを仕切る。仕切板(13)は、ケーシング(11)の背面側(後側)に位置する。
図2に示すように、仕切板(13)は、凹部(12b)の後側に位置する板状の部材である。仕切板(13)は、凹部(12b)の後面と所定の間隔を置くように上下方向に延びている。ケーシング本体(12)と仕切板(13)との間には、庫内空気が流れる内部通路(16)が形成される。仕切板(13)の上端とコンテナ本体(2)の上壁(2a)との間には、流入口(20)が形成される。流入口(20)は、庫内空間(3)と内部通路(16)の流入端とを連通する。仕切板(13)の下端とコンテナ本体(2)の下壁(2b)との間には、流出口(21)が形成される。流出口(21)は、庫内空間(3)と内部通路(16)の流出端とを連通する。
圧縮機(25)は、ケーシング(11)の底板(12c)の上に設置される。圧縮機(25)は、庫外収容空間(14)の下部寄りに配置される。圧縮機(25)は、庫外収容空間(14)の右寄りに配置される。
庫内収容空間(15)には、庫内熱交換器(29)と、庫内ファン(30)とが設けられる。庫内熱交換器(29)は、ケーシング本体(12)と仕切板(13)とに亘るようにケーシング(11)に支持される。庫内熱交換器(29)は、フィンアンドチューブ式の熱交換器である。
図4に示すように、冷却ユニット(U)は、冷媒回路(R)を有する。圧縮機(25)は、吸入した冷媒を圧縮する。圧縮機(25)は、圧縮した冷媒を吐出する。圧縮機(25)の吐出部には、吐出管(32)が接続される。圧縮機(25)の吸入部には、吸入管(33)が接続される。吸入管(33)には、アキュムレータ(34)が設けられる。アキュムレータ(34)は、液冷媒を貯める容器である。
換気装置(40)は、コンテナ本体(2)の庫内空間(3)を換気する換気動作を行う。本実施形態の換気装置(40)は、庫外空気を庫内空間(3)に供給する給気の機能と、庫内空気を庫外空間(5)へ排出する排気の機能とを有する。
調節装置(50)は、庫内空間(3)の空気の組成を調節する。具体的には、調節装置(50)は、庫内空間(3)の空気の酸素濃度、二酸化炭素濃度、および窒素濃度を調節する調節動作を行う。図2に模式的に示すように、調節装置(50)は、ケーシング(11)の庫外収容空間(14)に配置される。調節装置(50)は、供給路(51)と、排気路(52)と、エアポンプ(53)と、PSA装置(54)とを有する。
(5-1)センサ
コンテナ用冷凍装置(10)は、複数のセンサを有する。図2および図3に示すように、複数のセンサは、庫内温度センサ(61)と、庫外温度センサ(62)と、二酸化炭素センサ(63)と、酸素センサ(64)とを含む。
図3に示すように、コンテナ用冷凍装置(10)は、制御器(100)を有する。制御器(100)は、冷却ユニット(U)、換気装置(40)、および調節装置(50)を制御する。制御器(100)は、マイクロプロセッサ(Micro Processor)、電気回路、電子回路を含む。マイクロプロセッサは、CPU(Central Processing Unit)、メモリ、通信インターフェース、アナログ入出力、および接点入出力インターフェースを含む。メモリには、CPUが実行するための各種のプログラム、およびプログラムが使用するデータが記憶されている。
図3に示すように、コンテナ用冷凍装置(10)は、操作部(110)を有する。操作部(110)は、例えばコンテナ用冷凍装置(10)に設けられるタッチパネル、リモートコントローラ、スイッチなどで構成される。操作部(110)は、ネットワークを介してコンテナ用冷凍装置(10)と接続する通信端末であってもよい。ユーザが操作部(110)を操作することで、コンテナ用冷凍装置(10)の運転モードを切り換えたり、各運転モードの設定値を変更したりできる。設定値は、庫内空気の温度の目標値、庫内空気の酸素濃度の目標値、庫内空気の二酸化炭素濃度の目標値を含む。
図3に示すように、コンテナ用冷凍装置(10)は、報知部(120)を備える。報知部(120)は、所定の情報をユーザに知らせる。所定の情報は、冷媒回路(R)の冷媒が漏洩したことを示す第1情報を含む。報知部(120)は、ディスプレイ、スピーカ、あるいは第1情報を他の端末に送信する通信装置を含む。冷媒が漏洩したことを制御器(100)が判定すると、報知部(120)は第1情報を発報する。
(6-1)冷却運転
コンテナ用冷凍装置(10)は、冷却運転を行う。冷却運転は、ユーザなどが操作部(110)を操作するにより実行される。
調節装置(50)は、庫内空間(3)の庫内空気の組成を調節する調節動作を行う。本実施形態の調節装置(50)は、庫内空気の酸素濃度と二酸化炭素濃度を調節する。調節動作は、上述した冷却運転と同時に実行される。調節動作は、第1調節動作および第2調節動作を含む。第1調節動作は、庫外空気の窒素を濃縮させた後、窒素濃縮空気を庫内空間(3)に供給する動作である。第2調節動作は、庫外空気をそのまま庫内空間(3)に供給する動作である。以下では、庫内空気の酸素濃度の制御範囲が4%~6%であり、庫内空気の二酸化炭素濃度の制御範囲が1%~30%である場合を例に、調湿動作について説明する。これらの制御範囲の制御値は、ユーザが操作部(110)を操作することにより設定される設定値である。
冷媒回路(R)の二酸化炭素が庫内空間(3)に漏洩すると、ユーザなどの人体や、庫内空間(3)の対象物に悪影響を及ぼす。加えて、冷媒の漏洩に起因して冷却ユニット(U)の冷却能力が低下し、対象物の温度管理が損なわれる。本実施形態では、このような不具合を解消するために、以下の制御を行う。
冷媒漏洩の基本制御について図5を参照しながら説明する。なお、以下の説明における二酸化炭素濃度(C)は、二酸化炭素センサ(63)で検出した庫内空気の二酸化炭素濃度の検出値を示す。冷媒漏洩の判定方法は、第1動作と第2動作とを含む。第1動作は、二酸化炭素センサ(63)の検出値に基づく冷媒の漏洩の判定動作である。第2動作は、冷媒回路(R)の運転状態に基づく冷媒の漏洩の判定動作である。庫内空間(3)では、青果物や花卉の呼吸に起因して庫内空気の二酸化炭素濃度が上昇する。第1動作と第2動作を選択的に実行することで、この呼吸に起因して冷媒の漏洩を誤判定してしまうことを抑制できる。以下の冷媒漏洩の判定方法は、冷却ユニット(U)の運転時において実行される。
上述したステップST12では、制御器(100)は、庫内空間(3)に青果物や花卉があることを示す第1条件が成立するか否かを判定する。この第1条件の判定の詳細について図6を参照しながら詳細に説明する。
コンテナ用冷凍装置(10)をOFF状態からON状態に切り換えたときの制御について説明する。ここでいう、「OFF状態」は、コンテナ用冷凍装置(10)に電力が供給されていない状態を意味する。例えばコンテナ(1)が修理作業場にあり、コンテナ(1)内に対象物が貯蔵されていない状況では、コンテナ用冷凍装置(10)がOFF状態になる。ここでいう、「ON状態」は、コンテナ用冷凍装置(10)に電力が供給されている状態を意味する。例えば、コンテナ(1)がコンテナ船に搭載され、コンテナ船にある電源からコンテナ用冷凍装置(10)に電力が供給される状況では、コンテナ用冷凍装置(10)がON状態になる。
コンテナ用冷凍装置(10)の庫内空間(3)には、青果物や花卉のように酸素を消費して呼吸をする対象物が貯蔵されることがある。これらの対象物が呼吸をすると、二酸化炭素濃度が上昇する。このため、冷媒が漏れていないにもかかわらず、センサの検出値に基づき冷媒が漏洩した、と誤って判定される可能性がある。
制御器(100)は、センサ(63)の検出値に基づき冷媒の漏洩を判定する第1動作と、冷媒回路(R)の運転状態に基づき冷媒の漏洩を判定する第2動作とを選択的に実行する。第2動作では、制御器(100)は、冷媒回路(R)の運転状態に基づき冷媒の漏洩を判定するので、青果物や花卉の呼吸の影響を受けない。第2動作を実行することで、青果物や花卉の呼吸の影響を受けずに冷媒の漏洩を判定できる。第1動作は、冷媒の漏洩を直接的に検出するので、冷媒の漏洩を迅速に判定できる。このような2つの動作を選択的に行うことで、冷媒の漏洩の誤判定を抑制しつつ、冷媒の漏洩を速やかに判定できる。その結果、ユーザが庫内空間(3)の二酸化炭素の影響を受けたり、冷媒回路(R)の冷却能力が低下したりすることを抑制できる。
制御器(100)は、ステップST12において、庫内空間(3)に青果物または花卉が存在することを示す第1条件が成立するか否かを判定する。制御器(100)は、第1条件が成立するとき、ステップST14やST15のように、第2動作を行う。制御器(100)は、第1条件が成立しないとき、ステップST17のように、第1動作を行う。このため、庫内空間(3)に青果物や花卉が存在する場合には、第2動作により、呼吸の影響を受けずに冷媒の漏洩を判定できる。庫内空間(3)に青果物や花卉が存在しない場合には、二酸化炭素センサ(63)の検出値に基づき、冷媒の漏洩を速やかに判定できる。
コンテナ用冷凍装置(10)は、庫内空間(3)の空気の組成を調節する調節動作を行う調節装置(50)を備える。制御器(100)は、センサ(63)の検出値が、調節動作における庫内空間(3)の二酸化炭素濃度の制御範囲より大きい第2条件が成立するとき、冷媒が漏洩したと判定する。
第1条件は、調節装置(50)が調節動作中である条件を含む(ステップST31)。調節装置(50)が調節動作を行う場合、庫内空間(3)に青果物や花卉が存在する可能性が高いからである。
制御器(100)は、調節装置(50)が調節動作を行っていないときに、センサ(63)の検出値の上昇速度が所定値より大きいと、冷媒が漏洩したと判定する(ステップST16のYES)。このため、冷媒回路(R)から急激に二酸化炭素が漏れている場合に、このことを速やかに判定できる。
制御器(100)は、コンテナ用冷凍装置(10)がOFF状態からON状態になるときに、庫内ファン(30)を運転させ、センサ(63)の検出値に基づき冷媒の漏洩を判定する。このため、コンテナ用冷凍装置(10)がOFF状態であるときに冷媒が漏洩した場合に、このことを速やかに判定できる。
制御器(100)は、第2動作において、冷媒回路(R)の冷媒の圧力、冷媒の温度、または膨張機構としての膨張弁(31)の開度に基づき、冷媒の漏洩を判定する。これらの判定により、呼吸の影響を受けずに冷媒の漏洩を判定できる。
制御器(100)は、冷媒の漏洩が判定されると、換気装置(40)を運転する。このため、冷媒が漏洩した場合に、庫内空間(3)の二酸化炭素濃度を速やかに低減できる。その結果、ユーザが庫内空間(3)の二酸化炭素の影響を受けることを抑制できる。
上述した実施形態は、以下のような変形例の構成としてもよい。以下では、特に上記実施形態と異なる点について説明する。
変形例1では、庫内空間(3)に青果物または花卉が存在することを示す第1条件が、第1条件が以下の条件A~Cの少なくとも1つを含む。
変形例2のコンテナ用冷凍装置(10)は、実施形態1の調節装置(50)を有さない。言い換えると、コンテナ用冷凍装置(10)は、庫内空間(3)の庫内空気の組成を調節する機能を有さない。
変形例3のコンテナ用冷凍装置(10)は、図5のステップST19や図7のステップST55の換気動作において、換気装置(40)ではなく調節装置(50)を制御する。具体的には、これらの処理において、制御器(100)は、室外空気が庫内空間(3)に導入されるように調節装置(50)を制御する。このとき、制御器(100)は、庫内空気が室外に排出されるように調節装置(50)を制御するのが好ましい。このように、変形例3では、調節装置(50)が換気ユニットの一例になる。
上記実施形態や各変形例においては、以下のような構成としてもよい。
なお、上述した各実施形態、各変形例、その他の実施形態に係る冷媒漏洩判定方法は、上述したいずれかのステップを含む。上述した各実施形態、各変形例、その他の実施形態に係る制御器(100)は、これらのステップをコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラムと、このプログラムを記憶する記憶装置あるいは記憶媒体を含む。
10 コンテナ用冷凍装置(冷凍装置)
25 圧縮機
26 庫外熱交換器(放熱器)
29 庫内熱交換器(蒸発器)
30 庫内ファン
31 膨張弁(膨張機構)
40 換気装置(換気ユニット)
50 調節装置(換気ユニット)
63 二酸化炭素センサ(センサ)
100 制御器
Claims (14)
- 圧縮機(25)と、放熱器(26)と、膨張機構(31)と、蒸発器(29)とを有し、二酸化炭素を冷媒として冷凍サイクルを行う冷媒回路(R)と、
前記蒸発器(29)によって冷却される庫内空間(3)の二酸化炭素濃度を検出するセンサ(63)と、
制御器(100)とを備え、
前記制御器(100)は、
前記センサ(63)の検出値に基づき前記冷媒の漏洩を判定する第1動作と、
前記冷媒回路(R)の運転状態に基づき前記冷媒の漏洩を判定する第2動作とを選択的に実行する
冷凍装置。 - 前記制御器(100)は、
前記庫内空間(3)に青果物または花卉が存在することを示す第1条件が成立するか否かを判定し、
前記第1条件が成立するとき、前記第2動作を行い、
前記第1条件が成立しないとき、前記第1動作を行う
請求項1に記載の冷凍装置。 - 前記庫内空間(3)の空気の組成を調節する調節動作を行う調節装置(50)を備える
請求項2に記載の冷凍装置。 - 前記制御器(100)は、前記センサ(63)の検出値が、前記調節動作における前記庫内空間(3)の二酸化炭素濃度の制御範囲より大きい第2条件が成立するとき、冷媒が漏洩したと判定する
請求項3に記載の冷凍装置。 - 前記第1条件は、前記調節装置(50)が前記調節動作中である条件を含む
請求項3または4に記載の冷凍装置。 - 前記第1条件は、前記庫内空間(3)の空気の設定温度が0℃より小さい所定温度より大きい条件を含む
請求項2~5のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍装置。 - 前記第1条件は、前記庫内空間(3)の酸素濃度の減少速度が所定値より大きい条件を含む
請求項2~6のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍装置。 - 前記第1条件は、
前記庫内空間(3)の貯蔵物が青果物または花卉であることを示す情報が前記制御器(100)に入力された条件、または
前記庫内空間(3)のエチレン濃度が所定値以上である条件、または
前記庫内空間(3)で発生した水分量が所定値以上である条件、または
前記庫内空間(3)の冷却負荷が増大したことを示す条件を含む
請求項2~7のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍装置。 - 前記制御器(100)は、
前記調節装置(50)が前記調節動作を行っていないときに、前記センサ(63)の検出値の上昇速度が所定値より大きいと、冷媒が漏洩したと判定する
請求項3~5のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍装置。 - 前記庫内空間(3)の空気を搬送する庫内ファン(30)を備え、
前記制御器(100)は、前記冷凍装置(10)がOFF状態からON状態になるときに、前記庫内ファン(30)を運転させ、前記センサ(63)の検出値に基づき冷媒の漏洩を判定する
請求項1~9のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍装置。 - 前記制御器(100)は、前記第2動作において、前記冷媒回路(R)の冷媒の圧力、前記冷媒回路(R)の冷媒の温度、または膨張機構としての膨張弁(31)の開度に基づき、冷媒の漏洩を判定する
請求項1~10のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍装置。 - 前記庫内空間(3)を換気する換気ユニット(40,50)を備え、
前記制御器(100)は、冷媒の漏洩が判定されると、前記換気ユニット(40,50)を運転する
請求項1~11のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍装置。 - 圧縮機(25)と、放熱器(26)と、膨張機構(31)と、蒸発器(29)とを有し、二酸化炭素を冷媒として冷凍サイクルを行う冷媒回路(R)と、前記蒸発器(29)によって冷却される庫内空間(3)の二酸化炭素濃度を検出するセンサ(63)とを備えた冷凍装置の冷媒漏洩判定方法であって、
前記センサ(63)の検出値に基づき前記冷媒の漏洩を判定する第1動作と、前記冷媒回路(R)の運転状態に基づき前記冷媒の漏洩を判定する第2動作とを選択的に実行する
冷媒漏洩判定方法。 - コンピュータに、請求項13に記載の冷媒漏洩判定方法を実行させるためのプログラム。
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| JP2014005970A (ja) * | 2012-06-22 | 2014-01-16 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 冷媒漏洩判定装置、冷凍装置、及び冷媒漏洩判定方法 |
| JP2023016912A (ja) * | 2019-02-07 | 2023-02-02 | ホシザキ株式会社 | 冷却貯蔵庫 |
| JP2022156625A (ja) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-10-14 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 冷媒漏洩検知システム、方法、およびプログラム |
| JP2022155972A (ja) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-10-14 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 温度調節装置及び貯蔵庫 |
| JP2024067389A (ja) * | 2022-11-04 | 2024-05-17 | 三菱重工サーマルシステムズ株式会社 | 制御システム、移動体、制御方法および制御プログラム |
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