WO2026002256A1 - 电池 - Google Patents

电池

Info

Publication number
WO2026002256A1
WO2026002256A1 PCT/CN2025/104863 CN2025104863W WO2026002256A1 WO 2026002256 A1 WO2026002256 A1 WO 2026002256A1 CN 2025104863 W CN2025104863 W CN 2025104863W WO 2026002256 A1 WO2026002256 A1 WO 2026002256A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode unit
equal
coating
battery
along
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2025/104863
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐腾飞
杨赛男
杨章应
谢继春
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zhuhai Cosmx Battery Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Zhuhai Cosmx Battery Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zhuhai Cosmx Battery Co Ltd filed Critical Zhuhai Cosmx Battery Co Ltd
Publication of WO2026002256A1 publication Critical patent/WO2026002256A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/536—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the method of fixing the leads to the electrodes, e.g. by welding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/593—Spacers; Insulating plates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to the field of battery technology, and more particularly to a battery.
  • lithium-ion batteries mainly include a battery casing and a battery cell.
  • the battery cell and electrolyte are encapsulated in the battery casing.
  • the battery cell may include a positive electrode, a separator, and a negative electrode.
  • the positive electrode, separator, and negative electrode are sequentially stacked and then wound or stacked.
  • Both the positive and negative electrode may include foil and active material coated on the surface of the foil. During coating, a portion of the foil is left empty on one side of the electrode's length direction. After that, some of the active material is washed away, and then die-cutting is performed so that the foil can form current collectors and foil tabs respectively.
  • the active material covers the current collector. Multiple foil tabs are bent and welded together to form a tab group. The tab group is connected to an external device through adapter tabs, thereby drawing out the current from the battery cell.
  • the tabs need to occupy part of the space inside the battery casing, the ineffective volume of the battery is increased, thereby reducing the energy density of the battery.
  • the present disclosure provides a battery that can solve the problem that the electrode group occupies part of the space inside the battery casing, resulting in an increase in battery volume and a decrease in energy density.
  • the battery provided in this embodiment includes a first electrode unit and a second electrode unit with opposite polarities.
  • the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit are stacked to form a battery cell.
  • the first electrode unit includes a first current collector, a first active material layer, a plurality of first tabs and a plurality of first notches.
  • the second electrode unit includes a plurality of second tabs.
  • the first tabs are connected to the first current collector.
  • the plurality of first notches overlap along the thickness direction of the first current collector to form a first receiving groove.
  • the plurality of first tabs are interconnected to form a first tab group.
  • the first tab group is at least partially located in the first receiving groove.
  • the first electrode unit has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other.
  • the first active material layer includes a first active coating and a second active coating. The first active coating is disposed on the first surface and the second active coating is disposed on the second surface.
  • the first active coating has a first side edge on the side near the first electrode tab
  • the second active coating has a second side edge on the side near the first electrode tab. Both the first and second side edges extend along a second direction, and the first and second side edges are staggered along a first direction.
  • the battery disclosed herein includes a first electrode unit, which comprises a first current collector, a first active material layer, a first tab, and a first notch.
  • the first active material layer comprises a first active coating and a second active coating, the first active coating comprising a first side, and the second active coating comprising a second side.
  • the first notch By providing the first notch, after the first electrode unit is wound or stacked, at least two first notches overlap along the thickness direction of the first current collector to form a first receiving groove, thereby housing the first tab group within the first receiving groove to avoid increasing the ineffective volume of the battery, thus improving the energy density of the battery.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first electrode unit in the battery provided in an embodiment of this disclosure
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first surface of the first electrode unit in the battery provided in the embodiment of this disclosure
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second surface of the first electrode unit in the battery provided in the embodiment of this disclosure.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first current collector and the first electrode tab in the battery provided in an embodiment of this disclosure
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second electrode unit in the battery provided in the embodiment of this disclosure.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit in the battery provided in the embodiment of this disclosure.
  • 100 - First electrode unit 100a - First surface; 100b - Second surface; 110 - First current collector; 120 - First active material layer; 121-First active coating; 1211-First side; 122-Second active coating; 1221-Second side; 1222-First coating area; 1223-Second coating area; 130-First tab; 140-First notch; 150-Insulating layer; 151-First insulating coating; 1511-First region; 1512-Second region; 152-Second insulating coating; 160-Second notch; 200-First receiving groove; 300-Second electrode unit; 310-Second current collector; 320-Second active material layer; 321-Third side; 330-Third notch; 340-Second tab; 350-Fourth notch.
  • connection should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, or the internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this disclosure according to the specific circumstances.
  • lithium-ion batteries mainly include a battery casing and a battery cell.
  • the battery cell and electrolyte are encapsulated in the battery casing.
  • the battery cell may include a positive electrode, a separator, and a negative electrode.
  • the positive electrode, separator, and negative electrode are sequentially stacked and then wound or stacked.
  • Both the positive and negative electrode may include foil and active material coated on the surface of the foil. During coating, a portion of the foil is left empty on one side of the electrode's length direction. After that, some of the active material is washed away, and then die-cutting is performed so that the foil can form current collectors and foil tabs respectively.
  • the active material covers the current collector. Multiple foil tabs are bent and welded together to form a tab group. The tab group is connected to an external device through adapter tabs, thereby drawing out the current from the battery cell.
  • the tabs need to occupy part of the space inside the battery casing, the ineffective volume of the battery is increased, thereby reducing the energy density of the battery.
  • this disclosure provides a battery in which a first notch is provided in the first electrode unit so that after the first electrode unit is wound or stacked to form a cell, at least two first notches overlap along the thickness direction of the cell, thereby forming a first receiving groove.
  • This groove can then house the first tab group, thus avoiding the first tab group from increasing the battery's ineffective volume and improving the battery's energy density.
  • the first active material layers on opposite sides of the first electrode unit are staggered, thereby ensuring that the active material layers of the first active material layer are properly cleaned and preventing damage to the first current collector during cleaning.
  • the battery provided in this embodiment includes a first electrode unit 100.
  • the first electrode unit 100 includes a first current collector 110, a first active material layer 120, a first tab 130, and a first notch 140.
  • the first tab 130 is connected to the first current collector 110.
  • At least two first notches 140 overlap along the thickness direction of the first current collector 110 to form a first receiving groove 200.
  • At least two first tabs 130 are interconnected to form a first tab group.
  • the first tab group is at least partially located within the first receiving groove 200.
  • the first electrode unit 100 has a first surface 100a and a second surface 100b opposite to each other.
  • the first active material layer 120 includes a first active coating 121 and a second active coating 122.
  • the first active coating 121 is disposed on the first surface 100a and the second active coating 122 is disposed on the second surface 100b.
  • the first active coating 121 has a first side 1211 on the side near the first tab 130
  • the second active coating 122 has a second side 1221 on the side near the first tab 130. Both the first side 1211 and the second side 1221 extend along the second direction, and the first side 1211 and the second side 1221 are staggered along the first direction.
  • the first direction can be referred to as the X direction in Figures 4 and 5, and the second direction can be referred to as the Y direction in Figures 4 and 5.
  • the X direction is the width direction of the first electrode unit, that is, the extension direction of the tab
  • the Y direction is the length direction of the first electrode unit.
  • the battery may also include a second electrode unit 300 and a separator.
  • the first electrode unit 100 and the second electrode unit 300 have opposite polarities.
  • the first electrode unit 100, the separator and the second electrode unit 300 are sequentially stacked and then wound to form a wound battery cell.
  • the first electrode unit 100, the separator and the second electrode unit 300 are sequentially stacked and then piled up to form a stacked battery cell. Whether it is a wound battery cell or a stacked battery cell, the battery cell has at least two folds or stacks.
  • the first electrode unit 100 may include a first current collector 110, a first active material layer 120, a first tab 130, and a first notch 140.
  • the polarity of the first electrode unit 100 is taken as positive as an example, and the structure of the first electrode unit 100 is explained in conjunction with the process flow of the first electrode unit 100.
  • the process flow of the first electrode unit 100 mainly includes coating, cleaning and die cutting.
  • a first active material is coated on the aluminum foil along the length direction to form a first active material layer 120.
  • the preset area where the first active material layer 120 has been coated is cleaned to remove the first active material in the preset area, thereby forming a second empty foil area.
  • the first empty foil area and the second empty foil area together form an empty foil area.
  • the empty foil area is die-cut so that the aluminum foil can form a first current collector 110 and a first tab 130 respectively.
  • a first notch 140 can be formed on the first electrode unit 100.
  • the first electrode unit 100 can be wound to form a wound cell.
  • the cell can have multiple folds, some of which have first tabs 130, while others do not.
  • the first notch 140 and the first tab 130 are set in a one-to-one correspondence. Multiple first tabs 130 are bent and welded to form a first tab group.
  • the first notches 140 of each fold overlap to form a first receiving groove 200.
  • the first tab group can be received in the first receiving groove 200. This can avoid the first tab group from increasing the ineffective volume of the battery, thereby effectively improving the energy density of the battery.
  • the first electrode units 100 can be stacked to form a stacked cell.
  • the cell can have multiple layers, and each layer can have a first tab 130.
  • the first notch 140 and the first tab 130 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • Multiple first tabs 130 are bent and welded to form a first tab group.
  • the first notches 140 of each layer overlap to form a first receiving groove 200.
  • the first tab group can be received in the first receiving groove 200. This can avoid the first tab group from increasing the ineffective volume of the battery, thereby effectively improving the energy density of the battery.
  • a scraper can be used as the cleaning tool.
  • the scraper scrapes from the outside to the inside along the width direction of the first current collector 110.
  • the first surface 100a of the first electrode unit 100 is cleaned, and then the second surface 100b of the first electrode unit 100 is cleaned.
  • the first active coating 121 of the first surface 100a and the second active coating 122 of the second surface 100b can be cleaned in a staggered manner.
  • the scraper will continue to move towards the first current collector 110 when it reaches the junction of the first current collector 110 and the first tab 130, until part of the first current collector 110 is exposed.
  • the scraper When cleaning the second surface 100b, the scraper will not continue to move towards the first current collector 110 when it reaches the junction of the first current collector 110 and the first tab 130, and the first current collector 110 will not be exposed. This ensures that the scraper is thoroughly cleaned to fully expose the aluminum foil, facilitating the formation of the second empty foil area, while also preventing over-cleaning of the scraper that could damage the first current collector 110.
  • both the first side 1211 and the second side 1221 extend along the second direction, and the first side 1211 and the second side 1221 are staggered along the first direction.
  • the projection of the first side 1211 along the thickness direction of the first electrode unit 100 is located on the first current collector 110, and the projection of the second side 1221 along the thickness direction of the first electrode unit 100 is located on the first tab 130.
  • One of the first surface 100a and the second surface 100b exposes part of the first current collector 110, while the other does not expose the first current collector 110.
  • the battery provided in this embodiment includes a first electrode unit 100, which includes a first current collector 110, a first active material layer 120, a first tab 130 and a first notch 140.
  • the first active material layer 120 includes a first active coating 121 and a second active coating 122.
  • the first active coating 121 includes a first side 1211 and the second active coating 122 includes a second side 1221.
  • first notch 140 By providing a first notch 140, after the first electrode unit 100 is wound or stacked, at least two first notches 140 overlap along the thickness direction of the first current collector 110 to form a first receiving groove 200, thereby housing the first tab group within the first receiving groove 200 to avoid increasing the ineffective volume of the battery, thus improving the energy density of the battery.
  • the distance between the first side 1211 and the second side 1221 is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 2.5 mm.
  • the distance between the first side 1211 and the second side 1221 is less than 0.5mm, the misalignment of the first side 1211 and the second side 1221 is too small, which may result in inadequate cleaning of the second surface 100b and poor cleaning effect. If the distance between the first side 1211 and the second side 1221 is greater than 2.5mm, the misalignment of the first side 1211 and the second side 1221 is too large, which may result in over-cleaning of the first surface 100a, thereby causing damage to the first collector 110. Therefore, the distance between the first side 1211 and the second side 1221 is set between 0.5mm and 2.5mm to improve the cleaning effect.
  • the distance between the first side 1211 and the second side 1221 can be any one of 0.5mm, 0.8mm, 1mm, 1.3mm, 1.5mm, 1.8mm, 2mm, 2.3mm, and 2.5mm, or fall within any two of these values. Since one of the first surface 100a and the second surface 100b exposes part of the first current collector 110, while the other does not, the projections of the first side 1211 and the second side 1221 along the thickness direction of the first electrode unit 100 will have one located at the first current collector 110 and the other at the first tab 130.
  • the distance between the first side 1211 and the second side 1221 refers to the distance between the projection position of the first side 1211 on the first current collector 110 or the first tab 130 along the thickness direction of the first electrode unit 100 and the projection position of the second side 1221 on the first tab 130 or the first current collector 110 along the thickness direction of the first electrode unit 100.
  • the first electrode unit 100 further includes an insulating layer 150, which includes a first insulating coating 151.
  • the first insulating coating 151 is disposed on the first surface 100a and adjacent to the first side 1211.
  • the projection of the second side 1221 onto the first insulating coating 151 is located within the first insulating coating 151.
  • an insulating material can be applied to the side of the second empty foil area away from the first empty foil area.
  • a first insulating coating 151 is formed on the first surface 100a.
  • the first insulating coating 151 is adjacent to the first side 1211.
  • the first insulating coating 151 can improve the safety of the battery.
  • the second surface 100b may or may not have an insulating layer 150.
  • the insulating layer 150 further includes a second insulating coating 152, which is disposed on the second surface 100b and adjacent to the second side 1221.
  • the first electrode unit 100 has an insulating layer 150 on both opposite sides, and the second surface 100b can be provided with a second insulating coating 152.
  • the second insulating coating 152 is adjacent to the second side 1221. In this way, the second insulating coating 152 can improve the safety of the battery.
  • the extension length of the first insulating coating 151 along the first direction is less than 0.1 mm, the effect of the first insulating coating 151 on improving battery safety is limited. If the extension length of the first insulating coating 151 along the first direction is greater than 2.4 mm, the first insulating coating 151 occupies a large area, which is not conducive to welding between multiple first tabs 130 and to increasing the area of the first active coating 121. Therefore, in a specific embodiment, the extension length of the first insulating coating 151 along the first direction is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 2.4 mm.
  • the ratio of the extension length of the first insulating coating 151 to the extension length of the second insulating coating 152 along the first direction is greater than or equal to 1.01 and less than or equal to 4.
  • the extension length of the first insulating coating 151 can be any one of 0.1mm, 0.3mm, 0.6mm, 1mm, 1.3mm, 1.5mm, 1.8mm, 2mm, 2.2mm, and 2.4mm, or fall within any two of these values.
  • the ratio of the extension length of the first insulating coating 151 to the extension length of the second insulating coating 152 can be any one of 1.01, 1.5, 1.8, 2, 2.3, 2.5, 2.8, 3, 3.3, 3.5, 3.8, and 4, or fall within any two of these values.
  • the first insulating coating 151 includes a first region 1511 and a second region 1512 that are adjacent to each other.
  • the projection of the first region 1511 onto the thickness of the first electrode unit 100 covers the first current collector 110, and the projection of the second region 1512 onto the thickness of the first electrode unit 100 covers the first tab 130.
  • a gap exists between the side edge of the first region 1511 along the first direction and the side edge of the first notch 140 along the first direction. In other words, when coating the insulating material, the insulating material is coated on the side of the second empty foil area away from the first empty foil area.
  • the first insulating coating 151 is located at the junction of the first current collector 110 and the first electrode 130. That is, the first insulating coating 151 may include a first region 1511 located in the first current collector 110 and a second region 1512 located in the first electrode 130.
  • the coating range of the insulating material along the second direction will not be too large, and the two sides of the first region 1511 along the first direction will not overlap with the sides of the first notch 140 along the first direction. This can avoid the first insulating layer 150 covering a large area of the first current collector 110, which would reduce the area of the first active coating 121 and thus improve the energy density of the first electrode unit 100.
  • the second active coating 122 includes a first coating region 1222 and a second coating region 1223 that are adjacent to each other.
  • the first coating region 1222 is located at the first tab 130, and the second coating region 1223 is located at the first current collector 110.
  • the extension length of the first coating region 1222 is greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 1 mm.
  • the second active coating 122 when only the first surface 100a is provided with the first insulating coating 151, the second active coating 122 not only covers the first current collector 110, but also covers the first tab 130.
  • the second active coating 122 including a first coating region 1222 located on the first tab 130 and a second coating region 1223 located on the first current collector 110.
  • the first coating region 1222 extends along the first direction for a length ranging from 0.1 mm to 1 mm to avoid excessive cleaning that could damage the first current collector 110, and to avoid the area of the first coating region 1222 being too large and affecting the welding between the multiple first tabs 130.
  • the ratio of the thickness of the insulating layer 150 to the thickness of the first active material layer 120 is greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.9. That is, the insulating layer 150 is thinner than the first active material layer 120. This setting ensures that the insulating layer 150 has a certain thickness to improve battery safety. At the same time, it can prevent the first active material layer 120 and the insulating layer 150 from mixing and causing a decrease in battery capacity when the battery generates heat.
  • the ratio of the extension length of the first notch 140 to the extension length of the insulating layer 150 is greater than or equal to 1.2 and less than or equal to 3.5. This prevents the edge of the first notch 140 from exposing the first current collector 110, thus avoiding safety issues such as short circuits in the battery.
  • the ratio of the extension length of the insulating layer 150 to the extension length of the first tab 130 is greater than or equal to 1.1 and less than or equal to 3. This setting ensures that during die-cutting, the die-cutting position is on the insulating layer 150, thereby preventing burrs from being generated during die-cutting and reducing the probability of lithium plating in the battery.
  • the ratio of the extension length of the first notch 140 to the extension length of the first tab 130 is greater than or equal to 2.5 and less than or equal to 5. It should be understood that when the first electrode unit 100 is wound, the first notches 140 of different folds are difficult to completely overlap. Therefore, a certain tolerance needs to be set.
  • the extension length of the first notch 140 along the second direction can be appropriately set to be larger than the width of the first tab 130, so that the first tab group can be completely contained in the first receiving groove 200, and when the first tabs 130 of different folds have different widths, each of the first tabs 130 of the first tab group can be completely contained in the first receiving groove 200.
  • the ratio of the thickness of the insulating layer 150 to the thickness of the first active material layer 120 can be any one of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, or 0.9, or fall within any two of these values.
  • the ratio of the extension length of the first notch 140 to the extension length of the insulating layer 150 can be any one of 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2, 2.2, 2.5, 2.8, 3, 3.2, or 3.5, or fall within any two of these values.
  • the ratio of the extension length of the insulating layer 150 to the extension length of the first tab 130 can be any one of 1.1, 1.5, 1.8, 2, 2.2, 2.5, 2.8, or 3, or fall within any two of these values.
  • the ratio of the extension length of the first notch 140 to the extension length of the first tab 130 can be any one of 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5 or within any two of these values.
  • the first electrode unit 100 further has a second notch 160.
  • the first notch 140 and the second notch 160 are spaced apart along a second direction, and the first notch 140 and the second notch 160 are located on the same side of the first current collector 110. At least two second notches 160 overlap along the thickness direction of the first current collector 110 to form a second receiving groove.
  • the ratio of the extension length of the first notch 140 to the extension length of the second notch 160 is greater than or equal to 0.4 and greater than or equal to 0.9.
  • the battery further includes a second electrode unit 300, which has opposite polarities to the first electrode unit 100, and the first electrode unit 100 and the second electrode unit 300 are stacked.
  • the second electrode unit 300 includes a second current collector 310, a second active material layer 320, and a third notch 330. At least two third notches 330 overlap in the thickness direction of the first current collector 110. The third notches 330 are correspondingly disposed with the first notch 140 to jointly define the first receiving groove 200.
  • the second active material layer 320 is disposed on opposite sides of the second electrode unit 300. Along the first direction, the side of the second active material layer 320 near the first electrode tab 130 has a third side 321. The projection of the third side 321 into the first electrode unit 100 is located within the insulating layer 150.
  • the process flow of the second electrode unit 300 is similar to that of the first electrode unit 100, and may also include several steps such as coating, cleaning, and die-cutting. However, during cleaning, unlike the misaligned cleaning of the opposite sides of the first electrode unit 100, there is no significant difference in the cleaning of the opposite sides of the second electrode unit 300. After cleaning, the second active material layer 320 on both opposite sides of the second electrode unit 300 forms a third side 321.
  • the third side 321 on the opposite sides of the second electrode unit 300 can overlap, and the projection of the third side 321 on the insulating layer 150 is located within the insulating layer 150, so that the content of the second active material in the second active material layer 320 is higher than the content of the first active material in the first active material layer 120.
  • This allows lithium ions to have sufficient attachment sites on the second electrode unit 300, thereby reducing the probability of lithium plating in the battery and improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • the projection of the third side 321 onto the first insulating coating 151 is located within the first insulating coating 151, and/or, the projection of the third side 321 onto the second insulating coating 152 is located within the second insulating coating 152.
  • the second electrode unit 300 further includes a second electrode tab 340 and a fourth notch 350.
  • the second electrode tab 340 is connected to the second current collector 310, and at least two second electrode tabs 340 are interconnected to form a second electrode tab group.
  • At least two fourth notches 350 overlap along the thickness direction of the second current collector 310.
  • the fourth notch 350 and the second notch 160 are correspondingly disposed to jointly define a second receiving groove.
  • the second electrode tab group is at least partially located in the second receiving groove.
  • a group of second tabs 340 interconnected can improve the charging and discharging efficiency of the battery.
  • the first group of tabs is used to conduct positive current
  • the second group of tabs is used to conduct negative current.
  • the second receiving slot is used to receive multiple second tabs 340 connected to form a second tab group, so that the second tab group does not increase the ineffective volume of the battery, thereby improving the energy density of the battery.
  • the width of the first tab 130 is smaller than the width of the second tab 340, the first receiving groove 200 defined by the plurality of first notches 140 is used to receive the first tab group, and the second receiving groove defined by the plurality of second notches 160 is used to receive the second tab group. Therefore, the extension length of the first notch 140 along the second direction is smaller than the extension length of the second notch 160 along the second direction.
  • the ratio of the extension length of the first notch 140 to the extension length of the second notch 160 can be any one of 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 or within any two of the values, to ensure that the first receiving slot 200 is sufficient to accommodate the first electrode group and that the second receiving slot is sufficient to accommodate the second electrode group.
  • the diaphragm disposed between the first electrode unit 100 and the second electrode unit 300 may also have a fifth notch and a sixth notch.
  • the first notch 140, the third notch 330 and the fifth notch are respectively disposed to define the first receiving groove 200.
  • the second notch 160, the fourth notch 350 and the sixth notch are respectively disposed to define the second receiving groove.
  • the adjacent sides of the first notch 140 have a first fillet, the diameter of which is greater than or equal to 1 mm. And/or, the adjacent sides of the fourth notch 350 have a second fillet, the diameter of which is greater than or equal to 1 mm.
  • This configuration reduces the stress generated during die-cutting when forming the first notch 140 and the second notch 160, thereby preventing stress concentration between adjacent sides of the first notch 140 and the fourth notch 350, and thus preventing the first notch 140 and the second notch 160 from cracking later.
  • the diameter of the first fillet can be any one of 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.5mm, 1.8mm, or 2mm, or fall within any two of these values.
  • the diameter of the second fillet can be any one of 1mm, 1.1mm, 1.4mm, 1.6mm, or 1.8mm, or fall within any two of these values.
  • the battery is a lithium-ion secondary battery.

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Abstract

本公开提供一种电池，电池包括第一极片单元，第一极片单元包括第一集流体、第一活性物质层、第一极耳和第一缺口，第一极耳连接于第一集流体，至少两个第一缺口沿第一集流体的厚度方向重叠形成第一收容槽，至少两个第一极耳相互连接形成第一极耳群，第一极耳群位于第一收容槽内；第一极片单元具有相对的第一表面和第二表面，第一活性物质层包括第一活性涂层和第二活性涂层，第一活性涂层设置于第一表面，第二活性涂层设置于第二表面；第一活性涂层靠近第一极耳的一侧具有第一侧边，第二活性涂层靠近第一极耳的一侧具有第二侧边，第一侧边与第二侧边沿第一方向错开设置。本公开的电池能量密度较高，且第一极片单元的清洗效果较好。

Description

电池 技术领域
本公开涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池。
背景技术
目前，人们对于用电装置的续航时间要求越来越高，故高能量密度仍是目前锂离子电池的主要发展方向之一。
相关技术中，锂离子电池主要包括电池壳体和电芯，电芯和电解液封装在电池壳体内，电芯可以包括正极片、隔膜和负极片，正极片、隔膜和负极片依次层叠后进行卷绕或者叠片，正极片和负极片均可以包括箔材和涂布在箔材表面的活性物质，在涂布时，在极片长度方向的一侧预留出部分空箔区，之后清洗掉部分活性物质，再进行模切，就可以使箔材分别形成集流体和箔材极耳，活性物质覆盖集流体，多个箔材极耳折弯之后焊接连接，便可以形成极耳群，极耳群通过转接极耳与外部装置连接，从而将电芯的电流引出。
由于极耳群需要占据电池壳体内部的部分空间，进而增大了电池的无效体积，从而降低了电池的能量密度。
发明内容
基于此，本公开提供了一种电池，能够解决极耳群占据电池壳体内部的部分空间致使电池的体积增大，能量密度降低的问题。
本公开实施例提供的电池，包括极性相反的第一极片单元和第二极片单元，所述第一极片单元和所述第二极片单元层叠形成电芯，第一极片单元包括第一集流体、第一活性物质层、若干个第一极耳和若干个第一缺口，第二极片单元包括若干个第二极耳，第一极耳连接于第一集流体，若干个第一缺口沿第一集流体的厚度方向重叠形成第一收容槽，若干个第一极耳相互连接形成第一极耳群，第一极耳群至少部分位于第一收容槽内；
第一极片单元具有相对的第一表面和第二表面，第一活性物质层包括第一活性涂层和第二活性涂层，第一活性涂层设置于第一表面，第二活性涂层设置于第二表面；
第一活性涂层靠近第一极耳的一侧具有第一侧边，第二活性涂层靠近第一极耳的一侧具有第二侧边，第一侧边和第二侧边均沿第二方向延伸，第一侧边与第二侧边沿第一方向错开设置。
本公开提供的电池包括第一极片单元，第一极片单元包括第一集流体、第一活性物质层、第一极耳和第一缺口，第一活性物质层包括第一活性涂层和第二活性涂层，第一活性涂层包括第一侧边，第二活性涂层包括第二侧边。通过设置第一活性物质层用于与电解液反应，以生成电流，通过设置第一集流体用于收集第一活性物质层产生的电流，通过设置第一极耳用于导出第一集流体的电流导出，通过使至少两个第一极耳相互连接形成第一极耳群，以提高电池的充放电效率，通过设置第一缺口，以使得第一极片单元卷绕或堆叠后，至少两个第一缺口沿第一集流体的厚度方向重叠形成第一收容槽，进而将第一极耳群收容在第一收容槽内，以避免第一极耳群增大电池的无效体积，从而提高电池的能量密度。通过使第一侧边和第二侧边沿第一方向错开设置，进而能够保证清洗效果和防止清洗时第一集流体破损。
除了上面所描述的本公开实施例解决的技术问题、构成技术方案的技术特征以及由这些技术方案的技术特征所带来的有益效果外，本公开提供的电池所能解决的其他技术问题、技术方案中包含的其他技术特征以及这些技术特征带来的有益效果，将在具体实施方式中作出进一步详细的说明。
在本文中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值，这些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围或值的值。对于数值范围来说，各个范围的端点值之间、各个范围的端点值和单独的点值之间，以及单独的点值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围，这些数值范围应被视为在本文中具体公开。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本公开的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本公开实施例提供的电池的结构示意图；
图2为本公开实施例提供的电池中第一极片单元的结构示意图；
图3为图2的A-A向剖面视图；
图4为本公开实施例提供的电池中第一极片单元的第一表面的结构示意图；
图5为本公开实施例提供的电池中第一极片单元的第二表面的结构示意图；
图6为本公开实施例提供的电池中第一集流体和第一极耳的结构示意图；
图7为本公开实施例提供的电池中第二极片单元的结构示意图；
图8为本公开实施例提供的电池中第一极片单元和第二极片单元的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
100-第一极片单元；100a-第一表面；100b-第二表面；110-第一集流体；120-
第一活性物质层；121-第一活性涂层；1211-第一侧边；122-第二活性涂层；1221-第二侧边；1222-第一涂层区；1223-第二涂层区；130-第一极耳；140-第一缺口；150-绝缘层；151-第一绝缘涂层；1511-第一区域；1512-第二区域；152-第二绝缘涂层；160-第二缺口；200-第一收容槽；300-第二极片单元；310-第二集流体；320-第二活性物质层；321-第三侧边；330-第三缺口；340-第二极耳；350-第四缺口。
具体实施方式
为使本公开的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本公开的优选实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行更加详细的描述。在附图中，自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的部件或具有相同或类似功能的部件。所描述的实施例是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本公开，而不能理解为对本公开的限制。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。下面结合附图对本公开的实施例进行详细说明。
在本公开的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应作广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或者两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。
在本公开的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或者位置关系为基于附图的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或者暗示所指的装置或者元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。
本公开的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本公开的实施例中例如能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。
此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或显示器不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或显示器固有的其它步骤或单元。
相关技术中，锂离子电池主要包括电池壳体和电芯，电芯和电解液封装在电池壳体内，电芯可以包括正极片、隔膜和负极片，正极片、隔膜和负极片依次层叠后进行卷绕或者叠片，正极片和负极片均可以包括箔材和涂布在箔材表面的活性物质，在涂布时，在极片长度方向的一侧预留出部分空箔区，之后清洗掉部分活性物质，再进行模切，就可以使箔材分别形成集流体和箔材极耳，活性物质覆盖集流体，多个箔材极耳折弯之后焊接连接，便可以形成极耳群，极耳群通过转接极耳与外部装置连接，从而将电芯的电流引出。
由于极耳群需要占据电池壳体内部的部分空间，进而增大了电池的无效体积，从而降低了电池的能量密度。
鉴于上述问题，本公开实施例提供了一种电池，通过在第一极片单元设置第一缺口，以使得第一极片单元卷绕或者叠片形成电芯后，至少两个第一缺口沿电芯的厚度方向重叠，进而形成第一收容槽，进而可以将第一极耳群收容在第一收容槽内，从而可以避免第一极耳群增加电池的无效体积，以提高电池的能量密度。同时，第一极片单元靠近第一极耳的一侧，第一极片单元相对两面的第一活性物质层错位设置，进而保证第一活性物质层的活性物质清洗到位和防止清洗时第一集流体破损。
以下结合附图1至附图8对本公开实施例提供的电池的具体实施方式进行详细说明。
参照图1至图6所示，本公开实施例提供的电池包括第一极片单元100，第一极片单元100包括第一集流体110、第一活性物质层120、第一极耳130和第一缺口140，第一极耳130连接于第一集流体110，至少两个第一缺口140沿第一集流体110的厚度方向重叠形成第一收容槽200，至少两个第一极耳130相互连接形成第一极耳群，第一极耳群至少部分位于第一收容槽200内。
第一极片单元100具有相对的第一表面100a和第二表面100b，第一活性物质层120包括第一活性涂层121和第二活性涂层122，第一活性涂层121设置于第一表面100a，第二活性涂层122设置于第二表面100b。
沿第一方向，第一活性涂层121靠近第一极耳130的一侧具有第一侧边1211，第二活性涂层122靠近第一极耳130的一侧具有第二侧边1221，第一侧边1211与第二侧边1221均沿第二方向延伸，第一侧边1211与第二侧边1221沿第一方向错开设置。
其中，第一方向可参照图4与图5中的X方向，第二方向可参照图4与图5中的Y方向。在本公开中，X方向为第一极片单元的宽度方向，也即极耳的延伸方向，Y方向为第一极片单元的长度方向。
需要说明的是，电池还可以包括第二极片单元300和隔膜，第一极片单元100和第二极片单元300的极性相反，第一极片单元100、隔膜和第二极片单元300依次层叠后进行卷绕，以形成卷绕式电芯，或者，第一极片单元100、隔膜和第二极片单元300依次层叠后进行堆叠，以形成叠片式电芯，无论是卷绕式电芯或叠片式电芯，电芯至少具有两个折层或者叠层。
其中，第一极片单元100可以包括第一集流体110、第一活性物质层120、第一极耳130和第一缺口140，为了便于解释，以第一极片单元100的极性为正极进行示例，并结合第一极片单元100的工艺流程对第一极片单元100的结构进行说明。
第一极片单元100的工艺流程主要包括涂布、清洗和模切等，首先沿铝箔的长度方向在铝箔上涂布第一活性材料，以形成第一活性物质层120，且在涂布时，在铝箔长度方向的一侧预留出部分区域不涂布第一活性材料，也即第一空箔区，之后，在已经涂布第一活性物质层120的预设区域进行清洗，以清洗掉该预设区域的第一活性材料，进而形成第二空箔区，第一空箔区和第二空箔区共同组成空箔区，然后，对空箔区进行模切，便可以使得铝箔分别形成第一集流体110和第一极耳130，且模切之后，可以在第一极片单元100上形成第一缺口140。
之后，可以对第一极片单元100进行卷绕，以形成卷绕式电芯，电芯可以具有多个折层，一部分折层可以具有第一极耳130，另一部分折层不具有第一极耳130，第一缺口140和第一极耳130一一对应设置，多个第一极耳130折弯后进行焊接，以形成第一极耳群，同时，各个折层的第一缺口140重叠，进而形成第一收容槽200，第一极耳群可以被收容在第一收容槽200内，这样可以避免第一极耳群增加电池的无效体积，从而能够有效提高电池的能量密度。
或者，可以对第一极片单元100进行堆叠，以形成叠片式电芯，电芯可以具有多个叠层，每个叠层均可以具有第一极耳130，第一缺口140和第一极耳130一一对应设置，多个第一极耳130折弯后进行焊接，以形成第一极耳群，同时，每个叠层的第一缺口140重叠，进而形成第一收容槽200，第一极耳群可以被收容在第一收容槽200内，这样可以避免第一极耳群增加电池的无效体积，从而能够有效提高电池的能量密度。
应当理解的是，在清洗时，清洗工具可以采用刮刀，刮刀沿第一集流体110的宽度方向由外向内进行刮洗，先清洗第一极片单元100的第一表面100a，再清洗第一极片单元100的第二表面100b，为了保证清洗效果以及防止清洗时第一集流体110破损，可以对第一表面100a的第一活性涂层121和第二表面100b的第二活性涂层122进行错位清洗，刮刀在第一表面100a清洗时，在清洗至第一集流体110和第一极耳130的交界处时，会继续向第一集流体110的方向移动，直至清洗暴露出部分第一集流体110，而刮刀在第二表面100b清洗时，在清洗至第一集流体110和第一极耳130的交界处时，不会继续向第一集流体110的方向移动，不会暴露出第一集流体110。如此，可以保障刮刀清洗到位以充分暴露出铝箔，以便于形成第二空箔区，同时可以避免刮刀清洗过度而导致第一集流体110破损。
如此，在最终形成的电池中，第一侧边1211和第二侧边1221均沿第二方向延伸，且第一侧边1211和第二侧边1221沿第一方向错开设置。第一侧边1211沿第一极片单元100厚度方向的投影位于第一集流体110，第二侧边1221沿第一极片单元100厚度方向的投影位于第一极耳130，第一表面100a和第二表面100b中的一者暴露出部分第一集流体110，另一者不会暴露出第一集流体110。
本公开实施例提供的电池包括第一极片单元100，第一极片单元100包括第一集流体110、第一活性物质层120、第一极耳130和第一缺口140，第一活性物质层120包括第一活性涂层121和第二活性涂层122，第一活性涂层121包括第一侧边1211，第二活性涂层122包括第二侧边1221。通过设置第一活性物质层120用于与电解液反应，以生成电流，通过设置第一集流体110用于收集第一活性物质层120产生的电流，通过设置第一极耳130用于导出第一集流体110的电流，通过使至少两个第一极耳130相互连接形成第一极耳群，以提高电池的充放电效率，通过设置第一缺口140，以使得第一极片单元100卷绕或堆叠后，至少两个第一缺口140沿第一集流体110的厚度方向重叠形成第一收容槽200，进而将第一极耳群收容在第一收容槽200内，以避免第一极耳群增大电池的无效体积，从而提高电池的能量密度。通过使第一侧边1211和第二侧边1221沿第一方向错开设置，进而能够保证清洗效果和防止清洗时第一集流体110破损。
在一些实施方式中，沿第一方向，第一侧边1211和第二侧边1221之间的距离大于或等于0.5mm，小于或等于2.5mm。
若第一侧边1211和第二侧边1221之间的距离小于0.5mm，则第一侧边1211和第二侧边1221错开的距离过小，可能会导致第二表面100b清洗不到位，清洗效果欠佳，若第一侧边1211和第二侧边1221之间的距离大于2.5mm，则第一侧边1211和第二侧边1221错开的距离过大，可能会导致第一表面100a清洗过度，进而导致第一集流体110破损，因此，将第一侧边1211和第二侧边1221之间的距离设置在0.5mm至2.5mm之间，以提高清洗效果。
示例性的，第一侧边1211和第二侧边1221之间的距离可以为0.5mm、0.8mm、1mm、1.3mm、1.5mm、1.8mm、2mm、2.3mm、2.5mm中的任意一个数值或者位于任意两个数值范围内。由于第一表面100a和第二表面100b中的一者暴露出部分第一集流体110，另一者不会暴露出第一集流体110，因此，第一侧边1211和第二侧边1221沿第一极片单元100厚度方向上的投影，其中一者位于第一集流体110，另一者位于第一极耳130。在本公开中，第一侧边1211和第二侧边1221之间的距离指的是，第一侧边1211沿第一极片单元100厚度方向在第一集流体110或第一极耳130上的投影位置与第二侧边1221沿第一极片单元100厚度方向在第一极耳130或第一集流体110上的投影位置之间的距离。
参照图2至图4所示，在一种具体的实施方式中，第一极片单元100还包括绝缘层150，绝缘层150包括第一绝缘涂层151，第一绝缘涂层151设置于第一表面100a，并与第一侧边1211邻接，第二侧边1221在第一绝缘涂层151的投影位于第一绝缘涂层151内。
需要说明的是，在清洗之后和模切之前，可以在第二空箔区背离第一空箔区的一侧涂布绝缘材料，这样，在第一表面100a形成第一绝缘涂层151，第一绝缘涂层151与第一侧边1211临接，第一绝缘涂层151可以提高电池的安全性。
参照图2至图5所示，值得一提的是，第二表面100b可以不设置绝缘层150，也可以设置绝缘层150，在一种具体的实施方式中，绝缘层150还包括第二绝缘涂层152，第二绝缘涂层152设置于第二表面100b，并与第二侧边1221邻接。
也就是说，第一极片单元100的相对两面均设有绝缘层150，第二表面100b可以设置第二绝缘涂层152，第二绝缘涂层152与第二侧边1221邻接，这样，第二绝缘涂层152可以提高电池的安全性。
当第一极片单元100仅设置第一绝缘涂层151时，若第一绝缘涂层151沿第一方向的延伸长度小于0.1mm，则第一绝缘涂层151对提高电池安全性的作用有限，若第一绝缘涂层151沿第一方向的延伸长度大于2.4mm，则第一绝缘涂层151占据面积较大，不利于多个第一极耳130之间焊接，以及不利于提高第一活性涂层121的面积。因此，在一种具体的实施方式中，沿第一方向，第一绝缘涂层151的延伸长度大于或等于0.1mm，小于或等于2.4mm。
当第一极片单元100同时设置第一绝缘涂层151和第二绝缘涂层152时，沿第一方向，第一绝缘涂层151的延伸长度和第二绝缘涂层152的延伸长度的比值大于或等于1.01，小于或等于4。如此设置，可以确保模切时，模切位置在绝缘层150上，进而可以防止模切时产生毛刺，以及避免第一活性物质层120延伸至第一极耳130，进而降低电池析锂的概率。
示例性的，沿第一方向，第一绝缘涂层151的延伸长度可以为0.1mm、0.3mm、0.6mm、1mm、1.3mm、1.5mm、1.8mm、2mm、2.2mm、2.4mm中的任意一个数值或者位于任意两个数值范围内。和/或，沿第一方向，第一绝缘涂层151的延伸长度和第二绝缘涂层152的延伸长度的比值可以为1.01、1.5、1.8、2、2.3、2.5、2.8、3、3.3、3.5、3.8、4中的任意一个数值或者位于任意两个数值范围内。
在一种具体的实施方式中，第一绝缘涂层151包括相互邻接的第一区域1511和第二区域1512，第一区域1511在第一极片单元100厚度上的投影覆盖第一集流体110，第二区域1512在第一极片单元100厚度上的投影覆盖第一极耳130。其中，第一区域1511的沿第一方向的侧边与第一缺口140的沿第一方向的侧边之间具有间距。也就是说，在涂布绝缘材料时，绝缘材料涂布在第二空箔区背离第一空箔区的一侧，在模切分别形成第一集流体110和第一极耳130之后，第一绝缘涂层151位于第一集流体110和第一极耳130的交界处，也即，第一绝缘涂层151可以包括位于第一集流体110的第一区域1511和位于第一极耳130的第二区域1512，且绝缘材料沿第二方向的涂布范围不会过大，第一区域1511的沿第一方向的两个侧边不会与第一缺口140的沿第一方向的侧边重叠，进而可以避免第一绝缘层150覆盖第一集流体110的面积较大，而导致第一活性涂层121的面积降低，从而能够提高第一极片单元100的能量密度。
参照图5所示，在一种具体的实施方式中，第二活性涂层122包括相互邻接的第一涂层区1222和第二涂层区1223，第一涂层区1222位于第一极耳130，第二涂层区1223位于第一集流体110，沿第一方向，第一涂层区1222的延伸长度大于或等于0.1mm，小于或等于1mm。
也就是说，仅有第一表面100a设置第一绝缘涂层151时，第二活性涂层122不仅覆盖第一集流体110，第二活性涂层122还覆盖第一极耳130，进而使得第二活性涂层122包括位于第一极耳130的第一涂层区1222和位于第一集流体110的第二涂层区1223，其中，第一涂层区1222沿第一方向的延伸长度范围为0.1mm至1mm，以避免清洗过度而导致第一集流体110破损，以及避免第一涂层区1222的面积过大而影响多个第一极耳130之间焊接。
在一些实施例中，绝缘层150的厚度与第一活性物质层120的厚度的比值大于或等于0.1，小于或等于0.9。也即，绝缘层150比第一活性物质层120要薄，如此设置，可以保证绝缘层150具有一定的厚度，以提高电池的安全性，同时，可以避免电池产热时，第一活性物质层120与绝缘层150混溶而导致电池容量降低。
和/或，沿第一方向，第一缺口140的延伸长度与绝缘层150的延伸长度之比大于或等于1.2，小于或等于3.5。如此，可以防止第一缺口140的边沿暴露出第一集流体110而导致电池出现短路等安全问题。
和/或，沿第一方向，绝缘层150的延伸长度与第一极耳130的延伸长度之比大于或等于1.1，小于或等于3。如此设置，可以确保模切时，模切位置在绝缘层150上，进而可以防止模切时产生毛刺，进而降低电池析锂的概率。
和/或，沿第二方向，第一缺口140的延伸长度与第一极耳130的延伸长度之比大于或等于2.5，小于或等于5。应当理解的是，当第一极片单元100卷绕后，不同折层的第一缺口140难以完全重合，因此，需要设置一定的容差，第一缺口140沿第二方向的延伸长度可以适当地设置得比第一极耳130的宽度大一些，进而使得第一极耳群能够被完全收容在第一收容槽200内，以及在不同折层的第一极耳130具有不同宽度时，第一极耳群的各个第一极耳130均能完全被收容在第一收容槽200内。
示例性的，绝缘层150的厚度与第一活性物质层120的厚度的比值可以为0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9中的任意一个数值或者位于任意两个数值范围内。和/或，沿第一方向，第一缺口140的延伸长度与绝缘层150的延伸长度之比可以为1.2、1.5、1.8、2、2.2、2.5、2.8、3、3.2、3.5中的任意一个数值或者位于任意两个数值范围内。和/或，沿第一方向，绝缘层150的延伸长度与第一极耳130的延伸长度之比可以为1.1、1.5、1.8、2、2.2、2.5、2.8、3中的任意一个数值或者位于任意两个数值范围内。和/或，沿第二方向，第一缺口140的延伸长度与第一极耳130的延伸长度之比可以为2.5、3、3.5、4、4.5、5中的任意一个数值或者位于任意两个数值范围内。
参照图2所示，在一种具体的实施方式中，第一极片单元100还具有第二缺口160，第一缺口140和第二缺口160沿第二方向间隔设置，且第一缺口140和第二缺口160位于第一集流体110的同一侧，至少两个第二缺口160沿第一集流体110的厚度方向重叠形成第二收容槽。
沿第二方向，第一缺口140的延伸长度与第二缺口160的延伸长度之比大于或等于0.4，大于或等于0.9。
参照图2、图7与图8所示，在一种具体的实施方式中，电池还包括第二极片单元300，第二极片单元300和第一极片单元100的极性相反，第一极片单元100和第二极片单元300层叠设置。
第二极片单元300包括第二集流体310、第二活性物质层320和第三缺口330，至少两个第三缺口330在第一集流体110的厚度方向重叠，第三缺口330与第一缺口140对应设置，以共同限定出第一收容槽200。第二活性物质层320设置于第二极片单元300的相对两面，沿第一方向，第二活性物质层320靠近第一极耳130的一侧具有第三侧边321，第三侧边321在第一极片单元100的投影位于绝缘层150内。
应当理解的是，第二极片单元300的工艺流程与第一极片单元100的工艺流程相似，也可以包括涂布、清洗和模切等几个步骤，其中，在清洗时，不同于第一极片单元100相对两面的错位清洗，针对第二极片单元300的相对两面的清洗无明显差异，清洗之后，第二极片单元300的相对两面的第二活性物质层320均形成第三侧边321，在公差允许的范围内，第二极片单元300的相对两面的第三侧边321可以重合，并且，第三侧边321在绝缘层150的投影位于绝缘层150内，以使得第二活性物质层320的第二活性材料的含量高于第一活性物质层120的第一活性材料的含量，进而使得锂离子在第二极片单元300上具有足够的附着位点，进而降低电池析锂的概率，从而提高电池的安全性能。
其中，第三侧边321在第一绝缘涂层151的投影位于第一绝缘涂层151内，和/或，第三侧边321在第二绝缘涂层152的投影位于第二绝缘涂层152内。
参照图2、图7与图8所示，在一些实施方式中，第二极片单元300还包括第二极耳340和第四缺口350，第二极耳340连接于第二集流体310，至少两个第二极耳340相互连接形成第二极耳群，至少两个第四缺口350沿第二集流体310的厚度方向重叠，第四缺口350和第二缺口160对应设置，以共同限定出第二收容槽，第二极耳群至少部分位于第二收容槽。
需要说明的是，相比单个的第二极耳340，多个第二极耳340相互连接的第二极耳群可以提高电池的充放电效率，例如，第一极耳群用于导出正极电流，第二极耳群用于导出负极电流。
第二收容槽用于收容多个第二极耳340连接形成第二极耳群，进而使得第二极耳群不会增加电池的无效体积，从而提高电池的能量密度。
由于第一极耳130的宽度要小于第二极耳340的宽度，多个第一缺口140限定出的第一收容槽200用于收容第一极耳群，多个第二缺口160限定出的第二收容槽用于收容第二极耳群，因此，第一缺口140沿第二方向的延伸长度比第二缺口160沿第二方向的延伸长度要小。
示例性的，沿第二方向，第一缺口140的延伸长度与第二缺口160的延伸长度之比可以为0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9中的任意一个数值或者位于任意两个数值范围内，以保证第一收容槽200足以容纳第一极耳群，以及保证第二收容槽足以容纳第二极耳群。
在一些实施例中，设置在第一极片单元100和第二极片单元300之间的隔膜也可以设置第五缺口和第六缺口，第一缺口140、第三缺口330和第五缺口对应对应设置，以共同限定出第一收容槽200。第二缺口160、第四缺口350和第六缺口对应设置，以共同限定出第二收容槽。
在一些实施例中，第一缺口140的相邻侧边之间具有第一圆角，第一圆角的直径大于或等于1mm。和/或，第四缺口350的相邻侧边之间具有第二圆角，第二圆角的直径大于或等于1mm。
如此设置，在模切形成第一缺口140以及第二缺口160时，可以减小模切时产生的应力，进而避免在第一缺口140的相邻侧边之间、第四缺口350的相邻侧边之间产生应力集中的现象，从而避免后续第一缺口140和第二缺口160裂开。
示例性的，第一圆角的直径可以为1mm、1.2mm、1.5mm、1.8mm、2mm中的任意一个数值或者位于任意两个数值范围内。和/或，第二圆角的直径可以为1mm、1.1mm、1.4mm、1.6mm、1.8mm中的任意一个数值或者位于任意两个数值范围内。
在一些实施例中，所述电池为锂离子二次电池。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本公开的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本公开进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本公开各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括极性相反的第一极片单元和第二极片单元，所述第一极片单元和所述第二极片单元层叠形成电芯，所述第一极片单元包括第一集流体、第一活性物质层、若干个第一极耳和若干个第一缺口，所述第二极片单元包括若干个第二极耳，所述第一极耳连接于所述第一集流体，若干个所述第一缺口沿所述第一集流体的厚度方向重叠形成第一收容槽，若干个所述第一极耳层叠形成第一极耳群，所述第一极耳群至少部分位于所述第一收容槽内；
    所述第一极片单元具有相对的第一表面和第二表面，所述第一活性物质层包括第一活性涂层和第二活性涂层，所述第一活性涂层设置于所述第一表面，所述第二活性涂层设置于所述第二表面；
    所述第一活性涂层靠近所述第一极耳的一侧具有第一侧边，所述第二活性涂层靠近所述第一极耳的一侧具有第二侧边，所述第一侧边和所述第二侧边均沿第二方向延伸，所述第一侧边与所述第二侧边沿第一方向错开设置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，沿所述第一方向，所述第一侧边和所述第二侧边之间的距离大于或等于0.5mm，小于或等于2.5mm。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一极片单元还包括绝缘层，所述绝缘层包括第一绝缘涂层，所述第一绝缘涂层设置于所述第一表面，并与所述第一侧边邻接，所述第二侧边在所述第一极片单元厚度方向的投影位于所述第一绝缘涂层内；
    优选地，所述第一绝缘涂的延伸长度为大于或等于0.1mm，小于或等于2.4mm。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池，其特征在于，所述绝缘层还包括第二绝缘涂层，所述第二绝缘涂层设置于所述第二表面，并与所述第二侧边邻接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池，其特征在于，沿所述第一方向，所述第一绝缘涂层的延伸长度和所述第二绝缘涂层的延伸长度的比值大于或等于1.01，小于或等于4。
  6. 根据权利要求3-5中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一绝缘涂层包括相互邻接的第一区域和第二区域，所述第一区域在所述第一极片单元厚度上的投影覆盖所述第一集流体，所述第二区域在所述第一极片单元厚度上的投影覆盖所述第一极耳；
    所述第一区域的沿所述第一方向的侧边与所述第一缺口的沿所述第一方向的侧边之间具有间距。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第二活性涂层包括相互邻接的第一涂层区和第二涂层区，所述第一涂层区位于所述第一极耳，所述第二涂层区位于所述第一集流体；
    沿所述第一方向，所述第一涂层区的延伸长度大于或等于0.1mm，小于或等于1mm。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的电池，其特征在于，所述绝缘层的厚度与所述第一活性物质层的厚度的比值大于或等于0.1，小于或等于0.9；
    和/或，沿所述第一方向，所述第一缺口的延伸长度与所述绝缘层的延伸长度之比大于或等于1.2，小于或等于3.5；
    和/或，沿所述第二方向，所述绝缘层的延伸长度与所述第一极耳的延伸长度之比大于或等于1.1，小于或等于3；
    和/或，沿所述第一方向，所述第一缺口的延伸长度与所述第一极耳的延伸长度之比大于或等于2.5，小于或等于5。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一极片单元还具有若干个第二缺口，所述第一缺口和所述第二缺口沿所述第二方向间隔设置，且所述第一缺口和所述第二缺口位于所述第一集流体的同一侧，若干个所述第二缺口沿所述第一集流体的厚度方向重叠形成第二收容槽，若干个所述第二极耳层叠形成第二极耳群，所述第二极耳群至少部分位于所述第二收容槽内。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池，其特征在于，沿所述第二方向，所述第一缺口的延伸长度与所述第二缺口的延伸长度之比大于或等于0.4，大于或等于0.9。
  11. 根据权利要求3-10中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第二极片单元还包括第二集流体、第二活性物质层和若干个第三缺口，若干个所述第三缺口在所述第一集流体的厚度方向重叠，所述第三缺口与所述第一缺口对应设置；
    所述第二活性物质层设置于所述第二极片单元的相对两面，沿所述第一方向，所述第二活性物质层靠近所述第一极耳的一侧具有第三侧边，所述第三侧边在所述第一极片单元厚度方向的投影位于所述绝缘层内。
  12. 根据权利要求9-11中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第二极片单元还包括若干个第四缺口，所述第二极耳连接于所述第二集流体，若干个所述第四缺口沿所述第二集流体的厚度方向重叠，所述第四缺口和所述第二缺口对应设置。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第一缺口的相邻侧边之间具有第一圆角，所述第一圆角的直径大于或等于1mm。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第四缺口的相邻侧边之间具有第二圆角，所述第二圆角的直径大于或等于1mm。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池为锂离子二次电池。
PCT/CN2025/104863 2024-06-28 2025-06-27 电池 Pending WO2026002256A1 (zh)

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