WO2025222602A1 - 一种转向架及车辆 - Google Patents

一种转向架及车辆

Info

Publication number
WO2025222602A1
WO2025222602A1 PCT/CN2024/099258 CN2024099258W WO2025222602A1 WO 2025222602 A1 WO2025222602 A1 WO 2025222602A1 CN 2024099258 W CN2024099258 W CN 2024099258W WO 2025222602 A1 WO2025222602 A1 WO 2025222602A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bogie
bolster
vehicle
along
axle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/099258
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李诺
韩俊臣
都青华
李稳
任利惠
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co Ltd
Original Assignee
CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co Ltd filed Critical CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025222602A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025222602A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/04—Bolster supports or mountings
    • B61F5/10—Bolster supports or mountings incorporating fluid springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/22—Guiding of the vehicle underframes with respect to the bogies
    • B61F5/24—Means for damping or minimising the canting, skewing, pitching, or plunging movements of the underframes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/50—Other details
    • B61F5/52—Bogie frames

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of vehicle powertrain systems, and in particular to a bogie and a vehicle.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a bogie, wherein the bogie comprises:
  • the anti-roll device includes a bolster and a torsion bar.
  • the bolster is disposed above the secondary suspension component.
  • the end of the torsion bar is rotatably connected to the frame via a connecting rod, and the side of the torsion bar is rotatably connected to the bolster.
  • the bogie further includes an axle assembly comprising two axles spaced apart along a first direction; each axle extends along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; the axle assembly further includes a wheel and an axle box; and each axle has a wheel and an axle box at both ends of its extension direction.
  • an axle assembly comprising two axles spaced apart along a first direction; each axle extends along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; the axle assembly further includes a wheel and an axle box; and each axle has a wheel and an axle box at both ends of its extension direction.
  • the frame includes side beams and a crossbeam.
  • each side beam has two first recesses at its bottom that open toward the axle, the two first recesses being distributed along the first direction such that the axle box is located in the first recesses; a second recess is formed at the center of the top of the side beam, the second recess penetrating the opposite side of the side beam along the second direction; and a third recess is formed at the top of the crossbeam corresponding to the second recess.
  • the primary suspension member is located in the first recess and connected between the frame and the axle box, and the primary suspension member is formed as a rubber spring; the secondary suspension member is disposed in the second recess.
  • the bolster extends along the second direction, and the bottoms of both ends of the bolster's extension direction are respectively connected to the tops of the two secondary suspension components.
  • the torsion bar is located at the first end of the rocker; the torsion bar is formed as a U-shaped structure with an opening in a direction away from the rocker.
  • the bogie further includes two traction devices; along the first direction, both traction devices are located at the second end of the bolster; along the second direction, the traction devices are located on the opposite side of the two side beams; the two ends of the traction devices are respectively connected to the frame and the bolster.
  • a vehicle wherein the vehicle includes a bogie as described above.
  • the secondary suspension component in the suspension device is set as an air spring, which can provide the vehicle with the most suitable stiffness characteristics to ensure high comfort during vehicle operation; in addition, the air spring can automatically inflate or deflate according to the change of passenger load to ensure that the vehicle floor surface remains within a fixed height range, thereby facilitating passengers to get on and off the vehicle at the platform, thus improving the passenger travel experience.
  • the present invention assembles the torsion bar and the bolster in a corresponding manner, thereby making full use of the upper space of the bogie and releasing the lower space of the bogie to meet the requirements of the vehicle's lower clearance. At the same time, it can also effectively improve the anti-roll performance of the bogie and the vehicle, that is, it can prevent the vehicle body from tilting excessively when driving at high speed, thereby effectively improving the stability of the vehicle when running at high speed.
  • Figure 1 is a top view of a bogie according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a front view of a bogie according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Icons 11-Axle; 12-Wheel; 13-Axle box; 2-Side beam; 21-First recess; 22-Second recess; 31-Primary suspension; 32-Secondary suspension; 4-Traction device; 51-Ballast; 52-Torsion bar; 53-Connecting rod; 61-Gearbox; 62-Traction motor; 71-Hydraulic braking unit; 72-Magnetic track braking unit.
  • first,””second,” and “third” may be used herein to describe individual components, assemblies, regions, layers, or parts, these components, assemblies, regions, layers, or parts are not limited by these terms. Rather, these terms are used only to distinguish one component, assembly, region, layer, or part from another component, assembly, region, layer, or part. Layers or parts are distinguished. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of the examples, the first component, assembly, region, layer, or part referred to in the examples described herein may also be referred to as the second component, assembly, region, layer, or part.
  • spatial relation terms such as “above,” “upper,” “below,” and “lower” are used herein to describe the relationship between one element and another, as shown in the accompanying drawings. Such spatial relation terms are intended to include not only the orientation depicted in the drawings but also different orientations of the device during use or operation. For example, if the device in the drawings is flipped, an element described as being “above” or “upper” relative to another element will subsequently be “below” or “lower” relative to that other element. Therefore, the term “above” includes both “above” and “below” orientations depending on the spatial orientation of the device. The device may also be positioned in other ways (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relation terms used herein will be interpreted accordingly.
  • a bogie is provided, as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the bogie in this embodiment includes a frame, a suspension device, an anti-roll device, a wheel axle assembly, a traction device 4, a drive device, and a braking device.
  • the cooperation of these components enables the bogie to possess high stability and ride comfort.
  • the specific connection and positional relationships of the aforementioned components of the bogie according to the present invention will be described in detail below.
  • the wheel axle assembly includes two axles 11 spaced apart along a first direction. Each axle 11 extends along a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the first direction becomes the vehicle's direction of travel
  • the second direction becomes the width direction of the vehicle body.
  • the wheel axle assembly also includes wheels 12 and axle boxes 13. Each axle 11 has a wheel 12 and an axle box 13 at both ends of its extension direction. The axle box 13 transmits the vehicle's weight and load to the wheels 12.
  • the wheel 12 is an elastic wheel 12 with a diameter of 700-800mm, and a large-diameter wheel...
  • the 12 is more conducive to the high-speed operation of the vehicle.
  • the elastic wheel 12 can absorb the high-frequency vibration between the wheel and the rail to reduce the wheel-rail impact, thereby further improving the stability of the bogie and the vehicle during operation.
  • the bogie in this embodiment is provided with a frame.
  • This frame facilitates the connection and coordination of the various components within the bogie, ensuring the consistency and rationality of the overall bogie structure.
  • the frame in this embodiment includes two side beams 2 and a crossbeam.
  • the two side beams 2 are distributed along a second direction, and along this second direction (as shown in Figure 1), the side beams 2 are located on the opposite side of the two wheels 12 connected to the same axle 11, i.e., the wheels 12 are located between the two side beams 2 (the wheels 12 are located inside the side beams 2).
  • the crossbeam is located between the two axles, and both ends of the crossbeam along the second direction are connected to the two side beams 2 respectively.
  • each side beam 2 has two first recesses 21 at its bottom that open toward the axle 11. These two first recesses 21 are distributed along a first direction at both ends of the side beam 2, so that each axle box 13 is located in its corresponding first recess 21. Furthermore, a second recess 22 is formed at the center of the top of each side beam 2. This second recess 22 extends along a second direction through the opposite side of the frame. The secondary suspension components 32 are correspondingly disposed in the second recess 22. This effectively reduces the overall height of the bogie, thereby reducing the height difference between the vehicle floor and the platform, facilitating passenger boarding and alighting. To avoid interference between the secondary suspension components 32 and the crossbeam, although not shown in the figures, a third recess corresponding to the second recess 22 is formed on the top of the crossbeam in this embodiment.
  • the suspension system includes a primary suspension component 31 and a secondary suspension component 32.
  • the primary suspension component 31 uses a herringbone rubber spring, which has certain nonlinear stiffness characteristics, thus facilitating the provision of appropriate stiffness for the vehicle under different load conditions.
  • the primary suspension component 31 is located in the first recess 21 and connected between the side beam 2 and the axle box 13 (specifically, a mounting bracket for the primary suspension component 31 is provided below the axle box 13, and the side beam 2 is also provided with a mounting bracket for the primary suspension component 31. Under the weight of the vehicle body, the primary suspension component 31 is fixedly clamped between the axle box 13 and the side beam 2 through the mounting brackets on the axle box 13 and the side beam 2).
  • the rubber spring has a small volume, which is beneficial for lowering the tram floor.
  • rubber also has certain vibration reduction and noise reduction functions as well as the ability to absorb vibration energy, thereby improving the stability and comfort of the vehicle when running at high speeds.
  • the bogie in this embodiment includes two secondary suspension components 32, which are respectively disposed in the second recesses 22 of the two side beams 2.
  • the secondary suspension component 32 is disposed in the second recess 22 via positioning guide posts, and is connected to the bolster 51 via intake and exhaust guide posts.
  • the secondary suspension component 32 is formed as an air spring, which can provide the vehicle with the most suitable stiffness characteristics to ensure high comfort during vehicle operation; in addition, the air spring can automatically inflate or deflate according to changes in passenger load to ensure that the vehicle floor surface can be maintained within a fixed height range, thereby facilitating passenger boarding and alighting at the platform.
  • the bogie utilizes an anti-roll device to improve vehicle stability during high-speed operation and cornering.
  • the anti-roll device includes a bolster 51 and a torsion bar 52.
  • the bolster 51 extends along a second direction and is positioned above the secondary suspension members 32, with the bottom ends of both ends of the bolster 51 connected to the tops of the two secondary suspension members 32.
  • a side-bearing center pin rotation structure is used between the bolster 51 and the vehicle body to enable large-angle rotation between the bogie and the vehicle body, thereby improving the vehicle's passability on small-radius curves.
  • the torsion bar 52 is located at the first end of the bolster 51, and the torsion bar 52 is formed into a U-shaped structure with an opening in the direction away from the bolster 51.
  • the end of the bolster 51 is rotatably connected to the component via a connecting rod 53 (the rotatable connection between the two can be achieved through a hinge), and the side of the torsion bar 52 is rotatably connected to the bolster 51 (the rotatable connection between the two can be achieved through components such as a connecting seat; the connection structure between the two is not shown in the figure).
  • the torsion bar 52 effectively improves the anti-roll performance of the bogie and the vehicle, that is, it prevents excessive body tilting when the vehicle is traveling at high speed, thereby effectively improving the high-speed running stability and comfort of the vehicle.
  • the torsion bar 52 can also be designed to fit the specific structural form of the bolster 51 according to the requirements of the interior floor height, in order to maximize the achievement of low floor requirements.
  • the bogie is equipped with two traction devices 4, as shown in Figure 1.
  • both traction devices 4 are located at the second end of the bolster 51; while along the second direction, the traction devices 4 are located on the side opposite to each other of the two side beams 2 (i.e., the traction devices 4 are located on the outer side of the side beams 2).
  • Positioning the traction devices 4 on the outer side of the side beams 2 effectively utilizes the external space of the bogie, thereby effectively saving internal space and facilitating the arrangement of the drive unit inside the bogie; simultaneously, it also helps to lower the height of the vehicle floor.
  • the two ends of the traction devices 4 are connected to the side beams 2 and the bolster 51 respectively via rubber joints.
  • this bogie also includes a drive unit and a braking device connected to the drive unit.
  • the drive unit consists of a two-stage reduction gearbox 61 and a high-power traction motor 62.
  • the gearbox 61 and the traction motor 62 are connected by a coupling.
  • the gearbox 61 is connected to the crossbeam of the frame via a gearbox suspension rod or an elastic node, and the traction motor 62 is connected to the crossbeam of the frame via an elastic node.
  • the two-stage reduction gearbox 61 reduces its height, thereby lowering the vehicle floor height for easier passenger boarding and alighting.
  • the use of the high-power traction motor 62 ensures that the vehicle has high acceleration and high-speed operation capabilities; for example, the maximum speed of the vehicle can reach 120 km/h.
  • the braking system includes a hydraulic braking unit 71 and a magnetic track braking unit 72.
  • the hydraulic braking unit 71 is relatively small, and connecting it to the aforementioned gearbox 61 effectively saves internal space in the bogie, which helps to lower the vehicle floor level.
  • the height is reduced, and the frame structure can be simplified to facilitate lightweighting.
  • the magnetic rail braking unit 72 adopts an articulated magnetic rail braking, which increases the contact area between the magnetic rail and the rail surface to ensure that the vehicle has a large braking deceleration, thereby ensuring vehicle braking safety.
  • the secondary suspension component 32 in the suspension device is set as an air spring, which can provide the vehicle with the most suitable stiffness characteristics to ensure high comfort during vehicle operation.
  • the air spring can automatically inflate or deflate according to changes in passenger load to ensure that the vehicle floor remains within a fixed height range, thereby facilitating passenger boarding and alighting at platforms and improving the passenger experience.
  • the present invention assembles the torsion bar 52 and the bolster 51 in a corresponding manner, thereby making full use of the upper space of the bogie and freeing up the lower space of the bogie to meet the requirements of the vehicle's lower clearance. At the same time, it can also effectively improve the anti-roll performance of the bogie and the vehicle, that is, prevent the vehicle body from tilting excessively at high speeds, thereby effectively improving the stability of the vehicle at high speeds.
  • a vehicle which is equipped with a bogie as described above, such that more than 70% of the vehicle's interior floor area is a low-floor area, thereby effectively reducing the height difference between the floor and the platform to facilitate passenger boarding and alighting; in addition, the vehicle's maximum speed can reach 120 km/h, the minimum passable curve radius can be reduced to 25 m, and the comfort level can reach 2.5.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

提供一种转向架及车辆，涉及转向架结构领域。转向架包括：构架；悬挂装置，与构架连接；悬挂装置包括一系悬挂件(31)和二系悬挂件(32)，二系悬挂件(32)形成为空气弹簧；以及抗滚装置，包括摇枕(51)和扭杆(52)，摇枕(51)设置于二系悬挂件(32)的上方；扭杆(52)的端部通过连杆与构架转动连接，扭杆(52)的侧部与摇枕(51)转动连接。空气弹簧能够为车辆提供最合适的刚度特性，以保证车辆在运行过程中具有高舒适性；此外，空气弹簧还能够根据载客量的变化，自动进行充气或排气，以保证车辆的地板面维持在一个固定高度范围内不变，从而有利于乘客在站台上的上下车，即提高了乘客出行时的体验感。

Description

一种转向架及车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2024年04月25日提交中国专利局的申请号为202410503072.1、名称为“一种转向架及车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及车辆动力系统领域，尤其是涉及一种转向架及车辆。
背景技术
随着城市及经济的发展，主城区与周边卫星城市或市郊区域之间的通勤需求不断增加，为保证快速通勤，有轨电车或动车需提高运行速度。但基于现有车辆中的转向架结构，车辆高速运行时的稳定性和舒适性均较差。降低了乘客的乘坐和出行体验。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本申请的目的在于提供一种转向架及车辆，以解决现有有轨电车等车辆中的转向架的结构会导致车辆高速运行时的稳定性和舒适性较差的问题。
根据上述目的，本发明的第一方面提供一种转向架，其中，所述转向架包括：
构架；
悬挂装置，与所述构架连接；所述悬挂装置包括一系悬挂件和二系悬挂件，所述二系悬挂件形成为空气弹簧；以及
抗滚装置，包括摇枕和扭杆，所述摇枕设置于所述二系悬挂件的上方；所述扭杆的端部通过连杆与所述构架转动连接，所述扭杆的侧部与所述摇枕转动连接。
优选地，所述转向架还包括轮轴装置，所述轮轴装置包括两个沿第一方向间隔排布的车轴；每个所述车轴均沿第二方向延伸，所述第二方向与第一方向垂直；所述轮轴装置还包括车轮和轴箱；每个所述车轴延伸方向的两端均设置有所述车轮和所述轴箱。
优选地，所述构架包括侧梁和横梁，所述侧梁的数量为两个，两个所述侧梁沿所述第二方向分布，并且沿所述第二方向，所述侧梁位于与同一所述车轴连接的两个所述车轮彼此背离的一侧；所述横梁的数量为一个，沿所述第一方向，所述横梁位于两个所述 车轴之间；所述横梁沿所述第二方向的两端分别与两个所述侧梁连接。
优选地，每个所述侧梁的底部形成有两个朝向所述车轴敞开的第一凹部，两个所述第一凹部沿所述第一方向分布，以使得所述轴箱位于所述第一凹部中；所述侧梁的顶部中央处形成第二凹部，所述第二凹部沿所述第二方向贯穿所述侧梁的相对侧部；所述横梁的顶部形成有与所述第二凹部对应的第三凹部。
优选地，所述一系悬挂件位于所述第一凹部中且连接于所述构架和所述轴箱之间，所述一系悬挂件形成为橡胶弹簧；所述二系悬挂件设置于所述第二凹部中。
优选地，所述摇枕沿所述第二方向延伸，所述摇枕延伸方向的两端的底部分别与两个所述二系悬挂件的顶部连接。
优选地，沿所述第一方向，所述扭杆位于所述摇枕的第一端；所述扭杆形成为朝向远离所述摇枕的方向开口的类U形状结构。
优选地，所述转向架还包括两个牵引装置；沿所述第一方向，两个所述牵引装置均位于所述摇枕的第二端；沿所述第二方向，所述牵引装置位于两个所述侧梁彼此背离的一侧；所述牵引装置的两端分别与所述构架和所述摇枕连接。
优选地，所述转向架还包括驱动装置和与所述驱动装置连接的制动装置。
根据本发明的第二方面提供一种车辆，其中，所述车辆包括如上所述的转向架。
根据本发明的转向架及车辆，将悬挂装置中的二系悬挂件设置为空气弹簧，其能够为车辆提供最合适的刚度特性，以保证车辆在运行过程中具有高舒适性；此外，空气弹簧还能够根据载客量的变化，自动进行充气或排气，以保证车辆的地板面维持在一个固定高度范围内不变，从而有利于乘客在站台上的上下车，即提高了乘客出行时的体验感。
此外，本发明将扭杆与摇枕对应装配，从而能够充分利用转向架的上部空间并且释放转向架的下部空间，以满足车辆下部限界的要求，同时，还能够有效提高转向架以及车辆的抗侧滚性能，即能够防止车身在高速行驶时过度倾斜，进而有效提高车辆高速运行时稳定性。
为使本申请的上述目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂，下文特举较佳实施例，并配合所附附图，作详细说明如下。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是 对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1是根据本发明的实施例的转向架的俯视图；
图2是根据本发明的实施例的转向架的主视图。
图标：11-车轴；12-车轮；13-轴箱；2-侧梁；21-第一凹部；22-第二凹部；31-一系悬挂件；32-二系悬挂件；4-牵引装置；51-摇枕；52-扭杆；53-连杆；61-齿轮箱；62-牵引电机；71-液压制动单元；72-磁轨制动单元。
具体实施方式
提供以下具体实施方式以帮助读者获得对这里所描述的方法、设备和/或系统的全面理解。然而，在理解本申请的公开内容之后，这里所描述的方法、设备和/或系统的各种改变、修改及等同物将是显而易见的。例如，这里所描述的操作的顺序仅仅是示例，其并不限于这里所阐述的顺序，而是除了必须以特定顺序发生的操作之外，可做出在理解本申请的公开内容之后将是显而易见的改变。此外，为了提高清楚性和简洁性，可省略本领域中已知的特征的描述。
这里所描述的特征可以以不同的形式实施，并且不应被解释为局限于这里所描述的示例。更确切地说，已经提供了这里所描述的示例仅用于示出在理解本申请的公开内容之后将是显而易见的实现这里描述的方法、设备和/或系统的诸多可行方式中的一些方式。
在整个说明书中，当元件(诸如，层、区域或基板)被描述为“在”另一元件“上”、“连接到”另一元件、“结合到”另一元件、“在”另一元件“之上”或“覆盖”另一元件时，其可直接“在”另一元件“上”、“连接到”另一元件、“结合到”另一元件、“在”另一元件“之上”或“覆盖”另一元件，或者可存在介于它们之间的一个或更多个其他元件。相比之下，当元件被描述为“直接在”另一元件“上”、“直接连接到”另一元件、“直接结合到”另一元件、“直接在”另一元件“之上”或“直接覆盖”另一元件时，可不存在介于它们之间的其他元件。
如在此所使用的，术语“和/或”包括所列出的相关项中的任何一项和任何两项或更多项的任何组合。
尽管可在这里使用诸如“第一”、“第二”和“第三”的术语来描述各个构件、组件、区域、层或部分，但是这些构件、组件、区域、层或部分不受这些术语所限制。更确切地说，这些术语仅用于将一个构件、组件、区域、层或部分与另一构件、组件、区域、 层或部分相区分。因此，在不脱离示例的教导的情况下，这里所描述的示例中所称的第一构件、组件、区域、层或部分也可被称为第二构件、组件、区域、层或部分。
为了易于描述，在这里可使用诸如“在……之上”、“上部”、“在……之下”和“下部”的空间关系术语，以描述如附图所示的一个元件与另一元件的关系。这样的空间关系术语意图除了包含在附图中所描绘的方位之外，还包含装置在使用或操作中的不同方位。例如，如果附图中的装置被翻转，则被描述为相对于另一元件位于“之上”或“上部”的元件随后将相对于另一元件位于“之下”或“下部”。因此，术语“在……之上”根据装置的空间方位而包括“在……之上”和“在……之下”两种方位。所述装置还可以以其他方式定位(例如，旋转90度或处于其他方位)，并将对在这里使用的空间关系术语做出相应的解释。
在此使用的术语仅用于描述各种示例，并非用于限制本公开。除非上下文另外清楚地指明，否则单数的形式也意图包括复数的形式。术语“包括”、“包含”和“具有”列举存在的所陈述的特征、数量、操作、构件、元件和/或它们的组合，但不排除存在或添加一个或更多个其他特征、数量、操作、构件、元件和/或它们的组合。
由于制造技术和/或公差，可出现附图中所示的形状的变化。因此，这里所描述的示例不限于附图中所示的特定形状，而是包括在制造期间出现的形状上的改变。
这里所描述的示例的特征可按照在理解本申请的公开内容之后将是显而易见的各种方式进行组合。此外，尽管这里所描述的示例具有各种各样的构造，但是如在理解本申请的公开内容之后将显而易见的，其他构造是可能的。
根据本发明的第一方面提供一种转向架，如图1至图2所示，本实施例中的转向架包括构架、悬挂装置、抗滚装置、轮轴装置、牵引装置4、驱动装置以及制动装置，通过上述各个构件的配合能够使得本转向架具有较高的稳定性和乘坐舒适性。在下文中，将详细描述根据本发明的转向架的上述构件的具体连接关系和位置关系。
在本实施例中，如图1所示，轮轴装置包括两个沿第一方向间隔排布的车轴11，每个车轴11均沿第二方向延伸，并且第二方向与第一方向垂直。当本转向架与车辆对应装配后，第一方向即形成为车辆的行进方向，第二方向即形成为车辆车身的宽度方向。进一步地，该轮轴装置还包括车轮12和轴箱13，每个车轴11延伸方向的两端均设置有车轮12和轴箱13，通过轴箱13能够把车体重量和载荷传递给车轮12。
优选地，本实施例中的车轮12采用直径为700-800mm的弹性车轮12，大直径车轮 12更有利于车辆的高速运行，同时，弹性车轮12能够吸收轮轨之间的高频振动，以降低轮轨冲击，从而进一步提高本转向架以及车辆运行时的稳定性。
如图1至图2所示，本实施例中的转向架设置有构架，通过该构架的设置便于下述转向架中的各个构件的连接配合，以保证转向架整体结构的一致性和布局的合理性。具体地，本实施例中的构架包括两个侧梁2和一个横梁，两个所述侧梁2沿第二方向分布，并且沿第二方向(如图1所示)，侧梁2位于与同一车轴11连接的两个车轮12彼此背离的一侧，即车轮12位于两个侧梁2之间(车轮12位于侧梁2的内侧)。此外，沿第一方向，横梁则位于两个车轴之间，并且横梁沿第二方向的两端分别与两个侧梁2连接。
更具体地，每个侧梁2的底部均形成有两个朝向车轴11敞开的第一凹部21，两个第一凹部21沿第一方向分布于侧梁2的两端，从而使得上述每个轴箱13均分别位于对应的第一凹部21中。此外，每个侧梁2的顶部中央处还形成第二凹部22，该第二凹部22沿第二方向贯穿构架的相对侧部，下述二系悬挂件32对应设置于第二凹部22中，如此能够有效降低转向架的整体高度，从而降低车辆地板与站台的高度差，以便于乘客上下车。为了避免下述二系悬挂件32等构件与横梁产生干涉，尽管图中未示出，本实施例中的横梁的顶部形成有与第二凹部22对应的第三凹部。
在本实施例中，悬挂装置包括一系悬挂件31和二系悬挂件32。如图1至图2所示，一系悬挂件31采用人字形橡胶弹簧，其具有一定的非线性刚度特性，从而利于在不同的载荷状态下为车辆提供合适的刚度；此外，一系悬挂件31位于第一凹部21中且连接于侧梁2和轴箱13之间(具体地，轴箱13下方设置有一系悬挂件31的卡座，侧梁2同样设置有一系悬挂件31的卡座，一系悬挂件31在车体重量作用下通过轴箱13和侧梁2上的卡座固夹在轴箱13和侧梁2之间)，而橡胶弹簧的体积较小，如此有利于有轨电车地板面的降低；进一步地，橡胶还具有一定的减振降噪以及吸收振动能量的作用，从而能够提高车辆高速运行时的稳定性和舒适性。
如图1所示，本实施例中的转向架包括两个二系悬挂件32，其二者分别设置于两个侧梁2的第二凹部22中。具体地，该二系悬挂件32通过定位导柱被设置于第二凹部22中，同时，通过进排气导柱与摇枕51连接。此外，该二系悬挂件32形成为空气弹簧，如此能够为车辆提供最合适的刚度特性，以保证车辆在运行过程中具有较高的舒适性；此外，空气弹簧还能够根据载客量的变化，自动进行充气或排气，以保证车辆地板面能够维持在一个固定的高度范围内，从而有利于乘客在站台上的上下车。
在本实施例中，转向架通过抗滚装置能够提高车辆高速运行时以及转弯时的稳定性。具体地，如图1至图2所示，该抗滚装置包括摇枕51和扭杆52，该摇枕51沿第二方向延伸并设置于上述二系悬挂件32的上方，即摇枕51延伸方向的两端的底部分别与两个二系悬挂件32的顶部连接。进一步地，当转向架与车辆对应装配时，摇枕51与车体之间采用旁承承载中心销回转结构，以使得转向架与车体之间具有大角度回转功能，从而利于提高车辆在小半径曲线路段的通过性。
此外，沿第一方向(如图1所示)，扭杆52位于摇枕51的第一端，并且扭杆52形成为朝向远离摇枕51的方向开口的类U形状结构。如图2所示，该摇枕51的端部通过连杆53与构件转动连接(可以通过铰接件实现其二者的转动连接)，该扭杆52的侧部与摇枕51转动连接(可以通过连接座等构件实现其二者的转动连接，图中未示出其二者的连接结构)。如此设置可使转向架中的空间得到充分的利用；此外，扭杆52的设置能够有效提高转向架以及车辆的抗侧滚性能，即防止车辆高速行驶时车身过度倾斜，从而有效提高了车辆的高速运行稳定性和舒适性。扭杆52也可根据车内地板面高度要求，随摇枕51的具体结构形式进行随形式设计，以便最大化实现低地板要求。
在本实施例中，转向架设置有两个牵引装置4，如图1所示，沿第一方向，两个牵引装置4均位于摇枕51的第二端；而沿第二方向，牵引装置4位于两个侧梁2彼此背离的一侧(即牵引装置4位于侧梁2的外侧)，将牵引装置4设置于侧梁2的外侧能够有效利用转向架的外部空间，从而有效节约转向架的内部空间，以便于下述驱动装置在转向架内部的布置；同时，还有助于降低车内地板面的高度。在本实施例中，牵引装置4的两端通过橡胶节点分别与侧梁2和摇枕51连接。
如图1所示，本转向架还包括驱动装置和于驱动装置连接的制动装置，驱动装置由两级减速的齿轮箱61及大功率的牵引电机62等组成，本实施例中，齿轮箱61与牵引电机62之间采用联轴节连接，齿轮箱61通过齿轮箱吊杆或弹性节点与构架的横梁连接，牵引电机62通过弹性节点与构架的横梁连接。齿轮箱61采用两级减速能够减小齿轮箱61高度尺寸，从而有利于降低车辆地板面的高度，以便于乘客的上下车。而大功率的牵引电机62的使用，可保证车辆具有较高加速度以及高速运行的能力，例如该车辆行驶时的最高速度可以达到120km/h。
此外，制动装置包括液压制动单元71和磁轨制动单元72。液压制动单元71体积较小，将其与上述齿轮箱61连接能够有效节约转向架内部空间，有利于降低车辆地板面 的高度，并且能够简化构架结构以利于实现构架的轻量化。磁轨制动单元72采用铰接式磁轨制动，如此能够增大磁轨与轨面的接触面积，以保证车辆具有大制动减速度，从而确保车辆制动安全。
根据本发明如上所述的本发明的转向架，将悬挂装置中的二系悬挂件32设置为空气弹簧，其能够为车辆提供最合适的刚度特性，以保证车辆在运行过程中具有高舒适性；此外，空气弹簧还能够根据载客量的变化，自动进行充气或排气，以保证车辆的地板面维持在一个固定高度范围内不变，从而有利于乘客在站台上的上下车，即提高了乘客出行时的体验感。此外，本发明将扭杆52与摇枕51对应装配，从而能够充分利用转向架的上部空间并且释放转向架的下部空间，以满足车辆下部限界的要求；同时，还能够有效提高转向架以及车辆的抗侧滚性能，即能够防止车身在高速行驶时过度倾斜，进而有效提高车辆高速运行时稳定性。
根据本发明的第二方面提供一种车辆，该车辆设置有如上所述的转向架，从而使得该车辆可以实现车内地板面面积的70％以上均为低地板区域，如此能够有效降低地板面与站台的高度差，以便于乘客上下车；此外，该车辆的最高速度可达到120km/h，最小可通过的曲线半径可降低至25m，舒适性可达到2.5。
最后应说明的是：以上所述实施例，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制，本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改或可轻易想到变化，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改、变化或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请实施例技术方案的精神和范围，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种转向架，其特征在于，所述转向架包括：
    构架；
    悬挂装置，与所述构架连接；所述悬挂装置包括一系悬挂件和二系悬挂件，所述二系悬挂件形成为空气弹簧；以及
    抗滚装置，包括摇枕和扭杆，所述摇枕设置于所述二系悬挂件的上方；所述扭杆的端部通过连杆与所述构架转动连接，所述扭杆的侧部与所述摇枕转动连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述转向架还包括轮轴装置，所述轮轴装置包括两个沿第一方向间隔排布的车轴；每个所述车轴均沿第二方向延伸，所述第二方向与第一方向垂直；所述轮轴装置还包括车轮和轴箱；每个所述车轴延伸方向的两端均设置有所述车轮和所述轴箱。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述构架包括侧梁和横梁，所述侧梁的数量为两个，两个所述侧梁沿所述第二方向分布，并且沿所述第二方向，所述侧梁位于与同一所述车轴连接的两个所述车轮彼此背离的一侧；所述横梁的数量为一个，沿所述第一方向，所述横梁位于两个所述车轴之间；所述横梁沿所述第二方向的两端分别与两个所述侧梁连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的转向架，其特征在于，每个所述侧梁的底部形成有两个朝向所述车轴敞开的第一凹部，两个所述第一凹部沿所述第一方向分布，以使得所述轴箱位于所述第一凹部中；所述侧梁的顶部中央处形成第二凹部，所述第二凹部沿所述第二方向贯穿所述侧梁的相对侧部；所述横梁的顶部形成有与所述第二凹部对应的第三凹部。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述一系悬挂件位于所述第一凹部中且连接于所述构架和所述轴箱之间，所述一系悬挂件形成为橡胶弹簧；所述二系悬挂件设置于所述第二凹部中。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述摇枕沿所述第二方向延伸，所述摇枕延伸方向的两端的底部分别与两个所述二系悬挂件的顶部连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的转向架，其特征在于，沿所述第一方向，所述扭杆位于所述摇枕的第一端；所述扭杆形成为朝向远离所述摇枕的方向开口的类U形状结构。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述转向架还包括两个牵引装置；沿所述第一方向，两个所述牵引装置均位于所述摇枕的第二端；沿所述第二方向，所述牵引装置位于两个所述侧梁彼此背离的一侧；所述牵引装置的两端分别与所述构架和所述摇枕连接。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的转向架，其特征在于，所述转向架还包括驱动装置和与所述驱动装置连接的制动装置。
  10. 一种车辆，其特征在于，所述车辆包括如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的转向架。
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