WO2025189883A1 - 底盘总成、可换电车辆、换电机器人及充换电站 - Google Patents

底盘总成、可换电车辆、换电机器人及充换电站

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Publication number
WO2025189883A1
WO2025189883A1 PCT/CN2024/139947 CN2024139947W WO2025189883A1 WO 2025189883 A1 WO2025189883 A1 WO 2025189883A1 CN 2024139947 W CN2024139947 W CN 2024139947W WO 2025189883 A1 WO2025189883 A1 WO 2025189883A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
positioning
swapping
vehicle
chassis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/139947
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周肖鸿
徐余才
曹佳
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NIO Technology Anhui Co Ltd
Original Assignee
NIO Technology Anhui Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NIO Technology Anhui Co Ltd filed Critical NIO Technology Anhui Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025189883A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025189883A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
    • B60S5/06—Supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of new energy vehicle technology, and in particular to a chassis assembly, a battery-swap vehicle, a battery-swap robot, and a charging and swapping station.
  • battery swapping is a quick way to recharge quickly, making it a popular method among Everbright car owners.
  • the battery swapping process typically takes place at a charging and swapping station, which is equipped with a battery swapping platform, battery compartment, and a battery swapping robot.
  • the battery swapping robot moves back and forth between the battery compartment and the battery swapping platform, removing a depleted battery from the vehicle to be swapped and installing a fully charged power battery in the vehicle to be swapped.
  • the current battery swap robot is equipped with two sets of positioning components, one set for positioning with the vehicle chassis, and one set for positioning with the battery, so that the positioning between the battery and the vehicle chassis is indirectly achieved through the battery swap robot.
  • the present application provides a chassis assembly, including a chassis body and a battery pack, a battery mounting position is provided on the chassis body, and the battery pack is detachably installed at the mounting position, and a plurality of body positioning holes are also provided on the chassis body, and a plurality of battery positioning holes are provided on the battery pack.
  • the above-mentioned technical solution of the present application by setting the battery positioning holes corresponding to the vehicle body positioning holes after the battery pack is installed, enables the battery pack and the vehicle chassis to be positioned using the same positioning reference, thereby avoiding the problem of positioning failure caused by the large error between the two sets of positioning relationships, and improving the success rate of battery replacement.
  • the diameter of the battery positioning hole is larger than the diameter of the vehicle body positioning hole.
  • the above setting method is conducive to reducing the difficulty of positioning and further improving the success rate of battery replacement.
  • the number of the battery positioning holes and the number of the vehicle body positioning holes are both two.
  • the above setting method uses multiple positioning holes for positioning, which is beneficial to improving positioning accuracy.
  • the two battery positioning holes are arranged on the outer shell of the battery pack along a diagonal direction.
  • the installation position is a mounting groove, and the vehicle body positioning hole is arranged outside the mounting groove.
  • the present application also provides a battery-swappable vehicle, which includes a chassis assembly according to any one of the above technical solutions.
  • the battery-swappable vehicle of the present application by setting up the above-mentioned chassis assembly, makes it possible for the battery positioning holes to correspond to the vehicle body positioning holes after the battery pack is installed, so that the battery pack and the vehicle chassis can be positioned using the same positioning reference, avoiding the problem of positioning failure caused by the large error between the two sets of positioning relationships, and improving the success rate of battery swapping.
  • the positioning pin includes a first pin segment and a second pin segment from top to bottom, the first pin segment and the second pin segment are both columnar, the outer diameter of the first pin segment is smaller than the outer diameter of the second pin segment, and the top of the first pin segment has a chamfer.
  • the outer diameter of the first pin segment is smaller than the outer diameter of the second pin segment, it is possible to effectively avoid the positioning pin from getting stuck when exiting the battery positioning hole and the vehicle body positioning hole due to the excessive extension distance, thereby improving the success rate of battery replacement.
  • the positioning pin can be raised and lowered.
  • the present application also provides a charging and swapping station, which includes a battery swapping robot according to any one of the above technical solutions.
  • the charging and swapping station of the present application by setting up the above-mentioned battery swapping robot, can use the same positioning pin to achieve positioning between the battery pack and the vehicle chassis, which is beneficial to improving positioning accuracy and battery swapping success rate.
  • FIG1 is a bottom view of the chassis assembly of the present application in an assembled state
  • FIG2 is a bottom view of the chassis assembly of the present application with the battery pack removed;
  • FIG3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the chassis assembly of the present application at the vehicle body positioning hole and the battery positioning hole;
  • FIG4 is an assembly diagram of the battery-swapping robot of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a partial enlarged view of point A in FIG4 .
  • Chassis assembly 11. Chassis body; 111. Mounting position; 112. Vehicle body positioning hole; 12. Battery pack; 121. Battery positioning hole; 20. Battery swap robot; 21. Robot body; 22. Positioning pin; 221. First pin segment; 222. Second pin segment.
  • the chassis assembly 10 of the present application includes a chassis body 11 and a battery pack 12.
  • a battery mounting position 111 is provided on the chassis body 11, and the battery pack 12 is detachably mounted on the mounting position 111.
  • the chassis body 11 is also provided with a plurality of vehicle body positioning holes 112, and the battery pack 12 is provided with a plurality of battery positioning holes 121.
  • the battery pack 12 is installed on the mounting position 111, for each battery positioning hole 121, there is a vehicle body positioning hole 112 corresponding to its axial direction.
  • the positioning piece (taking the positioning pin as an example) on the battery replacement robot 20 rises and passes through the battery positioning hole 121 and the vehicle body positioning hole 112 in sequence, completing the positioning of the battery replacement robot 20 and the low-charge battery pack on the chassis body 11, and then the locking and unlocking device on the battery replacement robot 20 unlocks the battery pack 12, and the low-charge battery pack is thereby removed.
  • the battery replacement robot 20 then transfers the low-charge battery pack to the battery rack, receives the fully-charged battery pack from the battery rack, and then positions it with the battery positioning hole 121 on the battery pack through the positioning piece.
  • the battery replacement robot 20 carries the fully-charged battery pack and moves it to the bottom of the chassis assembly 10, lifts the fully-charged battery pack, and during the lifting process, the positioning piece in the positioning state with the battery positioning hole 121 extends into the vehicle body positioning hole 112 to achieve positioning with the vehicle body, and then continues to lift until the fully-charged battery pack is lifted to the installation position 111. Finally, the locking and unlocking mechanism on the battery replacement robot 20 locks the fully-charged battery pack, and the battery replacement is completed.
  • chassis assembly of the present application will be introduced below with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 .
  • the chassis assembly 10 includes a chassis body 11 and a battery pack 12.
  • a mounting position 111 is provided on the lower side of the chassis body 11 (the side close to the ground after assembly, the same below).
  • the mounting position 111 is preferably a mounting groove formed by an inward depression of the lower side.
  • the battery pack 12 includes an outer shell and a battery cell arranged in the outer shell.
  • the outer shell forms a receiving cavity, and the battery cell is installed in the receiving cavity.
  • a connecting frame is formed around the outer shell, and the height of the connecting frame is less than the height of the receiving cavity.
  • the depth of the mounting groove is adapted to the battery, and its depth is relatively deep, and is used to accommodate the receiving cavity of the outer shell.
  • Grid support ribs are provided on the outside of the mounting groove. The height of the grid support ribs is higher than the mounting groove but lower than the lower side of the chassis body 11, and is used to accommodate the connecting frame.
  • Two battery positioning holes 121 are provided on the connecting frame of the shell, and the two battery positioning holes are provided along the diagonal direction of the shell. As shown in Figure 1, the two battery positioning holes 121 are respectively provided at the upper left corner and the lower right corner of the connecting frame.
  • the battery positioning hole 121 is a circular through hole.
  • two body positioning holes 112 are provided on the grid support ribs around the mounting groove, and the body positioning holes 112 are preferably also circular through holes. Among them, the aperture of each battery positioning hole 121 is larger than the aperture of the corresponding body positioning hole 112. In this way, when the battery pack 12 is installed in the mounting position 111, the two battery positioning holes 121 on the battery pack 12 correspond one-to-one to the two body positioning holes 112 on the mounting position 111 in the axial direction.
  • the axial correspondence between the battery positioning hole 121 and the vehicle body positioning hole 112 in this application means that the axis of the battery positioning hole 121 and the vehicle body positioning hole 112 coincide with each other or there is a slight deviation, and the deviation can be, for example, 0-5mm (for example only).
  • the above-mentioned setting method uses multiple positioning holes for positioning, which is conducive to improving positioning accuracy.
  • the setting method in which the aperture of the battery positioning hole 121 is larger than the aperture of the body positioning hole 112 is conducive to reducing the difficulty of positioning and improving the success rate of battery replacement.
  • the number of body locating holes 112 and battery locating holes 121 is not restrictive and can be adjusted by those skilled in the art based on actual application scenarios.
  • the number of battery locating holes 121 can be one, three, or more; the number of battery locating holes 121 can be greater than the number of body locating holes 112 so that the battery pack 12 can be installed on chassis of different specifications; the number of body locating holes 112 can also be greater than the number of battery locating holes 121 so that the chassis body 11 can accommodate battery packs 12 of different specifications.
  • the battery positioning hole 121 having a larger diameter than the body positioning hole 112 is merely a preferred embodiment, and those skilled in the art may adjust this.
  • the battery positioning hole 121 may have a diameter equal to that of the body positioning hole 112. However, this arrangement would be detrimental to improving the success rate of positioning.
  • the setting position of the battery positioning hole 121 is not fixed.
  • it can also be adjusted to other settings, such as being set on the same side of the connecting frame, or being set respectively in the middle of the two opposite sides of the connecting frame, etc.
  • the location of the battery positioning hole 121 is not unique and can be adjusted by those skilled in the art, such as by expanding the range of the mounting slot and placing the body positioning hole 112 inside the mounting slot.
  • the mounting position 111 in addition to using a mounting groove, can also be adjusted by those skilled in the art, such as using a mounting plane as the mounting position 111. At this time, when the battery pack 12 is installed, the lower side of the battery pack 12 will protrude from the lower side of the chassis body 11.
  • the present application also provides a battery-swappable vehicle, which includes the chassis assembly 10 in the above embodiment.
  • the battery-swappable vehicle of the present application by setting the above-mentioned chassis assembly 10, makes it possible for the battery positioning hole 121 to correspond to the vehicle body positioning hole 112 after the battery pack 12 is installed, so that the battery pack 12 and the vehicle chassis can be positioned using the same positioning reference, avoiding the problem of positioning failure caused by the large error between the two sets of positioning relationships, and improving the success rate of battery replacement.
  • the present application also provides a battery swapping robot 20 for swapping batteries for the battery-swappable vehicle of the above technical solution.
  • the battery swapping robot 20 includes a robot body 21 and a positioning pin 22 provided on the robot body 21.
  • the positioning pin 22 is configured to be simultaneously inserted into the battery positioning hole 121 and the vehicle body positioning hole 112.
  • the robot body 21 includes a base, a lifting device and a battery carrying device.
  • the lifting device is fixedly connected to the base, and the battery carrying device is connected to the lifting device.
  • the lifting device can be, for example, a scissors-type lifting device, which can drive the battery carrying device to move up and down.
  • the battery carrying device is provided with a locking and unlocking structure and a positioning pin 22.
  • the battery carrying device is used to lock and unlock the battery pack 12, and the positioning pin 22 is used for positioning between the battery pack 12 and the chassis body 11.
  • two positioning pins 22 are provided, and the two positioning pins 22 are arranged along the diagonal direction of the battery carrying device.
  • the positioning pin 22 can be raised and lowered, and the specific lifting method of the positioning pin 22 is a conventional technical means in this field, which will not be repeated in this application.
  • the positioning pin 22 includes a first pin segment 221 and a second pin segment 222 from top to bottom.
  • the first pin segment 221 and the second pin segment 222 are both columnar.
  • the outer diameter of the first pin segment 221 is smaller than that of the second pin segment 222 , and the top of the first pin segment 221 has a chamfer.
  • the battery replacement robot 20 uses the battery carrying part to carry the battery pack 12, and simultaneously achieves positioning with the battery positioning hole 121 and the vehicle body positioning hole 112 through the lifting and lowering of the positioning pin 22.
  • the battery-swapping robot 20 of the present application by providing a positioning pin 22 that is simultaneously inserted into the battery positioning hole 121 and the vehicle body positioning hole 112, can use the same positioning pin 22 to achieve positioning between the battery pack 12 and the vehicle chassis, which is beneficial to improving positioning accuracy and the success rate of battery swapping.
  • the positioning pin 22 By providing the positioning pin 22 with a first pin segment 221 and a second pin segment 222, and with the outer diameter of the first pin segment 221 being smaller than the outer diameter of the second pin segment 222, it can effectively prevent the positioning pin 22 from getting stuck due to an excessive insertion distance when exiting the battery positioning hole 121 and the vehicle body positioning hole 112, thereby improving the success rate of battery swapping.
  • the specific setting method of the above-mentioned battery-exchange robot 20 is only exemplary, and those skilled in the art can adjust it as long as the adjustment does not deviate from the principles of this application.
  • the specific form of the robot body 21 is not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can adjust it, as long as the robot body 21 can install the positioning pins 22 and lock and unlock the battery pack 12.
  • the number of positioning pins 22 is not fixed, and those skilled in the art can adjust it.
  • the number of positioning pins 22 can also be one, three or more, so that the battery-exchange robot 20 can be suitable for positioning battery packs 12 and chassis of various specifications.
  • the charging and swapping station of the present application by providing the above-mentioned battery swapping robot 20, can use the same positioning pin 22 to achieve positioning between the battery pack 12 and the vehicle chassis, which is beneficial to improving positioning accuracy and battery swapping success rate.
  • the battery swapping robot 20 After descending to the initial position, the battery swapping robot 20 carries the depleted battery pack to the battery compartment, transfers the depleted battery pack to the battery compartment, and receives the fully charged battery pack from the battery compartment. During the receiving process, the positioning pin 22 is used to position the fully charged battery pack. Then the battery-swapping robot 20 carries the fully-charged battery pack and moves it again to the bottom of the vehicle to be replaced. The lifting device drives the battery-carrying device to rise to the chassis of the vehicle to be replaced. The positioning pin 22, which is in a positioning state with the fully-charged battery pack, extends into the positioning hole 112 of the vehicle body to achieve positioning between the fully-charged battery pack and the chassis body 11.
  • the locking and unlocking device is activated to lock the fully-charged battery pack.
  • the lifting device drives the battery-carrying device to descend, and the positioning pin 22 exits the vehicle body positioning hole 112 and the battery positioning hole 121 in turn, and the battery pack replacement is completed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种底盘总成（10）、可换电车辆、换电机器人（20）及充换电站，底盘总成（10）包括底盘本体（11）和电池包（12），底盘本体（11）上设置有电池安装位（111），电池包（12）可拆卸地安装于安装位（111），底盘本体（11）上还开设有多个车身定位孔（112），电池包（12）上开设有多个电池定位孔（121），车身定位孔（112）的数量大于等于电池定位孔（121）的数量，在电池包（12）安装于安装位（111）上时，对于每一个电池定位孔（121）均存在一个与其轴向相对应的车身定位孔（112）。上述设置方式，使得电池包（12）与车辆底盘可以采用同一定位基准进行定位，避免由于两组定位关系之间的误差较大而导致的定位失败的问题，提升换电成功率。

Description

底盘总成、可换电车辆、换电机器人及充换电站
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2024年03月15日提交的、发明名称为“底盘总成、可换电车辆、换电机器人及充换电站”的中国专利申请CN202420511024.2的优先权，上述中国专利申请的全部内容通过引用并入本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及新能源汽车技术领域，具体涉及一种底盘总成、可换电车辆、换电机器人及充换电站。
背景技术
对于新能源汽车，特别是纯电动汽车来说，换电是一种能够在短时间内快速补能的方式，因此该方式备受光大车主青睐。换电过程一般在充换电站内进行，充换电站内设置有换电平台、电池仓和换电机器人，通过换电机器人在电池仓与换电平台之间的往复移动，实现将亏电电池从待换电车辆上拆下以及将满电动力电池安装到待换电车辆的操作。
换电过程中，如何将电池精准地安装在车辆底盘上，是决定换电成功率的关键因素之一。通常，待换电车辆的地盘与电池之间没有相对定位关系，因此需要借助换电机器人来定位。目前的换电机器人上设置有两组定位部件，一组用来与车辆底盘定位，一组用来与电池定位，从而通过换电机器人来间接实现电池与车辆底盘之间的定位。但是，按照目前的制造和装配水平，对于上述任一对定位关系来说，单独控制车辆底盘与换电机器人或者单独控制电池与换电机器人之间的定位误差相对来说较为容易，而同时控制两组定位关系之间的误差则较为困难，容易出现由于相对误差较大而导致定位失败的问题，造成换电成功率的降低。
相应地，本领域需要一种新的技术方案来解决上述问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的上述至少一个问题，即为了解决换电过程中电池与待换电车辆定位成功率低的问题，本申请提供了一种底盘总成，包括底盘本体和电池包，所述底盘本体上设置有电池安装位，所述电池包可拆卸地安装于所述安装位，所述底盘本体上还开设有多个车身定位孔，所述电池包上开设有多个电池定位孔，在所述电池包安装于所述安装位上时，对于每一个所述电池定位孔均存在一个与其轴向相对应的所述车身定位孔。
本申请的上述技术方案，通过电池包安装好后电池定位孔与车身定位孔相对应的设置方式，使得电池包与车辆底盘可以采用同一定位基准进行定位，避免由于两组定位关系之间的误差较大而导致的定位失败的问题，提升换电成功率。
在上述底盘总成的优选技术方案中，所述电池定位孔的孔径大于所述车身定位孔的孔径。
上述设置方式，有利于降低定位难度，进一步提升换电成功率。
在上述底盘总成的优选技术方案中，所述电池定位孔和所述车身定位孔的数量均为两个。
上述设置方式，采用多定位孔进行定位，有利于提高定位精度。
在上述底盘总成的优选技术方案中，两个所述电池定位孔沿对角方向设置与所述电池包的外壳上。
在上述底盘总成的优选技术方案中，所述安装位为安装槽，所述车身定位孔设置于所述安装槽外侧。
本申请还提供了一种可换电车辆，所述可换电车辆包括上述技术方案中任一项所述的底盘总成。
本申请的可换电车辆，通过设置上述底盘总成，使得电池包安装好后电池定位孔与车身定位孔相对应，从而电池包与车辆底盘可以采用同一定位基准进行定位，避免由于两组定位关系之间的误差较大而导致的定位失败的问题，提升换电成功率。
本申请还提供了一种换电机器人，用于为上述技术方案所述的可换电车辆换电，所述换电机器人包括机器人本体和设置于所述机器人本体上的定位销，所述定位销被设置成能够同时插入所述电池定位孔和所述车身定位孔。
本申请的换电机器人，通过设置定位销同时插入电池定位孔和车身定位孔，可以利用同一定位销实现电池包与车辆底盘之间的定位，有利于提升定位精度和换电成功率。
在上述换电机器人的优选技术方案中，所述定位销由上至下包括第一销段和第二销段，所述第一销段和所述第二销段均为柱状，所述第一销段的外径小于所述第二销段的外径，所述第一销段的顶部具有倒角。
通过定位销设置第一销段和第二销段，且第一销段的外径小于第二销段的外径，可以有效避免定位销退出电池定位孔和车身定位孔时由于伸入距离过长而导致的卡滞，提升换电成功率。
在上述换电机器人的优选技术方案中，所述定位销可升降设置。
本申请还提供了一种充换电站，所述充换电站包括上述技术方案中任一项所述的换电机器人。
本申请的充换电站，通过设置上述换电机器人，可以利用同一定位销实现电池包与车辆底盘之间的定位，有利于提升定位精度和换电成功率。
附图说明
下面参照附图来描述本申请。附图中：
图1为本申请的底盘总成装配状态下的仰视图；
图2为本申请的底盘总成去掉电池包后的仰视图；
图3为本申请的底盘总成在车身定位孔和电池定位孔处的局部剖视图；
图4为本申请的换电机器人的装配图；
图5为图4在A处的局部放大图。
附图标记列表
10、底盘总成；11、底盘本体；111、安装位；112、车身定位孔；12、电池包；121、电池定位孔；20、换电机器人；21、机器人本体；22、定位销；221、第一销段；222、第二销段。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图来描述本申请的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本申请的技术原理，并非旨在限制本申请的保护范围。例如，虽然附图中的是结合电池定位孔和车身定位孔均设置有两个为例进行说明的，但是这种数量关系非一成不变，本领域技术人员可以根据需要对其作出调整，以便适应具体的应用场合。例如，电池定位孔的数量和车身定位孔的数量还可以为一个、三个或更多，电池定位孔的数量还可以与车身定位孔的数量不同。
需要说明的是，在本申请的描述中，术语、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方向或位置关系的术语是基于附图所示的方向或位置关系，这仅仅是为了便于描述，而不是指示或暗示所述装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。另外，本申请的描述中，“多个”指的是至少两个。
此外，还需要说明的是，在本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域技术人员而言，可根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
首先参照图1和图2，对本申请的底盘总成进行简要介绍。
如图1和图2所示，为了解决换电过程中电池与待换电车辆定位成功率低的问题，本申请的底盘总成10包括底盘本体11和电池包12。底盘本体11上设置有电池安装位111，电池包12可拆卸地安装于安装位111，底盘本体11上还开设有多个车身定位孔112，电池包12上开设有多个电池定位孔121，在电池包12安装于安装位111上时，对于每一个电池定位孔121均存在一个与其轴向相对应的车身定位孔112。
本申请的底盘总成10在换电过程中，换电机器人20上的定位件(以定位销为例)上升并依次穿过电池定位孔121和车身定位孔112，完成换电机器人20与底盘本体11上的亏电电池包的定位，然后换电机器人20上的加解锁装置对电池包12进行解锁，亏电电池包由此被拆卸下来。然后换电机器人20将亏电电池包转运至电池架，并从电池架上接收满电电池包，然后通过定位件与电池包上的电池定位孔121定位。接下来换电机器人20承载满电电池包移动至底盘总成10下方，将满电电池包举升，举升过程中，与电池定位孔121处于定位状态的定位件伸入车身定位孔112实现与车身的定位，然后持续举升直至将满电电池包举升至安装位111。最后换电机器人20上的加解锁机构对满电电池包进行加锁操作，如此换电完成。
可以看出，本申请的上述技术方案，通过电池包12安装好后电池定位孔121与车身定位孔112相对应的设置方式，使得电池包12与车辆底盘可以采用同一定位基准进行定位，避免由于两组定位关系之间的误差较大而导致的定位失败的问题，提升换电成功率。
下面结合图1至图3，对本申请的底盘总成的一种优选实施方式进行介绍。
如图1至3所示，一种优选技术方案中，底盘总成10包括底盘本体11和电池包12。底盘本体11的下侧(装配好后靠近地面的一侧，下同)设置有安装位111，该安装位111优选地为由下侧向内凹陷形成的安装槽，电池包12安装于该安装槽后，基本实现与底盘下侧齐平。电池包12包括外壳和设置于外壳内的电芯，外壳形成有容纳腔，电芯安装在容纳腔内，外壳的四周形成有连接边框，连接边框的高度小于容纳腔部分的高度。安装槽的深度与电池相适配，其深度较深，用于容纳外壳的容纳腔。安装槽的外侧设置有网格支撑筋，网格支撑筋的高度高于安装槽但低于底盘本体11的下侧，用于容纳连接边框。外壳的连接边框上设置有两个电池定位孔121，两个池定位孔沿外壳的对角方向设置，如图1所示，两个电池定位孔121分别设置在连接边框的左上角和右下角。优选地，电池定位孔121为圆形通孔。与此对应地，安装槽四周的网格支撑筋上设置有两个车身定位孔112，车身定位孔112优选地也为圆形通孔。其中，每个电池定位孔121的孔径均大于与其对应的车身定位孔112的孔径。如此，在电池包12安装到安装位111时，电池包12上的两个电池定位孔121在轴向上分别与安装位111上的两个车身定位孔112一一对应。
需要说明的是，在理论情况下，当电池包12安装在安装位111上后，每个电池定位孔121与对应的车身定位孔112之间轴线应当重合。但受限于目前的制造精度等原因，实际中很难达到轴线重合的情况，因此电池定位孔121的轴线与车身定位孔112的轴线之间具有一定微小偏差，但该微小偏差并不影响二者之间的定位。由此，本申请中的电池定位孔121与车身定位孔112轴向相对应指的是电池定位孔121与车身定位孔112的轴线重合或存在微小偏差，该偏差例如可以为0-5mm(仅作示例)。
上述设置方式，采用多个定位孔进行定位，有利于提高定位精度。电池定位孔121的孔径大于车身定位孔112的孔径的设置方式，有利于降低定位难度，提升换电成功率。
需要说明的是，上述优选的实施方式仅仅用于阐述本申请的原理，并非旨在于限制本申请的保护范围。在不偏离本申请原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对上述设置方式进行调整，以便本申请能够适用于更加具体的应用场景。
例如，在一种可替换的实施方式中，虽然上述实施方式是结合底盘本体11上设置两个车身定位孔112，电池包12上设置两个电池定位孔121为例进行说明的，但是车身定位孔112和电池定位孔121的数量并非是限制性地，本领域技术人员可以基于实际应用场景进行调整。例如电池定位孔121的数量还可以为一个、三个或更多；电池定位孔121的数量还可以大于车身定位孔112的数量，以便电池包12可以安装于不同规格的底盘；车身定位孔112的数量也可以大于电池定位孔121的数量，以便底盘本体11可以安装不同规格的电池包12。
再如，在另一种可替换的实施方式中，电池定位孔121的孔径大于车身定位孔112的孔径仅仅为一种优选地实施方式，本领域技术人员可以对其调整。例如，还可以将电池定位孔121的孔径设置为与车身定位孔112的孔径相等，当然这种设置方式将不利于提高定位成功率。
再如，在另一种可替换的实施方式中，电池定位孔121的设置位置并非一成不变，除了沿电池包12的对角方向设置外，还可以调整为其他设置方式，如设置于连接边框的同一侧，或者分别设置于连接边框的彼此相对的两侧的中部等。
再如，在另一种可替换的实施方式中，电池定位孔121的设置位置也并非唯一，本领域技术人员可以对其调整。例如可以将安装槽的范围扩大，并将车身定位孔112设置在安装槽内侧等。
再如，在另一种可替换的实施方式中，安装位111除采用安装槽外，本领域技术人员还可以进行调整，如采用安装平面作为安装位111，此时在电池包12安装好的情况下，电池包12的下侧面将突出底盘本体11的下侧。
当然，上述可以替换的实施方式之间、以及可以替换的实施方式和优选的实施方式之间还可以交叉配合使用，从而组合出新的实施方式以适用于更加具体的应用场景。
本申请还提供了一种可换电车辆，可换电车辆包括上述实施方式中的底盘总成10。
本申请的可换电车辆，通过设置上述底盘总成10，使得电池包12安装好后电池定位孔121与车身定位孔112相对应，从而电池包12与车辆底盘可以采用同一定位基准进行定位，避免由于两组定位关系之间的误差较大而导致的定位失败的问题，提升换电成功率。
下面参照图4和图5，对本申请的换电机器人进行介绍。
如图4和图5所示，本申请还提供了一种换电机器人20，用于为上述技术方案的可换电车辆换电。换电机器人20包括机器人本体21和设置于机器人本体21上的定位销22，定位销22被设置成能够同时插入电池定位孔121和车身定位孔112。
一种可能的实施方式中，机器人本体21包括底座、举升装置和电池承载装置，举升装置固定连接在底座上，电池承载装置连接在举升装置上，举升装置例如可以为剪叉式升降装置，该举升装置可以带动电池承载装置升降移动。电池承载装置上设置有加解锁结构和定位销22，电池承载装置用于对电池包12进行加解锁操作，定位销22用于电池包12与底盘本体11之间的定位。本申请中定位销22设置有两个，两个定位销22沿电池承载装置的对角方向设置。优选地，定位销22可升降设置，定位销22的具体升降方式为本领域的常规技术手段，本申请不再赘述。
参见图5，定位销22由上至下包括第一销段221和第二销段222，第一销段221和第二销段222均为柱状，第一销段221的外径小于第二销段222的外径，且第一销段221的顶部具有倒角。
如此，在换电过程中，换电机器人20利用电池承载部承载电池包12，并通过定位销22的升降同时实现与电池定位孔121和车身定位孔112的定位。
本申请的换电机器人20，通过设置定位销22同时插入电池定位孔121和车身定位孔112，可以利用同一定位销22实现电池包12与车辆底盘之间的定位，有利于提升定位精度和换电成功率。通过定位销22设置第一销段221和第二销段222，且第一销段221的外径小于第二销段222的外径，可以有效避免定位销22退出电池定位孔121和车身定位孔112时由于伸入距离过长而导致的卡滞，提升换电成功率。
当然，上述换电机器人20的具体设置方式仅仅为示例性地，本领域技术人员可以对其调整，只要该调整未偏离本申请的原理即可。举例而言，机器人本体21的具体形式并非是限制性地，本领域技术人员可以对其调整，只要该机器人本体21能够安装定位销22并对电池包12进行加解锁即可。再如，定位销22的设置数量并非一成不变，本领域技术人员可以对其调整，例如定位销22的数量还可以为一个、三个或更多，以便换电机器人20可以适用于多种规格的电池包12与底盘的定位。再如，虽然上述实施方式是结合定位销22可升降为例进行介绍的，但是这并非是限制性地，定位销22也可以固定设置在机器人本体21上。再如，定位销22的具体结构并非唯一，除上述介绍的包括第一销段221和第二销段222外，本领域技术人员可以基于具体应用场景进行调整。例如，定位销22整体采用同一外径；再如，定位销22由上至下呈锥形；再如，定位销22包括三段或更多段等。
本申请还提供了一种充换电站，充换电站包括上述实施方式的换电机器人20。
本申请的充换电站，通过设置上述换电机器人20，可以利用同一定位销22实现电池包12与车辆底盘之间的定位，有利于提升定位精度和换电成功率。
下面对本申请的充换电站的一种可能的换电过程进行介绍。
一种可能的实施过程中，待换电车辆驶入充换电站并停放于换电位置，换电机器人20移动至待换电车辆下方，举升装置动作带动电池承载装置上升至待换电车辆的底盘处，此时定位销22上升并伸入至亏电电池包的电池定位孔121中，换电机器人20与亏电电池包定位完成。然后，加解锁装置动作对亏电电池包进行解锁，亏电电池包脱离安装位111并承载于电池承载装置。接下来，举升装置动作带动电池承载装置和亏电电池包一同下降，下降至初始位置后，换电机器人20承载亏电电池包移动至电池仓，并将亏电电池包转运至电池仓，并从电池仓接收满电电池包，接收过程中通过定位销22与满电电池包进行定位。然后换电机器人20承载满电电池包再次移动至待换电车辆下方，举升装置动作带动电池承载装置上升至待换电车辆的底盘处，与满电电池包处于定位状态的定位销22伸入车身定位孔112中，实现满电电池包与底盘本体11之间的定位。最后，加解锁装置动作对满电电池包进行加锁操作，加锁结束后举升装置动作带动电池承载装置下降，定位销22依次退出车身定位孔112和电池定位孔121，电池包更换完成。
本领域的技术人员能够理解，尽管在此所述的一些实施例包括其它实施例中所包括的某些特征而不是其它特征，但是不同实施例的特征的组合意味着处于本申请的范围之内并且形成不同的实施例。例如，在本申请的权利要求书中，所要求保护的实施例的任意之一都可以以任意的组合方式来使用。
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本申请的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本申请的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本申请的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种底盘总成，包括底盘本体和电池包，所述底盘本体上设置有电池安装位，所述电池包可拆卸地安装于所述安装位，
    其特征在于，所述底盘本体上还开设有多个车身定位孔，所述电池包上开设有多个电池定位孔，在所述电池包安装于所述安装位上时，对于每一个所述电池定位孔均存在一个与其轴向相对应的所述车身定位孔。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的底盘总成，其特征在于，所述电池定位孔的孔径大于所述车身定位孔的孔径。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的底盘总成，其特征在于，所述电池定位孔和所述车身定位孔的数量均为两个。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的底盘总成，其特征在于，两个所述电池定位孔沿对角方向设置与所述电池包的外壳上。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的底盘总成，其特征在于，所述安装位为安装槽，所述车身定位孔设置于所述安装槽外侧。
  6. 一种可换电车辆，其特征在于，所述可换电车辆包括权利要求1至5中任一项所述的底盘总成。
  7. 一种换电机器人，用于为权利要求6所述的可换电车辆换电，其特征在于，所述换电机器人包括机器人本体和设置于所述机器人本体上的定位销，所述定位销被设置成能够同时插入所述电池定位孔和所述车身定位孔。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的换电机器人，其特征在于，所述定位销由上至下包括第一销段和第二销段，所述第一销段和所述第二销段均为柱状，所述第一销段的外径小于所述第二销段的外径，所述第一销段的顶部具有倒角。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的换电机器人，其特征在于，所述定位销可升降设置。
  10. 一种充换电站，其特征在于，所述充换电站包括权利要求7至9中任一项所述的换电机器人。
PCT/CN2024/139947 2024-03-15 2024-12-17 底盘总成、可换电车辆、换电机器人及充换电站 Pending WO2025189883A1 (zh)

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CN202006771U (zh) * 2009-12-18 2011-10-12 日产自动车株式会社 电动车辆用电池的连接器构造
CN104701473A (zh) * 2013-12-04 2015-06-10 株式会社丰田自动织机 用于车辆的电池单元保持装置
WO2019101028A1 (zh) * 2017-11-22 2019-05-31 蔚来汽车有限公司 浮动对接装置、换电机器人以及加锁、解锁和加解锁方法
CN209650247U (zh) * 2018-12-25 2019-11-19 蔚来汽车有限公司 电池包调整装置以及换电小车
CN115284940A (zh) * 2021-12-02 2022-11-04 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 电池包拆装机构和包含其的换电机器人
CN116461314A (zh) * 2023-04-28 2023-07-21 浙江极氪智能科技有限公司 电动车辆

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN202006771U (zh) * 2009-12-18 2011-10-12 日产自动车株式会社 电动车辆用电池的连接器构造
CN104701473A (zh) * 2013-12-04 2015-06-10 株式会社丰田自动织机 用于车辆的电池单元保持装置
WO2019101028A1 (zh) * 2017-11-22 2019-05-31 蔚来汽车有限公司 浮动对接装置、换电机器人以及加锁、解锁和加解锁方法
CN209650247U (zh) * 2018-12-25 2019-11-19 蔚来汽车有限公司 电池包调整装置以及换电小车
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