WO2023098864A1 - 换电设备及包含其的换电站 - Google Patents

换电设备及包含其的换电站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023098864A1
WO2023098864A1 PCT/CN2022/136166 CN2022136166W WO2023098864A1 WO 2023098864 A1 WO2023098864 A1 WO 2023098864A1 CN 2022136166 W CN2022136166 W CN 2022136166W WO 2023098864 A1 WO2023098864 A1 WO 2023098864A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
tray
dismounting
battery tray
disassembly
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/136166
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建平
万里斌
朱明厚
胡海龙
庄智敏
Original Assignee
奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
上海电巴新能源科技有限公司
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Application filed by 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司, 上海电巴新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
Publication of WO2023098864A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023098864A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a power exchange device and a power exchange station comprising the same.
  • the direct charging type needs to set up a charging pile to charge the electric vehicle, but the charging time is long and the efficiency is low.
  • the battery-swapping type needs to set up a battery-swapping station, and realizes quick battery swapping by replacing the battery of the electric vehicle, which shortens a long time compared with the direct-charging type.
  • the battery exchange equipment is an important equipment in the battery exchange station, which undertakes the main work of battery exchange for the vehicle, including removing the battery pack from the battery exchange vehicle and installing the battery pack on the battery exchange vehicle.
  • the battery replacement equipment needs to enter the bottom of the vehicle to remove the battery pack, then load the removed battery pack, and also need to carry a new battery pack into the bottom of the vehicle again, and then install the new battery pack.
  • the replaceable battery pack For the replaceable battery pack, it can be mounted to the vehicle bracket through fasteners, and the locking device on the vehicle bracket can realize the fixing of the battery pack.
  • the pallet is usually provided with a dismounting mechanism to complete related operations.
  • the dismounting mechanism can lock or unlock the fasteners, thereby realizing the installation or removal of the battery pack.
  • Traditional battery replacement equipment needs to be manually detected and adjusted to complete the alignment with the vehicle, which is inefficient and requires manual labor. Operation, resulting in the battery pack is not easy to remove or install in place.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome that in the prior art, the battery pack is easily shaken after the battery pack is loaded, and there is a phenomenon of movement and dislocation, which makes it difficult to take out the battery pack or install it in place, resulting in low access efficiency and low safety.
  • the disadvantage of not being high is to provide a power exchange device and a power exchange station including the same.
  • a battery swapping device which includes a shuttle, a battery tray, a leveling component, and a disassembly mechanism, the battery tray is arranged above the shuttle, and the bottom of the leveling component is connected to the shuttle, The top of the leveling part is used to cooperate with the chassis of the vehicle, and the dismounting mechanism is connected to the battery tray and used to unlock or lock the fixing part of the battery pack.
  • the above-mentioned structure is adopted, and the battery tray on the shuttle car is matched with the chassis of the vehicle through the top of the leveling component, so that the disassembly mechanism on the battery tray can be leveled and aligned before unlocking or locking. Accurate, so as to achieve the leveling position of the battery replacement equipment, strong adaptability, high battery replacement stability, fast working speed and high efficiency.
  • the shuttle car includes a lifting mechanism, the battery tray is arranged on the lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism drives the battery tray to rise or fall along the battery pack disassembly direction.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted, and the battery tray is raised to the working position by the lifting mechanism, so that the disassembly mechanism can cooperate with the fixing part of the battery pack, thereby unlocking or locking the battery pack.
  • the battery tray is moved downward by the lifting mechanism, so that the dismounting mechanism moves away from the vehicle, so that the shuttle vehicle can leave the bottom of the vehicle.
  • the lifting mechanism is the benchmark for the floating of the tray installation mechanism.
  • the lifting mechanism includes a first driving part and a transmission part, the first driving part is arranged on the shuttle car, and the transmission part is connected to the first driving part and the battery tray respectively.
  • the above structure is adopted, and the first driving part and the transmission part are used to realize the lifting of the battery tray. While ensuring its lifting stability, the structure is simplified as much as possible to ensure that the battery replacement operation of the battery replacement equipment is not affected.
  • the first driving part is a motor
  • the transmission part is a cam
  • the motor drives the cam to rotate, and when the protruding portion of the cam lifts the battery tray, the battery tray is at the working height.
  • the battery tray is connected to the shuttle car through a tray installation mechanism along the direction of battery pack disassembly and assembly, and the battery tray can elastically move relative to the shuttle car parallel and/or perpendicular to the direction of battery disassembly and assembly.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted to realize the floating connection of the battery tray on the shuttle car, so that the battery tray can drive the disassembly mechanism to fine-tune the position of the battery pack disassembly direction in a certain floating space, and improve the tray installation mechanism and battery capacity.
  • the tray and the disassembly mechanism are self-adaptive, which is convenient for the disassembly mechanism to align with the fixed parts of the battery pack, with high battery replacement stability, fast working speed and high efficiency.
  • the floating in the direction of battery pack disassembly and assembly can prevent the battery tray from rising too much, resulting in rigid collision between the protruding parts on the battery tray and the vehicle, reducing component damage and prolonging the service life of the battery replacement equipment.
  • the tray installation mechanism includes:
  • the installation part is connected to the battery tray
  • the fixed part is connected to the shuttle
  • the tray elastic assembly is arranged between the installation part and the fixing part, and the tray elastic assembly is elastically deformed parallel to and/or perpendicular to the battery dismounting direction, so that the installation part is relatively Elastically move on the fixing part parallel to and/or perpendicular to the direction of battery disassembly and assembly.
  • the tray elastic assembly is arranged between the installation part and the fixing part, relying on the elastic deformation of the tray elastic assembly itself so that the installation part is parallel to the fixing part and/or perpendicular to the battery dismounting direction Elastic movement, so that the installation part can drive the battery tray to fine-tune the position in the direction of disassembling and assembling the battery pack in a certain floating space.
  • the overall structure of the tray mounting mechanism is simple and very convenient to use.
  • the fixing part includes a housing and a fixing base, the fixing base is arranged below the installation part along the battery pack disassembly direction, the housing is arranged around the outside of the installation part, the The housing is arranged above the fixed base and connected to the fixed base;
  • the tray elastic assembly includes a first elastic assembly and/or a second elastic assembly, the first elastic assembly is arranged between the mounting part and the fixed base, and the first elastic assembly can be parallel to the battery Elastic deformation occurs in the dismounting direction; the second elastic component is disposed between the mounting part and the housing, and the second elastic component can be elastically deformed perpendicular to the battery dismounting direction.
  • the mounting part can transfer the floating direction perpendicular to the battery pack disassembly direction to the housing, so that only the mounting part needs to be connected to the battery tray, and at the same time it can be parallel to the battery pack disassembly direction.
  • the floating perpendicular to the direction of disassembly and assembly of the battery pack reduces the number of connected parts on the installation part and simplifies the overall structure; at the same time, it can prevent the installation part from being skewed during the floating process and maintain the stability of the battery tray during the floating process.
  • tray installation mechanisms there are multiple tray installation mechanisms, and the plurality of tray installation mechanisms are evenly distributed on the bottom of the battery tray.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted to ensure a more stable floating of the battery tray through multiple tray installation mechanisms, and avoid the skew of the battery tray during the floating process from affecting the installation and alignment process, thereby achieving high battery replacement stability and fast working speed ,efficient.
  • one end of the dismounting mechanism facing the fixing part can elastically move relative to the battery tray parallel to the battery dismounting direction and/or swing obliquely to the battery dismounting direction.
  • the end of the dismounting mechanism can move elastically parallel to the battery dismounting direction relative to the battery tray and/or swing along an oblique direction to the battery dismounting direction, even if the dismounting mechanism is in contact with the fixed part Errors in relative positioning can also achieve fine-tuning in a certain floating space of the disassembly mechanism and can be connected to the fixed parts, thereby realizing unlocking or locking of the fixed parts, reducing the requirements for positioning accuracy and improving alignment efficiency.
  • the movement of the disassembly mechanism makes the floating in the direction of battery pack disassembly and assembly can prevent the disassembly mechanism from rising too much, resulting in a rigid collision between the disassembly mechanism and the vehicle, and prolonging the service life of the battery replacement equipment.
  • the dismounting mechanism includes a mounting base, a connecting portion and a dismounting portion, the lower end of the mounting base is mounted on the battery tray, and the dismounting portion is used to unlock or lock the fixing part of the battery pack,
  • the dismounting part is connected to the mounting seat through the connecting part;
  • the lower end of the detachable part is movably connected with the upper end of the connecting part, and the upper end of the detachable part can swing from the axis of the connecting part to the outside of the axis of the connecting part, so that the The dismounting part swings relative to the battery tray obliquely to the battery dismounting direction;
  • a third elastic component is arranged between the connecting part and the mounting seat, and the third elastic component is elastically deformed parallel to the battery dismounting direction, so that the dismounting part is parallel to the battery tray. Elastic movement in the direction of battery removal.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted, and a movable connection is adopted between the dismounting part and the connecting part, so that the dismounting part can swing relative to the axial direction of the connecting part, thereby increasing the movable range of the dismounting part and reducing the positioning Accuracy requirements can improve the efficiency of aligning fixed components.
  • the third elastic component can be reset, and the stability is high. The structural stability is increased through the mounting seat, and the overall structure is simple and compact.
  • the detachable part is connected with the connecting part through a pivot shaft.
  • the dismounting mechanism further includes a reset part, the reset part is sheathed on the outer peripheral surface of the dismounting part and the connecting part, and the resetting part is used to align the axis of the dismounting part with the The axes of the connecting parts are coincident.
  • the reset part is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the detachable part and drives the detachable part to reset, so that the axis of the detachable part can coincide with the axis of the fixed part, thereby realizing the unlocking of the fixed part or Locking can reduce the requirement of positioning accuracy and improve the efficiency of aligning the fixed parts.
  • the dismounting mechanism further includes a second driving part, the second driving part is in transmission connection with the connecting part, and the second driving part applies torque to the dismounting part through the connecting part.
  • the second driving part is used to provide the rotational driving force, and the torque is applied to the dismounting part through the transmission of the connecting part, so that the twisting of the fixed part can realize unlocking or locking, which is very convenient to use , and easy to control, high precision, high stability.
  • the dismounting mechanism is a torque gun
  • the dismounting part is a sleeve device
  • the second driving part is a motor assembly; the motor assembly drives the sleeve device to rotate through the connecting part.
  • the fixed parts are unlocked or locked by controlling the rotation of the sleeve device of the torque gun.
  • the torque gun is driven by a motor, has a simple and stable structure, and can realize precise control of the torque and the number of rotations.
  • the multiple dismounting mechanisms are distributed in an array on the battery tray, and the positions of the multiple dismounting mechanisms are closely related to the multiple fixing parts on the battery pack. correspond to each other.
  • the multiple leveling components are respectively located on the peripheral edges of the shuttle.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted, and multiple leveling components are arranged on the surrounding edges of the shuttle, and the tops of the multiple leveling components are matched with the chassis of the vehicle to ensure the leveling between the shuttle and the vehicle. It is more stable and the leveling effect is better.
  • the number of the leveling components is four, and the four leveling components are respectively located at the four corners of the shuttle.
  • the above-mentioned structure is adopted, and the four leveling components are arranged at the four corners of the shuttle car, so the structure is simple and stable; at the same time, the space formed between the four leveling components will be used for Set up battery trays, disassembly and assembly mechanisms and other structures, and avoid the location for accommodating battery packs to effectively avoid interference.
  • the top end of the leveling component has an abutment surface, and a plurality of the abutment surfaces are located on the same plane.
  • the battery tray is also provided with a positioning component, the positioning component is matched with the positioning hole provided on the chassis of the vehicle, and the height of the positioning component extending from the top surface of the battery tray is greater than the The dismounting mechanism extends beyond the height of the top surface of the battery tray.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted, and the positioning parts and positioning holes that cooperate with each other are used to realize accurate positioning between the vehicle and the battery tray, which facilitates the disassembly mechanism to align with the fixed parts of the battery, greatly improving the success rate of unlocking, and High battery replacement stability, fast working speed and high efficiency.
  • the top end of the positioning component has a guide surface whose diameter gradually increases from top to bottom.
  • the guide surface has a guiding effect.
  • the guide surface at the top of the positioning component makes it easier for the positioning component to be inserted into the positioning hole. Even if there is a slight error in the horizontal direction, the battery tray can be aligned to achieve Precise alignment of the detachable part and the fixed part of the battery pack.
  • the multiple positioning components are respectively located on both sides of the center of the battery tray.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted, and a plurality of positioning components are arranged on both sides of the center of the battery tray to ensure that the battery tray does not move horizontally in the plane where it is located, thereby further improving the positioning accuracy and unlocking. stability.
  • the battery tray is provided with a supporting part for supporting and carrying the battery pack, and the height of the supporting part protruding from the upper surface of the battery tray is lower than the height of the dismounting mechanism protruding from the upper surface of the battery tray. high.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted to make the battery pack fall on the support member after unlocking or before locking, instead of directly falling on the dismounting mechanism, effectively avoiding damage caused by the impact of the battery pack on the dismounting mechanism.
  • the damage phenomenon greatly improves the safety and stability of the power exchange equipment.
  • multiple supporting components there are multiple supporting components, and multiple supporting components are arranged on the outer edge and/or the middle area of the battery tray.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted to effectively support the outer edge and/or middle area of the battery pack through multiple supporting parts, which can effectively prevent the battery pack from turning over on the battery tray and improve the battery tray carrying vehicle. Stability when using the battery pack.
  • a power exchange station includes the above-mentioned power exchange equipment.
  • the above-mentioned structural form is adopted, and the top of the leveling component cooperates with the chassis of the vehicle, so that the disassembly mechanism on the battery tray can be leveled and aligned before unlocking or locking, so as to realize the power exchange equipment Reach the leveling position, strong adaptability, high stability of battery replacement, fast working speed and high efficiency.
  • the power exchange station further includes a control system, the control system is electrically connected to the power exchange equipment, and the control system is used to control the operation of the assembly and disassembly mechanism.
  • the control system is electrically connected to the power exchange equipment and used to control the power exchange equipment, thereby realizing the disassembly or installation of the battery pack.
  • the disassembly and installation are very convenient, high in efficiency, and high in safety. .
  • the dismounting mechanism is a torque gun
  • the control system is used to control the rotary switch and output power of the torque gun, and receive the number of rotations and torque information of the torque gun.
  • control system can detect the torque gun during the whole process of unlocking or locking by controlling the rotary switch and output power of the torque gun and receiving the number of rotations and torque information of the torque gun. Steps are successful, so as to achieve precise control, high security and stability.
  • the battery tray on the shuttle car cooperates with the chassis of the vehicle through the top of the leveling component, so that the disassembly and assembly mechanism on the battery tray can be realized before unlocking or locking.
  • Leveling and alignment so as to achieve the leveling position of the battery replacement equipment, strong adaptability, high battery replacement stability, fast working speed and high efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a power exchange device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a power exchange device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a power exchange device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a tray installation mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the tray installation mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the dismounting mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the assembly and disassembly mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention discloses a power exchange station, which includes power exchange equipment.
  • the vehicle that needs to replace the battery pack drives into the battery exchange station, the battery exchange equipment removes the battery pack that has lost power in the vehicle, and the battery exchange equipment installs the fully charged battery pack on the vehicle, thus completing the battery exchange operation for the vehicle .
  • the power exchange equipment includes a shuttle car 1, a battery tray 2, a leveling component 3, and a disassembly mechanism 4.
  • the battery tray 2 is set above the shuttle car 1, and the bottom of the leveling component 3 is connected to On the shuttle car 1, the top of the leveling component 3 is used to cooperate with the chassis of the vehicle, and the dismounting mechanism 4 is connected to the battery tray 2 and used to unlock or lock the fixed part of the battery pack.
  • the shuttle vehicle 1 When the power exchange equipment is working, the shuttle vehicle 1 is located under the chassis of the vehicle. At this moment, the vehicle is lifted to a position where the top of the leveling component 3 is close to the chassis of the vehicle by the lifter; then through fine-tuning, the top of the leveling component 3 and the chassis of the vehicle are abutted against each other; the dismounting mechanism 4 will use the It is used to unlock or lock the fixed part of the battery pack, so as to realize the detachment or installation of the battery pack to the vehicle.
  • the battery tray 2 on the shuttle car 1 cooperates with the chassis of the vehicle through the top of the leveling part 3, so that the disassembly mechanism 4 on the battery tray 2 can be leveled and aligned before unlocking or locking, so as to realize the replacement.
  • the electrical equipment reaches the leveling position, with strong adaptability, high stability of battery replacement, fast working speed and high efficiency.
  • the number of leveling components 3 can be multiple, and the multiple leveling components 3 are respectively located on the periphery of the shuttle car 1 .
  • a plurality of leveling components 3 are arranged on the peripheral edge of the shuttle vehicle 1, and the tops of the plurality of leveling components 3 are used to cooperate with the chassis of the vehicle to ensure that the leveling between the shuttle vehicle 1 and the vehicle is more stable, and the leveling Better results.
  • the top end of the leveling component 3 has an abutment surface 31, and a plurality of abutment surfaces 31 are located on the same plane.
  • the heights of the multiple leveling components 3 are the same, and the plane formed by the top surface of the leveling component 3 is the abutment surface 31. With the multiple abutment surfaces 31 located on the same horizontal plane, the leveling is more stable and the leveling effect is better .
  • the plane where the abutting surfaces 31 of the plurality of leveling components 3 are located is parallel to the plane where the battery tray 2 is located. In this way, it can be ensured that the plane where the vehicle chassis/battery fixing parts are located is parallel to the battery tray, so that the dismounting mechanism 4 on the battery tray 2 can accurately cooperate with the fixing parts, avoiding alignment deviation or jamming during the unlocking or locking process situation, improve the accuracy and efficiency of battery replacement.
  • the number of leveling components 3 is four, and the four leveling components 3 are respectively located at four corners of the shuttle vehicle 1 .
  • the structure is simple and stable; at the same time, the space formed between the four leveling parts 3 will be used to set the battery tray 2, disassemble Mechanism 4 and other structures, and the leveling component 3 is set at the corner to avoid the position on the shuttle car 1 for accommodating the battery pack, effectively avoiding interference.
  • the shuttle car 1 also includes a lifting mechanism 11 on which the battery tray 2 is arranged, and the lifting mechanism 11 drives the battery tray 2 to rise or fall along the direction of disassembling and assembling the battery pack.
  • the lifting battery tray 2 is lifted to the working position by the lifting mechanism 11, so that the dismounting mechanism 4 can be aligned with the fixed part of the battery pack, thereby realizing the alignment of the battery. Unlock or lock the package.
  • the battery tray 2 is moved downward by the lifting mechanism 11, so that the dismounting mechanism 4 moves away from the vehicle, so that the shuttle vehicle 1 can move away from the bottom of the vehicle.
  • the power swapping device has an initial state and a power swapping state.
  • the leveling component 3 When in the initial state, the leveling component 3 is higher than the dismounting mechanism 4 .
  • the leveling component 3 with a higher position is used to level the vehicle, and then the disassembly mechanism 4 is used to perform the battery replacement operation.
  • the elevating mechanism 11 and other means can be used, so that the positional relationship between the leveling component 3 and the dismounting mechanism 4 can be adjusted at any time, so as to facilitate the battery replacement operation.
  • the lifting mechanism 11 includes a first drive part 111 and a transmission part 112 , the first drive part 111 is arranged on the shuttle car 1 , and the transmission part 112 is connected to the first drive part 111 and the battery tray 2 respectively.
  • the first driving part 111 will be used to provide a driving force, and the transmission part 112 will act on the battery tray 2, so that the battery tray 2 can be lifted or lowered along the battery pack disassembly direction.
  • the first driving part 111 and the transmission part 112 are used to realize the lifting of the battery tray 2. While ensuring its lifting stability, the structure is simplified as much as possible to ensure that the power changing operation of the power changing equipment is not affected.
  • the first driving part 111 is a motor
  • the transmission part 112 is a cam
  • the motor drives the cam to rotate.
  • the protruding part of the cam lifts the battery tray 2, the battery tray 2 is at the working height.
  • the structure is simple, the installation and setting are very convenient, and the cost is low.
  • the first driving part 111 can also use other driving mechanisms such as hydraulic devices to provide driving force
  • the transmission part 112 can also use other transmission components such as transmission rods to realize the transmission of force. .
  • the battery tray 2 is connected to the shuttle car 1 through the tray mounting mechanism 5 along the direction of battery pack disassembly and assembly, and the battery tray 2 can elastically move relative to the shuttle car 1 parallel and/or perpendicular to the direction of battery disassembly and assembly.
  • the tray installation mechanism 5 the shuttle car 1 and the battery tray 2 can be elastically moved parallel and/or perpendicular to the direction of battery disassembly and assembly, so that the battery tray 2 is floatingly connected to the shuttle car 1, so that the battery tray 2 can be driven to be disassembled.
  • Mechanism 4 fine-tunes the position in the battery pack disassembly direction in a certain floating space, improves the adaptability of tray installation mechanism 5, battery tray 2 and disassembly mechanism 4, facilitates disassembly mechanism 4 to align with the fixed parts of the battery pack, and replaces High electrical stability, fast working speed and high efficiency.
  • the floating in the direction of battery pack disassembly can prevent the battery tray 2 from rising too much, resulting in rigid collision between the protruding parts on the battery tray 2 and the vehicle, reducing component damage and prolonging the service life of the battery replacement equipment.
  • the tray mounting mechanism 5 includes a fixing part 51, a mounting part 52 and a tray elastic assembly 53.
  • the mounting part 52 is connected to the battery tray 2
  • the fixing part 51 is connected to the shuttle car 1
  • the tray elastic assembly 53 is arranged between the mounting part 52 and the fixing part 51.
  • the tray elastic component 53 is elastically deformed parallel and/or perpendicular to the battery dismounting direction, so that the mounting part 52 elastically moves relative to the fixing part 51 parallel and/or perpendicular to the battery dismounting direction.
  • the tray elastic assembly 53 is arranged between the mounting portion 52 and the fixing portion 51, and the elastic deformation of the tray elastic assembly 53 itself makes the mounting portion 52 elastically move relative to the fixing portion 51 parallel and/or perpendicular to the battery dismounting direction, thereby It is realized that the mounting part 52 can drive the battery tray 2 to fine-tune the position in the direction of disassembling and assembling the battery pack in a certain floating space.
  • the pallet installation mechanism 5 has a simple overall structure and is very convenient to use.
  • the fixing part 51 includes a housing 511 and a fixing base 512.
  • the fixing base 512 is arranged below the installation part 52 along the battery pack disassembly direction.
  • the housing 511 is arranged around the outside of the installation part 52.
  • the housing 511 Located above the fixed base 512 and connected to the fixed base 512; the tray elastic component 53 includes a first elastic component 531 and/or a second elastic component 532, and the first elastic component 531 is arranged between the mounting part 52 and the fixed base 512 , the first elastic component 531 can be elastically deformed along the direction parallel to the battery disassembly; the second elastic component 532 is arranged between the mounting part 52 and the housing 511, and the second elastic component 532 can be deformed along the direction perpendicular to the battery disassembly Elastic deformation.
  • the first elastic component 531 is disposed between the mounting portion 52 and the fixed base 512 , and the first elastic component 531 expands and contracts relative to the fixed base 512 to drive the mounting portion 52 to float along a direction parallel to the disassembly and assembly of the battery pack.
  • the second elastic component 532 is disposed between the mounting portion 52 and the housing 511 , and the second elastic component 532 expands and contracts relative to the housing 511 to drive the mounting portion 52 to float along a direction perpendicular to the battery pack disassembly direction.
  • both the first elastic component 531 and the second elastic component 532 can use springs, which are simple and reliable in structure and low in cost.
  • the first elastic component 531 and the second elastic component 532 Other elastic components such as rubber parts can also be used.
  • the housing 511 and the installation part 52 are in the form of nesting each other.
  • the installation part 52 can transfer the float to the housing 511 along the direction perpendicular to the disassembly and assembly of the battery pack, so that only the installation part 52 needs to be connected to the battery tray 2, that is, Floating parallel to the direction of disassembly and assembly of the battery pack and perpendicular to the direction of disassembly and assembly of the battery pack can be realized at the same time, reducing the number of components connected to the installation part 52 and simplifying the overall structure; on the other hand, the housing 511 is arranged outside the installation part 52 , it can avoid the mounting part 52 from being skewed during the floating process, and maintain the stability of the battery tray 2 during the floating process.
  • the fixing part 51 is sleeved on the outside of the mounting part 52, there is more space for the second elastic component 532 to be arranged between the housing 511 and the mounting part 52, and the second elastic component 532 can be arranged along the entire circumferential direction. It is beneficial to increase the floating direction on the plane perpendicular to the battery pack disassembly direction, and further improve the adaptability of the tray installation mechanism 5 and the battery tray 2 .
  • tray installation mechanisms 5 There are multiple tray installation mechanisms 5 , and the plurality of tray installation mechanisms 5 are evenly distributed on the bottom of the battery tray 2 .
  • a plurality of tray installation mechanisms 5 ensure that the floating of the battery tray 2 is more stable, avoiding the skewing of the battery tray 2 during the floating process and affecting the installation and alignment process, so as to achieve high battery replacement stability, fast working speed, and high efficiency.
  • the number of tray installation mechanisms 5 is at least four, and at least four tray installation mechanisms 5 are evenly distributed on the bottom of the battery tray 2 .
  • one end of the dismounting mechanism 4 facing the fixing part can elastically move relative to the battery tray 2 along a direction parallel to the dismounting direction of the battery.
  • the end of the dismounting mechanism 4 can be displaced in the vertical direction relative to the battery tray 2. Even if there is an error in the relative positioning of the dismounting mechanism 4 and the fixed part in the vertical direction, the dismounting mechanism 4 can also be floating in the vertical direction. It can be fine-tuned in the space and can be connected with the fixed part, so as to realize the unlocking or locking of the fixed part, reduce the requirement of positioning accuracy, and improve the efficiency of alignment.
  • the movement of the dismounting mechanism 4 makes the floating in the dismounting direction of the battery pack avoid the excessive rise of the dismounting mechanism 4, resulting in a rigid collision between the dismounting mechanism 4 and the vehicle, reducing component damage and prolonging the service life of the battery replacement equipment.
  • the dismounting mechanism 4 includes a mounting base 41, a connecting portion 42 and a dismounting portion 43.
  • the lower end of the mounting base 41 is installed on the battery tray 2.
  • the dismounting portion 43 is used to unlock or lock the fixed parts of the battery pack.
  • the dismounting portion 43 passes through
  • the connecting portion 42 is connected to the mounting base 41; wherein, a third elastic component 44 is provided between the connecting portion 42 and the mounting base 41, and the third elastic component 44 is elastically deformed along a direction parallel to the battery dismounting, so that the dismounting portion 43 Relative to the battery tray 2, it moves elastically parallel to the battery dismounting direction.
  • the dismounting part 43 is connected to the mounting base 41 through the connecting part 42, the axes of the connecting part 42 and the mounting base 41 coincide, and the connecting part 42 can move on the mounting base 41 parallel to the battery dismounting direction, passing through the third elastic component 44 Respectively act on the connecting part 42 and the mounting seat 41 and are used to drive the connecting part 42 to move in a direction away from the mounting seat 41, so that the dismounting part 43 moves elastically relative to the battery tray 2 in a direction parallel to the battery dismounting. After the installation part 43 is used, it can be reset by the third elastic component 44 and has high stability.
  • part of the structure of the connecting part 42 is arranged in the mounting seat 41, and the installation of the connecting part 42 and the dismounting part 43 is realized through the mounting seat 41, and a reliable protective structure is provided for the connecting part 42 and the dismounting part 43, which increases the structure Stability, and the overall structure is simple and compact.
  • One end of the dismounting mechanism 4 facing the fixing part can swing relative to the battery tray 2 in an oblique direction to the dismounting direction of the battery.
  • the lower end of the detachable part 43 is movably connected with the upper end of the connecting part 42, and the upper end of the detachable part 43 can swing from the axis of the connecting part 42 to the outside of the axis of the connecting part 42, so that the detachable part 43 is relatively opposite to the battery tray 2. Swing in the direction oblique to battery removal.
  • the detachable part 43 is connected with the connecting part 42 through a pivot shaft.
  • the swing between the detachable part 43 and the connecting part 42 is realized by using the pivot shaft, and the structure is simple and reliable.
  • other flexible connection methods can also be used between the detachable part 43 and the connecting part 42 , which is not limited here.
  • the dismounting mechanism 4 also includes a resetting part 45 , which is sheathed on the outer peripheral surfaces of the dismounting part 43 and the connecting part 42 , and the resetting part 45 is used to make the axis of the dismounting part 43 coincide with the axis of the connecting part 42 .
  • the reset part 45 is sleeved on the outer peripheral surface of the detachable part 43 and drives the detachable part 43 to reset, so that the axis of the detachable part 43 can coincide with the axis of the fixed part, thereby realizing the unlocking or locking of the fixed part, and the stability is more stable. high.
  • the reset component 45 is a spring, specifically a wave spring.
  • the reset component 45 can also be made of other elastic materials such as rubber sleeves, which is simple in structure and reliable in use.
  • the dismounting mechanism 4 further includes a second driving part 46 , which is in transmission connection with the connecting part 42 , and the second driving part 46 applies torque to the dismounting part 43 through the connecting part 42 .
  • the second driving part 46 is used to provide a rotational driving force, and the torque is applied to the dismounting part 43 through the transmission of the connecting part 42, so that the twisting of the fixed part can realize unlocking or locking, which is very convenient to use, easy to control, and has high precision , high stability.
  • the dismounting mechanism 4 is a torque gun
  • the dismounting part 43 is a sleeve device
  • the second driving part 46 is a motor assembly; the motor assembly drives the sleeve device to rotate through the connection part 42 .
  • the fixed parts are unlocked or locked by controlling the rotation of the sleeve device of the torque gun.
  • the torque gun is driven by the motor assembly, the structure is simple and stable, and it can realize the precise control of the torque and the number of rotations.
  • the assembly and disassembly mechanism 4 can also include a harmonic reducer assembly, the power output end of the motor assembly is connected to the power input end of the harmonic reducer assembly, and the power output end of the harmonic reducer assembly is used to output power to drive the connecting part 42 turns.
  • a harmonic reducer assembly By using the motor assembly and the harmonic reducer assembly, the length of the dismounting mechanism 4 can be effectively reduced, so that the dismounting mechanism 4 can be conveniently arranged in the power exchange equipment of the power exchange station.
  • the output of the motor assembly is high speed and low torque, and the power of the motor assembly can be converted into low speed and high torque through the harmonic reducer, so as to better adapt to the working requirements of the sleeve device of the torque gun.
  • dismounting mechanisms 4 which are distributed in an array on the battery tray 2 , and the positions of the dismounting mechanisms 4 correspond one-to-one to the multiple fixing parts on the battery pack.
  • dismounting mechanisms 4 By setting dismounting mechanisms 4 on the battery tray 2 corresponding to multiple fixing parts on the battery pack, all dismounting mechanisms 4 can unlock or lock all the fixing parts at the same time, so as to realize the connection between the battery pack and the vehicle.
  • the removal or installation of the lock greatly improves the efficiency and stability of unlocking or locking.
  • the battery tray 2 is also provided with a positioning part 21.
  • the positioning part 21 matches the positioning hole provided on the chassis of the vehicle.
  • the height of the positioning part 21 extending out of the top surface of the battery tray 2 is greater than that of the dismounting mechanism 4 extending out of the top surface of the battery tray 2. the height of.
  • the lifting mechanism 11 will be used to drive the battery tray 2 to rise along the battery pack disassembly direction. Since the height of the positioning part 21 is greater than the height of the dismounting part 43, the positioning part 21 will be in the dismounting part. 43 is inserted into the positioning hole to achieve positioning before it comes into contact with the fixing part.
  • the dismounting part 43 is aligned with the fixing part of the battery pack when the positioning part 21 is inserted into the positioning hole, so as to facilitate disassembly Part 43 unlocks and locks the fixed parts.
  • the positioning parts 21 and positioning holes that cooperate with each other, the precise positioning between the vehicle and the battery tray 2 is realized, so that the unlocking and locking process requires less positional accuracy between the two, greatly improving the success rate of unlocking, and battery replacement High stability, fast working speed and high efficiency.
  • the top end of the positioning component 21 has a guide surface whose diameter gradually increases from top to bottom.
  • the top of the positioning part 21 can be specifically conical or truncated conical, and the guide surface formed has a guiding effect.
  • the guide surface at the top of the positioning part 21 makes the positioning part 21 easier to insert into the positioning hole, even if there is a small error in the horizontal direction. Straighten the battery tray 2 to achieve accurate alignment of the detachable part 43 and the fixing part of the battery pack.
  • the multiple positioning components 21 are respectively located on both sides of the center of the battery tray 2 .
  • the multiple positioning components 21 are respectively located on both sides of the center of the battery tray 2 .
  • the battery tray 2 is provided with a supporting part 22 for supporting and carrying the battery pack.
  • the height of the supporting part 22 protruding from the upper surface of the battery tray 2 is lower than the height of the dismounting mechanism 4 protruding from the upper surface of the battery tray 2 .
  • the plurality of support members 22 are arranged on the outer edge and/or the middle area around the battery tray 2 .
  • the outer edge and/or middle area of the battery pack are effectively supported by a plurality of support members 22, which can effectively prevent the battery pack from turning over on the battery tray 2 and improve the stability of the battery tray 2 when carrying the vehicle battery pack.
  • the support member 22 is preferably made of nylon material, which can not only ensure the support strength, but also prevent the support member 22 from causing collision damage to the battery pack.
  • the power exchange station also includes a control system, which communicates with the power exchange equipment through wired or wireless communication, and the control system is used to control the disassembly mechanism 4 to work.
  • the control system is electrically connected to the power exchange equipment and used to control the power exchange equipment.
  • the control system can specifically control the movement of the shuttle car 1 to enter and exit the bottom of the electric vehicle, and can also raise or lower the lifting mechanism 11, and control the movement of the disassembly mechanism 4.
  • the unlocking or locking operation realizes the disassembly or installation of the battery pack.
  • the disassembly and installation are very convenient, with high efficiency and high safety.
  • the disassembly mechanism 4 is a torque gun, and the control system is used to control the rotary switch and output power of the torque gun, and to receive the rotation number and torque information of the torque gun.
  • the control system controls the rotary switch and output power of the torque gun and receives the number of rotations and torque information of the torque gun, so that it can detect whether each step of the torque gun is successful in the whole process of unlocking or locking, so as to achieve precise control and safety. High stability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种换电设备及包含其的换电站，所述换电设备包括穿梭车、电池托盘、校平部件以及拆装机构，所述电池托盘设置于所述穿梭车的上方，所述校平部件的底部连接于所述穿梭车上，所述校平部件的顶部用于与车辆的底盘相配合，所述拆装机构连接于所述电池托盘上并用于解锁或者锁止于电池包的固定部件。所述换电站包括如上所述的换电设备。本发明的换电设备及包含其的换电站，位于穿梭车上的电池托盘通过校平部件的顶部与车辆的底盘相配合，在进行解锁或者锁止之前使得位于电池托盘上的拆装机构实现校平对准，从而实现换电设备达到校平位置，自适应性强，换电稳定性高，且工作速度快、效率高。

Description

换电设备及包含其的换电站
本申请要求申请日为2021/12/2的中国专利申请2021114612785的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种换电设备及包含其的换电站。
背景技术
现有的电动汽车主要有两种充电方式，一种是直充式，另一种是快换式。其中，直充式需要设置充电桩来对电动汽车进行充电，但充电时间较长，效率较低。换电式需要设置换电站，通过对电动汽车更换电池来实现快速换电，相对于直充式缩短了很长时间。
换电设备是换电站内的重要设备，其承担了为车辆换电的主要工作，包括从换电车辆上拆卸电池包以及将电池包安装于换电车辆等。对于车底换电场景，换电设备需要进入车辆的车底拆卸电池包，然后载出卸下的电池包，还需要载着新的电池包再次进入车辆的底部，然后安装新的电池包。
对于可换式的电池包，可以通过紧固件安装至车辆托架，车辆托架上的锁止装置可以实现电池包的固定。托盘上通常设置有拆装机构完成相关操作。拆装机构可以锁紧或解锁紧固件，进而实现电池包的安装或拆卸。在电池包的安装或拆卸过程中需要将车辆与换电设备进行校平对准，传统的换电设备需要人为检测并调节以完成与车辆之间的校平对准，效率较低且需要人工操作，导致电池包不容易取出或者安装到位。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术中换电设备在装载电池包后容易产生晃动，易存在移动错位现象，导致电池包不容易取出或者安装到位，存取效率低，安全性也不高的缺陷，提供一种换电设备及包含其的换电站。
本发明是通过下述技术方案来解决上述技术问题：
一种换电设备，其包括穿梭车、电池托盘、校平部件以及拆装机构，所述电池托盘设置于所述穿梭车的上方，所述校平部件的底部连接于所述穿梭车上，所述校平部件的顶部用于与车辆的底盘相配合，所述拆装机构连接于所述电池托盘上并用于解锁或者锁止于电池包的固定部件。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，位于穿梭车上的电池托盘通过校平部件的顶部与车辆的底盘相配合，在进行解锁或者锁止之前使得位于电池托盘上的拆装机构实现校平对准，从而实现换电设备达到校平位置，自适应性强，换电稳定性高，且工作速度快、效率高。
较佳地，所述穿梭车包括升降机构，所述电池托盘设置在所述升降机构上，所述升降机构带动所述电池托盘沿电池包拆装方向上升或下降。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，通过升降机构将电池托盘上升至工作位置，使得拆装机构能够与电池包的固定部件相配合，从而实现对电池包的解锁或者锁止。同时，通过升降机构将电池托盘向下移动，使得拆装机构朝远离车辆的方向移动，便于穿梭车驶离出车辆的下方。同时升降机构为托盘安装机构浮动的基准，升降机构带动托盘安装机构升降的过程中，托盘安装机构使得托盘能够浮动，从而实现电池托盘的自适应性。
较佳地，所述升降机构包括第一驱动部和传动部，所述第一驱动部设置在所述穿梭车上，所述传动部分别与所述第一驱动部和所述电池托盘连接。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，采用第一驱动部和传动部来实现电池托盘的升降，在保证其升降稳定性的同时，尽可能简化结构以确保不影响换电设备的换电操作。
较佳地，所述第一驱动部为电机，所述传动部为凸轮；
所述电机驱动所述凸轮转动，所述凸轮的凸出部顶起所述电池托盘时，所述电池托盘位于工作高度。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，结构简单稳定，安装设置非常方便，且成本低。
较佳地，所述电池托盘沿电池包拆装方向通过托盘安装机构连接于所述穿梭车，所述电池托盘相对于所述穿梭车可沿平行和/或垂直于电池拆装方向弹性移动。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，实现电池托盘浮动连接在穿梭车上，从而电池托盘能够带动拆装机构在一定浮动空间内微调在电池包拆装方向上的位置，提高托盘安装机构、电池托盘和拆装机构自适应性，便于拆装机构对准电池包的固定部件，换电稳定性高，且工作速度快、效率高。同时，在电池包拆装方向上的浮动能够避免电池托盘上升过度导致电池托盘上的凸出部件与车辆产生刚性碰撞，减少部件损坏，延长换电设备的使用寿命。
较佳地，所述托盘安装机构包括：
安装部，所述安装部连接于所述电池托盘；
固定部，所述固定部连接于所述穿梭车；及
托盘弹性组件，所述托盘弹性组件设置在所述安装部与所述固定部之间，所述托盘弹性组件沿平行和/或垂直于电池拆装方向发生弹性形变，以使所述安装部相对于所述固定部沿平行和/或垂直于电池拆装方向弹性移动。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，将托盘弹性组件设置在安装部与固定部之间，依靠托盘弹性组件自身的弹性形变使得安装部相对于固定部沿平行和/或垂直于电池拆装方向弹性移动，从而实现安装部能够带动电池托盘在一定浮动空间内微调在电池包拆装方向上的位置。托盘安装机构整体结构简单，使用非常方便。
较佳地，所述固定部包括壳体和固定底座，所述固定底座沿电池包拆装方向设于所述安装部的下方，所述壳体环设于所述安装部的外部，所述壳体设于所述固定底座的上方并连接于所述固定底座；
所述托盘弹性组件包括第一弹性组件和/或第二弹性组件，所述第一弹性组件设置于所述安装部的与所述固定底座之间，所述第一弹性组件可沿平行于电池拆装方向发生弹性形变；所述第二弹性组 件设置于所述安装部的与所述壳体之间，所述第二弹性组件可沿垂直于电池拆装方向发生弹性形变。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，安装部能够将沿垂直于电池包拆装方向浮动传递给壳体，从而仅需将安装部连接于电池托盘，即可同时实现平行于电池包拆装方向和垂直于电池包拆装方向上的浮动，减少安装部上连接的部件，简化了整体结构；同时，能够避免安装部在浮动过程中产生歪斜，保持浮动过程中电池托盘的稳定性。
较佳地，所述托盘安装机构的数量为多个，多个所述托盘安装机构均匀分布在所述电池托盘的底部。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，通过多个托盘安装机构保证了电池托盘的浮动更加平稳，避免电池托盘在浮动过程中歪斜影响安装对准过程，从而实现换电稳定性高，工作速度快、效率高。
较佳地，所述拆装机构朝向所述固定部件的一端相对于所述电池托盘可沿平行于电池拆装方向弹性移动和/或沿倾斜于电池拆装方向摆动。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，拆装机构的端部将相对于电池托盘能够沿平行于电池拆装方向弹性移动和/或沿倾斜于电池拆装方向摆动，即使拆装机构与固定部件相对定位出现误差，也能够实现拆装机构的一定浮动空间内微调并可以与固定部件相连接，进而实现对固定部件的解锁或者锁止，降低定位精度的要求，提高对准的效率。同时，通过拆装机构的移动使得在电池包拆装方向上的浮动能够避免拆装机构上升过度导致拆装机构与车辆产生刚性碰撞，延长换电设备的使用寿命。
较佳地，所述拆装机构包括安装座、连接部和拆装部，所述安装座的下端安装于所述电池托盘，所述拆装部用于解锁或锁止电池包的固定部件，所述拆装部通过所述连接部连接于所述安装座；
其中，所述拆装部的下端与所述连接部的上端活动连接，所述拆装部的上端能够从所述连接部的轴线处向所述连接部的轴线外侧方向摆动，以使所述拆装部相对于所述电池托盘沿倾斜于电池拆装方向摆动；和/或
所述连接部与所述安装座之间设置有第三弹性组件，所述第三弹性组件沿平行于电池拆装方向发生弹性形变，以使所述拆装部相对于所述电池托盘沿平行于电池拆装方向弹性移动。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，拆装部与连接部之间采用活动连接方式，使得拆装部相对于连接部的轴线方向能够摆动，从而能够增大拆装部的活动范围，降低定位精度的要求，能够提高对准固定部件的效率。通过第三弹性组件能够复位，稳定性高。通过安装座增加了结构稳定性，且整体结构简单、紧凑。
较佳地，所述拆装部通过枢转轴与所述连接部相连接。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，利用枢转轴实现拆装部与连接部之间的摆动，结构简单、可靠。
较佳地，所述拆装机构还包括复位部件，所述复位部件套设于所述拆装部和所述连接部的外周面，所述复位部件用于使所述拆装部的轴线与所述连接部的轴线相重合。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，复位部件套设在拆装部的外周面上并驱使拆装部复位，使得拆装部的轴线能够与固定部件的轴线重合，进而实现固定部件的解锁或者锁止，能够降低定位精度的要求，能够提高对准固定部件的效率。
较佳地，所述拆装机构还包括第二驱动部，所述第二驱动部与所述连接部传动连接，所述第二驱动部通过所述连接部对所述拆装部施加扭矩。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，第二驱动部用于提供旋转驱动力，通过连接部的传动对拆装部施加扭矩，从而对固定部件的扭转即可实现解锁或者锁止，使用非常方便，且便于控制，精度高，稳定性高。
较佳地，所述拆装机构为扭矩枪，所述拆装部为套筒装置，所述第二驱动部为电机组件；所述电机组件通过所述连接部驱动所述套筒装置旋转。
在本方案中，通过控制扭矩枪的套筒装置旋转来解锁或锁止固定部件，扭矩枪通过电机驱动，结构简单稳定，且能够实现对转矩以及旋转圈数的精确控制。
较佳地，所述拆装机构的数量为多个，多个所述拆装机构呈阵列分布于所述电池托盘上，多个所述拆装机构的位置与电池包上的多个固定部件分别一一对应。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，通过在电池托盘上设置与电池包上的多个固定部件相对应的拆装机构，使得所有拆装机构能够同时对所有固定部件进行解锁或锁止，以实现电池包与车辆之间的拆卸或安装，大幅提高了解锁或锁止的效率和稳定性。
较佳地，所述校平部件的数量为多个，多个所述校平部件分别位于所述穿梭车的四周边缘。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，将多个校平部件设置在穿梭车的四周边缘，利用多个校平部件的顶部与车辆的底盘相配合，保证了穿梭车与车辆之间的校平更加稳定，且校平效果更好。
较佳地，所述校平部件的数量为四个，四个所述校平部件分别位于所述穿梭车的四个边角处。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，通过将四个校平部件设置在穿梭车的四个边角处，结构简单，且稳定高；同时，四个校平部件之间形成的空间将用于设置电池托盘、拆装机构等结构，且避让用于容纳电池包的位置，有效避免发生干涉现象。
较佳地，所述校平部件的顶端具有抵靠面，多个所述抵靠面位于同一平面上。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，通过多个抵靠面位于同一水平面上，实现校平更加稳定，且校平效果更好。
较佳地，所述电池托盘上还设有定位部件，所述定位部件与所述车辆的底盘上设置的定位孔相配合，所述定位部件延伸出所述电池托盘顶面的高度大于所述拆装机构延伸出所述电池托盘顶面的高度。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，利用相互配合的定位部件和定位孔，实现车辆与电池托盘之间的精确定位，便于拆装机构对准电池的固定部件，大大提高解锁的成功率，且换电稳定性高，工作速度快、效率高。
较佳地，所述定位部件的顶端具有自上而下直径逐渐增大的导向面。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，导向面具有导向作用，通过定位部件顶端的导向面使得定位部件更容易插入定位孔，即便在水平方向上具有微小误差也能够将电池托盘摆正，以实现拆装部与电池包的固定部件的精确对准。
较佳地，所述定位部件的数量为多个，多个所述定位部件分别位于所述电池托盘的中心的两侧。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，通过在电池托盘的中心的两侧设置多个定位部件，保证电池托盘能够在其所在的平面内不发生水平移动，从而进一步提高定位的准确性以及解锁的稳定性。
较佳地，所述电池托盘上设有用于支撑承载电池包的支撑部件，所述支撑部件伸出所述电池托盘上表面的高度低于所述拆装机构伸出所述电池托盘上表面的高度。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，使电池包在解锁后或者锁止前落在支撑部件上，而不是直接落在拆装机构上，有效避免了电池包对拆装机构的冲击而造成的损坏现象，大大提高了换电设备的安全稳定性。
较佳地，所述支撑部件的数量为多个，多个所述支撑部件设置于所述电池托盘的四周外缘和/或中间区域。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，通过多个支撑部件对电池包的四周外缘和/或中间区域实现了有效的支撑，能够有效防止电池包在电池托盘上发生翻转，提高电池托盘承载车用电池包时的稳定性。
一种换电站，其包括如上所述的换电设备。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，通过校平部件的顶部与车辆的底盘相配合，在进行解锁或者锁止之前使得位于电池托盘上的拆装机构实现校平对准，从而实现换电设备达到校平位置，自适应性强，换电稳定性高，且工作速度快、效率高。
较佳地，所述换电站还包括控制系统，所述控制系统电连接于所述换电设备，所述控制系统用于控制所述拆装机构工作。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，通过控制系统电连接于换电设备并用于控制换电设备，从而实现了对电池包的拆卸或者安装，拆卸、安装非常方便，效率高，且安全性高。
较佳地，所述拆装机构为扭矩枪，所述控制系统用于控制所述扭矩枪的旋转开关、输出功率以及接收所述扭矩枪的旋转圈数与转矩信息。
在本方案中，采用上述结构形式，控制系统通过控制扭矩枪的旋转开关、输出功率以及接收扭矩枪的旋转圈数与转矩信息，从而可以检测扭矩枪在解锁或者锁止的整个过程中各步骤是否成功，从而实现精确控制，安全稳定性高。
在符合本领域常识的基础上，上述各优选条件，可任意组合，即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明的积极进步效果在于：
本发明的换电设备及包含其的换电站，位于穿梭车上的电池托盘通过校平部件的顶部与车辆的底盘相配合，在进行解锁或者锁止之前使得位于电池托盘上的拆装机构实现校平对准，从而实现换电设备达到校平位置，自适应性强，换电稳定性高，且工作速度快、效率高。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的换电设备的立体结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例的换电设备的结构示意图。
图3为本发明实施例的换电设备的部分结构示意图。
图4为本发明实施例的托盘安装机构的结构示意图。
图5为本发明实施例的托盘安装机构的内部结构示意图。
图6为本发明实施例的拆装机构的结构示意图。
图7为本发明实施例的拆装机构的内部结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
穿梭车1
升降机构11
第一驱动部111
传动部112
电池托盘2
定位部件21
支撑部件22
校平部件3
抵靠面31
拆装机构4
安装座41
连接部42
拆装部43
第三弹性组件44
复位部件45
第二驱动部46
托盘安装机构5
固定部51
壳体511
固定底座512
安装部52
托盘弹性组件53
第一弹性组件531
第二弹性组件532
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式并结合附图来更清楚完整地说明本发明，但并不因此将本发明限制在的实施例范围之中。
本发明实施例公开了一种换电站，换电站包括换电设备。需要更换电池包的车辆驶入至换电站， 换电设备将车辆中亏电的电池包拆卸下来，且换电设备将充满电的电池包安装至车辆上，从而完成了对车辆的换电操作。
如图1-图7所示，该换电设备包括穿梭车1、电池托盘2、校平部件3以及拆装机构4，电池托盘2设置于穿梭车1的上方，校平部件3的底部连接于穿梭车1上，校平部件3的顶部用于与车辆的底盘相配合，拆装机构4连接于电池托盘2上并用于解锁或者锁止于电池包的固定部件。
当换电设备在工作时，穿梭车1位于车辆底盘的下方。此时车辆被升降机举升至校平部件3的顶部与车辆的底盘相接近的位置；随后经过微调，使得校平部件3的顶部与车辆的底盘相互抵靠配合；之后拆装机构4将用于对电池包的固定部件进行解锁或者锁止，从而实现将电池包拆卸或者安装至车辆上。位于穿梭车1上的电池托盘2通过校平部件3的顶部与车辆的底盘相配合，在进行解锁或者锁止之前使得位于电池托盘2上的拆装机构4实现校平对准，从而实现换电设备达到校平位置，自适应性强，换电稳定性高，且工作速度快、效率高。
校平部件3的数量为可以多个，多个校平部件3分别位于穿梭车1的四周边缘。将多个校平部件3设置在穿梭车1的四周边缘，利用多个校平部件3的顶部与车辆的底盘相配合，保证了穿梭车1与车辆之间的校平更加稳定，且校平效果更好。
校平部件3的顶端具有抵靠面31，多个抵靠面31位于同一平面上。多个校平部件3的高度相同，校平部件3的顶面形成的平面为抵靠面31，通过多个抵靠面31位于同一水平面上，实现校平更加稳定，且校平效果更好。
多个校平部件3的抵靠面31所在的平面与电池托盘2所在的平面平行。从而可以确保车辆底盘/电池固定部件所在的平面与电池托盘平行，使得电池托盘2上的拆装机构4能够精准地与固定部件配合，避免解锁或锁止过程中发生对位偏差或卡死等情况，提高换电精度及效率。
具体地，校平部件3的数量为四个，四个校平部件3分别位于穿梭车1的四个边角处。通过将四个校平部件3设置在穿梭车1的四个边角处，结构简单，且稳定高；同时，四个校平部件3之间形成的空间将用于设置电池托盘2、拆装机构4等结构，且校平部件3设置在边角可以避让穿梭车1上用于容纳电池包的位置，有效避免发生干涉现象。
穿梭车1还包括升降机构11，电池托盘2设置在升降机构11上，升降机构11带动电池托盘2沿电池包拆装方向上升或下降。在校平部件3的顶部与车辆的底盘相配合之后，通过升降机构11将举升电池托盘2上升至工作位置，使得拆装机构4能够与电池包的固定部件相对准配合，从而实现对电池包的解锁或者锁止。在解锁或者锁止完成之后，通过升降机构11将电池托盘2向下移动，使得拆装机构4朝远离车辆的方向移动，便于穿梭车1驶离出车辆的下方。
在本实施例中，换电设备具有初始状态和换电状态。当处于初始状态时，校平部件3高于拆装机构4。在换电过程开始时，先利用位置较高的校平部件3实现车辆的校平，在此之后拆装机构4再进行换电操作。而在本发明的其他实施例中，可以采用升降机构11等方式，使校平部件3与拆装机构4之间的位置关系可以随时调节，以方便进行换电操作。
升降机构11包括第一驱动部111和传动部112，第一驱动部111设置在穿梭车1上，传动部112 分别与第一驱动部111和电池托盘2连接。第一驱动部111将用于提供驱动力，通过传动部112将作用力在电池托盘2上，从而实现电池托盘2沿电池包拆装方向上升或下降。采用第一驱动部111和传动部112来实现电池托盘2的升降，在保证其升降稳定性的同时，尽可能简化结构以确保不影响换电设备的换电操作。
在本实施例中，第一驱动部111为电机，传动部112为凸轮，电机驱动凸轮转动，凸轮的凸出部顶起电池托盘2时，电池托盘2位于工作高度。结构简单，安装设置非常方便，且成本低。当然，在其他可选的实施例中，第一驱动部111也可以采用例如液压装置等其他驱动机构来提供驱动力，传动部112也可以采用例如传动杆等其他传动组件来实现作用力的传递。
电池托盘2沿电池包拆装方向通过托盘安装机构5连接于穿梭车1，电池托盘2相对于穿梭车1可沿平行和/或垂直于电池拆装方向弹性移动。通过托盘安装机构5使得穿梭车1与电池托盘2之间能够沿平行和/或垂直于电池拆装方向弹性移动，实现电池托盘2浮动连接在穿梭车1上，从而电池托盘2能够带动拆装机构4在一定浮动空间内微调在电池包拆装方向上的位置，提高托盘安装机构5、电池托盘2和拆装机构4自适应性，便于拆装机构4对准电池包的固定部件，换电稳定性高，且工作速度快、效率高。另外，在电池包拆装方向上的浮动能够避免电池托盘2上升过度导致电池托盘2上的凸出部件与车辆产生刚性碰撞，减少部件损坏，延长换电设备的使用寿命。
托盘安装机构5包括固定部51、安装部52和托盘弹性组件53，安装部52连接于电池托盘2，固定部51连接于穿梭车1，托盘弹性组件53设置在安装部52与固定部51之间，托盘弹性组件53沿平行和/或垂直于电池拆装方向发生弹性形变，以使安装部52相对于固定部51沿平行和/或垂直于电池拆装方向弹性移动。将托盘弹性组件53设置在安装部52与固定部51之间，依靠托盘弹性组件53自身的弹性形变使得安装部52相对于固定部51沿平行和/或垂直于电池拆装方向弹性移动，从而实现安装部52能够带动电池托盘2在一定浮动空间内微调在电池包拆装方向上的位置。托盘安装机构5整体结构简单，使用非常方便。
在本实施例中，固定部51包括壳体511和固定底座512，固定底座512沿电池包拆装方向设于安装部52的下方，壳体511环设于安装部52的外部，壳体511设于固定底座512的上方并连接于固定底座512；托盘弹性组件53包括第一弹性组件531和/或第二弹性组件532，第一弹性组件531设置于安装部52的与固定底座512之间，第一弹性组件531可沿平行于电池拆装方向发生弹性形变；第二弹性组件532设置于安装部52的与壳体511之间，第二弹性组件532可沿垂直于电池拆装方向发生弹性形变。
第一弹性组件531设置在安装部52和固定底座512之间，第一弹性组件531相对于固定底座512伸缩以带动安装部52沿平行于电池包拆装方向浮动。第二弹性组件532设置在安装部52与壳体511之间，第二弹性组件532相对于壳体511伸缩以带动安装部52沿垂直于电池包拆装方向浮动。
在本实施例中，第一弹性组件531以及第二弹性组件532均可以采用弹簧，结构简单可靠，成本较低，在其他可选的实施方式中，第一弹性组件531以及第二弹性组件532也可以采用橡胶件等其他弹性部件。
壳体511和安装部52采用相互套设的形式，一方面安装部52能够将沿垂直于电池包拆装方向浮动传递给壳体511，从而仅需将安装部52连接于电池托盘2，即可同时实现平行于电池包拆装方向和垂直于电池包拆装方向上的浮动，减少安装部52上连接的部件，简化了整体结构；另一方面，壳体511设于安装部52的外侧，能够避免安装部52在浮动过程中产生歪斜，保持浮动过程中电池托盘2的稳定性。
在本实施例中，固定部51套设在安装部52的外部，壳体511和安装部52之间可设置第二弹性组件532的空间较多，沿整个周向均可布置第二弹性组件532，有利于增加在垂直于电池包拆装方向的平面上可浮动的方向，进一步提高托盘安装机构5和电池托盘2的自适应性。
托盘安装机构5的数量为多个，多个托盘安装机构5均匀分布在电池托盘2的底部。通过多个托盘安装机构5保证了电池托盘2的浮动更加平稳，避免电池托盘2在浮动过程中歪斜影响安装对准过程，从而实现换电稳定性高，工作速度快、效率高。具体地，托盘安装机构5的数量至少为四个，至少四个托盘安装机构5在电池托盘2的底部均布。
在一个实施例中，拆装机构4朝向固定部件的一端相对于电池托盘2可沿平行于电池拆装方向弹性移动。拆装机构4的端部将相对于电池托盘2能够在垂直方向上位移，即使拆装机构4与固定部件在垂直方向上相对定位出现误差，也能够实现拆装机构4在垂直方向上一定浮动空间内微调并可以与固定部件相连接，进而实现对固定部件的解锁或者锁止，降低定位精度的要求，提高对准的效率。同时，通过拆装机构4的移动使得在电池包拆装方向上的浮动能够避免拆装机构4上升过度导致拆装机构4与车辆产生刚性碰撞，减少部件损坏，延长换电设备的使用寿命。
拆装机构4包括安装座41、连接部42和拆装部43，安装座41的下端安装于电池托盘2，拆装部43用于解锁或锁止电池包的固定部件，拆装部43通过连接部42连接于安装座41；其中，连接部42与安装座41之间设置有第三弹性组件44，第三弹性组件44沿平行于电池拆装方向发生弹性形变，以使拆装部43相对于电池托盘2沿平行于电池拆装方向弹性移动。拆装部43通过连接部42连接于安装座41，连接部42和安装座41的轴线重合，且连接部42在安装座41上能够沿平行于电池拆装方向移动，过第三弹性组件44分别作用力在连接部42和安装座41上并用于驱动连接部42沿远离安装座41的方向移动，使得拆装部43相对于电池托盘2沿平行于电池拆装方向弹性移动，且在拆装部43使用完成之后通过第三弹性组件44能够复位，稳定性高。其中，连接部42的部分结构设置在安装座41内，通过安装座41以实现连接部42和拆装部43的安装，对连接部42和拆装部43提供可靠的保护结构，增加了结构稳定性，且整体结构简单、紧凑。
拆装机构4朝向固定部件的一端相对于电池托盘2可沿倾斜于电池拆装方向摆动。拆装部43的下端与连接部42的上端活动连接，拆装部43的上端能够从连接部42的轴线处向连接部42的轴线外侧方向摆动，以使拆装部43相对于电池托盘2沿倾斜于电池拆装方向摆动。即使拆装机构4与固定部件在水平方向上相对定位出现误差，也能够通过拆装机构4的摆动一定浮动空间内微调并可以与固定部件相连接，进而实现对固定部件的解锁或者锁止，降低定位精度的要求，提高对准固定部件的效率。
在本实施例中，拆装部43通过枢转轴与连接部42相连接。利用枢转轴实现拆装部43与连接部42之间的摆动，结构简单、可靠。当然拆装部43与连接部42之间也可以采用其他的活动连接方式，在此不做限定。
拆装机构4还包括复位部件45，复位部件45套设于拆装部43和连接部42的外周面，复位部件45用于使拆装部43的轴线与连接部42的轴线相重合。复位部件45套设在拆装部43的外周面上并驱使拆装部43复位，使得拆装部43的轴线能够与固定部件的轴线重合，进而实现固定部件的解锁或者锁止，稳定性更高。
在本实施例中，复位组件45为弹簧，具体可以为波形弹簧。在其他实施例中，复位组件45也可以为橡胶套等其他弹性材质，结构简单，使用可靠。
拆装机构4还包括第二驱动部46，第二驱动部46与连接部42传动连接，第二驱动部46通过连接部42对拆装部43施加扭矩。第二驱动部46用于提供旋转驱动力，通过连接部42的传动对拆装部43施加扭矩，从而对固定部件的扭转即可实现解锁或者锁止，使用非常方便，且便于控制，精度高，稳定性高。
在本实施例中，拆装机构4为扭矩枪，拆装部43为套筒装置，第二驱动部46为电机组件；电机组件通过连接部42驱动套筒装置旋转。通过控制扭矩枪的套筒装置旋转来解锁或锁止固定部件，扭矩枪通过电机组件驱动，结构简单稳定，且能够实现对转矩以及旋转圈数的精确控制。
拆装机构4还可以包括谐波减速机组件，电机组件的动力输出端与谐波减速机组件的动力输入端传动连接，谐波减速机组件的动力输出端用于输出动力，以带动连接部42转动。通过利用电机组件及谐波减速机组件，能够有效地降低拆装机构4的长度，从而便于将拆装机构4设置在换电站的换电设备中。电机组件的输出是高转速低扭矩，通过谐波减速器可以将电机组件的动力转换为低转速高扭矩，以更好适应扭矩枪的套筒装置的工作需求。
拆装机构4的数量为多个，多个拆装机构4呈阵列分布于电池托盘2上，多个拆装机构4的位置与电池包上的多个固定部件分别一一对应。通过在电池托盘2上设置与电池包上的多个固定部件相对应的拆装机构4，使得所有拆装机构4能够同时对所有固定部件进行解锁或锁止，以实现电池包与车辆之间的拆卸或安装，大幅提高了解锁或锁止的效率和稳定性。
电池托盘2上还设有定位部件21，定位部件21与车辆的底盘上设置的定位孔相配合，定位部件21延伸出电池托盘2顶面的高度大于拆装机构4延伸出电池托盘2顶面的高度。校平部件3在校平之后，升降机构11将用于驱动电池托盘2沿电池包拆装方向上升，由于定位部件21的高度大于拆装部43的高度，使得定位部件21将在拆装部43与固定部件接触之前，插入至定位孔内以实现定位。通过设置定位部件21和拆装部43的相对位置与定位孔和固定部件的相对位置相对应，使得定位部件21插入定位孔时拆装部43与电池包的固定部件相对准，以便于拆装部43对固定部件的解锁和锁止。利用相互配合的定位部件21和定位孔，实现车辆与电池托盘2之间的精确定位，使解锁和锁止过程对两者之间的位置精度要求降低，大大提高解锁的成功率，且换电稳定性高，工作速度快、效率高。
定位部件21的顶端具有自上而下直径逐渐增大的导向面。定位部件21的顶端具体可以为锥形或 圆台形，形成的导向面具有导向作用，通过定位部件21顶端的导向面使得定位部件21更容易插入定位孔，即便在水平方向上具有微小误差也能够将电池托盘2摆正，以实现拆装部43与电池包的固定部件的精确对准。
定位部件21的数量为多个，多个定位部件21分别位于电池托盘2的中心的两侧。通过在电池托盘2的中心的两侧设置多个定位部件21，保证电池托盘2能够在其所在的平面内不发生水平移动，从而进一步提高解锁的稳定性。在本实施例中，定位部件21的数量为两个，两个定位部件21分别位于电池托盘2的中心的两侧。
电池托盘2上设有用于支撑承载电池包的支撑部件22，支撑部件22伸出电池托盘2上表面的高度低于拆装机构4伸出电池托盘2上表面的高度。通过在电池托盘2上设置支撑部件22，支撑部件22用于支撑承载电池包，使电池包在解锁后或者锁止前落在支撑部件22上，而不是直接落在拆装机构4上，有效避免了电池包对拆装机构4的冲击而造成的损坏现象，大大提高了换电设备的安全稳定性。
在本实施例中，支撑部件22的数量为多个，多个支撑部件22设置于电池托盘2的四周外缘和/或中间区域。通过多个支撑部件22对电池包的四周外缘和/或中间区域实现了有效的支撑，能够有效防止电池包在电池托盘2上发生翻转，提高电池托盘2承载车用电池包时的稳定性。支撑部件22优选为尼龙材质，既能够保证支撑强度，又能够避免支撑部件22对电池包造成碰撞损伤.
换电站还包括控制系统，控制系统通过有线或无线的方式与换电设备通信连接，控制系统用于控制拆装机构4工作。通过控制系统电连接于换电设备并用于控制换电设备，控制系统具体可以控制穿梭车1的移动，以进出电动车辆的下方，还可以升降机构11上升或下降，以及控制拆装机构4的解锁或者锁止操作，从而实现了对电池包的拆卸或者安装，拆卸、安装非常方便，效率高，且安全性高。
拆装机构4为扭矩枪，控制系统用于控制扭矩枪的旋转开关、输出功率以及接收扭矩枪的旋转圈数与转矩信息等。控制系统通过控制扭矩枪的旋转开关、输出功率以及接收扭矩枪的旋转圈数与转矩信息，从而可以检测扭矩枪在解锁或者锁止的整个过程中各步骤是否成功，从而实现精确控制，安全稳定性高。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，这仅是举例说明，本发明的保护范围是由所附权利要求书限定的。本领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下，可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改，但这些变更和修改均落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种换电设备，其特征在于，其包括穿梭车、电池托盘、校平部件以及拆装机构，所述电池托盘设置于所述穿梭车的上方，所述校平部件的底部连接于所述穿梭车上，所述校平部件的顶部用于与车辆的底盘相配合，所述拆装机构连接于所述电池托盘上并用于解锁或者锁止于电池包的固定部件。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的换电设备，其特征在于，所述穿梭车包括升降机构，所述电池托盘设置在所述升降机构上，所述升降机构带动所述电池托盘沿电池包拆装方向上升或下降。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的换电设备，其特征在于，所述升降机构包括第一驱动部和传动部，所述第一驱动部设置在所述穿梭车上，所述传动部分别与所述第一驱动部和所述电池托盘连接；
    优选地，所述第一驱动部为电机，所述传动部为凸轮；
    所述电机驱动所述凸轮转动，所述凸轮的凸出部顶起所述电池托盘时，所述电池托盘位于工作高度。
  4. 如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的换电设备，其特征在于，所述电池托盘沿电池包拆装方向通过托盘安装机构连接于所述穿梭车，所述电池托盘相对于所述穿梭车可沿平行和/或垂直于电池拆装方向弹性移动。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的换电设备，其特征在于，所述托盘安装机构包括：
    安装部，所述安装部连接于所述电池托盘；
    固定部，所述固定部连接于所述穿梭车；及
    托盘弹性组件，所述托盘弹性组件设置在所述安装部与所述固定部之间，所述托盘弹性组件沿平行和/或垂直于电池拆装方向发生弹性形变，以使所述安装部相对于所述固定部沿平行和/或垂直于电池拆装方向弹性移动。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的换电设备，其特征在于，所述固定部包括壳体和固定底座，所述固定底座沿电池包拆装方向设于所述安装部的下方，所述壳体环设于所述安装部的外部，所述壳体设于所述固定底座的上方并连接于所述固定底座；
    所述托盘弹性组件包括第一弹性组件和/或第二弹性组件，所述第一弹性组件设置于所述安装部的与所述固定底座之间，所述第一弹性组件可沿平行于电池拆装方向发生弹性形变；所述第二弹性组件设置于所述安装部的与所述壳体之间，所述第二弹性组件可沿垂直于电池拆装方向发生弹性形变；和/或，
    所述托盘安装机构的数量为多个，多个所述托盘安装机构均匀分布在所述电池托盘的底部。
  7. 如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的换电设备，其特征在于，所述拆装机构朝向所述固定部件的一端相对于所述电池托盘可沿平行于电池拆装方向弹性移动和/或沿倾斜于电池拆装方向摆动。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的换电设备，其特征在于，所述拆装机构包括安装座、连接部和拆装部，所述安装座的下端安装于所述电池托盘，所述拆装部用于解锁或锁止电池包的固定部件，所述拆装部通过所述连接部连接于所述安装座；
    其中，所述拆装部的下端与所述连接部的上端活动连接，所述拆装部的上端能够从所述连接部的 轴线处向所述连接部的轴线外侧方向摆动，以使所述拆装部相对于所述电池托盘沿倾斜于电池拆装方向摆动；和/或
    所述连接部与所述安装座之间设置有第三弹性组件，所述第三弹性组件沿平行于电池拆装方向发生弹性形变，以使所述拆装部相对于所述电池托盘沿平行于电池拆装方向弹性移动。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的换电设备，其特征在于，所述拆装部通过枢转轴与所述连接部相连接；和/或；
    所述拆装机构还包括复位部件，所述复位部件套设于所述拆装部和所述连接部的外周面，所述复位部件用于使所述拆装部的轴线与所述连接部的轴线相重合。
  10. 如权利要求8或9所述的换电设备，其特征在于，所述拆装机构还包括第二驱动部，所述第二驱动部与所述连接部传动连接，所述第二驱动部通过所述连接部对所述拆装部施加扭矩。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的换电设备，其特征在于，所述拆装机构为扭矩枪，所述拆装部为套筒装置，所述第二驱动部为电机组件；所述电机组件通过所述连接部驱动所述套筒装置旋转。
  12. 如权利要求1-11中任一项所述的换电设备，其特征在于，所述拆装机构的数量为多个，多个所述拆装机构呈阵列分布于所述电池托盘上，多个所述拆装机构的位置与电池包上的多个固定部件分别一一对应。
  13. 如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的换电设备，其特征在于，所述校平部件的数量为多个，多个所述校平部件分别位于所述穿梭车的四周边缘。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的换电设备，其特征在于，所述校平部件的数量为四个，四个所述校平部件分别位于所述穿梭车的四个边角处；
    优选地，所述校平部件的顶端具有抵靠面，多个所述抵靠面位于同一平面上。
  15. 如权利要求1-14中任一项所述的换电设备，其特征在于，所述电池托盘上还设有定位部件，所述定位部件与所述车辆的底盘上设置的定位孔相配合，所述定位部件延伸出所述电池托盘顶面的高度大于所述拆装机构延伸出所述电池托盘顶面的高度。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的换电设备，其特征在于，所述定位部件的顶端具有自上而下直径逐渐增大的导向面；和/或，
    所述定位部件的数量为多个，多个所述定位部件分别位于所述电池托盘的中心的两侧。
  17. 如权利要求1-16中任一项所述的换电设备，其特征在于，所述电池托盘上设有用于支撑承载电池包的支撑部件，所述支撑部件伸出所述电池托盘上表面的高度低于所述拆装机构伸出所述电池托盘上表面的高度。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的换电设备，其特征在于，所述支撑部件的数量为多个，多个所述支撑部件设置于所述电池托盘的四周外缘和/或中间区域。
  19. 一种换电站，其特征在于，其包括如权利要求1-18中任意一项所述的换电设备。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述换电站还包括控制系统，所述控制系统电连接于所述换电设备，所述控制系统用于控制所述拆装机构工作；
    优选地，所述拆装机构为扭矩枪，所述控制系统用于控制所述扭矩枪的旋转开关、输出功率以及接收所述扭矩枪的旋转圈数与转矩信息。
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