WO2025177705A1 - スポンジ状還元鉄、スポンジ状還元鉄の製造方法、及び溶鋼の製造方法 - Google Patents
スポンジ状還元鉄、スポンジ状還元鉄の製造方法、及び溶鋼の製造方法Info
- Publication number
- WO2025177705A1 WO2025177705A1 PCT/JP2024/046408 JP2024046408W WO2025177705A1 WO 2025177705 A1 WO2025177705 A1 WO 2025177705A1 JP 2024046408 W JP2024046408 W JP 2024046408W WO 2025177705 A1 WO2025177705 A1 WO 2025177705A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sponge
- reduced iron
- nitrogen content
- denitrification
- ppm
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to sponge-like reduced iron, a method for producing sponge-like reduced iron, and a method for producing molten steel.
- the following process is known to be used to produce steel with such low nitrogen content.
- a carbon source such as carbonaceous material is added to the molten pig iron in the converter, and then an oxygen-containing gas is blown into the converter to promote the decarburization reaction, causing N to adsorb onto the surface of the CO bubbles.
- the nitrogen content of the molten steel tapped from the converter is approximately 30 ppm. This process is possible because the molten pig iron contains a high carbon content. Because blast furnaces use coke to produce molten pig iron, the carbon content of the molten pig iron is high.
- the nitrogen content of sponge-like reduced iron produced in a shaft furnace is 20 ppm or more.
- the sponge-like reduced iron is transported to an electric furnace to become molten steel, where impurities are removed, but nitrogen is not sufficiently removed. Even if a carbon source is added to the molten steel in the electric furnace, as in the blast furnace/converter process, the denitrification reaction does not occur sufficiently. Because shaft furnaces do not use large amounts of carbon sources such as coke, the carbon content of the sponge-like reduced iron transported to the electric furnace is low, and the CO bubbles necessary for denitrification are not sufficiently generated.
- the nitrogen content of molten steel tapped from an electric furnace is approximately 50 to 100 ppm.
- the present invention was made in consideration of the above problems, and its object is to provide sponge-like reduced iron having a nitrogen content of less than 20 ppm, a method for producing sponge-like reduced iron, and a method for producing molten steel.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows. (1)
- the sponge reduced iron according to one aspect of the present invention has a nitrogen content of less than 20 ppm.
- sponge-like reduced iron having a nitrogen content of 20 ppm or more is denitrified based on the relationship between the nitrogen content of the sponge-like reduced iron and the retention time.
- the denitrified sponge-like reduced iron may be cooled in a nitrogen-free atmosphere.
- the sponge-like reduced iron produced by the method for producing sponge-like reduced iron described in (2) above is transported to an electric furnace in a nitrogen-free atmosphere to produce molten steel.
- the sponge reduced iron having a temperature of 650° C. or higher and a nitrogen content of less than 20 ppm may be transported to the electric furnace.
- the present invention provides sponge-like reduced iron having a nitrogen content of less than 20 ppm, a method for producing sponge-like reduced iron, and a method for producing molten steel.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an apparatus for producing sponge reduced iron.
- 10 is a graph showing simulation results of the retention time and nitrogen content of sponge-like reduced iron for each initial nitrogen content when the denitrification atmosphere is 100% by volume of H 2 , 1.013 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, and 700° C.
- 10 is a graph showing simulation results of the retention time and nitrogen content of sponge reduced iron for each initial nitrogen content when the denitrification atmosphere is set to 90% by volume of H 2 and 10% by volume of N 2 , 1.013 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, and 700° C.
- 10 is a graph showing simulation results of retention time and nitrogen content of sponge reduced iron for each initial nitrogen content when the denitrification atmosphere is set to 80% by volume of H 2 and 20% by volume of N 2 , 1.013 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, and 700° C.
- 10 is a graph showing simulation results of retention time and nitrogen content of sponge reduced iron for each initial nitrogen content when the denitrification atmosphere is set to 70% by volume of H 2 and 30% by volume of N 2 , 1.013 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, and 700° C.
- 10 is a graph showing simulation results of the retention time and nitrogen content of sponge reduced iron for each initial nitrogen content when the denitrification atmosphere is set to 50% by volume of H 2 and 50% by volume of N 2 , 1.013 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, and 700° C.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing simulation results of the retention time and nitrogen content of sponge-like reduced iron for each initial nitrogen content when the denitrification atmosphere was set to 36% by volume of H 2 and 64% by volume of N 2 , 1.013 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, and 700° C.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an apparatus for producing molten steel.
- Sponge-like reduced iron manufacturing apparatus> 1 is a schematic diagram showing an apparatus for producing sponge-like reduced iron 1.
- the apparatus for producing sponge-like reduced iron 1 according to this embodiment includes a shaft furnace 1a, a reducing gas heating device 2, a dust removal device 3, a dehydration device 4, and a denitrification device 5.
- the shaft furnace 1a is a device that reduces iron oxide raw material to produce sponge-like reduced iron.
- the shaft furnace 1a operates as follows: First, iron oxide raw material (e.g., iron oxide pellets) is loaded from the top of the shaft furnace 1a, and reducing gas is blown into the shaft furnace 1a from the bottom. The reducing gas is heated to a predetermined temperature (e.g., approximately 900-950°C) by the reducing gas heating device 2 before being blown into the shaft furnace 1a. The reducing gas blown into the shaft furnace 1a then reduces the iron oxide raw material inside the shaft furnace 1a. This direct reduction process produces sponge-like reduced iron (DRI). The sponge-like reduced iron is discharged from the bottom of the shaft furnace 1a.
- iron oxide raw material e.g., iron oxide pellets
- the sponge-like reduced iron immediately after being discharged from shaft furnace 1a has a nitrogen content of 20 ppm or more.
- the nitrogen content of sponge-like reduced iron is measured in accordance with JIS G1228:1997 inert gas dissolution - thermal conductivity method (ISO/DIS 10720).
- sponge-like reduced iron is porous reduced iron, and it is preferable that the porosity be 40% or more.
- the porosity is measured using the method specified in JIS M8716:1990.
- Top gas (exhaust gas) is discharged from the top of the shaft furnace 1a.
- the top gas may be, for example, hydrogen gas and steam gas, or carbon monoxide gas and carbon dioxide gas, or a mixture of these.
- the top gas may be discharged outside the system, or may be circulated as in this embodiment.
- the furnace for producing sponge-like reduced iron is not limited to a shaft furnace, and may also be, for example, a kiln furnace.
- the reducing gas heating device 2 heats the reducing gas using heat generated by burning the fuel gas.
- the heated reducing gas is blown into the shaft furnace 1a.
- the burned fuel gas is discharged outside the system as exhaust gas.
- the denitrification device 5 performs denitrification until the nitrogen content of the sponge-like reduced iron becomes less than 20 ppm.
- the nitrogen content of the sponge-like reduced iron can be adjusted to any value by adjusting the operating conditions of the denitrification device 5.
- the denitrification treatment is performed, for example, at 600°C or higher.
- the gas generated from the denitrification device 5, i.e., the denitrification treatment exhaust gas contains hydrogen gas and ammonia gas, and therefore may be mixed with a reducing gas introduced from outside.
- the denitrification conditions will now be explained in detail.
- the inventors conducted simulation calculations on the denitrification behavior of sponge-like reduced iron using hydrogen.
- the denitrification reaction shown in the above chemical reaction formula was assumed to be surface-limited by the sponge-like reduced iron, and the reaction rate values presented by Grabke (Ber. Bunsenges. Physik. Chem., (1968), 533, 541) were used.
- the denitrification atmosphere refers to the atmosphere during the denitrification treatment of sponge-like reduced iron.
- a denitrification atmosphere of 100% H2 by volume, 1.013 x 105 Pa, and 700°C it was found that the nitrogen content of sponge-like reduced iron with an initial nitrogen content of 30 ppm was reduced to 20 ppm in 3.6 minutes.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of simulation calculations of the retention time and nitrogen content of sponge-like reduced iron for each initial nitrogen content when the denitrification atmosphere was set to 70% by volume of H 2 and 30% by volume of N 2 , 1.013 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, and 700° C.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of simulation calculations of the retention time and nitrogen content of sponge-like reduced iron for each initial nitrogen content when the denitrification atmosphere was set to 50% by volume of H 2 and 50% by volume of N 2 , 1.013 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, and 700° C.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of simulation calculations of the retention time and nitrogen content of sponge-like reduced iron for each initial nitrogen content when the denitrification atmosphere was set to 50% by volume of H 2 and 50% by volume of N 2 , 1.013 ⁇ 10 5 Pa, and 700° C.
- the sponge-like reduced iron immediately after being discharged from the shaft furnace 1a has a nitrogen content of 20 ppm or more.
- the sponge-like reduced iron may be discharged in a heated state (HDRI) or in a cooled state (CDRI).
- the dehydration device 4 dehydrates the circulating gas.
- the circulating gas is then mixed with reducing gas introduced from the outside and introduced into the reducing gas heating device 2.
- carbon dioxide gas may also be removed from the circulating gas.
- the reducing gas heating device 2 heats the reducing gas with heat generated by burning fuel gas. The heated reducing gas is blown into the shaft furnace 1a.
- the sponge-like reduced iron should be held at the denitrification temperature of 700°C for 8 minutes or more.
- the inside of the vessel may be filled with a hydrogen gas atmosphere.
- denitrification takes place within the vessel, so the denitrification device 5 may be omitted.
- CDRI with a nitrogen content of 30 ppm was placed in a denitrification device and held at 700°C in a hydrogen gas atmosphere for 5 minutes.
- the nitrogen content was measured using the method described above.
- the nitrogen content of the CDRI was then measured, it had been reduced to 19 ppm. This demonstrates that the denitrification device 5 described above can denitrify sponge-like reduced iron to less than 20 ppm.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(1) 本発明の一態様に係るスポンジ状還元鉄は、窒素含有量が20ppm未満である。
(2) 本発明の別の態様に係るスポンジ状還元鉄の製造方法は、スポンジ状還元鉄の窒素含有量と保持時間との関係に基づいて、窒素含有量が20ppm以上のスポンジ状還元鉄を脱窒処理する。
(3) 上記(2)に記載のスポンジ状還元鉄の製造方法は、前記脱窒処理された前記スポンジ状還元鉄を無窒素雰囲気下で冷却してもよい。
(4) 本発明の更に別の態様に係る溶鋼の製造方法は、上記(2)に記載のスポンジ状還元鉄の製造方法で製造されたスポンジ状還元鉄を無窒素雰囲気下で電気炉に輸送し、溶鋼を製造する。
(5) 上記(4)に記載の溶鋼の製造方法において、温度が650℃以上であり、窒素含有量が20ppm未満である前記スポンジ状還元鉄を前記電気炉に輸送してもよい。
図1はスポンジ状還元鉄の製造装置1を示す模式図である。本実施形態に係るスポンジ状還元鉄の製造装置1は、シャフト炉1aと、還元ガス加熱装置2と、除塵装置3と、脱水装置4と、脱窒装置5とを備える。
N(スポンジ状還元鉄内)+(3/2)H2→NH3
なお、脱窒に必要な条件(例えば水素ガスの温度等)は例えば盛らの研究(鉄と鋼, 58(1972), 1264)に従えばよい。脱窒装置5は、スポンジ状還元鉄の窒素含有量が20ppm未満となるまで脱窒を行う。スポンジ状還元鉄の窒素含有量は、脱窒装置5の操業条件を調整することで、任意の値にすることができる。脱窒処理は、例えば、600℃以上で行う。脱窒装置5から発生するガス、すなわち脱窒処理排ガスは、水素ガス及びアンモニアガスを含むので、外部から導入される還元ガスに混合してもよい。脱窒装置5を設けることで、あらゆる形態のスポンジ状還元鉄を脱窒することができる。
H2100体積%、1.013×105Pa、700℃の脱窒雰囲気では、初期窒素含有量が30ppmのスポンジ状還元鉄では、3.6分で20ppmまで窒素含有量が低減することが分かった。初期窒素含有量が50ppmのスポンジ状還元鉄では、8分で20ppmまで窒素含有量が低減し、初期窒素含有量が100ppmのスポンジ状還元鉄では、13.8分で20ppmまで窒素含有量が低減することが分かった。
図4は、脱窒雰囲気を、H280体積%、N220体積%、1.013×105Pa、700℃としたときの、スポンジ状還元鉄の初期窒素含有量ごとの保持時間と窒素含有量のシミュレーション計算結果を示すグラフである。
図5は、脱窒雰囲気を、H270体積%、N230体積%、1.013×105Pa、700℃としたときの、スポンジ状還元鉄の初期窒素含有量ごとの保持時間と窒素含有量のシミュレーション計算結果を示すグラフである。
図6は、脱窒雰囲気を、H250体積%、N250体積%、1.013×105Pa、700℃としたときの、スポンジ状還元鉄の初期窒素含有量ごとの保持時間と窒素含有量のシミュレーション計算結果を示すグラフである。
図7は、脱窒雰囲気を、H236体積%、N264体積%、1.013×105Pa、700℃としたときの、スポンジ状還元鉄の初期窒素含有量ごとの保持時間と窒素含有量のシミュレーション計算結果を示すグラフである。
つぎに、スポンジ状還元鉄の製造方法、スポンジ状還元鉄の脱窒方法、溶鋼の製造方法及びスポンジ状還元鉄の冷却方法を説明する。
1a シャフト炉
2 還元ガス加熱装置
3 除塵装置
4 脱水装置
5 脱窒装置
6 輸送手段
7 電気炉
10 溶鋼の製造装置
Claims (5)
- 窒素含有量が20ppm未満のスポンジ状還元鉄。
- スポンジ状還元鉄の窒素含有量と保持時間との関係に基づいて、窒素含有量が20ppm以上のスポンジ状還元鉄を脱窒処理する、スポンジ状還元鉄の製造方法。
- 前記脱窒処理された前記スポンジ状還元鉄を無窒素雰囲気下で冷却する、請求項2に記載のスポンジ状還元鉄の製造方法。
- 請求項2に記載のスポンジ状還元鉄の製造方法で製造されたスポンジ状還元鉄を無窒素雰囲気下で電気炉に輸送し、溶鋼を製造することを特徴とする、溶鋼の製造方法。
- 温度が650℃以上であり、窒素含有量が20ppm未満である前記スポンジ状還元鉄を前記電気炉に輸送する、請求項4に記載の溶鋼の製造方法。
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2024429362A AU2024429362A1 (en) | 2024-02-20 | 2024-12-27 | Sponge reduced iron, method for producing sponge reduced iron, and method for producing molten steel |
| JP2025531739A JP7759019B1 (ja) | 2024-02-20 | 2024-12-27 | 電気炉の操業方法、スポンジ状還元鉄の製造方法、及び溶鋼の製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2024023433 | 2024-02-20 | ||
| JP2024-023433 | 2024-02-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2025177705A1 true WO2025177705A1 (ja) | 2025-08-28 |
Family
ID=96846947
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2024/046408 Pending WO2025177705A1 (ja) | 2024-02-20 | 2024-12-27 | スポンジ状還元鉄、スポンジ状還元鉄の製造方法、及び溶鋼の製造方法 |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP7759019B1 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2024429362A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2025177705A1 (ja) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62107001A (ja) * | 1985-11-05 | 1987-05-18 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 還元鉄粉の仕上熱処理方法 |
| JPS63167162U (ja) | 1987-04-17 | 1988-10-31 | ||
| JPH1046226A (ja) * | 1996-07-29 | 1998-02-17 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | アーク式電気炉による低窒素溶鋼の製造方法 |
| JP2000204419A (ja) | 1999-01-11 | 2000-07-25 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 還元鉄ブリケットの製造方法 |
| JP2023093078A (ja) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-07-04 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 電気炉における原料溶解方法 |
| JP2023537112A (ja) * | 2020-08-12 | 2023-08-30 | ティッセンクルップ スチール ヨーロッパ アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 素材鋼の製造プロセスおよびその製造のための集合体 |
| JP2024023433A (ja) | 2018-11-05 | 2024-02-21 | フィッシャー アンド ペイケル ヘルスケア リミテッド | 呼吸療法用マスク又はインタフェースのヘッドギア用の方向調整機構 |
-
2024
- 2024-12-27 WO PCT/JP2024/046408 patent/WO2025177705A1/ja active Pending
- 2024-12-27 JP JP2025531739A patent/JP7759019B1/ja active Active
- 2024-12-27 AU AU2024429362A patent/AU2024429362A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62107001A (ja) * | 1985-11-05 | 1987-05-18 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 還元鉄粉の仕上熱処理方法 |
| JPS63167162U (ja) | 1987-04-17 | 1988-10-31 | ||
| JPH1046226A (ja) * | 1996-07-29 | 1998-02-17 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | アーク式電気炉による低窒素溶鋼の製造方法 |
| JP2000204419A (ja) | 1999-01-11 | 2000-07-25 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 還元鉄ブリケットの製造方法 |
| JP2024023433A (ja) | 2018-11-05 | 2024-02-21 | フィッシャー アンド ペイケル ヘルスケア リミテッド | 呼吸療法用マスク又はインタフェースのヘッドギア用の方向調整機構 |
| JP2023537112A (ja) * | 2020-08-12 | 2023-08-30 | ティッセンクルップ スチール ヨーロッパ アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 素材鋼の製造プロセスおよびその製造のための集合体 |
| JP2023093078A (ja) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-07-04 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 電気炉における原料溶解方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| MORI ET AL., TETSU-TO-HAGANE, vol. 58, 1972, pages 1264 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2024429362A1 (en) | 2026-08-06 |
| JP7759019B1 (ja) | 2025-10-23 |
| JPWO2025177705A1 (ja) | 2025-08-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| TWI550092B (zh) | 轉爐煉鋼法 | |
| JPS5815523B2 (ja) | ハガネノセイホウ | |
| JP7657784B2 (ja) | 直接還元浸炭金属を生産する方法および装置 | |
| CN112004947B (zh) | 钢液的制造方法 | |
| US9005570B2 (en) | Method for treating a carbon dioxide-containing waste gas from an electrofusion process | |
| CA2472427C (en) | Method for making molten iron | |
| CN114026041B (zh) | 从含磷物质中除去磷的方法、金属冶炼用原料或金属精炼用原料的制造方法及金属的制造方法 | |
| JP7190066B2 (ja) | 冶金炉を運転する方法 | |
| CN118696134A (zh) | 铁液的制造方法 | |
| JP7759019B1 (ja) | 電気炉の操業方法、スポンジ状還元鉄の製造方法、及び溶鋼の製造方法 | |
| JP7783551B1 (ja) | 電気炉の操業方法、及び溶鋼製造用還元鉄ブリケットの製造方法 | |
| JP7640157B1 (ja) | セメンタイトの製造方法 | |
| JP7551261B2 (ja) | 電気炉における原料溶解方法 | |
| TW424004B (en) | Process for thermal treatment of residual materials containing heavy metals | |
| CN119256097A (zh) | 用于生产直接还原金属的方法和装置 | |
| JP7755217B1 (ja) | 還元鉄ブリケットの製造方法 | |
| RU2828712C1 (ru) | Способ и устройство для получения прямовосстановленного науглероженного металла | |
| JP7799168B2 (ja) | 溶鋼処理炉の操業方法および溶鋼処理炉の副原料 | |
| JP7536739B2 (ja) | 電気炉における吸窒防止方法 | |
| JP2005068533A (ja) | 溶銑の脱燐方法 | |
| TWI883465B (zh) | 鋅的去除方法及鋅的去除裝置 | |
| JP4466097B2 (ja) | 溶銑の予備処理方法 | |
| US4179281A (en) | Method for cooling high-temperature reduced iron | |
| JP2026502144A (ja) | 酸化鉄含有材料の還元プロセスの排出ガスから生成されるテールガスの使用 | |
| JP2023123257A (ja) | 溶鋼の製造方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2025531739 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2025531739 Country of ref document: JP |
|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 24925739 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: AU2024429362 Country of ref document: AU |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2024429362 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20241227 Kind code of ref document: A |