WO2025170262A1 - 배터리 진단 장치 및 배터리 진단 방법 - Google Patents
배터리 진단 장치 및 배터리 진단 방법Info
- Publication number
- WO2025170262A1 WO2025170262A1 PCT/KR2025/001340 KR2025001340W WO2025170262A1 WO 2025170262 A1 WO2025170262 A1 WO 2025170262A1 KR 2025001340 W KR2025001340 W KR 2025001340W WO 2025170262 A1 WO2025170262 A1 WO 2025170262A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- deterioration
- battery
- feature point
- battery cell
- differential capacity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/12—Measuring rate of change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technology for diagnosing the deterioration state of a battery.
- lithium batteries are receiving attention for their advantages of being able to charge and discharge freely, having a very low self-discharge rate, and having a high energy density, as they have almost no memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries.
- DQA Differential Capacity Analysis
- the polarization phenomenon which is deeply related to the charge/discharge characteristics of a battery, is dependent on various resistance components of the battery (e.g., ohmic resistance, charge transfer resistance, diffusion resistance), and the polarization phenomenon tends to worsen as the battery deteriorates.
- OCV open circuit voltage
- CCV closed circuit voltage
- a battery diagnosis method comprises the steps of: detecting a deterioration feature point located within a reference voltage range from a differential capacity profile representing a voltage-differential capacity relationship characteristic of a battery cell within a reference voltage range; updating deterioration history information representing a change history of at least one of location information and type information of the deterioration feature point based on a result of detecting the deterioration feature point; and diagnosing a deterioration state of the battery cell based on the updated deterioration history information.
- the step of diagnosing the deterioration state of the battery cell may include a step of diagnosing that a loss of positive electrode capacity of the battery cell has occurred when a first tendency in which the deterioration characteristic point approaches the baseline from the upper side of the baseline is identified from the updated deterioration history information.
- the step of diagnosing the deterioration state of the battery cell may include a step of diagnosing that additional available lithium loss has occurred along with the loss of positive electrode capacity of the battery cell when a second tendency in which the deterioration characteristic point moves away from the baseline on the lower side of the baseline is identified from the updated deterioration history information.
- the above battery diagnosis method may further include, as a step preceding the step of determining a differential capacity profile of the battery cell for the reference voltage range, a step of determining the reference voltage range based on the initial differential capacity profile of the battery cell.
- the step of determining the reference voltage range may include the steps of: detecting a main feature point, which is a peak located within a predetermined voltage range of interest, from the initial differential capacity profile; detecting a first auxiliary feature point located on a lower voltage side than the main feature point and a second auxiliary feature point located on a higher voltage side than the main feature point; and determining the reference voltage range to be the same as the voltage range between the first auxiliary feature point and the second auxiliary feature point.
- the above reference line may be a straight line passing through the first auxiliary feature point and the second auxiliary feature point.
- the processor may be configured to diagnose that additional available lithium loss has occurred in conjunction with a loss of positive electrode capacity of the battery cell when a second tendency of the degradation feature point moving away from the baseline on the lower side of the baseline is identified from the updated degradation history information.
- a battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention includes the battery diagnostic device.
- a battery system includes the battery diagnostic device.
- the deterioration state of the battery can be precisely diagnosed without direct confirmation from the outside.
- an indication of accelerated deterioration of the battery e.g., loss of available lithium
- additional control measures can be taken to control or alleviate the indication of accelerated deterioration of the battery.
- FIG. 1 is a drawing for reference in schematically explaining the configuration of a battery diagnostic device according to the present invention.
- Figure 2 is an exemplary graph used as a reference to explain changes in capacity-voltage relationship characteristics due to battery deterioration.
- Figures 3 and 4 are exemplary graphs used for explaining changes in voltage-differential capacity relationship characteristics due to battery deterioration.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart for reference in schematically explaining a battery diagnosis method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart schematically illustrating sub-steps that can be included in step S500 of FIG. 5.
- Figure 7 is a drawing referenced in explaining the method of Figure 6.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart schematically illustrating sub-steps that can be included in step S540 of FIG. 5.
- a battery system (1) includes a system controller (2), a battery pack (10), an inverter (30), and an electric motor (40).
- the charge/discharge terminals (P+, P-) of the battery pack (10) can be electrically coupled to a charging station (300) via a charging cable or the like.
- the battery system (1) is not particularly limited as long as it is an electric system in which a battery (11) is used as a power source, such as an electric vehicle.
- the system controller (2) (e.g., ECU: Electronic Control Unit) is configured to transmit a key-on signal to the battery management system (100) in response to a start button (not shown) provided in the battery system (1) being turned to the ON position by a user.
- the system controller (2) is configured to transmit a key-off signal to the battery management system (100) in response to a start button being turned to the OFF position by a user.
- the charging station (300) can communicate with the system controller (2) and supply charging power selected from among constant power, constant current, and constant voltage through the charge/discharge terminals (P+, P-) of the battery pack (10).
- the battery pack (10) includes a battery (11) and a battery management system (100).
- the battery pack (10) may further include a relay (20).
- the battery (11) includes at least one battery cell (BC).
- the battery (11) is exemplarily illustrated as including a plurality of battery cells (BC 1 to BC N , N being a natural number greater than or equal to 2) connected in series.
- the plurality of battery cells (BC 1 to BC N ) may be provided to have the same electrochemical specifications.
- the symbol 'BC' is assigned to the battery cell.
- the battery cell (BC) may be a target of diagnosis by a charging station (300) or a cloud server (not shown).
- a lithium metal composite oxide such as LiNi 8/10 Co 1/10 Mn 1/10 O 2 may be used as the positive electrode active material of the battery cell (BC).
- a carbon-based material e.g., graphite
- the charging station (300) can execute a diagnostic process for a battery cell (BC) through collaboration with an inverter (30) having a discharge function.
- the relay (20) is electrically connected in series to the battery (11) via a power path connecting the battery (11) and the inverter (30).
- the relay (20) is illustrated as being connected between the positive terminal of the battery (11) and the charge/discharge terminal (P+).
- the relay (20) is turned on and off in response to a switching signal from the battery management system (100).
- the relay (20) may be a mechanical contactor that is turned on and off by the magnetic force of a coil, or a semiconductor switch such as a MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect transistor).
- An inverter (30) is provided to convert direct current from a battery (11) included in a battery pack (10) into alternating current in response to a command from at least one of a battery management system (100), a system controller (2), and a battery diagnostic device (302).
- An electric motor (40) is driven using alternating current power from the inverter (30).
- a three-phase alternating current motor can be used as the electric motor (40).
- Components within the battery system (1) that receive discharge power from the battery (11), including the inverter (30) and the electric motor (40), can be collectively referred to as an electric load.
- the communication circuit (150) is configured to support wired or wireless communication between the control circuit (130) and the system controller (2) and/or the charging station (300).
- the wired communication may be, for example, CAN (controller area network) communication
- the wireless communication may be, for example, Zigbee or Bluetooth communication.
- the type of communication protocol is not particularly limited.
- the communication circuit (150) may include an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker) that provides information received from the control circuit (130) and/or the system controller (2) in a form recognizable to a user (driver).
- the reference voltage range may be predetermined.
- step S500 is not required and can be omitted from the method of FIG. 5.
- step S520 the processor (320) detects a deterioration feature point located within the reference voltage range from the differential capacity profile determined in step S510.
- a reference voltage range ( ⁇ V R ) is determined to be the same as the voltage range between the first auxiliary feature point (SC 1 ) and the second auxiliary feature point (SC 2 ).
- a single closed region having a main feature point (MC) as a single peak is defined by a baseline (L R ) and an initial differential capacity profile (DQP T ). Therefore, the baseline (L R ) can be utilized as a clear and efficient diagnostic criterion based on information (i.e., differential capacity value and/or type) of deterioration feature points that change along with deterioration of the battery cell (BC).
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart schematically illustrating sub-steps that can be included in step S540 of FIG. 5.
- step S810 the processor (320) determines whether a first tendency in which the deterioration feature point approaches the reference line (L R ) from the upper side is identified from the deterioration history information updated by step S530. For example, referring again to FIG. 4 , a change from C a to C b indicates the first tendency.
- step S810 If the value of step S810 is "Yes”, the process proceeds to step S820. If the value of step S810 is "No”, the process may proceed to step S830.
- the processor (320) may determine the positive electrode capacity loss rate of the battery cell (BC) based on the difference between the current differential capacity value of the deterioration feature point and the initial differential capacity value.
- the initial differential capacity value may be the same as the differential capacity value of the main feature point (MC).
- the processor (320) may determine the positive electrode capacity loss rate of the battery cell (BC) using first relationship data (indicating a correspondence between the differential capacity difference and the positive electrode capacity loss rate) pre-recorded in the memory unit (330) so as to be associated with the first tendency.
- step S830 the processor (320) determines whether a second tendency in which the deterioration feature point moves away from the reference line (L R ) from the lower side of the reference line (L R ) is identified from the deterioration history information updated by step S530.
- the identification condition of the second tendency may include at least one of (i) the deterioration feature point shifting from the upper side to the lower side of the reference line (L R ) and (ii) the type of the deterioration feature point changing from a peak to a valley. For example, referring back to FIG. 4 , a change from C c to C d and/or a change from C b to C c indicates the second tendency. If the value of step S830 is "Yes”, the process proceeds to step S840. If the value of step S830 is "No", the method according to FIG. 8 may be terminated.
- step S840 the processor (320) determines that additional available lithium loss of the battery cell (BC) has occurred. That is, it can be determined that, in addition to the positive electrode capacity loss, degradation due to the available lithium loss has significantly progressed or is showing signs of worsening.
- the available lithium loss may be a type of degradation that occurs subsequent to the positive electrode capacity loss.
- a second tendency indicating that the degradation is already accelerating or is showing signs of accelerating can be identified from the degradation history information by additionally generating the available lithium loss on top of the positive electrode capacity loss that is already occurring.
- the processor (320) may determine the available lithium loss rate of the battery cell (BC) based on the difference between the current differential capacity value of the deterioration feature point and the differential capacity value of the reference line (L R ).
- the difference between the current differential capacity value of the deterioration feature point and the differential capacity value of the reference line (L R ) may be referred to as a differential capacity difference.
- the differential capacity value of the reference line (L R ) compared with the current differential capacity value of the deterioration feature point may be the differential capacity value at the intersection between the vertical line having the voltage value of the deterioration feature point and the reference line (L R ).
- the differential capacity of the reference line (L R ) can be determined depending on the deterioration feature point. Specifically, the differential capacity of the reference line (L R ) can be a differential capacity mapped to the same voltage value as the voltage value of the deterioration feature point. Therefore, the fact that the deterioration feature point is above the reference line (L R ) can mean that the differential capacity of the reference line (L R ) at the same voltage value as the deterioration feature point is smaller than the differential capacity of the deterioration feature point.
- the fact that the deterioration feature point is below the reference line (L R ) can mean that the differential capacity of the reference line (L R ) at the same voltage value as the deterioration feature point is larger than the differential capacity of the deterioration feature point.
- the processor (320) can determine the available lithium loss rate of the battery cell (BC) by using second relationship data (indicating a correspondence between the differential capacity difference and the available lithium loss rate) pre-recorded in the memory unit (330) to be associated with the second tendency.
- Steps S832 and S842 are not essential, and at least one of them can be omitted from the method of FIG. 8.
- step S910 the processor (320) determines whether only positive electrode capacity loss has occurred among positive electrode capacity loss and available lithium loss based on the results of the diagnosis executed in step S540. If the value of step S910 is “Yes,” the process may proceed to step S920. If the value of step S910 is “No,” it means that both positive electrode capacity loss and available lithium loss have been diagnosed to have occurred. If the value of step S910 is “No,” the process may proceed to step S930.
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 기준 전압 범위에서의 배터리 셀의 전압-미분 용량 관계 특성을 나타내는 미분 용량 프로파일로부터, 상기 기준 전압 범위 내에 위치하는 열화 특징점을 검출하는 단계;상기 열화 특징점의 검출 결과를 기초로, 상기 열화 특징점의 위치 정보 및 종류 정보 중 적어도 하나의 변화 이력을 나타내는 열화 이력 정보를 갱신하는 단계; 및상기 갱신된 열화 이력 정보를 기초로, 상기 배터리 셀의 열화 상태를 진단하는 단계;를 포함하는, 배터리 진단 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 배터리 셀의 전압이 상기 기준 전압 범위에 걸쳐 변화하는 동안에 취득된 전압-전류 데이터 세트를 커브 피팅하여, 상기 기준 전압 범위에 대한 상기 배터리 셀의 전압 프로파일을 결정하는 단계; 및상기 전압 프로파일을 미분하여, 상기 미분 용량 프로파일을 획득하는 단계;를 더 포함하는, 배터리 진단 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 배터리 셀의 열화 상태를 진단하는 단계는,상기 열화 특징점이 기준선의 상측에서 상기 기준선에 가까워지는 제1 경향성이 상기 갱신된 열화 이력 정보로부터 식별되는 경우, 상기 배터리 셀의 양극 용량 손실이 발생한 것으로 진단하는 단계;를 포함하는, 배터리 진단 방법.
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 배터리 셀의 열화 상태를 진단하는 단계는,상기 배터리 셀에 양극 용량 손실이 발생한 것으로 진단된 경우, 상기 열화 특징점의 현 미분 용량값을 초기 미분 용량값과 비교하여, 상기 배터리 셀의 양극 용량 손실율을 결정하는 단계;를 더 포함하는, 배터리 진단 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 배터리 셀의 열화 상태를 진단하는 단계는,상기 열화 특징점이 기준선의 하측에서 상기 기준선으로부터 멀어지는 제2 경향성이 상기 갱신된 열화 이력 정보로부터 식별되는 경우, 상기 배터리 셀의 양극 용량 손실에 동반하여 가용 리튬 손실이 추가적으로 발생한 것으로 진단하는 단계;를 포함하는, 배터리 진단 방법.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 배터리 셀의 열화 상태를 진단하는 단계는,상기 배터리 셀의 가용 리튬 손실이 발생한 것으로 진단된 경우, 상기 열화 특징점의 현 미분 용량값과 상기 기준선의 미분 용량값 간의 차이에 따라, 상기 배터리 셀의 가용 리튬 손실율을 결정하는 단계;를 더 포함하는, 배터리 진단 방법.
- 제3항 내지 제6항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,상기 기준 전압 범위에 대한 배터리 셀의 미분 용량 프로파일을 결정하는 단계에 선행하는 단계로서, 상기 배터리 셀의 초기 미분 용량 프로파일을 기초로 상기 기준 전압 범위를 결정하는 단계;를 더 포함하는, 배터리 진단 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 기준 전압 범위를 결정하는 단계는,상기 초기 미분 용량 프로파일로부터, 소정의 관심 전압 범위 내에 위치하는 피크인 메인 특징점을 검출하는 단계;상기 메인 특징점보다 저전압측에 위치하는 제1 보조 특징점 및 상기 메인 특징점보다 고전압측에 위치하는 제2 보조 특징점을 검출하는 단계; 및상기 제1 보조 특징점과 상기 제2 보조 특징점 간의 전압 범위와 동일하게, 상기 기준 전압 범위를 결정하는 단계;를 포함하는, 배터리 진단 방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 기준선은,상기 제1 보조 특징점과 상기 제2 보조 특징점을 지나는 직선인, 배터리 진단 방법.
- 기준 전압 범위에서의 배터리 셀의 전압-미분 용량 관계 특성을 나타내는 미분 용량 프로파일을 생성하는 프로세서를 포함하고,상기 프로세서는,상기 미분 용량 프로파일로부터, 상기 기준 전압 범위 내에 위치하는 열화 특징점을 검출하고,상기 열화 특징점의 검출 결과를 기초로, 상기 열화 특징점의 위치 정보 및 종류 정보 중 적어도 하나의 변화 이력을 나타내는 열화 이력 정보를 갱신하고,상기 갱신된 열화 이력 정보를 기초로, 상기 배터리 셀의 열화 상태를 진단하는, 배터리 진단 장치.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 프로세서는,상기 열화 특징점이 기준선의 상측에서 상기 기준선에 가까워지는 제1 경향성이 상기 갱신된 열화 이력 정보로부터 식별되는 경우, 상기 배터리 셀의 양극 용량 손실이 발생한 것으로 진단하는, 배터리 진단 장치.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 프로세서는,상기 열화 특징점이 기준선의 하측에서 상기 기준선으로부터 멀어지는 제2 경향성이 상기 갱신된 열화 이력 정보로부터 식별되는 경우, 상기 배터리 셀의 양극 용량 손실에 동반하여 가용 리튬 손실이 추가적으로 발생한 것으로 진단하는, 배터리 진단 장치.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 프로세서는,상기 미분 용량 프로파일을 결정하는 동작에 선행하여, 상기 배터리 셀의 초기 미분 용량 프로파일을 기초로 상기 기준 전압 범위를 결정하는, 배터리 진단 장치.
- 제10항 내지 제13항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 배터리 진단 장치를 포함하는 배터리 팩.
- 제10항 내지 제13항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 배터리 진단 장치를 포함하는 배터리 시스템.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP25752310.0A EP4729970A1 (en) | 2024-02-06 | 2025-01-23 | Battery diagnosis apparatus and battery diagnosis method |
| CN202580001901.9A CN120958333A (zh) | 2024-02-06 | 2025-01-23 | 电池诊断装置和电池诊断方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR20240018379 | 2024-02-06 | ||
| KR10-2024-0018379 | 2024-02-06 | ||
| KR1020250009688A KR102949561B1 (ko) | 2024-02-06 | 2025-01-22 | 배터리 진단 장치 및 배터리 진단 방법 |
| KR10-2025-0009688 | 2025-01-22 |
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Citations (7)
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| WO2021220493A1 (ja) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-04 | Tdk株式会社 | 二次電池の制御システム、電池パック及び二次電池の制御方法 |
| KR20210141094A (ko) * | 2020-05-15 | 2021-11-23 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 관리 시스템, 배터리 팩, 에너지 저장 시스템 및 배터리 관리 방법 |
| KR20210146699A (ko) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-06 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 관리 시스템, 배터리 팩, 전기 차량 및 배터리 관리 방법 |
| KR20220033350A (ko) * | 2020-09-09 | 2022-03-16 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 |
| KR20240018379A (ko) | 2022-08-02 | 2024-02-13 | 리텔퓨즈 세미컨덕터 (우시) 씨오., 엘티디. | Tvs 디바이스들을 위한 패키지 구조 어셈블리 |
| KR20250009688A (ko) | 2023-07-11 | 2025-01-20 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | 확장된 삼상계면을 가진 공기전극 및 이의 제조 방법 |
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- 2025-01-23 CN CN202580001901.9A patent/CN120958333A/zh active Pending
- 2025-01-23 WO PCT/KR2025/001340 patent/WO2025170262A1/ko active Pending
- 2025-01-23 EP EP25752310.0A patent/EP4729970A1/en active Pending
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| KR20210031226A (ko) * | 2019-09-11 | 2021-03-19 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 |
| WO2021220493A1 (ja) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-04 | Tdk株式会社 | 二次電池の制御システム、電池パック及び二次電池の制御方法 |
| KR20210141094A (ko) * | 2020-05-15 | 2021-11-23 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 관리 시스템, 배터리 팩, 에너지 저장 시스템 및 배터리 관리 방법 |
| KR20210146699A (ko) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-06 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 관리 시스템, 배터리 팩, 전기 차량 및 배터리 관리 방법 |
| KR20220033350A (ko) * | 2020-09-09 | 2022-03-16 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 |
| KR20240018379A (ko) | 2022-08-02 | 2024-02-13 | 리텔퓨즈 세미컨덕터 (우시) 씨오., 엘티디. | Tvs 디바이스들을 위한 패키지 구조 어셈블리 |
| KR20250009688A (ko) | 2023-07-11 | 2025-01-20 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | 확장된 삼상계면을 가진 공기전극 및 이의 제조 방법 |
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| CN120958333A (zh) | 2025-11-14 |
| EP4729970A1 (en) | 2026-04-22 |
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