WO2025009296A1 - ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4異常に伴う皮膚障害の予防及び/又は治療剤 - Google Patents
ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4異常に伴う皮膚障害の予防及び/又は治療剤 Download PDFInfo
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- G01N2800/207—Pigmentation disorders
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a preventive and/or therapeutic agent for skin disorders associated with histone deacetylase 4 abnormalities.
- Pigment cells originate from the neural crest during development and are cells that produce melanin.
- melanocytes are mainly found in the basal layer of the epidermis and supply melanin to the surrounding keratinocytes.
- Melanocytes protect against ultraviolet rays by producing melanin, but UV-induced DNA damage also occurs in melanocytes.
- XP xeroderma pigmentosum
- the target organ where symptoms are most severe is the skin, and pigmentation abnormalities are inevitable, so analyzing the UV response of patients' melanocytes is of utmost importance in elucidating the pathology of XP.
- XP is an autosomal recessive inherited hereditary photosensitivity disease, and is a hereditary DNA repair disorder that results in severe photosensitivity and neurological symptoms. Because the skin of XP patients is congenitally deficient in the ability to repair DNA damage caused by UV rays, severe photosensitivity to sunlight and UV rays (abnormal sunburn, pigmentation abnormalities, skin cancer in exposed areas, etc.) occurs to various degrees depending on the type of disease.
- XP is classified into eight genetically distinct disease types, namely, groups A to G (genetic complementation group) and variant (V) type.
- group A xeroderma pigmentosum group A: XP-A
- type V which only has skin symptoms, accounts for approximately 25%.
- XP-A patients which are common among Japanese people, have severe photosensitivity symptoms, and show severe sunburn symptoms immediately after birth. They also show significantly accelerated photoaging even with low levels of UV rays, i.e., severe sunburn reactions, freckle-like pigmented spots of various sizes and tones, and skin cancer in exposed areas at a young age.
- XP-A XP-A
- neurological symptoms such as hearing loss, slurred speech, and loss of balance become apparent from around age 6, and from around age 10, neurological symptoms such as a tendency to fall gradually begin to appear, and language function also declines as the hearing loss and intellectual disability progress.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 melanocytes and fibroblasts differ in their resistance to ultraviolet light and their response to DNA damage, so it is important to use melanocytes in XP research (Non-Patent Documents 3 to 5).
- Histone modification is a representative molecular mechanism responsible for epigenetics. Histone modification involves histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC). HAT increases gene expression by acetylating lysine residues in histones. On the other hand, HDAC suppresses gene expression by deacetylating histones. In this way, HAT and HDAC play important roles in controlling gene transcription, and histone acetylation modification is regulated by the antagonistic actions of HAT and HDAC.
- HAT histone acetyltransferase
- HDAC histone deacetylase
- HDACs There are 18 types of human HDACs, classified into four classes, class I to class IV, each with its own characteristics.
- Class I and class II HDACs are hydrolases that have zinc in the enzymatic active site, and are characterized in terms of intracellular localization, with class I localized in the nucleus and class II localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm.
- HDAC4 belongs to class II.
- the objective of the present invention is to provide a preventive and/or therapeutic agent for skin disorders associated with abnormalities in histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4).
- HDAC4 histone deacetylase 4
- histone acetyltransferase inhibitors are effective in preventing and/or treating skin disorders associated with histone deacetylase 4 abnormalities, and thus completed the present invention.
- the present invention comprises the following. 1. A preventive and/or therapeutic agent for skin disorders associated with histone deacetylase 4 abnormality, comprising a histone acetyltransferase inhibitor as an active ingredient. 2. The preventive and/or therapeutic agent for a skin disorder according to the preceding item 1, wherein the skin disorder is a skin disorder associated with histone deacetylase 4 abnormality in melanocytes caused by exposure to light. 3. The preventive and/or therapeutic agent for a skin disorder according to the preceding item 1, wherein the skin disorder is a skin disorder caused by photoaging. 4. The preventive and/or therapeutic agent for a skin disorder according to the preceding item 1, wherein the skin disorder is a skin disorder caused by xeroderma pigmentosum. 5.
- a method for screening a preventive and/or therapeutic agent for skin disorders which comprises adding a candidate substance to a culture system of melanocytes and selecting a substance that ameliorates cytotoxicity of the melanocytes. 8.
- the screening method according to the preceding item 7, wherein the substance that ameliorates cytotoxicity of melanocytes is obtained by detecting histone deacetylase 4 and/or a factor associated with cellular senescence-associated secretory phenomenon.
- the screening method according to the preceding item 7, wherein the substance that ameliorates cytotoxicity of melanocytes is obtained by evaluating the viability of melanocytes.
- the screening method according to the preceding item 7, wherein the substance that ameliorates cytotoxicity of melanocytes is obtained by evaluating the cell migration ability of melanocytes.
- the melanocytes are melanocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells. 12.
- the method for testing a skin disorder according to the preceding item 15, wherein the detection of abnormalities in histone deacetylase 4 and/or cellular senescence-associated secretory factor is carried out using the following 1) or 2): 1) a nucleic acid probe or a nucleic acid primer capable of specifically detecting a transcription product of the histone deacetylase 4 gene and/or the cellular senescence-associated secretory phenomenon factor gene; 2) An antibody that specifically recognizes histone deacetylase 4 and/or senescence-associated secretory factor.
- a skin disorder testing kit comprising a substance capable of detecting abnormalities in histone deacetylase 4 and/or cellular senescence-associated secretory factor.
- the preventive and/or therapeutic agent for skin disorders associated with histone deacetylase 4 abnormalities which contains the histone acetyltransferase inhibitor of the present invention as an active ingredient, can be used to prevent and/or treat skin disorders associated with histone deacetylase 4 abnormalities.
- the figures show melanocytes (HC-iMC) differentiated from iPS cells derived from normal fibroblasts from human skin and melanocytes (XP-A-iMC) differentiated from iPS cells derived from fibroblasts from an XP-A patient (Reference Example 1). The expression of MC markers SOX10, MITF, and TYR in each melanocyte is shown.
- Figure 3A shows the mutations in XP-A-iMC and HC-iMC by genomic sequencing.
- Figure 3B shows that XP-A-iMC does not express XPA protein.
- Example 1 This shows that XP-A-iMC has the properties of XP-A.
- Figure 4A shows the results of the flow cytometry-based NER method.
- Figure 4B shows the results of the MTT method.
- Figure 5A shows the protocol for UV irradiation of XP-A-iMC and HC-iMC.
- Figure 5B shows the difference in genes between XP-A-iMC and HC-iMC affected by UV.
- Figure 5C shows the probes that increase or decrease after high-dose UV-B irradiation of XP-A-iMC and HC-iMC.
- Example 3 The results of GO analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms related to the cellular response of XP-A-iMCs to ultraviolet light are shown in Example 3.
- FIG. 3 The results of GO analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms related to the cellular response of XP-A-iMCs to ultraviolet light are shown in Example 3.
- FIG. 4 shows changes in HDAC4 expression in XP-A-iMCs after UV irradiation (Example 4).
- 1 shows the results of HDAC4 expression in XP-A-iMC after ultraviolet irradiation (Example 4).
- FIG. 1 shows the results of a phase contrast microscope scan of a scratch assay in XP-A-iMC after UV irradiation (Example 5).
- FIG. 5 shows the results of cell migration ability by scratch assay in XP-A-iMC after ultraviolet irradiation (Example 5).
- a method for observing cell migration in XP-A-iMC after UV irradiation using digital holographic microscopy is shown (Example 5).
- Example 5 shows the distance traveled by cells in XP-A-iMCs after UV irradiation, as measured by digital holographic microscopy (Example 5). This shows the speed of cell migration measured by digital holographic microscopy in XP-A-iMCs after ultraviolet irradiation (Example 5).
- 1 shows the results of examining cellular aging of XP-A-iMC after ultraviolet irradiation (Example 6).
- Example 6 shows the results of expression of SASP factors by PCR in XP-A-iMCs after UV irradiation (Example 6).
- 1 shows the results of expression of SASP factors in XP-A-iMCs after UV irradiation, as determined by Western blotting (Example 6).
- Example 7 shows the results of HDAC4 expression in NHEM after ultraviolet irradiation (Example 7).
- Example 8 shows the effect of curcumin on XP-A-iMC after UV irradiation.
- the effect of C-646 on XP-A-iMC after UV irradiation is shown in Example 9.
- the present invention relates to a preventive and/or therapeutic agent for skin disorders associated with abnormalities in histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), which contains a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor as an active ingredient.
- HDAC4 histone deacetylase 4
- HAT histone acetyltransferase
- the inventors explored the response of melanocytes to light exposure, comprehensively analyzed molecules that could serve as therapeutic target seeds for skin disorders, and identified HDAC4 as a gene that epigenetically controls melanocytes. Furthermore, they used immunofluorescence antibody techniques to reveal that cellular senescence occurs in melanocytes after light exposure. Furthermore, melanocytes that have undergone cellular senescence are thought to affect the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factor group, and in fact, they confirmed increased expression of many SASP factor groups. In other words, light exposure reduces HDAC4 expression in the skin, which in turn causes relative acetylation of histones, and this in turn increases the expression of SASP-related genes, which is thought to lead to various skin disorders.
- SASP senescence-associated secretory phenotype
- senescence-associated secretory phenomenon (SASP) factors include, for example, MMP-1, MMP-3, TNF ⁇ , IL-6, etc.
- HDAC4 abnormality refers to a quantitative abnormality in histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), and in particular refers to a decrease in HDAC4 expression after light exposure compared to before light exposure. “Expression” may be at the gene level or the protein level.
- the preventive and/or therapeutic agent of the present invention is characterized by having an effect of improving abnormality in HDAC4 expression.
- skin disorder particularly refers to skin disorders associated with HDAC4 abnormalities, including, for example, skin disorders associated with HDAC4 abnormalities in melanocytes caused by light exposure, skin disorders caused by photoaging, and skin disorders caused by xeroderma pigmentosum.
- photoaging refers to changes in the appearance and function of the skin observed as a result of repeated light exposure, and broadly includes skin disorders that can occur due to light exposure.
- Specific skin disorders are not limited to skin disorders that can occur in the skin of XP patients, but also include skin disorders that can occur due to light exposure in people who are not XP patients.
- skin disorders include pigmented lesions with a mixture of pigmented and depigmented spots, dry and atrophic skin, reduced skin elasticity, formation of wrinkles and sagging skin, skin cancer occurring at a young age, formation of freckles, pigmentation, darkening of the skin, increased yellowing, reduced skin barrier function, reduced stratum corneum function, etc., but are not limited to these.
- xeroderma pigmentosum refers to a hereditary photosensitive disease that is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, as explained in the Background Art section.
- XP is used as a concept that includes all eight disease types, including genetically distinct groups A to G (genetic complementation group) and variant (V) type. It is particularly suitable for use with group A (XP-A), which is the most severe type in terms of both cutaneous and neurological symptoms.
- group A XP-A
- pigmentation abnormalities are inevitable in XP, research into melanocytes is important in advancing the elucidation of the disease's pathology.
- light exposure is not limited to normal light exposure in daily life or light exposure exceeding this (e.g., sunburn), but also includes slight light exposure that may cause skin damage in XP patients.
- light is not particularly limited as long as it is “light” that contains ultraviolet rays, and examples thereof include sunlight, ultraviolet rays (e.g., UV-B, UV-C, UV-A), and illumination light, and particularly refers to sunlight and ultraviolet rays.
- the wavelength of light is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0 to 3000 nm, preferably 10 to 400 nm, more preferably 200 to 380 nm, and particularly preferably 280 to 315 nm.
- the dose is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 10 J/m 2 to 500 J/m 2 , preferably 30 to 200 J/m 2 , and more preferably 150 J/m 2 .
- HAT inhibitor literally refers to a substance that inhibits or suppresses the enzymatic activity of histone acetyltransferase (HAT). By inhibiting or suppressing the enzymatic activity of HAT, a relative balance between HDAC4 and HAT is achieved, and abnormalities in HDAC4 are improved.
- HAT inhibitors include one or more selected from the group consisting of curcumin, C-646, A-485, anacardic acid, butyrolactone, CTPB, and garcinol.
- the preventive and/or therapeutic agent of the present invention contains a HAT inhibitor as an active ingredient.
- the HAT inhibitor contained as an active ingredient may be a compound such as curcumin, C-646, A-485, anacardic acid, butyrolactone, CTPB, and garcinol, as well as a derivative of the compound, a pharma- ceutical acceptable salt of the compound or a derivative of the compound, or a hydrate.
- curcumin, C-646, and A-485 are preferred.
- Curcumin (UPAC name: (1E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione) is a fat-soluble polyphenol that is found in high concentrations in turmeric, as well as in cardamom, cloves, cumin, pepper, coriander, paprika, mace, etc.
- Potential medical uses of curcumin include antitumor, antioxidant, antiamyloid, and anti-inflammatory effects, and it has been actively researched in recent years.
- the preventive and/or therapeutic agent of the present invention is used as a pharmaceutical composition.
- the pharmaceutical composition means a composition suitable for administration in medical applications, and may contain one or more pharma- ceutical acceptable carriers and/or pharma-ceutical acceptable excipients in addition to the HAT inhibitor as an active ingredient.
- the pharmaceutical composition as the preventive and/or therapeutic agent of the present invention can be prepared by a commonly used method using pharmaceutical carriers, excipients, etc. commonly used in the art.
- the administration may be in the form of oral administration using tablets, pills, capsules, granules, powders, liquids, etc., or parenteral administration using intra-articular, intravenous, intramuscular injections, suppositories, eye drops, eye ointments, transdermal liquids, ointments, transdermal patches, transmucosal liquids, transmucosal patches, inhalants, etc.
- solid compositions for oral administration according to the present invention tablets, powders, granules, sustained release agents, etc. are used. In such solid compositions, one or more active ingredients are mixed with at least one pharma- ceutically acceptable carrier and/or pharma-ceutically acceptable excipient.
- the pharma- ceutically acceptable carriers in this specification include various organic or inorganic carrier substances commonly used as formulation materials, such as excipients, lubricants, binders, and disintegrants in solid preparations, or solvents, solubilizers, suspending agents, isotonicity agents, and buffers in liquid preparations.
- conventional additives such as preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, sweeteners, adsorbents, and wetting agents can also be used in appropriate amounts as needed.
- the pharma- ceutically acceptable excipients in this specification include, for example, isotonicity agents, bulking agents, preservatives/bactericides, binders, antioxidants, solubilizers, solubilizers, suspending agents, fillers, pH regulators, stabilizers, absorption promoters, release rate control agents, colorants, plasticizers, adhesives, etc.
- Specific examples include lactose, sucrose, D-mannitol, starch, corn starch, crystalline cellulose, light anhydrous silicic acid, etc.
- Lubricants include, for example, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, colloidal silica, etc.
- Binders include, for example, crystalline cellulose, white sugar, D-mannitol, dextrin, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, starch, sucrose, gelatin, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, etc.
- Disintegrants include, for example, starch, carboxymethylcellulose, calcium carboxymethylcellulose, croscarmellose sodium, sodium carboxymethylstarch, L-hydroxypropylcellulose, etc.
- Solvents include, for example, water for injection, alcohol, propylene glycol, macrogol, sesame oil, corn oil, olive oil, etc.
- solubilizing agents include polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, D-mannitol, benzyl benzoate, ethanol, trisaminomethane, cholesterol, triethanolamine, sodium carbonate, and sodium citrate.
- Suspending agents include, for example, surfactants such as stearyl triethanolamine, sodium lauryl sulfate, lauryl aminopropionic acid, lecithin, benzethonium chloride, and glyceryl monostearate; and hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, and hydroxypropylcellulose.
- surfactants such as stearyl triethanolamine, sodium lauryl sulfate, lauryl aminopropionic acid, lecithin, benzethonium chloride, and glyceryl monostearate
- hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, and hydroxypropylcellulose.
- Isotonicity agents include, for example, glucose, D-sorbitol, sodium chloride, glycerin, D-mannitol, etc.
- buffering agents include buffer solutions such as phosphates, acetates, carbonates, and citrates.
- preservatives include paraoxybenzoic acid esters, chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, dehydroacetic acid, and sorbic acid.
- antioxidants examples include sulfites, ascorbic acid, and ⁇ -tocopherol.
- the dosage of the HAT inhibitor as an active ingredient varies depending on the subject, administration route, symptoms, body weight, age, etc., and can be selected appropriately.
- the HAT inhibitor as an active ingredient may be administered in combination with other drugs as appropriate.
- the present invention also encompasses a method for screening for preventive and/or therapeutic agents for skin disorders.
- the screening method can be characterized by adding a candidate substance to a melanocyte culture system and selecting a substance that improves cytotoxicity of the melanocytes.
- Melanocytes also called pigment cells or melanocytes
- pigment cells are cells that have tyrosinase activity and produce melanin. They have intracellular organelles (melanosomes) for melanin synthesis, and are morphologically dendritic cells whose dendrite shape changes depending on the environment.
- Melanocytes can be prepared, for example, from pluripotent stem cells.
- pluripotent stem cells include induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), embryonic stem cells (ES cells), embryonic tumor cells (EC cells), and embryonic germ stem cells (EG cells), with iPS cells being preferred.
- the method of inducing differentiation from pluripotent stem cells to melanocytes can be any method known per se or any method to be developed in the future. Specifically, the method described in the Examples and the method described in Patent No. 6624916 can be applied.
- Pluripotent stem cells may be prepared using iPS cells that have already been established, or by any method known per se or any method to be developed in the future, specifically, for example, the method described in the Examples, Cell, 131(5): 861-872 (2007), Cell,126(4):663-676(2006), the method described in Non-Patent Document 6, and the like.
- Pluripotent stem cells can be prepared, for example, from cells derived from XP patients.
- the method of preparing pluripotent stem cells derived from XP patients can be any method known per se or any method to be developed in the future. Specifically, the method described in the Examples and the method described in JP 2021-17405 A can be applied.
- the culture environment may be any known environment and is not particularly limited, but generally, cells can be cultured under conditions of 37 ⁇ 1° C. and 5 ⁇ 1% CO 2 .
- the "cytodamage to melanocytes” is preferably cytodamage caused by, for example, light exposure.
- Melanocytes are responsible for protection from light by producing melanin, but melanocytes themselves also suffer DNA damage due to ultraviolet rays, and abnormal expression of the gene HDAC4, which controls DNA acetylation, occurs.
- the "cytodamage caused by light exposure” is preferably skin damage associated with HDAC4 abnormality.
- a substance that improves cytodamage to melanocytes can be selected by a method known per se or any method that will be developed in the future.
- a substance that improves cytodamage to melanocytes can be selected by a method such as detection of HDAC4 and/or SASP factors, evaluation of the viability of melanocytes, or evaluation of the cell migration ability of melanocytes. These selection methods can select a substance that improves cytodamage to melanocytes by comparing with and without light exposure.
- the candidate substance to be subjected to the screening method of the present invention may be a polymeric compound or a low molecular weight compound.
- polymeric compounds are not particularly limited, but include, for example, proteins and nucleic acid substances, specifically, antibodies, antibody fragments, peptides, such as siRNA or shRNA.
- low molecular weight compounds are not particularly limited. It may also be a substance that contains a low molecular weight compound and a high molecular weight compound.
- the present invention also relates to a method for testing skin disorders, which includes a step of detecting abnormalities in HDAC4 and/or SASP factors in skin taken from a subject.
- the step of detecting an abnormality in HDAC4 and/or SASP factors is not particularly limited as long as it is a step of detecting an abnormality in HDAC4 and/or SASP factors by a method capable of detecting the abnormality in HDAC4 and/or SASP factors.
- a method capable of detecting the abnormality in HDAC4 and/or SASP factors for example, the step of preparing an RNA (e.g., total RNA, mRNA) fraction from the skin of a subject and detecting a transcription product of the HDAC4 gene and/or SASP factor gene contained in the fraction, the step of detecting by an immunological method using an antibody that specifically recognizes HDAC4 and/or SASP factors, the step of detecting by mass spectrometry, etc.
- RNA e.g., total RNA, mRNA
- the detection of an abnormality in HDAC4 and/or SASP factors can be performed using the following 1) or 2). 1) a nucleic acid probe or nucleic acid primer capable of specifically detecting a transcription product of the HDAC4 gene and/or the SASP factor gene; 2) An antibody capable of specifically recognizing HDAC4 and/or SASP factors.
- RNA fraction can be prepared using known methods such as guanidine-CsCl ultracentrifugation and AGPC, but highly pure total RNA can be prepared quickly and easily from a small amount of sample using a commercially available RNA extraction kit (e.g., RNeasy Mini Kit; manufactured by QIAGEN, etc.).
- Methods for detecting the transcription products of the HDAC4 gene and/or SASP factor gene in the RNA fraction include, for example, PCR (RT-PCR, competitive PCR, real-time PCR, etc.) and hybridization (Northern blot, dot blot, DNA chip analysis, etc.).
- Immunological methods include, for example, Western blotting, ELISA, FIA, RIA, etc.
- antibodies include natural antibodies such as polyclonal antibodies and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), chimeric antibodies that can be produced using genetic recombination techniques, humanized antibodies, single-chain antibodies, and binding fragments thereof, but are not limited to these.
- the antibodies are polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, or binding fragments thereof.
- the binding fragment means a partial region of the above-mentioned antibody having specific binding activity, and specific examples thereof include F(ab')2, Fab', Fab, Fv, sFv, dsFv, sdAb, etc. (Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents, Vol. 6, No. 5, p. 441-456, 1996).
- the class of the antibody is not particularly limited, and includes antibodies having any isotype such as IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, or IgE. IgG or IgM is preferable, and IgG is more preferable in consideration of ease of purification, etc.
- the testing method of the present invention may also include a step of 3) determining that there is or is a high possibility of a skin disorder if HDAC4 is detected in a subject at a lower level compared to the control, or if SASP factors are detected at a higher level compared to the control.
- the term "subject" includes individuals who are unknown or suspected of having a skin disorder, as well as individuals who are unknown or suspected of having XP.
- the present invention also encompasses a skin disorder testing kit containing a substance capable of detecting abnormalities in HDAC4 and/or SASP factors.
- substances capable of detecting abnormalities in HDAC4 and/or SASP factors include nucleic acid probes or nucleic acid primers capable of specifically detecting transcription factors of HDAC4 genes and/or SASP factor genes, and antibodies capable of specifically recognizing HDAC4 and/or SASP factors.
- "primers or probes, etc.” may be modified as long as their functions are not significantly impaired. Examples of modifications include labels, fluorescent dyes, enzymes, proteins, radioisotopes, chemiluminescent substances, biotin, etc. Primers or probes, etc. may be immobilized on any solid phase for use.
- the "solid phase” is not particularly limited as long as it is capable of immobilizing polynucleotides, and examples of such include glass plates, nylon membranes, microbeads, silicon chips, capillaries, and other substrates.
- the kit of the present invention may further include a reaction buffer, dNTPs, a heat-stable DNA polymerase, a competitor nucleic acid, a fluorescent reagent, a competitor antibody, a labeled secondary antibody, a blocking solution, etc.
- Reference Example 1 Preparation of iPS-derived melanocytes
- XP disease-specific melanocyte stem cells were prepared and then differentiated into melanocytes (MCs), thereby preparing iPS-derived melanocytes.
- XP3OS XP3OS cells
- JCRB0303 XP3OS cells
- DMEM Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- Non-Patent Document 6 Human iPS cell lines were established from these two fibroblast cell lines using the CytoTune-iPS 2.0 Sendai Reprogramming Kit (ID Pharma Co., Ltd.) (Non-Patent Document 6). Human iPS cells were then seeded onto non-adherent culture dishes (50-200 cells/ml) and cultured in primate ES/iPS cell medium for 2 weeks to form embryoid bodies.
- the embryoid bodies were then seeded onto fibronectin-coated adherent culture dishes and cultured in Human Melanocyte Maintenance Medium (Medium 254 medium (Invitrogen)) supplemented with 3 ⁇ M CHIR99021 (Stemgent), 50 ng/ml SCF (R&D), 100 nM ET-3 (American Peptide Company), 500 ⁇ M dbcAMP (Sigma), 50 nM TPA (12-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (Sigma), 4 ng/ml bFGF (Wako), 100 ⁇ M L-ascorbic acid (Sigma), 0.05 ⁇ M dexamethasone (Sigma), 1 mg/ml linoleic acid-bovine serum (Sigma), and 1X insulin-transferrin-sodium selenite (Sigma).
- Human Melanocyte Maintenance Medium Medium 254 medium (Invitrogen)
- 3 ⁇ M CHIR99021 Steml
- SCF serum
- the cells were cultured in a medium supplemented with Human Melanocyte Growth Supplement (HMGS) (Invitrogen) and induced to differentiate into melanocytes. During this period, the medium was changed every 2-3 days. 14 days after differentiation induction, spindle-shaped cells containing dark brown granules were observed under a microscope, so differentiation induction was stopped and the cells were cultured in a melanocyte maintenance medium that did not contain differentiation inducers. Seven days after differentiation induction was stopped, melanocyte stem cells were observed in the medium.
- HMGS Human Melanocyte Growth Supplement
- XP-A-iMCs cells differentiated into melanocytes from fibroblast-derived iPS cells derived from XP-A patients
- HC-iMCs cells differentiated into melanocytes from normal fibroblast-derived iPS cells derived from human skin
- XP-A-iMCs and HC-iMCs were observed under a phase-contrast microscope. Similar to normal human epidermal melanocytes (NHEM), XP-A-iMCs and HC-iMCs had a long, spindle-shaped morphology with dendrites ( Figure 1). In addition to visual observation of cell morphology, to ensure greater accuracy, pellets obtained by centrifugation were observed and immunohistochemically stained. The pellets obtained by centrifugation were black to the naked eye, indicating that they had differentiated into MCs. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that the cells had the properties of MCs, based on the expression of MC markers SOX10, MITF, and TYR ( Figure 2).
- Example 1 Confirmation of Mutation by Genomic Sequencing
- confirmation was performed as to whether XP-A-iMC correctly contained the Japanese founder mutation (c.390-1G>C: g.15148G>C).
- Genomic DNA was isolated from XP-A-iMCs using the Gentra Puregene Cell Kit (Qiagen, Hilden). To confirm the presence or absence of the Japanese XP-A founder mutation g.15148G>C in the XPA gene (c.390-1 G>C), the region containing this mutation was amplified with the following PCR primers: 5'-GCTGTGTGCCTAAGTT-3' (forward) (SEQ ID NO: 1) 5'-TGCAAAACTAGGAAAAGTTT-3' (reverse) (SEQ ID NO: 2) Ex-Taq (Takara Bio)
- PCR products were resolved using an agarose gel, purified using a QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit (Qiagen), and sequenced using the same forward primer on an Applied Biosystems 3500 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems) ( Figure 3A). Furthermore, Western blotting confirmed that XP-A-iMCs did not express the XPA protein ( Figure 3B).
- Example 2 Confirmation that XP-A-iMCs have the properties of XPA
- the flow cytometry-based NER method is a DNA repair test that is also used in clinical diagnosis, and is a method that involves analysis by flow cytometry using a monoclonal antibody against (6-4)PP after UV-C irradiation.
- Flow cytometry-based NER method We evaluated DNA lesion repair in XP-A-iMCs and HC-iMCs by flow cytometry-based NER. Specifically, XP-A-iMCs and HC-iMCs were seeded on a 10 cm dish and irradiated with 30 J/m on the following day. The iMCs were irradiated with UV-C at 200 nm and collected immediately or 6 hours after irradiation. Then, the iMCs were incubated with a mouse primary monoclonal antibody against (6-4)PP (1:1,000, Cosmo BioCo.
- the cells were stained with AlexaFluor 488 antibody (1:200, Thermo Fisher Scientific) at 22°C for 1.5 h, resuspended in PBS-TB containing AlexaFluor 488 antibody (1:200, Thermo Fisher Scientific) at 22°C for 1 h, and then stained with 5 ⁇ g/ml propidium iodide (Thermo Fisher Scientific) at 22°C for 1 h.
- the XP-A-iMCs and HC-iMCs were stained by resuspending in PBS containing 0.1% ethanol and analyzed using a FACSVerse flow cytometer (BD Biosciences). All data were analyzed using FlowJo software (BD Life Sciences).
- the percentage of DNA lesions removed was calculated based on the mean fluorescence intensity.
- the fluorescence of XP-A-iMCs and HC-iMCs without UV irradiation was The intensity was taken as background, and the fluorescence intensity of the cells immediately after UV irradiation was taken as 100%. The decrease in fluorescence intensity was measured after 6 hours.
- MTT method Cell viability was confirmed by the MTT assay. Specifically, XP-A-iMCs, HC-iMCs, and NHEMs were evaluated 24 hours after UV-B irradiation using the CellProliferationKit I (MTT assay) (Roche) according to the manufacturer's protocol. The medium was replaced with phenol red-free medium (Lifeline CellTechnology) immediately before reaction with the MTT reagent. The final product was then transferred to a 96-well plate and measured at absorbances of 595 nm and 650 nm using an Emax precision microplate reader (MolecularDevices). Cell viability was expressed relative to that of non-UV-irradiated cells.
- Figure 4A shows representative histograms of (6-4)PP relative signal intensities in unexposed, immediately after UV-C irradiation, and 6 hours after UV-C irradiation.
- HC-iMC and XP-A-iMC showed that 96.5% and 6.1% of (6-4)PP were restored within 6 hours after UV-C irradiation, respectively. Similar results were obtained from three independent experiments.
- the results of the MTT assay are shown in Figure 4B.
- the cell viability was evaluated 24 hours after irradiation at low doses (10 J/ m2 , 20 J/ m2 ) or high doses (100 J/ m2 , 200 J/ m2 ) ( Figure 4B).
- the viability of commercially available NHEM was also evaluated (Gaddameedhi S et al 2010).
- the viability of HC-iMC was almost the same as that of NHEM, and was significantly decreased from the baseline at 200 J/ m2 but not at 100 J/ m2 .
- the viability of XP-A-iMC was significantly decreased at ⁇ 20 J/ m2 UV-B irradiation.
- Example 3 Research into elucidating the pathology of XP using XP-A-iMCs
- XP-A-iMCs we analyzed the UV response of XP-A-iMCs and comprehensively explored the response of melanocytes to UV stimulation to identify molecules (drug discovery target molecules) that are directly involved in the pathogenesis of XP and may serve as therapeutic target seeds.
- XP-A-iMCs and HC-iMCs were seeded on 10 cm dishes and irradiated with low (30 J/ m2 ) or high (150 J/ m2 ) doses of UV-B, respectively, and then incubated at 37°C for 4 or 12 hours (Fig. 5A) before comprehensive transcriptional profiling.
- Gene transcriptional profiling was performed using GeneChip TM Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (Affymetrix) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Data were analyzed using the Robust Multichip Average (RMA) method with GeneSpring13.1.1software (Agilent Technologies, Inc.). Differences in genes affected by UV-B between XP-A-iMCs and HC-iMCs were revealed.
- RMA Robust Multichip Average
- HDAC4 Histone Deacetylase 4
- HDAC4 behavior was decreased in all MCs 4 hours after UV-B irradiation and recovered in NHEM and HC-iMCs 12 hours after, but in XP-A-iMC, HDAC4 expression tended not to recover and continued to decrease 12 hours after UV irradiation ( Figure 7).
- HDAC4 expression in XP-A-iMC was confirmed from multiple angles using RT-PCR and Western blotting ( Figures 8A and 8B).
- Example 5 Examination of cell migration ability of XP-A-iMC
- the cell migration ability of XP-A-iMC after ultraviolet light irradiation was examined using a scratch assay and digital holographic microscopy.
- XP-A-iMCs and HC-iMCs reduced migration ability by scratch assay and digital holographic microscopy.
- XP-A-iMCs and HC-iMCs were seeded on a 60 mm dish, and when they reached confluence, they were irradiated with a high dose of UV-B (150 J/ m2 ) and then scratched with a small scraper to create a gap. The gap was then filled by cell migration and observed daily under a phase-contrast microscope (Fig. 9). The results of the cell migration ability by scratch assay are shown in Fig. 10. It was found that cell migration was significantly impaired in XP-A-iMCs with reduced HDAC4 compared to HC-iMCs.
- FIG. 11 Cell migration was also examined using a digital holographic microscope ( Figure 11).
- a HoloMonitor (R) M4 microscope Phase Holographic ImagingAB ) was used to image and track the movement of XP-A-iMCs and HC-iMCs after high-dose (150 J/ m2 ) UV-B irradiation.
- XP-A-iMCs and HC-iMCs 1x104 cells were seeded in a 6-well plate, and migration was tracked for 72 hours after high-dose (150 J/m2) UV-B irradiation.
- Figure 12 shows the distance traveled by the cells
- Figure 13 shows the speed of cell migration.
- Example 2 showed that the survival rate of XP-A-iMC decreased due to light exposure, it may be possible to obtain a substance that improves cytotoxicity in melanocytes by adding a candidate substance to a melanocyte culture system and evaluating the survival rate and migration ability of melanocytes.
- Example 6 Examination of cellular senescence in XP-A-iMC
- the occurrence of cellular senescence in XP-A-iMC after ultraviolet irradiation was examined using an immunofluorescence antibody technique.
- XP-A-iMCs and HC-iMCs were seeded on 60 mm dishes, and when they reached approximately 70% confluence, they were irradiated with high-dose (150 J/ m2 ) UV-B. 24 hours later, the expression of ⁇ H2AX, an indicator of DNA damage and an indicator of cellular senescence, was examined. A significant increase in ⁇ H2AX expression was confirmed in XP-A-iMCs compared to HC-iMCs using the fluorescent antibody method, indicating that cellular senescence was promoted (Figure 14).
- SASP senescence-associated secretory phenotype
- Example 7 Decreased expression of HDAC4 in NHEM
- HDAC4 expression in NHEM was confirmed.
- NHEM were seeded in 60 mm dishes and irradiated with a very high dose of UV-B (500 J/ cm2 ), and 24 hours later, HDAC4 expression was confirmed using RT-PCR ( Figure 17). It was also confirmed that the pathological condition in which HDAC4 expression is significantly decreased by UV irradiation was also observed in melanocytes from healthy subjects when the amount of UV light was significantly increased, suggesting that the decrease in HDAC4 may be generally important in photoaging.
- Example 8 Improvement of HDAC4 expression by curcumin XP-A-iMCs were seeded on a 60 mm dish, and when they reached approximately 70% confluence, they were irradiated with high doses of UV-B (150 J/ m2 ). Curcumin was then added to the cell culture medium and cultured for 24 hours, after which the expression of HDAC4 was confirmed using RT-PCR. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a solvent for curcumin, was used as a control. It was found that the expression of HDAC4, which had been reduced by irradiation with high doses of UV-B (150 J/ m2 ), was significantly restored ( Figure 18). It was also confirmed that the effect was curcumin concentration-dependent.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- Example 9 Improvement of HDAC4 expression by C-646 XP-iMCs were seeded on a 60 mm dish, and when they reached approximately 70% confluence, they were irradiated with high doses of UV-B (150 J/ m2 ). C-646 was added to the cell culture medium and cultured for 24 hours, after which the expression of HDAC4 was confirmed using RT-PCR ( Figure 19). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the solvent for C-646, was used as a control. It was found that the expression of HDAC4, which had been reduced by irradiation with high doses of UV-B (150 J/ m2 ), was significantly restored.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- the preventive and/or therapeutic agent for skin disorders associated with histone deacetylase 4 abnormalities of the present invention which contains the histone acetyltransferase inhibitor as an active ingredient, can prevent and/or treat skin disorders associated with histone deacetylase 4 abnormalities, and is highly useful not only for XP patients but also for many skin disorders, such as those caused by photoaging. It is particularly useful for XP patients, for whom effective treatment methods have not yet been established. It is also possible to screen for new preventive and/or therapeutic agents for skin disorders that focus on HDAC4 and melanocytes.
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Abstract
Description
1.ヒストンアセチル基転移酵素阻害剤を有効成分として含む、ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4異常に伴う皮膚障害の予防及び/又は治療剤。
2.皮膚障害が、光曝露によって生じるメラノサイトにおけるヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4異常に伴う皮膚障害である、前項1に記載の皮膚障害の予防及び/又は治療剤。
3.皮膚障害が、光老化による皮膚障害である、前項1に記載の皮膚障害の予防及び/又は治療剤。
4.皮膚障害が、色素性乾皮症による皮膚障害である、前項1に記載の皮膚障害の予防及び/又は治療剤。
5.ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4異常に伴う皮膚障害の予防及び/又は治療剤が、ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4の発現異常を改善する作用を有する、前項1に記載の皮膚障害の予防及び/又は治療剤。
6.ヒストンアセチル基転移酵素阻害剤が、クルクミン、C-646、A-485、アナカルジン酸、ブチロラクトン、CTPB及びガルシノールからなる群から選択される1種又は複数種である、前項1に記載の皮膚障害の予防及び/又は治療剤。
7.メラノサイトの培養系に候補物質を添加し、前記メラノサイトの細胞傷害を改善する物質を選別することを特徴とする皮膚障害の予防及び/又治療剤のスクリーニング方法。
8.メラノサイトの細胞傷害を改善する物質は、ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4及び/又は細胞老化随伴分泌現象因子を検出することにより得られる、前項7に記載のスクリーニング方法。
9.メラノサイトの細胞傷害を改善する物質は、メラノサイトの生存率を評価することにより得られる、前項7に記載のスクリーニング方法。
10.メラノサイトの細胞傷害を改善する物質は、メラノサイトの細胞遊走能を評価することにより得られる、前項7に記載のスクリーニング方法。
11.メラノサイトが多能性幹細胞由来のメラノサイトである、前項7に記載のスクリーニング方法。
12.多能性幹細胞由来のメラノサイトが、色素性乾皮症の患者由来の多能性幹細胞から作製された多能性幹細胞由来のメラノサイトである、前項11に記載のスクリーニング方法。
13.メラノサイトの細胞傷害が、光曝露による細胞傷害である前項7に記載のスクリーニング方法。
14.光曝露による細胞傷害が、ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4異常に伴う皮膚障害である、前項13に記載のスクリーニング方法。
15.被検者から採取した皮膚について、ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4及び/又は細胞老化随伴分泌現象因子の異常を検出する工程を含む、皮膚障害の検査方法。
16.細胞老化随伴分泌現象因子が、MMP-1、MMP-3、TNFα及びIL-6から選択される、1種又は複数種である、前項15に記載の皮膚障害の検査方法。
17.ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4及び/又は細胞老化随伴分泌現象因子異常の検出が、以下の1)又は2)を用いて行われる、前項15に記載の皮膚障害の検査方法;
1)ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4遺伝子及び/若しくは細胞老化随伴分泌現象因子遺伝子の転写産物を特異的に検出し得る核酸プローブ又は核酸プライマー;
2)ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4及び/又は細胞老化随伴分泌現象因子を特異的に認識する抗体。
18.ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4及び/又は細胞老化随伴分泌現象因子の異常を検出し得る物質を含む、皮膚障害検査用キット。
1)HDAC4遺伝子及び/若しくはSASP因子遺伝子の転写産物を特異的に検出し得る核酸プローブ又は核酸プライマー、
2)HDAC4及び/又はSASP因子を特異的に認識し得る抗体。
本参考例では、XP疾患特異的色素幹細胞を作製した後、メラノサイト(MC)へ分化させ、iPS由来のメラノサイトを作製した。
ヒトiPS細胞株の樹立には、ヒト皮膚由来の正常線維芽細胞(TIG-120細胞;JCRB0542)及びXP-A患者由来の線維芽細胞(XP3OS)を使用した。XP3OS細胞(JCRB0303)は、XPAの日本人創始者変異(c.390-1G>C:g.15148G>C)を持つことが知られている細胞である。これらの細胞株は、JCRB生物資源バンク(日本)から入手し、ダルベッコ改変イーグル培地Dulbecco'smodified Eagle's medium (DMEM)(ナカライ)に、 10%ウシ胎児血清及び1%ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン(LifeTechnologies)を加えた培地で培養した。ヒトiPS細胞株は、これらの2つの線維芽細胞株から、CytoTune-iPS 2.0SendaiReprogramming Kit(ID Pharma Co., Ltd.)を用いて確立した(非特許文献6)。その後、ヒトiPS細胞を非接着培養皿上に播種し(50~200細胞/ml)、霊長類ES/iPS細胞用培地中で2週間培養することで、胚様体を形成させた。その後胚様体をフィブロネクチンでコートした接着培養皿上に播種し、3μM CHIR99021(Stemgent)、50 ng/ml SCF(R&D)、100 nM ET-3(American Peptide Company)、500μM dbcAMP(Sigma)、50nMTPA(12-テトラデカノイルホルボール 13-アセタート(Sigma)、4ng/ml bFGF(Wako)、100μM L-アスコルビン酸(Sigma)、0.05 μM デキサメタゾン(Sigma)、1 mg/ml リノール酸-ウシ血清(Sigma)、及び1Xインスリン-トランスフェリン-亜セレン酸ナトリウム(Sigma)を加えたメラノサイト維持培地(Medium 254培地(Invitrogen)にHumanMelanocyte GrowthSupplement(HMGS)(Invitrogen)を添加した培地)で培養し、メラノサイトへの分化を誘導した。この間、2~3日に一度培地を交換した。分化誘導をしてから14日後に、紡錘形で黒褐色の顆粒を含有する細胞が顕微鏡観察により認められたため分化誘導を中止し、分化誘導因子を含んでいないメラノサイト維持培地に切り替えて細胞を培養した。分化誘導を中止してから7日後に、培地中に色素幹細胞が認められた。
上述した色素幹細胞は、2日ごとに3μM CHIR99021を添加した後、約1週間後にMCに分化した。以下、XP-A患者由来の線維芽細胞由来iPS細胞からメラノサイトへ分化させた細胞をXP-A-iMC、ヒト皮膚由来の正常繊維芽細胞由来iPS細胞からメラノサイトへ分化させた細胞をHC-iMCとする。
本実施例では、XP-A-iMCが正しく日本人創始者変異(c.390-1G>C:g.15148G>C)を有しているかの確認を行った。
5′-GCTGTGTGCCTAAGTT-3′(フォワード)(配列番号1)
5′-TGCAAAACTAGGAAAAGTTT-3′(リバース)(配列番号2)
Ex-Taq(タカラバイオ)
本実施例では、XPの性質としてDNA修復が障害されているため紫外線に脆弱である性質を有することを、Flow cytometry-based NER 法(Nakano etal,2018,J Invest Dermatol, 138:467-47)及びMTT(増殖/生存)法で検討した。Flow cytometry-based NER 法は臨床診断でも用いられているDNA修復試験であり、UV-C照射後の(6-4)PPに対するモノクローナル抗体を用いてフローサイトメトリーで解析することによる方法である。
Flow cytometry-based NER 法によりXP-A-iMC及びHC-iMCのDNA病変修復を評価した。具体的にはXP-A-iMC及びHC-iMCを10cmディッシュに播種し、翌日に30 J/m2のUV-Cを照射し、照射直後又は照射6時間後にXP-A-iMC及びHC-iMCを採取した。その後、(6-4)PPに対するマウス一次モノクローナル抗体(1:1,000、Cosmo BioCo.,Ltd.)で22℃で1.5時間染色し、AlexaFluor 488抗体(1:200、Thermo FisherScientific)を含むPBS-TBに22℃で1時間再懸濁し、さらに5μg/mlヨード化プロピジウム(Thermo Fisher)を含むPBSに再懸濁し、XP-A-iMC及びHC-iMCを染色した。染色後、FACSVerseフローサイトメーター(BD Biosciences)を用いて分析した。すべてのデータは、FlowJoソフトウェア(BDLife Sciences)を用いて解析した。DNA病変の除去率は、平均蛍光強度に基づいて算出した。UVを照射していないXP-A-iMC及びHC-iMCの蛍光強度をバックグラウンドとし、UV照射直後の細胞の蛍光強度を100%とした。蛍光強度の減少は、6時間後に測定した。
MTT法により細胞生存率を確認した。具体的には、CellProliferationKit I (MTT assay)(Roche)を用いて、製造元のプロトコールに従ってUV-B照射後24時間後のXP-A-iMC、HC-iMC及びNHEMを評価した。培地は、MTT試薬との反応直前にフェノールレッドフリー培地(Lifeline CellTechnology)に交換した。そして、最終産物を96ウェルプレートに移し、Emax precision microplate reader(MolecularDevices)を用いて595nmと650nmの吸光度で測定した。細胞生存率は、UVを照射してないものとの相対値で表した。
本実施例では、XP-A-iMCの紫外線応答を解析し、メラノサイトにおける紫外線刺激に対する反応を網羅的に探索し、XPの病態形成に直接的に関与し治療標的シーズとなりうる分子(創薬標的分子)の特定を検討した。
本実施例では、XP-A-iMCで特異的に発現が低下した132の遺伝子プローブのうち、特徴的な挙動を強く示す遺伝子としてヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4(HDAC4)を特定した(図7)。HDAC4はヒストン修飾に重要な役割を果たし、細胞増殖、細胞周期進行、分化、発生に重要で、オートファジーやマイトファジーにも関与していることが過去の報告で知られていて、XPで観察される病態を確かに説明することもでき、メラノサイトをエピジェネティックに制御する遺伝子である可能性が考えられる。HDAC4の挙動としては、UV-B照射4時間後にいずれのMCでも低下し、12時間後にNHEMとHC-iMCで回復したが、XP-A-iMCではHDAC4の発現が回復しない傾向があり、UV照射12時間後に減少し続けた(図7)。RT-PCR法とウエスタンブロッティング法を用いてXP-A-iMCのHDAC4の発現を、多角的に確認した(図8A、B)。
本実施例では、紫外線照射後のXP-A-iMCの細胞遊走能を、scratchアッセイとDigital holographic microscopyを用いて検討した。
本実施例では、紫外線照射後のXP-A-iMCの細胞老化が起きているかを免疫蛍光抗体法を用いて検討した。
本実施例ではNHEMにおけるHDAC4発現を確認した。NHEMを60mmディッシュに播種し、著しい高線量(500 J/cm2)のUV-Bを照射した後、24時間後にRT-PCR法を用いてHDAC4の発現を確認した(図17)。紫外線照射によって著明にHDAC4の発現が低下するという病態は、紫外線量を著しく増加させた場合では健常者からのメラノサイトでも同様であることも確認でき、HDAC4の低下は、光老化で一般的に重要な可能性が示唆された。
60 mmディッシュにXP-A-iMCを播種し、約70%コンフルエントになったところで、高線量(150 J/m2)のUV-Bを照射した後、クルクミンを細胞培地に加えて24時間培養した後に、RT-PCR法を用いてHDAC4の発現を確認した。対照にはクルクミンの溶媒であるジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)を用いた。高線量(150 J/m2)のUV-Bを照射によって低下したHDAC4の発現が有意に回復していることを認めた(図18)。またその効果は、クルクミン濃度依存性であることも確認出来た。
60 mmディッシュにXP-iMCを播種し、約70%コンフルエントになったところで、高線量(150 J/m2)のUV-Bを照射した後、C-646を細胞培地に加えて24時間培養した後に、RT-PCR法を用いてHDAC4の発現を確認した(図19)。対照にはC-646の溶媒であるジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)を用いた。高線量(150 J/m2)のUV-Bを照射によって低下したHDAC4の発現が有意に回復していることを認めた。
Claims (18)
- ヒストンアセチル基転移酵素阻害剤を有効成分として含む、ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4異常に伴う皮膚障害の予防及び/又は治療剤。
- 皮膚障害が、光曝露によって生じるメラノサイトにおけるヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4異常に伴う皮膚障害である、請求項1に記載の皮膚障害の予防及び/又は治療剤。
- 皮膚障害が、光老化による皮膚障害である、請求項1に記載の皮膚障害の予防及び/又は治療剤。
- 皮膚障害が、色素性乾皮症による皮膚障害である、請求項1に記載の皮膚障害の予防及び/又は治療剤。
- ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4異常に伴う皮膚障害の予防及び/又は治療剤が、ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4の発現異常を改善する作用を有する、請求項1に記載の皮膚障害の予防及び/又は治療剤。
- ヒストンアセチル基転移酵素阻害剤が、クルクミン、C-646、A-485、アナカルジン酸、ブチロラクトン、CTPB及びガルシノールからなる群から選択される1種又は複数種である、請求項1に記載の皮膚障害の予防及び/又は治療剤。
- メラノサイトの培養系に候補物質を添加し、前記メラノサイトの細胞傷害を改善する物質を選別することを特徴とする皮膚障害の予防及び/又治療剤のスクリーニング方法。
- メラノサイトの細胞傷害を改善する物質は、ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4及び/又は細胞老化随伴分泌現象因子を検出することにより得られる、請求項7に記載のスクリーニング方法。
- メラノサイトの細胞傷害を改善する物質は、メラノサイトの生存率を評価することにより得られる、請求項7に記載のスクリーニング方法。
- メラノサイトの細胞傷害を改善する物質は、メラノサイトの細胞遊走能を評価することにより得られる、請求項7に記載のスクリーニング方法。
- メラノサイトが多能性幹細胞由来のメラノサイトである、請求項7に記載のスクリーニング方法。
- 多能性幹細胞由来のメラノサイトが、色素性乾皮症の患者由来の多能性幹細胞から作製された多能性幹細胞由来のメラノサイトである、請求項11に記載のスクリーニング方法。
- メラノサイトの細胞傷害が、光曝露による細胞傷害である請求項7に記載のスクリーニング方法。
- 光曝露による細胞傷害が、ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4異常に伴う皮膚障害である、請求項13に記載のスクリーニング方法。
- 被検者から採取した皮膚について、ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4及び/又は細胞老化随伴分泌現象因子の異常を検出する工程を含む、皮膚障害の検査方法。
- 細胞老化随伴分泌現象因子が、MMP-1、MMP-3、TNFα及びIL-6から選択される、1種又は複数種である、請求項15に記載の皮膚障害の検査方法。
- ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4及び/又は細胞老化随伴分泌現象因子異常の検出が、以下の1)又は2)を用いて行われる、請求項15に記載の皮膚障害の検査方法;
1)ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4遺伝子及び/若しくは細胞老化随伴分泌現象因子遺伝子の転写産物を特異的に検出し得る核酸プローブ又は核酸プライマー;
2)ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4及び/又は細胞老化随伴分泌現象因子を特異的に認識する抗体。 - ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素4及び/又は細胞老化随伴分泌現象因子の異常を検出し得る物質を含む、皮膚障害検査用キット。
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