WO2025007571A1 - 电池以及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池以及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025007571A1
WO2025007571A1 PCT/CN2024/078605 CN2024078605W WO2025007571A1 WO 2025007571 A1 WO2025007571 A1 WO 2025007571A1 CN 2024078605 W CN2024078605 W CN 2024078605W WO 2025007571 A1 WO2025007571 A1 WO 2025007571A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
buffer
battery
battery cell
segment
buffer pad
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2024/078605
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭勇
彭浩然
章华
安亚涛
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2025007571A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025007571A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery and an electrical device.
  • Secondary batteries especially lithium-ion batteries, have the advantages of high voltage, high specific energy, long cycle life, green and pollution-free, wide operating temperature range and low self-discharge. They are widely used in portable electronic devices, energy storage devices and power equipment of large new energy electric vehicles, and are of great significance to solving human environmental pollution and energy crisis. With the widespread application of lithium-ion batteries, reducing battery costs has become a problem that producers pay close attention to.
  • a battery comprising: a plurality of battery cells; and a buffer assembly located between relative surfaces of two adjacent battery cells among the plurality of battery cells, wherein the buffer assembly comprises at least two buffer pads, the at least two buffer pads are arranged at intervals along at least a first direction, and their projection ranges in the first direction do not overlap, and the first direction is parallel to at least one of the relative surfaces.
  • a buffer component is arranged between the relative surfaces of two adjacent battery cells.
  • the buffering effect of the buffer component can alleviate the impact of the expansion force on the battery and absorb the assembly differences between the battery cells when assembling the battery.
  • the buffer component can form a hollow part between the buffer pads by setting at least two buffer pads arranged at intervals in the first direction and with non-overlapping projection ranges, which can easily absorb the expansion and deformation of the battery cells.
  • the buffer pads arranged at intervals in this embodiment can reduce the amount of buffer pad materials used, reduce costs, and do not require assembly, thereby reducing the difficulty of battery assembly and the requirements for assembly accuracy.
  • the first direction is parallel to the height direction of the two adjacent battery cells
  • the at least two buffer pads include a first buffer pad
  • the first buffer pad is the lowest buffer pad among the at least two buffer pads
  • the first buffer pad is continuous in the second direction
  • the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and is parallel to at least one of the relative surfaces.
  • the glue is not easy to enter the hollow area located on the upper side of the first buffer pad under the blocking of the first buffer pad. This reduces the possibility of glue entering the hollow area and occupying the expansion and deformation space of the battery monomer, thereby improving the buffering of the expansion force of the battery monomer by the buffer assembly.
  • the glue enters the lower part of the hollow area, the distribution of the glue in the first direction within the range between the two adjacent battery cells will be uneven, resulting in bending stress caused by inconsistent expansion and deformation of the battery cells.
  • the first buffer pad blocks the glue on the lower side, which can improve the uniformity of the distribution of the glue in the first direction within the range between the two adjacent battery cells and reduce the bending stress caused by the expansion of the battery cells.
  • the first buffer pad includes a first buffer segment having a first side adjacent to a bottom surface of the battery cell and parallel to the second direction.
  • the first buffer segment has a first side edge adjacent to the bottom surface of the battery cell and parallel to the second direction, so that the first buffer pad is straight and continuous at the first side edge close to the bottom surface of the battery cell.
  • it can reduce the amount of glue entering the space enclosed by the relative surfaces, and on the other hand, it can also evenly block the glue on the lower side of the battery cell along the second direction, thereby improving the uniformity of the distribution of the glue in the second direction within the range sandwiched by two adjacent battery cells, thereby reducing the bending stress caused by the expansion of the battery cell.
  • the first buffer pad further includes a second buffer segment and a third buffer segment, both connected to the first buffer segment and extending in a direction away from the bottom surface of the battery cell, and the second buffer segment and the third buffer segment are spaced apart along the second direction.
  • the second buffer segment and the third buffer segment are both connected to the first buffer pad and extend in a direction away from the bottom surface of the battery cell, and the second buffer segment and the third buffer segment are spaced apart along the second direction, so that the second buffer segment and the third buffer segment block the glue from entering the space between the second buffer segment and the third buffer segment from the side, thereby achieving the lateral glue blocking effect, and combined with the lower glue blocking effect achieved by the first buffer segment, the first buffer pad can effectively reduce the amount of glue on the lower side of the battery cell that enters the space enclosed by the relative surface, thereby reducing the risk of glue occupying the space for expansion and deformation of the battery cell, thereby improving the buffering effect of the buffer assembly on the expansion force of the battery cell.
  • the second buffer segment and the third buffer segment are respectively connected to two ends of the first buffer segment along the second direction.
  • Connecting the second buffer segment and the third buffer segment to the two ends of the first buffer segment along the second direction can make the second buffer segment and the third buffer segment closer to the sides of the battery cell, reduce the amount of glue entering between the relative surfaces, and reduce the risk of glue occupying the space for expansion and deformation of the battery cell, thereby improving the buffering effect of the buffer assembly on the expansion force of the battery cell.
  • the second buffer segment has a second side adjacent to the first side of the battery cell and parallel to the first side
  • the third buffer segment has a third side adjacent to the second side of the battery cell and parallel to the second side
  • the first side and the second side are both connected to the bottom surface and are opposite to each other along the second direction.
  • the first buffer pad has straight edges on both sides and the bottom, which can more effectively reduce the amount of glue entering between the opposite surfaces and improve the distribution uniformity of the glue in the first direction and the second direction within the range sandwiched by two adjacent battery cells compared to non-straight edges.
  • a cross-section of the first buffer pad in a third direction is U-shaped, the U-shape has a vertically upward opening, and the third direction is perpendicular to both the first direction and the second direction.
  • the U-shaped first buffer pad can reduce the amount of buffer pad material used to a greater extent, reduce costs, and can achieve a glue blocking effect through the three adjacent sides of the U shape, thereby reducing the amount of glue entering between the opposite surfaces.
  • a ratio h/w of a maximum dimension h of the first buffer pad in the first direction to a maximum dimension w of the first buffer pad in the second direction satisfies: 0.05 ⁇ h/w ⁇ 10.
  • the ratio h/w For the U-shaped first buffer, if the ratio h/w is too large, more buffer material is needed. If it is too small, the lateral glue blocking effect is relatively limited, and there is a risk that more glue will enter between the opposite surfaces from the side and occupy the expansion and deformation space of the battery cell. Therefore, by making the ratio h/w satisfy 0.05 ⁇ h/w ⁇ 10, the glue blocking effect of the first buffer and the saving of material consumption can be taken into account.
  • the ratio h/w satisfies: 0.1 ⁇ h/w ⁇ 5.
  • the rubber blocking function of the first buffer pad can be more effectively achieved, and the amount of buffer pad material can be saved, thereby reducing costs.
  • the at least two buffer pads further include a second buffer pad located on a side of the first center plane of the battery cell away from the first buffer pad, and the first center plane is equidistant from the top and bottom surfaces of the battery cell along the first direction.
  • the battery cell is divided by the first center plane, and the second buffer pad and the first buffer pad are located on both sides of the first center plane. This is conducive to making the buffering effect of the buffer assembly uniform in the first direction, alleviating the impact of the expansion force on the battery, and more evenly absorbing the assembly differences between the battery cells when assembling the battery.
  • the second buffer pad is the same as the first buffer pad and is disposed opposite to the first buffer pad in the first direction.
  • the second buffer pad By making the second buffer pad the same as the first buffer pad and setting them in reverse, this is conducive to batch production of buffer pads, and using them as the first buffer pad and the second buffer pad respectively, thereby improving manufacturing efficiency; moreover, the first buffer pad and the second buffer pad set in reverse in the first direction can achieve a more uniform buffering effect in the first direction, effectively alleviating the influence of the expansion force on the battery.
  • a cross section of the second buffer pad in a third direction is rectangular, and the third direction is perpendicular to both the first direction and the second direction.
  • the second buffer pad does not need to meet the requirement of side glue blocking, so a rectangular cross-section structure can be adopted, so that a larger buffer pad material can be cut with a higher density, which is conducive to reducing material waste.
  • the first buffer pad includes a first buffer segment, a second buffer segment and a third buffer segment
  • the first buffer segment has a first side adjacent to the bottom surface of the battery cell and parallel to the second direction
  • the second buffer segment and the third buffer segment are both connected to the first buffer segment and extend in a direction away from the bottom surface of the battery cell
  • the second buffer segment and the third buffer segment are spaced apart along the second direction
  • the maximum dimension d1 of the part of the first buffer segment located between the second buffer segment and the third buffer segment in the first direction, the maximum dimension d2 of the second buffer segment in the second direction and the maximum dimension d3 of the third buffer segment in the second direction are all smaller than the maximum dimension d4 of the second buffer pad in the first direction.
  • the maximum dimension d4 of the second buffer pad in the first direction can be made larger than the dimensions of the first buffer segment, the second buffer segment and the third buffer segment in the direction perpendicular to their extension directions. This is beneficial for the first buffer pad to use less buffer pad material and reduce costs.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the first buffer pad and the second buffer pad in a third direction are equal, and the third direction is perpendicular to both the first direction and the second direction.
  • the buffering effects of the expansion force of the first buffer pad and the second buffer pad during battery use can be more consistent, thereby reducing the bending stress caused by the expansion of the battery cell.
  • the buffer assembly is symmetrical with respect to a first center plane passing through the battery cell, and the first center plane is equidistant from the top and bottom surfaces of the battery cell along the first direction; and/or, the buffer assembly is symmetrical with respect to a second center plane passing through the battery cell, and the second center plane is equidistant from the first side and second side surfaces of the battery cell along the second direction, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction and parallel to at least one of the relative surfaces, and the first side surface and the second side surface are opposite along the second direction.
  • the buffering effect of the expansion force of the first buffer pad and the second buffer pad during the use of the battery can be made more consistent, thereby reducing the bending stress caused by the expansion of the battery cell.
  • the multiple battery cells include at least one battery cell group
  • the battery includes at least one battery module, which corresponds one to one with the at least one battery cell group
  • each battery module includes two end plates, a hoop and a corresponding battery cell group
  • the battery cells in each battery cell group are arranged along a third direction, the third direction is perpendicular to at least one of the relative surfaces
  • the buffer assembly is bonded to the relative surfaces
  • the two end plates are respectively located on both sides of the corresponding battery cell group along the third direction
  • the hoop is sleeved on the outer periphery of the two end plates to tighten the two end plates and the corresponding battery cell group.
  • the overall strength of the battery module can be improved and the risk of cracking of the battery module due to large expansion of the battery cells can be reduced.
  • the battery further includes: a box body, accommodating the at least one battery module; and a heat exchange element, located in the box body; wherein the at least one battery module is located on the upper side of the heat exchange element and is connected to the heat exchange element by thermal conductive adhesive.
  • the buffer pad in the battery module can also block the amount of thermally conductive adhesive that enters between the relative surfaces of two adjacent battery cells, thereby reducing the risk of glue occupying the space for battery cell expansion and deformation.
  • the battery further comprises: a box body accommodating the plurality of battery cells; and a heat exchange element located in the box body; wherein the plurality of battery cells are located on the upper side of the heat exchange element and connected to the heat exchange element via thermally conductive adhesive.
  • the buffer pad can also block the amount of thermal conductive adhesive that enters between the relative surfaces of two adjacent battery cells, reducing the risk of glue occupying the space for battery cell expansion and deformation.
  • an electrical device comprising: the aforementioned battery.
  • the electric device using the battery is beneficial to reducing the cost.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of some embodiments of electric equipment according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG2 is an exploded schematic diagram of some embodiments of batteries according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between multiple battery modules and a heat exchanger according to some embodiments of the battery disclosed herein;
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery module according to some embodiments of the battery disclosed herein;
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of a battery module according to some embodiments of the battery disclosed herein;
  • FIG6 is an enlarged schematic diagram of a portion of the structure in FIG4 ;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of two adjacent battery cells and a buffer assembly therebetween in some embodiments of the battery according to the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8A is a schematic diagram of a first buffer pad and a second buffer pad that are U-shaped and arranged inversely on a battery cell according to some embodiments of the battery disclosed herein;
  • FIG8B is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the first buffer pad and the second buffer pad in FIG8A;
  • FIG8C is a schematic diagram showing the dimensions of the first cushion and the second cushion in FIG8A ;
  • 9A is a schematic diagram of disposing a U-shaped first buffer pad and a rectangular second buffer pad on a battery cell according to some embodiments of the battery disclosed herein;
  • FIG9B is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the first buffer pad and the second buffer pad in FIG9A ;
  • FIG. 9C is a schematic diagram showing the dimensions of the first buffer pad and the second buffer pad in FIG. 9A .
  • 10 - battery cell 10f, 10f' - opposite surfaces; 11 - first side surface; 12 - second side surface; 13 - bottom surface; 14 - top surface; 20-buffer assembly; 21-first buffer pad; 211-first buffer section; 211e-first side edge; 212-second buffer section; 212e-second side edge; 213-third buffer section; 213e-third side edge; 22, 22'-second buffer pad; 31-end plate; 32-hoop; 40-battery; 41-battery module; 42-box; 43-heat exchange component; 44-thermal conductive adhesive; 45-box cover; 50-Vehicles; z-first direction; y-second direction; x-third direction; CP1-first center plane; CP2-second center plane.
  • the battery cell in the battery may be a secondary battery, which refers to a battery cell that can be continuously used by activating the active material by charging after the battery cell is discharged.
  • the battery cell can be a lithium ion battery, a sodium ion battery, a sodium lithium ion battery, a lithium metal battery, a sodium metal battery, a lithium sulfur battery, a magnesium ion battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, a nickel cadmium battery, a lead storage battery, etc., which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly includes a first pole piece and a second pole piece with opposite polarities, and also includes a separator disposed between the first pole piece and the second pole piece.
  • the first pole piece is a positive pole piece
  • the second pole piece is a negative pole piece.
  • the first pole piece is a negative pole piece
  • the second pole piece is a positive pole piece.
  • active ions such as lithium ions
  • the separator is disposed between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece, which can prevent the positive and negative poles from short-circuiting, while allowing active ions to pass through.
  • the positive electrode sheet may include a positive electrode current collector substrate and a positive electrode active material layer disposed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector substrate.
  • the positive electrode current collector substrate has two surfaces facing each other in its thickness direction, and the positive electrode active material layer is disposed on any one or both of the two facing surfaces of the positive electrode current collector substrate.
  • the positive electrode current collector substrate may be a metal foil or a composite current collector.
  • the metal foil aluminum or stainless steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon electrode, carbon, nickel or titanium, etc., treated with silver surface, may be used.
  • the composite current collector may include a polymer material base layer and a metal layer.
  • the composite current collector may be formed by placing a metal material (aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.).
  • the positive electrode active material layer may include at least one of the following materials: lithium-containing phosphates, lithium transition metal oxides, and their respective modified compounds.
  • the present disclosure is not limited to these materials, and other traditional materials that can be used as positive electrode active material layers of batteries may also be used. These positive electrode active material layers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • lithium-containing phosphates may include, but are not limited to, at least one of lithium iron phosphate (such as LiFePO 4 (also referred to as LFP)), a composite material of lithium iron phosphate and carbon, lithium manganese phosphate (such as LiMnPO 4 ), a composite material of lithium manganese phosphate and carbon, lithium iron manganese phosphate, and a composite material of lithium iron manganese phosphate and carbon.
  • lithium iron phosphate such as LiFePO 4 (also referred to as LFP)
  • LiMnPO 4 lithium manganese phosphate
  • LiMnPO 4 lithium manganese phosphate
  • LiMnPO 4 lithium manganese phosphate and carbon
  • lithium transition metal oxides may include, but are not limited to, lithium cobalt oxide (such as LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickel oxide (such as LiNiO 2 ), lithium manganese oxide (such as LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 ), lithium nickel cobalt oxide, lithium manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (such as LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (also referred to as NCM 333 ), LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 (also referred to as NCM 523 ), LiNi 0.5 Co 0.25 Mn 0.25 O 2 (also referred to as NCM 211 ), LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (also referred to as NCM 622 ), LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 (also referred to as NCM 811 ), and LiNi 0.8 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (also referred to as NCM 811 ), and
  • the negative electrode sheet may include a negative electrode current collector substrate.
  • the negative electrode current collector substrate can be a metal foil, a foamed metal or a composite current collector.
  • a metal foil aluminum or stainless steel treated with silver, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon electrode, carbon, nickel or titanium, etc. can be used.
  • the foamed metal can be a foamed nickel, a foamed copper, a foamed aluminum, a foamed alloy, or a foamed carbon, etc.
  • the composite current collector may include a polymer material base and a metal layer.
  • the composite current collector may be formed by placing a metal material (copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.).
  • a metal material copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.
  • a polymer material substrate such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet may include a negative electrode current collector substrate and a negative electrode active material layer disposed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector substrate.
  • the negative electrode current collector substrate has two surfaces facing each other in its thickness direction, and the negative electrode active material layer is disposed on any one or both of the two facing surfaces of the negative electrode current collector substrate.
  • the negative electrode active material layer may adopt the negative electrode active material layer for battery cells known in the art.
  • the negative electrode active material layer may include at least one of the following materials: artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, and lithium titanate.
  • the silicon-based material may be selected from elemental silicon, silicon oxide compounds, At least one of a silicon-carbon composite, a silicon-nitrogen composite, and a silicon alloy.
  • the tin-based material may be selected from at least one of elemental tin, a tin oxide compound, and a tin alloy.
  • the present disclosure is not limited to these materials, and other conventional materials that can be used as a negative electrode active material layer of a battery may also be used. These negative electrode active material layers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector substrate may be aluminum, and the material of the negative electrode current collector substrate may be copper.
  • the separator is a separator.
  • the present disclosure has no particular limitation on the type of separator, and any known separator with a porous structure having good chemical stability and mechanical stability can be selected.
  • the main material of the separator can be selected from at least one of glass fiber, non-woven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and ceramic.
  • the separator can be a single-layer film or a multi-layer composite film, without particular limitation. When the separator is a multi-layer composite film, the materials of each layer can be the same or different, without particular limitation.
  • the separator can be a separate component located between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, or it can be located between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet and attached to the surface of the positive electrode sheet and/or the surface of the negative electrode sheet.
  • the separator is a solid electrolyte, which is disposed between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet and plays the role of transmitting ions and isolating the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the battery cell further includes an electrolyte, which plays a role of conducting ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • an electrolyte which plays a role of conducting ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the present disclosure has no specific restrictions on the type of electrolyte, which can be selected according to needs.
  • the electrolyte can be liquid, gel or solid.
  • the liquid electrolyte includes an electrolyte salt and a solvent.
  • the electrolyte salt can be selected from at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluorooxalatoborate, lithium dioxalatoborate, lithium difluorodioxalatophosphate, and lithium tetrafluorooxalatophosphate.
  • the solvent can be selected from at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, butylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, 1,4-butyrolactone, cyclopentane, dimethyl sulfone, methyl ethyl sulfone and diethyl sulfone.
  • the solvent can also be selected from ether solvents.
  • Ether solvents can include one or more of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, diphenyl ether and crown ether.
  • the gel electrolyte includes a polymer as the electrolyte skeleton network, combined with an ionic liquid-lithium salt.
  • the solid electrolyte includes a polymer solid electrolyte, an inorganic solid electrolyte, and a composite solid electrolyte.
  • the polymer solid electrolyte may be polyether (polyethylene oxide), polysiloxane, polycarbonate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, a single ion polymer, polyionic liquid-lithium salt, cellulose, and the like.
  • the inorganic solid electrolyte can be an oxide solid electrolyte (crystalline perovskite, sodium superconducting ion conductor, garnet, amorphous LiPON film), a sulfide solid electrolyte (crystalline lithium superion conductor (lithium germanium phosphosulfide, silver germanium sulfide), amorphous sulfide) and one or more of a halide solid electrolyte, a nitride solid electrolyte and a hydride solid electrolyte.
  • oxide solid electrolyte crystalline perovskite, sodium superconducting ion conductor, garnet, amorphous LiPON film
  • a sulfide solid electrolyte crystalline lithium superion conductor (lithium germanium phosphosulfide, silver germanium sulfide), amorphous sulfide) and one or more of a halide solid electrolyte, a nitride
  • the composite solid electrolyte is formed by adding an inorganic solid electrolyte filler to a polymer solid electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly may be flat.
  • the battery cell may be a prismatic battery cell, a soft pack battery cell, or a battery cell of other shapes.
  • the battery cell may include a housing.
  • the housing is used to encapsulate components such as the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
  • the housing may be a steel housing, an aluminum housing, a plastic housing (such as polypropylene), a composite metal housing (such as a copper-aluminum composite housing), or an aluminum-plastic film.
  • the battery cell may be a soft-pack battery cell or a hard-shell battery cell.
  • the hard-shell battery cell may be a prismatic battery cell, such as a square-shell battery cell, a blade-shaped battery cell, or a multi-prismatic battery.
  • the multi-prismatic battery may be, for example, a hexagonal battery.
  • the battery may include at least one battery module.
  • the battery module may include a plurality of battery cells connected in series, in parallel, or in hybrid.
  • the battery module may be housed in a box to form a battery.
  • the box may serve as part of a chassis structure of a vehicle. For example, a portion of the box may become at least a portion of a floor of the vehicle, or a portion of the box may become at least a portion of a crossbeam and a longitudinal beam of the vehicle.
  • the battery may be an energy storage device, which includes an energy storage container, an energy storage cabinet, and the like.
  • the split cushions between two adjacent cells in the battery are spliced into a square-shaped component.
  • This type of cushion component requires more cushion materials, which is more expensive.
  • the split cushions need to be assembled and connected to each other, which is more complicated in structure, increases the difficulty of production and assembly, and is not easy to control assembly accuracy.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a battery and an electrical device that can reduce the amount of cushion material used, thereby helping to reduce costs.
  • a battery comprising: a plurality of battery cells; and a buffer assembly located between relative surfaces of two adjacent battery cells among the plurality of battery cells, wherein the buffer assembly comprises at least two buffer pads, the at least two buffer pads are arranged at intervals along at least a first direction, and their projection ranges in the first direction do not overlap, and the first direction is parallel to at least one of the relative surfaces.
  • a buffer component is arranged between the relative surfaces of two adjacent battery cells.
  • the buffering effect of the buffer component can alleviate the impact of the expansion force on the battery and absorb the assembly differences between the battery cells when assembling the battery.
  • the buffer component can form a hollow part between the buffer pads by setting at least two buffer pads arranged at intervals in the first direction and with non-overlapping projection ranges, which can easily absorb the expansion and deformation of the battery cells.
  • the buffer pads arranged at intervals in this embodiment can reduce the amount of buffer pad materials used, reduce costs, and do not require assembly, thereby reducing the difficulty of battery assembly and the requirements for assembly accuracy.
  • the battery of the disclosed embodiment may include a case and a battery pack of a plurality of battery cells.
  • the case is used to provide a storage space for a plurality of battery cells.
  • the battery may include a case and a battery module.
  • the case is used to provide a storage space for the battery module, and the battery module is installed in the case.
  • the case may be made of metal.
  • the battery module may include a plurality of battery cells connected in series, in parallel or in mixed connection.
  • a battery cell is the smallest unit that constitutes a battery.
  • a battery cell includes an electrode assembly that can undergo an electrochemical reaction.
  • the battery of the embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied to various types of electrical equipment using batteries.
  • Electrical equipment can be mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, battery cars, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and electric tools, etc.
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecrafts, etc.
  • Electric toys include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • Electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators and electric planers.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure does not impose any special restrictions on the above-mentioned electrical equipment.
  • the battery can be used to power electrical equipment such as vehicles, for example, to provide power for vehicle control or power for driving.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of some embodiments of the electric device according to the present disclosure.
  • the electric device is a vehicle as an example for description.
  • the vehicle 50 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, etc.
  • a battery 40 can be set at the bottom or the front or the rear of the vehicle 50.
  • the battery 40 can be used to power the vehicle 50.
  • the battery 40 can be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 50 and for the circuit system of the vehicle 50, such as for starting, navigating, and operating the vehicle 50.
  • the battery 40 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 50, but also as a driving power source for the vehicle 50, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving force for the vehicle 50.
  • the vehicle 50 may also be provided with axles, wheels, motors, and controllers, and the controller is used to control the power supplied by the battery 40 to the motor.
  • the battery 40 replaces or partially replaces fuel or natural gas to provide the motor with the power required for uniform speed and acceleration.
  • the motor is used to drive the axle to rotate, thereby driving the wheels to rotate.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded view of some embodiments of the battery of the present disclosure.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of multiple battery modules and heat exchangers in some embodiments of the battery of the present disclosure.
  • the battery 40 includes a battery module 41, a box body 42, and a box cover 45 covering the open side of the box body 42.
  • the box body 42 and the box cover 45 can provide a storage space for the battery module 41, and provide functions such as sealing and anti-collision, and can also prevent liquids or other foreign matter from adversely affecting the charging, discharging or safety of the battery module.
  • the box body 42 and the box cover 45 can be in various shapes, such as a cuboid or a cylinder.
  • the box body 42 can be a hollow structure with one side open, and the box cover 45 can also be a hollow structure with one side open, and the open side of the box cover 45 covers the open side of the box body 42 to form an internal accommodation space.
  • the box cover 45 is a plate-like structure and covers the open side of the box body 41 to form an internal accommodation space.
  • the battery 40 may include a plurality of battery modules 41, and the plurality of battery modules 41 may be arranged in the box 42 along at least one of the length direction and the width direction of the box 42. A row of battery modules 41. As required, one or more layers of battery modules 41 may be arranged in the height direction of the battery 40.
  • the battery 40 further includes a heat exchanger 44.
  • the heat exchanger 44 is disposed in the box 42 and can be connected to each battery module 41 on the upper side thereof through a heat conductive adhesive 44.
  • the heat exchanger 44 can cool and dissipate heat for the battery module, for example, the heat exchanger 44 includes a water cooling plate, etc.
  • the battery includes a plurality of battery cells, and the plurality of battery cells may be arranged in the casing along at least one of the length direction and the width direction of the casing. As required, one or more layers of battery cells may also be provided in the height direction of the battery.
  • the battery may further include a heat exchanger, which is located in the casing. The plurality of battery cells are located on the upper side of the heat exchanger and are connected to the heat exchanger by a thermally conductive adhesive. The heat exchanger may cool and dissipate heat for the plurality of battery cells, for example, the heat exchanger may include a water cooling plate, etc.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery module in some embodiments of the battery disclosed herein.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the installed structure of a battery module in some embodiments of the battery disclosed herein.
  • FIG6 is an enlarged schematic diagram of a portion of the structure in FIG4.
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of two adjacent battery cells and a buffer assembly therebetween in some embodiments of the battery disclosed herein.
  • the present disclosure provides a battery 41, including: a plurality of battery cells 10 and a buffer assembly 20.
  • the battery cell 10 may include an electrode assembly, an electrolyte, and a housing for accommodating the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
  • the battery cell 10 may be a square shell battery cell, or may be other structures, such as a blade-shaped battery cell, a multi-prismatic battery, etc.
  • the buffer component 20 is located between the relative surfaces of two adjacent battery cells 10 among the multiple battery cells 10.
  • the two adjacent battery cells 10 here can be a pair of battery cells among the multiple battery cells 10, or can be multiple pairs of battery cells.
  • the relative surfaces 10f and 10f' are respectively the surfaces of the two adjacent battery cells 10 that are opposite to the other battery cell.
  • the buffer component 20 can be bonded and fixed to at least one of the two adjacent battery cells 10.
  • the buffer component 20 can be made of elastic material, such as aerogel, composite fiber and other materials.
  • a buffer component is provided between the relative surfaces of two adjacent battery cells.
  • the buffering effect of the buffer component can alleviate the impact of the expansion force on the battery and absorb the assembly differences between the battery cells when assembling the battery.
  • the buffer assembly 20 includes at least two buffer pads, and the at least two buffer pads are arranged at intervals along at least a first direction z, and the projection ranges in the first direction z do not overlap, and the first direction z is parallel to at least one of the relative surfaces 10f, 10f'.
  • the relative surfaces 10f, 10f' can be parallel to each other or inclined at an angle.
  • the first direction z can be parallel to the height direction of the battery cell 10, and can also be set to other directions in other embodiments.
  • the at least two buffer pads include two buffer pads or more buffer pads, and the buffer pads are arranged at intervals in the first direction z and their projection ranges in the first direction z do not overlap, so that a hollow portion v can be formed between the buffer pads, so that the expansion deformation of the battery cell can be absorbed by the hollow portion v.
  • the buffer pads arranged at intervals in this embodiment can reduce the use of buffer pad materials. It reduces the quantity and cost, and does not require assembly, thus reducing the difficulty of battery assembly and the requirements for assembly accuracy.
  • the first direction z is parallel to the height direction of the two adjacent battery cells 10, and the at least two buffer pads include a first buffer pad 21, which is the lowest buffer pad among the at least two buffer pads, and the first buffer pad 21 is continuous in the second direction y, and the second direction y is perpendicular to the first direction z and parallel to at least one of the relative surfaces 10f, 10f'.
  • the first direction z and the second direction y are respectively parallel to the height direction and the width direction of the battery cell 10.
  • the third direction x is parallel to the thickness direction of the battery cell 10, and a plurality of battery cells 10 can be arranged in sequence along the third direction x.
  • the glue is not easy to enter the hollow area located on the upper side of the first buffer pad within the range sandwiched by two adjacent battery cells due to the blocking of the first buffer pad. This reduces the possibility of glue entering the hollow area and occupying the expansion and deformation space of the battery cell, thereby improving the buffering effect of the buffer assembly on the expansion force of the battery cell and further increasing the service life of the battery.
  • the distribution of the glue in the first direction within the range between the two adjacent battery cells will be uneven, resulting in bending stress caused by inconsistent expansion and deformation of the battery cells.
  • the first buffer pad blocks the glue on the lower side, which can improve the uniformity of the distribution of the glue in the first direction within the range between the two adjacent battery cells and reduce the bending stress caused by the expansion of the battery cells.
  • Fig. 8A is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a first buffer pad and a second buffer pad that are U-shaped and arranged inversely on a battery cell in some embodiments of the battery disclosed herein.
  • Fig. 8B is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the first buffer pad and the second buffer pad in Fig. 8A.
  • Fig. 8C is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of the first buffer pad and the second buffer pad in Fig. 8A.
  • the first buffer pad 21 includes a first buffer segment 211 , and the first buffer segment 211 has a first side 211 e adjacent to the bottom surface 13 of the battery cell 10 and parallel to the second direction y.
  • the first buffer segment has a first side edge adjacent to the bottom surface of the battery cell and parallel to the second direction, so that the first buffer pad is straight and continuous at the first side edge close to the bottom surface of the battery cell.
  • it can reduce the amount of glue entering the space enclosed by the relative surfaces, and on the other hand, it can also evenly block the glue on the lower side of the battery cell along the second direction, thereby improving the uniformity of the distribution of the glue in the second direction within the range sandwiched by two adjacent battery cells, thereby reducing the bending stress caused by the expansion of the battery cell.
  • the glue may also enter the space from the side.
  • the first buffer pad 21 further includes a second buffer segment 212 and a third buffer segment 213, both of which are connected to the first buffer segment 211 and extend in a direction away from the bottom surface 13 of the battery cell 10, and the second buffer segment 212 and the third buffer segment 213 are spaced apart along the second direction y.
  • the second buffer section and the third buffer section are both connected to the first buffer pad and extend in a direction away from the bottom surface of the battery cell, and the second buffer section and the third buffer section are spaced apart along the second direction, so that the second buffer section
  • the punch section and the third buffer section block the glue from entering the space between the second buffer section and the third buffer section from the side, thereby achieving the lateral glue blocking effect.
  • the first buffer pad can effectively reduce the amount of glue on the lower side of the battery cell that enters the space enclosed by the relative surface, thereby reducing the risk of glue occupying the space for expansion and deformation of the battery cell, thereby improving the buffering effect of the buffer assembly on the expansion force of the battery cell.
  • the second buffer segment 212 and the third buffer segment 213 are respectively connected to the two ends of the first buffer segment 211 along the second direction y.
  • the second buffer segment and the third buffer segment are connected to the two ends of the first buffer segment along the second direction, so that the second buffer segment and the third buffer segment can be closer to the side of the battery cell, reducing the amount of glue entering between the relative surfaces, reducing the risk of glue occupying the expansion and deformation space of the battery cell, thereby improving the buffering effect of the buffer assembly on the expansion force of the battery cell.
  • the second buffer segment 212 may have a second side 212e adjacent to the first side 11 of the battery cell 10 and parallel to the first side 11, and the third buffer segment 213 may have a third side 213e adjacent to the second side 12 of the battery cell 10 and parallel to the second side 12, and the first side 11 and the second side 12 are both connected to the bottom surface 13 and are opposite to each other along the second direction y.
  • the first buffer pad has straight edges on both sides and the bottom, which can more effectively reduce the amount of glue entering between the opposite surfaces and improve the distribution uniformity of the glue in the first direction and the second direction within the range sandwiched by two adjacent battery cells compared to non-straight edges.
  • the cross-section of the first buffer pad 21 in the third direction x is U-shaped, and the U-shape has a vertically upward opening, and the third direction x is perpendicular to both the first direction z and the second direction y.
  • no other buffer segments are arranged between the second buffer segment 212 and the third buffer segment 213 connected at both ends of the first buffer segment 211.
  • Such a U-shaped first buffer pad can reduce the amount of buffer pad material used to a greater extent, reduce costs, and can achieve a glue blocking effect through the three adjacent sides of the U-shape, reducing the amount of glue entering between the relative surfaces.
  • This U-shaped first buffer pad can be cut through typesetting layout, effectively improving material utilization.
  • a ratio h/w of a maximum dimension h of the first buffer pad 21 in the first direction z to a maximum dimension w of the first buffer pad 21 in the second direction y satisfies: 0.05 ⁇ h/w ⁇ 10.
  • the ratio h/w For the U-shaped first buffer, if the ratio h/w is too large, more buffer material is needed. If it is too small, the lateral glue blocking effect is relatively limited, and there is a risk that more glue will enter between the opposite surfaces from the side and occupy the expansion and deformation space of the battery cell. Therefore, by making the ratio h/w satisfy 0.05 ⁇ h/w ⁇ 10, the glue blocking effect of the first buffer and the saving of material consumption can be taken into account.
  • the ratio h/w satisfies: 0.1 ⁇ h/w ⁇ 5, for example, h/w is equal to 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.
  • the rubber blocking function of the first cushion can be more effectively achieved, and the amount of cushion material used can be saved, thereby reducing costs.
  • the at least two buffer pads further include a second buffer pad 22.
  • the second buffer pad 22 is located on a side of the first center plane CP1 of the battery cell 10 away from the first buffer pad 21, and the first center plane CP1 extends from the top of the battery cell 10 along the first direction z to the bottom of the battery cell 10. The distances between the surface 14 and the bottom surface 13 are equal.
  • the battery cell is divided by the first center plane, and the second buffer pad and the first buffer pad are located on both sides of the first center plane. This is conducive to making the buffering effect of the buffer assembly uniform in the first direction, alleviating the impact of the expansion force on the battery, and more evenly absorbing the assembly differences between the battery cells when assembling the battery.
  • the second buffer pad 22 is the same as the first buffer pad 21, and is arranged opposite to the first buffer pad 21 in the first direction z.
  • the same here means that the second buffer pad 22 is the same as the first buffer pad 21 not only in shape, but also in size in all directions.
  • first buffer pad 21 and the second buffer pad 22 can be used as the first buffer pad 21 and the second buffer pad 22 respectively, thereby improving manufacturing efficiency; moreover, the first buffer pad 21 and the second buffer pad 22 arranged in opposite directions in the first direction z can achieve a more uniform buffering effect in the first direction z, effectively alleviating the influence of the expansion force on the battery.
  • Fig. 9A is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a U-shaped first buffer pad and a rectangular second buffer pad on a battery cell in some embodiments of the battery disclosed herein.
  • Fig. 9B is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the first buffer pad and the second buffer pad in Fig. 9A.
  • Fig. 9C is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of the first buffer pad and the second buffer pad in Fig. 9A.
  • Figures 9A to 9C show another structure of the second buffer pad 22'.
  • the cross-section of the second buffer pads 22, 22' in the third direction x is rectangular, and the third direction x is perpendicular to both the first direction z and the second direction y.
  • the second buffer pad 22' does not need to meet the requirement of side glue blocking, so a rectangular cross-section structure can be adopted, so that a larger buffer pad material can be cut with a higher density, which is conducive to reducing material waste.
  • the first buffer pad 21 includes a first buffer segment 211, a second buffer segment 212, and a third buffer segment 213, the first buffer segment 211 has a first side 211e adjacent to the bottom surface 13 of the battery cell 10 and parallel to the second direction y, the second buffer segment 212 and the third buffer segment 213 are both connected to the first buffer segment 211 and extend in a direction away from the bottom surface 13 of the battery cell 10.
  • the second buffer segment 212 and the third buffer segment 213 are spaced apart along the second direction y.
  • the maximum dimension d1 of the portion of the first buffer segment 211 between the second buffer segment 212 and the third buffer segment 213 in the first direction z, the maximum dimension d2 of the second buffer segment 212 in the second direction y, and the maximum dimension d3 of the third buffer segment 213 in the second direction y are all smaller than the maximum dimension d4 of the second buffer pads 22, 22' in the first direction z.
  • the second buffer pad 22' when its lower side adopts the first buffer pad 21 including a first buffer segment 211 and a second buffer segment 212 and a third buffer segment 213 connected to the first buffer segment 211, by making the maximum dimension d4 of the second buffer pad 22' in the first direction z larger than the dimensions of the first buffer segment 211, the second buffer segment 212 and the third buffer segment 213 in the direction perpendicular to their extension directions, it is beneficial for the first buffer pad 21 to use less buffer pad material and reduce costs.
  • the first cushion 21 and the second cushion 22 may be identical, so that the cross-sectional shapes in the third direction x are identical and the areas are equal.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the first buffer pad 21 and the second buffer pads 22, 22' in the third direction x can be equal, and the third direction x is perpendicular to both the first direction z and the second direction y.
  • the buffering effect of the expansion force of the first buffer pad 21 and the second buffer pads 22, 22' during the use of the battery can be more consistent, reducing the bending stress caused by the expansion of the battery cell.
  • the buffer assembly 20 may be symmetrical with respect to a first center plane CP1 passing through the battery cell 10, and the first center plane CP1 is equidistant from the top surface 14 and the bottom surface 13 of the battery cell 10 along the first direction z.
  • the buffer assembly 20 may also be symmetrical with respect to a second center plane CP2 passing through the battery cell 10, and the second center plane CP2 is equidistant from the first side surface 11 and the second side surface 12 of the battery cell along the second direction y.
  • the second direction y is perpendicular to the first direction z and parallel to at least one of the opposing surfaces 10f, 10f', and the first side surface 11 and the second side surface 12 are opposite along the second direction y.
  • the buffer assembly 20 having the first buffer pad 21 and the second buffer pad 22 is symmetrical with respect to both the first center plane CP1 and the second center plane CP2 of the battery cell 10 .
  • the buffer assembly 20 having the first buffer pad 21 and the second buffer pad 22 is symmetrical with respect to the second center plane CP2 of the battery cell 10 .
  • the buffering effect of the expansion force of the first buffer pad 21 and the second buffer pad during the use of the battery can be more consistent, thereby reducing the bending stress caused by the expansion of the battery cell.
  • the plurality of battery cells 10 may include at least one battery cell group, and the battery may include at least one battery module 41, corresponding to the at least one battery cell group.
  • Each battery module 41 may include two end plates 31, a band 32 and a corresponding battery cell group, and the battery cells 10 in each battery cell group are arranged along a third direction x, and the third direction x is perpendicular to at least one of the relative surfaces 10f, 10f', and the buffer assembly 20 is bonded to both the relative surfaces 10f, 10f'.
  • the two end plates 31 are respectively located on both sides of the corresponding battery cell group along the third direction x.
  • the band 32 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the two end plates 31 to clamp the two end plates 31 and the corresponding battery cell group.
  • the end plate 31 may be made of metal or alloy material, such as an aluminum alloy end plate, to reduce weight and increase strength.
  • the band 32 may be made of metal, alloy or composite material, such as a steel band.
  • the battery module 41 may use two bands 32 arranged at intervals along the first direction z, or may use one band 32 or more bands 32.
  • a groove structure for the band 32 to be embedded in a partial depth may be provided on the end plate 31, so that the band 32 can stably and reliably fix the column end plate 31 and multiple battery cells 10, and is not easy to loosen from the battery module 41.
  • the overall strength of the battery module can be improved and the risk of cracking of the battery module due to large expansion of the battery cells can be reduced.
  • the battery 40 further includes a housing 42 and a heat exchanger 43.
  • the housing 42 accommodates at least one battery module 41.
  • the heat exchanger 43 is located in the housing 42.
  • the at least one battery module 41 is located The upper side of the heat exchanger 43 is connected to the heat exchanger 43 through the heat conductive adhesive 44.
  • at least the buffer pad in the battery module can also block the amount of heat conductive adhesive entering the glue between the opposite surfaces of two adjacent battery cells, reducing the risk of glue occupying the expansion and deformation space of the battery cells.
  • the battery 40 further includes a housing 42 and a heat exchanger 43.
  • the housing 42 accommodates the plurality of battery cells 10.
  • the heat exchanger 43 is located in the housing 42.
  • the plurality of battery cells 10 are located on the upper side of the heat exchanger 43 and are connected to the heat exchanger 43 by a thermally conductive adhesive 44.
  • the buffer pad can also block the amount of glue that the thermally conductive adhesive 44 enters between the relative surfaces of two adjacent battery cells 10, thereby reducing the risk of glue occupying the space for expansion and deformation of the battery cells.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electric device, comprising a battery 40 according to any of the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the electric device using the above-mentioned battery is conducive to reducing costs.
  • the battery 40 includes a plurality of battery modules 41.
  • the battery module 41 includes: a plurality of battery cells 10, a buffer assembly 20, two end plates 31 and a band 32.
  • the plurality of battery cells 10 are arranged along a third direction x.
  • the buffer assembly 20 is located between the relative surfaces 10f and 10f' of two adjacent battery cells 10 among the plurality of battery cells 10.
  • the buffer assembly 20 is bonded to the relative surfaces 10f and 10f'.
  • the plurality of battery cells 10 are respectively located on both sides of the plurality of battery cells 10 along the third direction x.
  • the band 32 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the two end plates 31 to clamp the two end plates 31 and the plurality of battery cells 10.
  • the buffer assembly 20 includes a first buffer pad 21 and a second buffer pad 22 arranged at intervals along a first direction z.
  • the projection ranges of the first buffer pad 21 and the second buffer pad 22 in the first direction z do not overlap.
  • the cross section of the first buffer pad 21 in the third direction x is U-shaped, and the U-shape has an opening vertically upward.
  • the second buffer pad 22 is the same as the first buffer pad 21 and is disposed opposite to the first buffer pad 21 in the first direction z.
  • the second buffer pad 22 is located on a side of the first center plane CP1 of the battery cell 10 away from the first buffer pad 21 .
  • the buffer assembly 20 is symmetrical with respect to a first center plane CP1 passing through the battery cell 10, and is also symmetrical with respect to a second center plane CP2 passing through the battery cell 10.
  • the first center plane CP1 is equidistant from the top surface 14 and the bottom surface 13 of the battery cell 10 along the first direction z
  • the second center plane CP2 is equidistant from the first side surface 11 and the second side surface 12 of the battery cell along the second direction y.

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Abstract

一种电池以及用电装置。电池包括：多个电池单体(10)；和缓冲组件(20)，位于多个电池单体(10)中相邻两个电池单体(10)的相对表面(10f；10f')之间，其中，缓冲组件(20)包括至少两个缓冲垫，至少两个缓冲垫至少沿第一方向(z)间隔排布，且在第一方向(z)上的投影范围不重叠，第一方向(z)与相对表面(10f；10f')中的至少一个平行。

Description

电池以及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是以申请号为202310813088.8，申请日为2023年7月4日的中国专利申请为基础，并主张其优先权，该中国专利申请的公开内容在此作为整体引入本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池以及用电装置。
背景技术
二次电池尤其是锂离子电池具有电压高、比能量大、循环寿命长、绿色无污染、工作温度范围宽及自放电小等优点，在便携式电子设备、储能装置及大型新能源电动汽车的动力设备方面得到广泛应用，对解决人类环境污染和能源危机有着重大意义。随着锂离子电池的广泛应用，电池成本降低成为生产者密切关注的问题。
发明内容
在本公开的一个方面，提供一种电池，包括：多个电池单体；和缓冲组件，位于所述多个电池单体中相邻两个电池单体的相对表面之间，其中，所述缓冲组件包括至少两个缓冲垫，所述至少两个缓冲垫至少沿第一方向间隔排布，且在所述第一方向上的投影范围不重叠，所述第一方向与所述相对表面中的至少一个平行。
由于电池单体在电池的使用过程中产生膨胀力，在相邻两个电池单体的相对表面之间设置缓冲组件，可通过缓冲组件的缓冲作用缓解膨胀力对电池的影响，并吸收组装电池时电池单体之间的组装工差。缓冲组件通过设置在第一方向上间隔排布且投影范围不重叠的至少两个缓冲垫，可以在缓冲垫之间形成中空部分，易吸收电池单体的膨胀变形。相比于相关技术中通过装配形成的封闭形状的缓冲组件来说，本实施例间隔设置的缓冲垫能够减少缓冲垫材料用量，降低成本，并且无需装配，降低电池的组装难度和对装配精度的要求。
在一些实施例中，所述第一方向与所述相邻两个电池单体的高度方向平行，所述至少两个缓冲垫包括第一缓冲垫，所述第一缓冲垫为所述至少两个缓冲垫中的最下侧的缓冲垫，所述第一缓冲垫在第二方向上是连续的，所述第二方向与所述第一方向垂直，且平行于所述相对表面中的至少一个。
对于位于至少两个缓冲垫中的最下侧的第一缓冲垫来说，通过使其在第二方向上连续，使得电池单体在下侧涂胶时，胶水在第一缓冲垫的阻挡下不容易进入相邻两个电池单体所夹范围位于第一缓冲垫上侧的中空区域，这样就降低了胶水进入中空区域而占用电池单体膨胀变形空间的可能性，从而改善缓冲组件对电池单体膨胀力的缓冲 作用，进而提升电池的使用寿命。另外，胶水如果进入中空区域比较靠下的位置，则会使得相邻两个电池单体所夹范围内胶水在第一方向上的分布不均匀，导致电池单体上下膨胀变形量不一致时带来的弯曲应力。通过第一缓冲垫对下侧胶水的阻挡作用，可以改善胶水在相邻两个电池单体所夹范围内在第一方向上的分布均匀性，降低电池单体膨胀时带来的弯曲应力。
在一些实施例中，所述第一缓冲垫包括第一缓冲段，第一缓冲段具有与所述电池单体的底面相邻，且与所述第二方向平行的第一侧边。
第一缓冲段具有与电池单体底面相邻且与第二方向平行的第一侧边，这使得第一缓冲垫在靠近电池单体底面的第一侧边是平直且连续的，一方面能够减少进入相对表面所围出空间的胶水量，另一方面也可使电池单体下侧的胶水沿第二方向被均匀地阻挡，改善胶水在相邻两个电池单体所夹范围内在第二方向上的分布均匀性，从而降低电池单体膨胀时带来的弯曲应力。
在一些实施例中，所述第一缓冲垫还包括第二缓冲段和第三缓冲段，均与所述第一缓冲段连接，且沿远离所述电池单体的底面的方向延伸，所述第二缓冲段和所述第三缓冲段沿所述第二方向间隔设置。
第二缓冲段和第三缓冲段均与第一缓冲垫连接且沿远离所述电池单体的底面的方向延伸，并且第二缓冲段和所述第三缓冲段沿所述第二方向间隔设置，这样第二缓冲段和第三缓冲段阻挡胶水从侧向进入第二缓冲段和第三缓冲段之间的空间，实现侧向挡胶的作用，再配合着第一缓冲段所实现的下侧挡胶作用，第一缓冲垫能够有效地减少电池单体下侧的胶水进入相对表面所围出空间的胶水量，降低胶水占用电池单体膨胀变形空间的风险，从而改善缓冲组件对电池单体膨胀力的缓冲作用。
在一些实施例中，所述第二缓冲段和所述第三缓冲段分别与所述第一缓冲段沿所述第二方向的两端连接。
将第二缓冲段和第三缓冲段连接在第一缓冲段沿第二方向的两端，可以使第二缓冲段和第三缓冲段更靠近电池单体的侧面，减少进入相对表面之间的胶水量，降低胶水占用电池单体膨胀变形空间的风险，从而改善缓冲组件对电池单体膨胀力的缓冲作用。
在一些实施例中，所述第二缓冲段具有与所述电池单体的第一侧面相邻且与所述第一侧面平行的第二侧边，所述第三缓冲段具有与所述电池单体的第二侧面相邻且与所述第二侧面平行的第三侧边，所述第一侧面和所述第二侧面均与所述底面连接，并沿所述第二方向相对。
这种第一缓冲垫具有两侧和下方的平直边，相比于非平直边能够更有效减少进入相对表面之间的胶水量，并改善胶水在相邻两个电池单体所夹范围内在第一方向和第二方向上的分布均匀性。
在一些实施例中，所述第一缓冲垫在第三方向上的横截面呈U形，所述U形具有竖直向上的开口，所述第三方向与所述第一方向和所述第二方向均垂直。
呈U形的第一缓冲垫能够更大程度地减少缓冲垫材料的使用量，降低成本，并能够通过U形的三个相邻侧边来实现挡胶作用，减少进入相对表面之间的胶水量。
在一些实施例中，所述第一缓冲垫在所述第一方向上的最大尺寸h和所述第一缓冲垫在所述第二方向上的最大尺寸w的比值h/w满足：0.05≤h/w≤10。
对于呈U形的第一缓冲垫来说，比值h/w如果过大，则需要较多的缓冲垫材料，如果过小，则侧向挡胶作用较为有限，存在较多胶水从侧方进入相对表面之间而占用电池单体膨胀变形空间的风险。因此，通过使比值h/w满足0.05≤h/w≤10，可以兼顾第一缓冲垫的挡胶作用和材料用量的节省。
在一些实施例中，所述比值h/w满足：0.1≤h/w≤5。
通过进一步限定比值h/w满足0.1≤h/w≤5，可以更有效地实现第一缓冲垫的挡胶作用，并节省缓冲垫材料用量，降低成本。
在一些实施例中，所述至少两个缓冲垫还包括第二缓冲垫，所述第二缓冲垫位于所述电池单体的第一中心面远离所述第一缓冲垫的一侧，所述第一中心面沿所述第一方向到所述电池单体的顶面和底面的距离相等。
以电池单体的第一中心面进行划分，第二缓冲垫和第一缓冲垫位于第一中心面的两侧，这样有利于使缓冲组件在第一方向上的缓冲作用均匀，缓解膨胀力对电池的影响，并更均匀地吸收组装电池时电池单体之间的组装工差。
在一些实施例中，所述第二缓冲垫与所述第一缓冲垫相同，且与所述第一缓冲垫在所述第一方向上反向设置。
通过使第二缓冲垫与所述第一缓冲垫相同，并反向设置，这样有利于批量制造缓冲垫，并分别作为第一缓冲垫和第二缓冲垫使用，提高制造效率；而且，在所述第一方向上反向设置的第一缓冲垫和第二缓冲垫能够在第一方向上实现更均匀的缓冲作用，有效地缓解膨胀力对电池的影响。
在一些实施例中，所述第二缓冲垫在第三方向上的横截面呈矩形，所述第三方向与所述第一方向和所述第二方向均垂直。
考虑到对于下侧涂胶的电池单体来说，第二缓冲垫无需满足侧面挡胶的需求，因此可采用矩形横截面的结构，这样可以在更大的缓冲垫材料以更大密度进行裁剪，有利于减少材料的浪费。
在一些实施例中，所述第一缓冲垫包括第一缓冲段、第二缓冲段和第三缓冲段，第一缓冲段具有与所述电池单体的底面相邻，且与所述第二方向平行的第一侧边，所述第二缓冲段和所述第三缓冲段均与所述第一缓冲段连接，且沿远离所述电池单体的底面的方向延伸，所述第二缓冲段和所述第三缓冲段沿所述第二方向间隔设置；所述第一缓冲段位于所述第二缓冲段和所述第三缓冲段之间的部分在所述第一方向上的最大尺寸d1、所述第二缓冲段在所述第二方向上的最大尺寸d2和所述第三缓冲段在所述第二方向上的最大尺寸d3均小于所述第二缓冲垫在所述第一方向上的最大尺寸d4。
对于横截面呈矩形的第二缓冲垫来说，如果其下侧采用包括第一缓冲段和与第一缓冲段连接的第二缓冲段和第三缓冲段的第一缓冲垫，则可使得第二缓冲垫在所述第一方向上的最大尺寸d4均大于第一缓冲段、第二缓冲段和第三缓冲段各自在其延伸方向的垂直方向上的尺寸，这样有利于第一缓冲垫采用较少的缓冲垫材料，降低成本。
在一些实施例中，所述第一缓冲垫与所述第二缓冲垫在第三方向上的横截面面积相等，所述第三方向与所述第一方向和所述第二方向均垂直。
通过使所述第一缓冲垫与所述第二缓冲垫在第三方向上的横截面面积相等，可使得第一缓冲垫和所述第二缓冲垫在电池使用过程中的膨胀力的缓冲作用更加一致，降低电池单体膨胀时带来的弯曲应力。
在一些实施例中，所述缓冲组件相对于通过所述电池单体的第一中心面对称，所述第一中心面沿所述第一方向到所述电池单体的顶面和底面的距离相等；和/或，所述缓冲组件相对于通过所述电池单体的第二中心面对称，所述第二中心面沿所述第二方向到所述电池单体的第一侧面和第二侧面的距离相等，所述第二方向与所述第一方向垂直，且平行于所述相对表面中的至少一个，所述第一侧面和所述第二侧面沿所述第二方向相对。
通过使缓冲组件相对于电池单体的第一中心面或者第二中心面对称，或者相对于电池单体的第一中心面和第二中心面均对称，可以使第一缓冲垫和第二缓冲垫在电池使用过程中的膨胀力的缓冲作用更加一致，降低电池单体膨胀时带来的弯曲应力。
在一些实施例中，所述多个电池单体包括至少一个电池单体组，所述电池包括至少一个电池模组，与所述至少一个电池单体组一一对应，每个电池模组包括两个端板、箍带和对应的电池单体组，每个电池单体组中的各个电池单体沿第三方向排布，所述第三方向与所述相对表面中的至少一个垂直，所述缓冲组件与所述相对表面均粘接，所述两个端板沿所述第三方向分别位于所述对应的电池单体组的两侧，所述箍带套在所述两个端板的外周，以箍紧所述两个端板和所述对应的电池单体组。
对于包括电池模组的电池来说，通过在电池模组中设置位于电池单体组两侧的两个端板，并通过箍带进行箍紧，这样能够提高电池模组整体的强度，降低因电池单体膨胀较大而造成电池模组开裂的风险。
在一些实施例中，所述电池还包括：箱体，容纳所述至少一个电池模组；和换热件，位于所述箱体内；其中，所述至少一个电池模组位于所述换热件的上侧，并与所述换热件通过导热胶连接。
对于通过导热胶实现换热件与多个电池模组的连接，电池模组中的缓冲垫还能够阻挡导热胶进入相邻两个电池单体的相对表面之间的胶水量，降低胶水占用电池单体膨胀变形空间的风险。
在一些实施例中，所述电池还包括：箱体，容纳所述多个电池单体；和换热件，位于所述箱体内；其中，所述多个电池单体位于所述换热件的上侧，并与所述换热件通过导热胶连接。
对于通过导热胶实现换热件与多个电池单体的连接，缓冲垫还能够阻挡导热胶进入相邻两个电池单体的相对表面之间的胶水量，降低胶水占用电池单体膨胀变形空间的风险。
在本公开的一个方面，提供一种用电装置，包括：前述的电池。
采用上述电池的用电装置有利于降低成本。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对本公开实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
参照附图，根据下面的详细描述，可以更加清楚地理解本公开，其中：
图1是根据本公开用电设备的一些实施例的结构示意图；
图2是根据本公开电池的一些实施例的分解示意图；
图3是根据本公开电池的一些实施例中多个电池模组与换热件的连接结构示意图；
图4是根据本公开电池的一些实施例中电池模组的分解结构示意图；
图5是根据本公开电池的一些实施例中电池模组的安装结构示意图；
图6是图4中部分结构的放大示意图；
图7是根据本公开电池的一些实施例中两个相邻电池单体和两者之间缓冲组件的示意图；
图8A是根据本公开电池的一些实施例中呈U形且反向设置的第一缓冲垫和第二缓冲垫在电池单体上的设置示意图；
图8B是图8A中第一缓冲垫和第二缓冲垫的立体结构示意图；
图8C是图8A中第一缓冲垫和第二缓冲垫的尺寸示意图；
图9A是根据本公开电池的一些实施例中呈U形的第一缓冲垫和呈矩形的第二缓冲垫在电池单体上的设置示意图；
图9B是图9A中第一缓冲垫和第二缓冲垫的立体结构示意图；
图9C是图9A中第一缓冲垫和第二缓冲垫的尺寸示意图。
应当明白，附图中所示出的各个部分的尺寸并不是按照实际的比例关系绘制的。此外，相同或类似的参考标号表示相同或类似的构件。
附图标记说明：
10-电池单体；10f、10f’-相对表面；11-第一侧面；12-第二侧面；13-底面；14-顶
面；
20-缓冲组件；21-第一缓冲垫；211-第一缓冲段；211e-第一侧边；212-第二缓冲段；
212e-第二侧边；213-第三缓冲段；213e-第三侧边；22、22’-第二缓冲垫；
31-端板；32-箍带；
40-电池；41-电池模组；42-箱体；43-换热件；44-导热胶；45-箱盖；
50-车辆；
z-第一方向；y-第二方向；x-第三方向；CP1-第一中心面；CP2-第二中心面。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本公开的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本公开的原理，但不能用来限制本公开的范围，即本公开不限于所描述的实施例。
在本公开的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本公开的具体结构进行限定。在本公开的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。
下面结合附图，对本发明的一些实施方式作详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
本公开中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本公开实施例中，电池中的电池单体可以为二次电池，二次电池是指在电池单体放电后可通过充电的方式使活性材料激活而继续使用的电池单体。
电池单体可以为锂离子电池、钠离子电池、钠锂离子电池、锂金属电池、钠金属电池、锂硫电池、镁离子电池、镍氢电池、镍镉电池、铅蓄电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。
电池单体包括电极组件。电极组件包括极性相反的第一极片和第二极片，还包括设置在第一极片和第二极片之间的隔离件。在一些实施例中，第一极片为正极极片，第二极片为负极极片。在另一些实施例中，第一极片为负极极片，第二极片为正极极片。在电池单体充放电过程中，活性离子(例如锂离子)在正极极片和负极极片之间往返嵌入和脱出。隔离件设置在正极极片和负极极片之间，可以起到防止正负极短路的作用，同时可以使活性离子通过。
在一些实施方式中，正极极片可以包括正极集流体基材以及设置在正极集流体基材至少一个表面的正极活性材料层。
作为示例，正极集流体基材具有在其自身厚度方向相对的两个表面，正极活性材料层设置在正极集流体基材相对的两个表面的任意一者或两者上。
作为示例，正极集流体基材可采用金属箔片或复合集流体。例如，作为金属箔片，可采用银表面处理的铝或不锈钢、不锈钢、铜、铝、镍、炭精电极、碳、镍或钛等。复合集流体可包括高分子材料基层和金属层。复合集流体可通过将金属材料(铝、铝合金、镍、镍合金、钛、钛合金、银及银合金等)在高分子材料基材(如聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯等的基材)上而形成。
作为示例，正极活性材料层可包括以下材料中的至少一种：含锂磷酸盐、锂过渡金属氧化物及其各自的改性化合物。但本公开并不限定于这些材料，还可以使用其他可被用作电池正极活性材料层的传统材料。这些正极活性材料层可以仅单独使用一种，也可以将两种以上组合使用。其中，含锂磷酸盐的示例可包括但不限于磷酸铁锂(如LiFePO4(也可以简称为LFP))、磷酸铁锂与碳的复合材料、磷酸锰锂(如LiMnPO4)、磷酸锰锂与碳的复合材料、磷酸锰铁锂、磷酸锰铁锂与碳的复合材料中的至少一种。锂过渡金属氧化物的示例可包括但不限于锂钴氧化物(如LiCoO2)、锂镍氧化物(如LiNiO2)、锂锰氧化物(如LiMnO2、LiMn2O4)、锂镍钴氧化物、锂锰钴氧化物、锂镍锰氧化物、锂镍钴锰氧化物(如LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(也可以简称为NCM333)、LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2(也可以简称为NCM523)、LiNi0.5Co0.25Mn0.25O2(也可以简称为NCM211)、LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2(也可以简称为NCM622)、LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(也可以简称为NCM811)、锂镍钴铝氧化物(如LiNi0.85Co0.15Al0.05O2)及其改性化合物等中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中，负极极片可以包括负极集流体基材。
作为示例，负极集流体基材可采用金属箔片、泡沫金属或复合集流体。例如，作为金属箔片，可以采用银表面处理的铝或不锈钢、不锈钢、铜、铝、镍、炭精电极、用碳、镍或钛等。泡沫金属可以为泡沫镍、泡沫铜、泡沫铝、泡沫合金、或泡沫碳等。复合集流体可包括高分子材料基层和金属层。复合集流体可通过将金属材料(铜、铜合金、镍、镍合金、钛、钛合金、银及银合金等)在高分子材料基材(如聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯等的基材)上而形成。
在一些实施方式中，负极极片可以包括负极集流体基材以及设置在负极集流体基材至少一个表面上的负极活性材料层。
作为示例，负极集流体基材具有在其自身厚度方向相对的两个表面，负极活性材料层设置在负极集流体基材相对的两个表面中的任意一者或两者上。
作为示例，负极活性材料层可采用本领域公知的用于电池单体的负极活性材料层。作为示例，负极活性材料层可包括以下材料中的至少一种：人造石墨、天然石墨、软炭、硬炭、硅基材料、锡基材料和钛酸锂等。硅基材料可选自单质硅、硅氧化合物、 硅碳复合物、硅氮复合物以及硅合金中的至少一种。锡基材料可选自单质锡、锡氧化合物以及锡合金中的至少一种。但本公开并不限定于这些材料，还可以使用其他可被用作电池负极活性材料层的传统材料。这些负极活性材料层可以仅单独使用一种，也可以将两种以上组合使用。
在一些实施方式中，正极集流体基材的材料可以为铝，负极集流体基材的材料可以为铜。
在一些实施方式中，隔离件为隔离膜。本公开对隔离膜的种类没有特别的限制，可以选用任意公知的具有良好的化学稳定性和机械稳定性的多孔结构隔离膜。
作为示例，隔离膜的主要材质可选自玻璃纤维、无纺布、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、陶瓷中的至少一种。隔离膜可以是单层薄膜，也可以是多层复合薄膜，没有特别限制。在隔离膜为多层复合薄膜时，各层的材料可以相同或不同，没有特别限制。隔离件可以是单独的一个部件位于正极极片和负极极片之间，也可以在位于正极极片和负极极片之间的同时，附着在正极极片的表面和/或负极极片的表面。
在一些实施方式中，隔离件为固态电解质。固态电解质设于正极极片和负极极片之间，同时起到传输离子和隔离正负极的作用。
在一些实施方式中，电池单体还包括电解质，电解质在正、负极之间起到传导离子的作用。本公开对电解质的种类没有具体的限制，可根据需求进行选择。电解质可以是液态的、凝胶态的或固态的。
作为示例，液态电解质包括电解质盐和溶剂。
在一些实施方式中，电解质盐可选自六氟磷酸锂、四氟硼酸锂、高氯酸锂、六氟砷酸锂、双氟磺酰亚胺锂、双三氟甲磺酰亚胺锂、三氟甲磺酸锂、二氟磷酸锂、二氟草酸硼酸锂、二草酸硼酸锂、二氟二草酸磷酸锂及四氟草酸磷酸锂中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中，溶剂可选自碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸亚丙酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸甲丙酯、碳酸乙丙酯、碳酸亚丁酯、氟代碳酸亚乙酯、甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、丙酸丙酯、丁酸甲酯、丁酸乙酯、1,4-丁内酯、环丁砜、二甲砜、甲乙砜及二乙砜中的至少一种。溶剂也可选醚类溶剂。醚类溶剂可以包括乙二醇二甲醚、乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、四乙二醇二甲醚、1,3-二氧戊环、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、二苯醚及冠醚中的一种或多种。
作为示例，凝胶态电解质包括以聚合物作为电解质的骨架网络，搭配离子液体-锂盐。
作为示例，固态电解质包括聚合物固态电解质、无机固态电解质、复合固态电解质。
作为示例，聚合物固态电解质可以为聚醚(聚氧化乙烯)、聚硅氧烷、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯腈、聚偏氟乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、单离子聚合物、聚离子液体-锂盐、纤维素等。
作为示例，无机固态电解质可以为氧化物固体电解质(晶态的钙钛矿、钠超导离子导体、石榴石、非晶态的LiPON薄膜)、硫化物固体电解质(晶态的锂超离子导体(锂锗磷硫、硫银锗矿)、非晶体硫化物)以及卤化物固体电解质、氮化物固体电解质及氢化物固体电解质中的一种或多种。
作为示例，复合固态电解质通过在聚合物固体电解质中增加无机固态电解质填料形成。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件的形状可以为扁平状。电池单体可以相应地为棱柱电池单体软包电池单体或其它形状的电池单体，
在一些实施方式中，电池单体可以包括外壳。外壳用于封装电极组件及电解质等部件。外壳可以为钢壳、铝壳、塑料壳(如聚丙烯)、复合金属壳(如铜铝复合外壳)或铝塑膜等。
作为示例，电池单体可以为软包电池单体或硬壳电池单体。硬壳电池单体可以为棱柱电池单体，例如方壳电池单体、刀片形电池单体、多棱柱电池。多棱柱电池例如为六棱柱电池等。
在一些实施例中，电池可包括至少一个电池模组。电池模组可包括串联、并联或混联的多个电池单体。电池模块可容纳于箱体中，以形成电池。箱体可以作为车辆的底盘结构的一部分。例如，箱体的部分可以成为车辆的地板的至少一部分，或者，箱体的部分可以成为车辆的横梁和纵梁的至少一部分。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为储能装置。储能装置包括储能集装箱、储能电柜等。
在一些相关技术中，电池中相邻两个单体之间的分体缓冲垫拼接成一个口字形构件。这种结构的缓冲构件需要较多的缓冲垫材料，成本较高，而且分体缓冲垫相互间需要进行装配和连接，在结构上比较复杂，提高了生产组装难度，也不容易控制装配精度。
有鉴于此，本公开实施例提供一种电池以及用电装置，能够减少缓冲垫材料用量，有利于降低成本。
在本公开的一个方面，提供了一种电池，包括：多个电池单体；和缓冲组件，位于所述多个电池单体中相邻两个电池单体的相对表面之间，其中，所述缓冲组件包括至少两个缓冲垫，所述至少两个缓冲垫至少沿第一方向间隔排布，且在所述第一方向上的投影范围不重叠，所述第一方向与所述相对表面中的至少一个平行。
由于电池单体在电池的使用过程中产生膨胀力，在相邻两个电池单体的相对表面之间设置缓冲组件，可通过缓冲组件的缓冲作用缓解膨胀力对电池的影响，并吸收组装电池时电池单体之间的组装工差。缓冲组件通过设置在第一方向上间隔排布且投影范围不重叠的至少两个缓冲垫，可以在缓冲垫之间形成中空部分，易吸收电池单体的膨胀变形。相比于相关技术中通过装配形成的封闭形状的缓冲组件来说，本实施例间隔设置的缓冲垫能够减少缓冲垫材料用量，降低成本，并且无需装配，降低电池的组装难度和对装配精度的要求。
本公开实施例的电池可包括箱体和多个电池单体的电池包。箱体用于为多个电池单体提供容纳空间。在一些实施例中，电池可包括箱体和电池模组。箱体用于为电池模组提供容纳空间，电池模组安装在箱体内。箱体可采用金属材质。电池模组可包括串联、并联或混联的多个电池单体。电池单体为组成电池的最小单元。电池单体包括能够发生电化学反应的电极组件。
本公开实施例的电池可适用于各类使用电池的用电设备。用电设备可以是手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等，电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨。本公开实施例对上述用电设备不做特别限制。电池可用于车辆等用电设备的供电，例如给车辆提供操控用的电源或者驱动行驶用的电源。
图1是根据本公开用电设备的一些实施例的结构示意图。为了方便，以用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。参考图1，车辆50可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车或混合动力汽车等。在车辆50的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池40。
电池40可以用于车辆50的供电，例如，电池40可以作为车辆50的操作电源，用于车辆50的电路系统，例如用于车辆50的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。电池40不仅仅可以作为车辆50的操作电源，还可以作为车辆50的驱动电源，替代或部分替代燃油或天然气为车辆50提供驱动力。
车辆50的内部还可以设置车桥、车轮、马达以及控制器，控制器用来控制电池40给马达的供电。例如，在车辆50以电池40作为驱动电源时，电池40代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为马达提供匀速、加速的所需要的动力。马达用于驱动车桥转动，以带动车轮转动。
图2是根据本公开电池的一些实施例的分解示意图。图3是根据本公开电池的一些实施例中多个电池模组与换热件的连接结构示意图。参考图2，在一些实施例中，电池40包括电池模组41、箱体42和盖在箱体42的开口侧的箱盖45。箱体42和箱盖45可给电池模组41提供容纳空间，并提供密封及防撞击等功能，还能够避免液体或其他异物对电池模组的充放电或安全的不利影响。
箱体42和箱盖45可以是多种形状，例如长方体或圆柱体等。箱体42可以是一侧开放的空心结构，箱盖45也为一侧开放的空心结构，箱盖45的开放侧盖合于箱体42的开放侧，则形成内部的容纳空间。在另一些实施例中，箱盖45为板状结构，并盖合于箱体41的开放侧，以形成内部的容纳空间。
在一些实施例中，电池40可包括多个电池模组41，多个电池模组41可在箱体42内沿着箱体42的长度方向和宽度方向中的至少一个排布。根据实际需要可设置至少 一排电池模组41。根据需要，还可以在电池40的高度方向，也可设置一层或者多层电池模组41。
参考图2和图3，在一些实施例中，电池40还包括换热件44。换热板44设置在箱体42内，可以与其上侧的各个电池模组41通过导热胶44进行连接。换热件44可实现对电池模组的冷却散热，例如换热件44包括水冷板等。
在另一些实施例中，电池包括多个电池单体，多个电池单体可在箱体内沿着箱体的长度方向和宽度方向中的至少一个排布。根据需要，还可以在电池的高度方向，也可设置一层或者多层电池单体。进一步地，电池还可以包括换热件，换热件位于所述箱体内。所述多个电池单体位于所述换热件的上侧，并与所述换热件通过导热胶连接。换热件可实现对多个电池单体的冷却散热，例如换热件包括水冷板等。
图4是根据本公开电池的一些实施例中电池模组的分解结构示意图。图5是根据本公开电池的一些实施例中电池模组的安装结构示意图。图6是图4中部分结构的放大示意图。图7是根据本公开电池的一些实施例中两个相邻电池单体和两者之间缓冲组件的示意图。
参考图4-图7，本公开实施例提供了一种电池41，包括：多个电池单体10和缓冲组件20。电池单体10可包括电极组件、电解质和容纳电极组件和电解质的外壳。在图4-图6中，电池单体10可采用方壳电池单体，也可采用其他结构，例如刀片形电池单体、多棱柱电池等。
缓冲组件20位于所述多个电池单体10中相邻两个电池单体10的相对表面之间。这里的相邻两个电池单体10可以为多个电池单体10中的一对电池单体，也可以为多对电池单体。参考图7，相对表面10f和10f’分别为相邻两个电池单体10中与另一个电池单体相对的表面。缓冲组件20可以与相邻两个电池单体10中的至少一个进行粘接固定。缓冲组件20可采用具有弹性的材料制成，例如由气凝胶、复合纤维等材料制成。
由于电池单体在电池的使用过程中产生膨胀力，在相邻两个电池单体的相对表面之间设置缓冲组件，可通过缓冲组件的缓冲作用缓解膨胀力对电池的影响，并吸收组装电池时电池单体之间的组装工差。
所述缓冲组件20包括至少两个缓冲垫，所述至少两个缓冲垫至少沿第一方向z间隔排布，且在所述第一方向z上的投影范围不重叠，所述第一方向z与所述相对表面10f、10f’中的至少一个平行。相对表面10f、10f’可以相互平行，也可以倾斜呈夹角。第一方向z可以与电池单体10的高度方向平行，在另一些实施例中也可以设置成其他方向。
至少两个缓冲垫包括两个缓冲垫或者更多的缓冲垫，而且各个缓冲垫在第一方向z上间隔排布且在第一方向z上的投影范围不重叠，这样可以在缓冲垫之间形成中空部分v，以便通过中空部分v吸收电池单体的膨胀变形。相比于相关技术中通过装配形成的封闭形状的缓冲组件来说，本实施例间隔设置的缓冲垫能够减少缓冲垫材料用 量，降低成本，并且无需装配，降低电池的组装难度和对装配精度的要求。
参考图6和图7，在一些实施例中，所述第一方向z与所述相邻两个电池单体10的高度方向平行，所述至少两个缓冲垫包括第一缓冲垫21，所述第一缓冲垫21为所述至少两个缓冲垫中的最下侧的缓冲垫，所述第一缓冲垫21在第二方向y上是连续的，所述第二方向y与所述第一方向z垂直，且平行于所述相对表面10f、10f’中的至少一个。
对于方壳电池单体来说，第一方向z和第二方向y分别与电池单体10的高度方向和宽度方向平行。而第三方向x与电池单体10的厚度方向平行，并且多个电池单体10可沿第三方向x依次排列。
对于位于至少两个缓冲垫中的最下侧的第一缓冲垫来说，通过使其在第二方向上连续，使得电池单体在下侧涂胶例如导热胶等时，胶水在第一缓冲垫的阻挡下不容易进入相邻两个电池单体所夹范围位于第一缓冲垫上侧的中空区域，这样就降低了胶水进入中空区域而占用电池单体膨胀变形空间的可能性，从而改善缓冲组件对电池单体膨胀力的缓冲作用，进而提升电池的使用寿命。
另外，胶水如果进入中空区域比较靠下的位置，则会使得相邻两个电池单体所夹范围内胶水在第一方向上的分布不均匀，导致电池单体上下膨胀变形量不一致时带来的弯曲应力。通过第一缓冲垫对下侧胶水的阻挡作用，可以改善胶水在相邻两个电池单体所夹范围内在第一方向上的分布均匀性，降低电池单体膨胀时带来的弯曲应力。
图8A是根据本公开电池的一些实施例中呈U形且反向设置的第一缓冲垫和第二缓冲垫在电池单体上的设置示意图。图8B是图8A中第一缓冲垫和第二缓冲垫的立体结构示意图。图8C是图8A中第一缓冲垫和第二缓冲垫的尺寸示意图。
参考图6和图8A，在一些实施例中，所述第一缓冲垫21包括第一缓冲段211，第一缓冲段211具有与所述电池单体10的底面13相邻，且与所述第二方向y平行的第一侧边211e。
第一缓冲段具有与电池单体底面相邻且与第二方向平行的第一侧边，这使得第一缓冲垫在靠近电池单体底面的第一侧边是平直且连续的，一方面能够减少进入相对表面所围出空间的胶水量，另一方面也可使电池单体下侧的胶水沿第二方向被均匀地阻挡，改善胶水在相邻两个电池单体所夹范围内在第二方向上的分布均匀性，从而降低电池单体膨胀时带来的弯曲应力。
胶水除了可以从第一缓冲垫21的下侧进入相对表面所围出的空间，还可能从侧方进入该空间。参考图6和图8A，在一些实施例中，所述第一缓冲垫21还包括第二缓冲段212和第三缓冲段213，均与所述第一缓冲段211连接，且沿远离所述电池单体10的底面13的方向延伸，所述第二缓冲段212和所述第三缓冲段213沿所述第二方向y间隔设置。
第二缓冲段和第三缓冲段均与第一缓冲垫连接且沿远离所述电池单体的底面的方向延伸，并且第二缓冲段和所述第三缓冲段沿所述第二方向间隔设置，这样第二缓 冲段和第三缓冲段阻挡胶水从侧向进入第二缓冲段和第三缓冲段之间的空间，实现侧向挡胶的作用，再配合着第一缓冲段所实现的下侧挡胶作用，第一缓冲垫能够有效地减少电池单体下侧的胶水进入相对表面所围出空间的胶水量，降低胶水占用电池单体膨胀变形空间的风险，从而改善缓冲组件对电池单体膨胀力的缓冲作用。
参考图8A和图8B，在一些实施例中，所述第二缓冲段212和所述第三缓冲段213分别与所述第一缓冲段211沿所述第二方向y的两端连接。这里将第二缓冲段和第三缓冲段连接在第一缓冲段沿第二方向的两端，可以使第二缓冲段和第三缓冲段更靠近电池单体的侧面，减少进入相对表面之间的胶水量，降低胶水占用电池单体膨胀变形空间的风险，从而改善缓冲组件对电池单体膨胀力的缓冲作用。
在图6和图8A中，所述第二缓冲段212可具有与所述电池单体10的第一侧面11相邻且与所述第一侧面11平行的第二侧边212e，所述第三缓冲段213可具有与所述电池单体10的第二侧面12相邻且与所述第二侧面12平行的第三侧边213e，所述第一侧面11和所述第二侧面12均与所述底面13连接，并沿所述第二方向y相对。
这种第一缓冲垫具有两侧和下方的平直边，相比于非平直边能够更有效减少进入相对表面之间的胶水量，并改善胶水在相邻两个电池单体所夹范围内在第一方向和第二方向上的分布均匀性。
参考图6和图8A-图8C，在一些实施例中，所述第一缓冲垫21在第三方向x上的横截面呈U形，所述U形具有竖直向上的开口，所述第三方向x与所述第一方向z和所述第二方向y均垂直。相应地，第一缓冲段211两端连接的第二缓冲段212和第三缓冲段213之间不设置其他的缓冲段。这样呈U形的第一缓冲垫能够更大程度地减少缓冲垫材料的使用量，降低成本，并能够通过U形的三个相邻侧边来实现挡胶作用，减少进入相对表面之间的胶水量。这种呈U形的第一缓冲垫可通过排版布局下料，有效地提高材料利用率。
参考图8C，在一些实施例中，所述第一缓冲垫21在所述第一方向z上的最大尺寸h和所述第一缓冲垫21在所述第二方向y上的最大尺寸w的比值h/w满足：0.05≤h/w≤10。
对于呈U形的第一缓冲垫来说，比值h/w如果过大，则需要较多的缓冲垫材料，如果过小，则侧向挡胶作用较为有限，存在较多胶水从侧方进入相对表面之间而占用电池单体膨胀变形空间的风险。因此，通过使比值h/w满足0.05≤h/w≤10，可以兼顾第一缓冲垫的挡胶作用和材料用量的节省。
可选地，所述比值h/w满足：0.1≤h/w≤5，例如h/w等于0.1、0.5、1、2、3、4、5等。通过进一步限定比值h/w满足0.1≤h/w≤5，可以更有效地实现第一缓冲垫的挡胶作用，并节省缓冲垫材料用量，降低成本。
参考图6-图8B，在一些实施例中，所述至少两个缓冲垫还包括第二缓冲垫22。参考图8A，所述第二缓冲垫22位于所述电池单体10的第一中心面CP1远离所述第一缓冲垫21的一侧，所述第一中心面CP1沿所述第一方向z到所述电池单体10的顶 面14和底面13的距离相等。
以电池单体的第一中心面进行划分，第二缓冲垫和第一缓冲垫位于第一中心面的两侧，这样有利于使缓冲组件在第一方向上的缓冲作用均匀，缓解膨胀力对电池的影响，并更均匀地吸收组装电池时电池单体之间的组装工差。
为了提高缓冲组件20的生产效率，参考图8A，在一些实施例中，所述第二缓冲垫22与所述第一缓冲垫21相同，且与所述第一缓冲垫21在所述第一方向z上反向设置。这里的相同指的是所述第二缓冲垫22与所述第一缓冲垫21不仅在形状上相同，在各个方向的尺寸上也相同。
这样有利于批量制造缓冲垫，并分别作为第一缓冲垫21和第二缓冲垫22使用，提高制造效率；而且，在所述第一方向z上反向设置的第一缓冲垫21和第二缓冲垫22能够在第一方向z上实现更均匀的缓冲作用，有效地缓解膨胀力对电池的影响。
图9A是根据本公开电池的一些实施例中呈U形的第一缓冲垫和呈矩形的第二缓冲垫在电池单体上的设置示意图。图9B是图9A中第一缓冲垫和第二缓冲垫的立体结构示意图。图9C是图9A中第一缓冲垫和第二缓冲垫的尺寸示意图。
与图8A-图8C所示实施例相比，图9A-图9C示出了另一种第二缓冲垫22’的结构。参考图9A-图9C，在一些实施例中，所述第二缓冲垫22、22’在第三方向x上的横截面呈矩形，所述第三方向x与所述第一方向z和所述第二方向y均垂直。对于下侧涂胶的电池单体来说，第二缓冲垫22’无需满足侧面挡胶的需求，因此可采用矩形横截面的结构，这样可以在更大的缓冲垫材料以更大密度进行裁剪，有利于减少材料的浪费。
参考图9C，在一些实施例中，所述第一缓冲垫21包括第一缓冲段211、第二缓冲段212和第三缓冲段213，第一缓冲段211具有与所述电池单体10的底面13相邻，且与所述第二方向y平行的第一侧边211e，所述第二缓冲段212和所述第三缓冲段213均与所述第一缓冲段211连接，且沿远离所述电池单体10的底面13的方向延伸。所述第二缓冲段212和所述第三缓冲段213沿所述第二方向y间隔设置。
所述第一缓冲段211位于所述第二缓冲段212和所述第三缓冲段213之间的部分在所述第一方向z上的最大尺寸d1、所述第二缓冲段212在所述第二方向y上的最大尺寸d2和所述第三缓冲段213在所述第二方向y上的最大尺寸d3均小于所述第二缓冲垫22、22’在所述第一方向z上的最大尺寸d4。
对于横截面呈矩形的第二缓冲垫22’来说，其下侧采用包括第一缓冲段211和与第一缓冲段211连接的第二缓冲段212和第三缓冲段213的第一缓冲垫21时，通过使第二缓冲垫22’在所述第一方向z上的最大尺寸d4均大于第一缓冲段211、第二缓冲段212和第三缓冲段213各自在其延伸方向的垂直方向上的尺寸，有利于第一缓冲垫21采用较少的缓冲垫材料，降低成本。
在图8A-图8C所示的实施例中，第一缓冲垫21与所述第二缓冲垫22可以相同，从而在第三方向x上的横截面形状相同，面积相等。对于图9A-图9C所示的形状不 同的第一缓冲垫21和第二缓冲垫22’来说，可使得所述第一缓冲垫21与所述第二缓冲垫22、22’在第三方向x上的横截面面积相等，所述第三方向x与所述第一方向z和所述第二方向y均垂直。
通过使所述第一缓冲垫21与所述第二缓冲垫22、22’在第三方向x上的横截面面积相等，可使得第一缓冲垫21和所述第二缓冲垫22、22’在电池使用过程中的膨胀力的缓冲作用更加一致，降低电池单体膨胀时带来的弯曲应力。
参考图8A和图9A，在一些实施例中，所述缓冲组件20可相对于通过所述电池单体10的第一中心面CP1对称，所述第一中心面CP1沿所述第一方向z到所述电池单体10的顶面14和底面13的距离相等。所述缓冲组件20也可以相对于通过所述电池单体10的第二中心面CP2对称，所述第二中心面CP2沿所述第二方向y到所述电池单体的第一侧面11和第二侧面12的距离相等。所述第二方向y与所述第一方向z垂直，且平行于所述相对表面10f、10f’中的至少一个，所述第一侧面11和所述第二侧面12沿所述第二方向y相对。
在图8A中，具有第一缓冲垫21和第二缓冲垫22的缓冲组件20相对于电池单体10的第一中心面CP1和第二中心面CP2均对称。在图9A中，具有第一缓冲垫21和第二缓冲垫22的缓冲组件20相对于电池单体10的第二中心面CP2对称。
通过使缓冲组件相对于电池单体的第一中心面或者第二中心面对称，或者相对于电池单体的第一中心面和第二中心面均对称，可以使第一缓冲垫21和第二缓冲垫在电池使用过程中的膨胀力的缓冲作用更加一致，降低电池单体膨胀时带来的弯曲应力。
参考图4和图5，在上述各实施例中，所述多个电池单体10可包括至少一个电池单体组，所述电池可包括至少一个电池模组41，与所述至少一个电池单体组一一对应。每个电池模组41可包括两个端板31、箍带32和对应的电池单体组，每个电池单体组中的各个电池单体10沿第三方向x排布，所述第三方向x与所述相对表面10f、10f’中的至少一个垂直，所述缓冲组件20与所述相对表面10f、10f’均粘接。两个端板31沿所述第三方向x分别位于所述对应的电池单体组的两侧。箍带32套在所述两个端板31的外周，以箍紧所述两个端板31和所述对应的电池单体组。
端板31可采用金属或合金材料制成，例如采用铝合金端板，以降低重量、增加强度。箍带32可采用金属、合金或复合材料制成，例如钢带。电池模组41可采用沿第一方向z间隔排布的两条箍带32，也可以采用一条箍带32或更多箍带32。端板31上可设置供箍带32嵌入部分深度的槽结构，以使得箍带32能够稳定可靠地固定柱端板31和多个电池单体10，而不容易从电池模组41中松脱。
通过在电池模组中设置位于多个电池单体两侧的两个端板，并通过箍带进行箍紧，这样能够提高电池模组整体的强度，降低因电池单体膨胀较大而造成电池模组开裂的风险。
参考图2，在一些实施例中，电池40还包括箱体42和换热件43。箱体42容纳至少一个电池模组41。换热件43位于所述箱体42内。所述至少一个电池模组41位于 所述换热件43的上侧，并与所述换热件43通过导热胶44连接。对于通过导热胶44实现换热件43与多个电池模组41的连接，电池模组中的至少缓冲垫还能够阻挡导热胶进入相邻两个电池单体的相对表面之间的胶水量，降低胶水占用电池单体膨胀变形空间的风险。
在一些实施例中，电池40还包括箱体42和换热件43。箱体42容纳所述多个电池单体10。换热件43位于所述箱体42内。所述多个电池单体10位于所述换热件43的上侧，并与所述换热件43通过导热胶44连接。对于通过导热胶44实现换热件43与多个电池单体10的连接，缓冲垫还能够阻挡导热胶44进入相邻两个电池单体10的相对表面之间的胶水量，降低胶水占用电池单体膨胀变形空间的风险。
基于前述电池的各实施例，参考图1，本公开实施例提供了一种用电装置，包括前述任一实施例的电池40。采用前述电池的用电装置有利于降低成本。
在一些具体的实施例中，如图4-图5和图8A-图8C所示，电池40包括多个电池模组41。电池模组41包括：多个电池单体10、缓冲组件20、两个端板31和箍带32。多个电池单体10沿第三方向x排布。缓冲组件20位于所述多个电池单体10中相邻两个电池单体10的相对表面10f、10f’之间。所述缓冲组件20与所述相对表面10f、10f’均粘接。多个电池单体10沿所述第三方向x分别位于所述多个电池单体10的两侧。箍带32套在所述两个端板31的外周，以箍紧所述两个端板31和所述多个电池单体10。
缓冲组件20包括沿第一方向z间隔排布的第一缓冲垫21和第二缓冲垫22。第一缓冲垫21和第二缓冲垫22在所述第一方向z上的投影范围不重叠。所述第一缓冲垫21在第三方向x上的横截面呈U形，所述U形具有竖直向上的开口。
所述第二缓冲垫22与所述第一缓冲垫21相同，且与所述第一缓冲垫21在所述第一方向z上反向设置。所述第二缓冲垫22位于所述电池单体10的第一中心面CP1远离所述第一缓冲垫21的一侧。
所述缓冲组件20相对于通过所述电池单体10的第一中心面CP1对称，还相对于通过所述电池单体10的第二中心面CP2对称。所述第一中心面CP1沿所述第一方向z到所述电池单体10的顶面14和底面13的距离相等，第二中心面CP2沿所述第二方向y到所述电池单体的第一侧面11和第二侧面12的距离相等。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本公开进行了描述，但在不脱离本公开的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本公开并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种电池(40)，包括：
    多个电池单体(10)；和
    缓冲组件(20)，位于所述多个电池单体(10)中相邻两个电池单体(10)的相对表面(10f；10f’)之间，
    其中，所述缓冲组件(20)包括至少两个缓冲垫，所述至少两个缓冲垫至少沿第一方向(z)间隔排布，且在所述第一方向(z)上的投影范围不重叠，所述第一方向(z)与所述相对表面(10f；10f’)中的至少一个平行。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池(40)，其中，所述第一方向(z)与所述相邻两个电池单体(10)的高度方向平行，所述至少两个缓冲垫包括第一缓冲垫(21)，所述第一缓冲垫(21)为所述至少两个缓冲垫中的最下侧的缓冲垫，所述第一缓冲垫(21)在第二方向(y)上是连续的，所述第二方向(y)与所述第一方向(z)垂直，且平行于所述相对表面(10f；10f’)中的至少一个。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池(40)，其中，所述第一缓冲垫(21)包括第一缓冲段(211)，第一缓冲段(211)具有与所述电池单体(10)的底面(13)相邻，且与所述第二方向(y)平行的第一侧边(211e)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池(40)，其中，所述第一缓冲垫(21)还包括第二缓冲段(212)和第三缓冲段(213)，均与所述第一缓冲段(211)连接，且沿远离所述电池单体(10)的底面(13)的方向延伸，所述第二缓冲段(212)和所述第三缓冲段(213)沿所述第二方向(y)间隔设置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池(40)，其中，所述第二缓冲段(212)和所述第三缓冲段(213)分别与所述第一缓冲段(211)沿所述第二方向(y)的两端连接。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的电池(40)，其中，所述第二缓冲段(212)具有与所述电池单体(10)的第一侧面(11)相邻且与所述第一侧面(11)平行的第二侧边(212e)，所述第三缓冲段(213)具有与所述电池单体(10)的第二侧面(12)相邻且与所述第二侧面(12)平行的第三侧边(213e)，所述第一侧面(11)和所述第二侧面(12)均与所述底面(13)连接，并沿所述第二方向(y)相对。
  7. 根据权利要求2～6任一所述的电池(40)，其中，所述第一缓冲垫(21)在第三方向(x)上的横截面呈U形，所述U形具有竖直向上的开口，所述第三方向(x)与所述第一方向(z)和所述第二方向(y)均垂直。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池(40)，其中，所述第一缓冲垫(21)在所述第一方向(z)上的最大尺寸h和所述第一缓冲垫(21)在所述第二方向(y)上的最大尺寸w的比值h/w满足：0.05≤h/w≤10。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池(40)，其中，所述比值h/w满足：0.1≤h/w≤5。
  10. 根据权利要求2～9任一所述的电池(40)，其中，所述至少两个缓冲垫还包括第二缓冲垫(22；22’)，所述第二缓冲垫(22；22’)位于所述电池单体(10)的第一中心面(CP1)远离所述第一缓冲垫(21)的一侧，所述第一中心面(CP1)沿所述第一方向(z)到所述电池单体(10)的顶面(14)和底面(13)的距离相等。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池(40)，其中，所述第二缓冲垫(22；22’)与所述第一缓冲垫(21)相同，且与所述第一缓冲垫(21)在所述第一方向(z)上反向设置。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的电池(40)，其中，所述第二缓冲垫(22；22’)在第三方向(x)上的横截面呈矩形，所述第三方向(x)与所述第一方向(z)和所述第二方向(y)均垂直。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池(40)，其中，所述第一缓冲垫(21)包括第一缓冲段(211)、第二缓冲段(212)和第三缓冲段(213)，第一缓冲段(211)具有与所述电池单体(10)的底面(13)相邻，且与所述第二方向(y)平行的第一侧边(211e)，所述第二缓冲段(212)和所述第三缓冲段(213)均与所述第一缓冲段(211)连接，且沿远离所述电池单体(10)的底面(13)的方向延伸，所述第二缓冲段(212)和所述第三缓冲段(213)沿所述第二方向(y)间隔设置；所述第一缓冲段(211)位于所述第二缓冲段(212)和所述第三缓冲段(213)之间的部分在所述第一方向(z)上的最大尺寸d1、所述第二缓冲段(212)在所述第二方向(y)上的最大尺寸d2和所述第三缓冲段(213)在所述第二方向(y)上的最大尺寸d3均小于所述第二缓冲垫(22；22’)在所述第一方向(z)上的最大尺寸d4。
  14. 根据权利要求10～13任一所述的电池(40)，其中，所述第一缓冲垫(21)与所述第二缓冲垫(22；22’)在第三方向(x)上的横截面面积相等，所述第三方向(x)与所述第一方向(z)和所述第二方向(y)均垂直。
  15. 根据权利要求1～14任一所述的电池(40)，其中，所述缓冲组件(20)相对于通过所述电池单体(10)的第一中心面(CP1)对称，所述第一中心面(CP1)沿所述第一方向(z)到所述电池单体(10)的顶面(14)和底面(13)的距离相等；和/或，所述缓冲组件(20)相对于通过所述电池单体(10)的第二中心面(CP2)对称，所述第二中心面(CP2)沿第二方向(y)到所述电池单体的第一侧面(11)和第二侧面(12)的距离相等，所述第二方向(y)与所述第一方向(z)垂直，且平行于所述相对表面(10f；10f’)中的至少一个，所述第一侧面(11)和所述第二侧面(12)沿所述第二方向(y)相对。
  16. 根据权利要求1～15任一所述的电池(40)，其中，所述多个电池单体(10)包括至少一个电池单体组，所述电池包括至少一个电池模组(41)，与所述至少一个电池单体组一一对应，每个电池模组(41)包括两个端板(31)、箍带(32)和对应的电池单体组，每个电池单体组中的各个电池单体(10)沿第三方向(x)排布，所述第三方向(x)与所述相对表面(10f；10f’)中的至少一个垂直，所述缓冲组件(20) 与所述相对表面(10f；10f’)均粘接，所述两个端板(31)沿所述第三方向(x)分别位于所述对应的电池单体组的两侧，所述箍带(32)套在所述两个端板(31)的外周，以箍紧所述两个端板(31)和所述对应的电池单体组。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电池(40)，还包括：
    箱体(42)，容纳所述至少一个电池模组(41)；和
    换热件(43)，位于所述箱体(42)内；
    其中，所述至少一个电池模组(41)位于所述换热件(43)的上侧，并与所述换热件(43)通过导热胶(44)连接。
  18. 根据权利要求1～15任一所述的电池(40)，还包括：
    箱体(42)，容纳所述多个电池单体(10)；和
    换热件(43)，位于所述箱体(42)内；
    其中，所述多个电池单体(10)位于所述换热件(43)的上侧，并与所述换热件(43)通过导热胶(44)连接。
  19. 一种用电装置，包括：
    权利要求1～18任一所述的电池(40)。
PCT/CN2024/078605 2023-07-04 2024-02-26 电池以及用电装置 Ceased WO2025007571A1 (zh)

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