WO2025001522A1 - 电镀设备及电镀方法 - Google Patents

电镀设备及电镀方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025001522A1
WO2025001522A1 PCT/CN2024/091748 CN2024091748W WO2025001522A1 WO 2025001522 A1 WO2025001522 A1 WO 2025001522A1 CN 2024091748 W CN2024091748 W CN 2024091748W WO 2025001522 A1 WO2025001522 A1 WO 2025001522A1
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Prior art keywords
electroplating
stirring mechanism
sub
main
periodic reciprocating
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PCT/CN2024/091748
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2025001522A9 (zh
Inventor
王晖
王坚
贾照伟
陈国强
杨宏超
代兰奎
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ACM Research Shanghai Inc
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ACM Research Shanghai Inc
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Priority to KR1020267002794A priority Critical patent/KR20260032580A/ko
Publication of WO2025001522A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025001522A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Publication of WO2025001522A9 publication Critical patent/WO2025001522A9/zh
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D21/00Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
    • C25D21/10Agitating of electrolytes; Moving of racks
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/12Semiconductors

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of semiconductor electroplating, and in particular relates to electroplating equipment and an electroplating method.
  • a stirring mechanism can be set in the electroplating equipment.
  • the stirring mechanism can swing horizontally in the plating solution or vertically in the plating solution.
  • the swing direction of the stirring mechanism depends on the electroplating mode of the electroplating machine.
  • the swing mode of the stirring mechanism in the electroplating solution is horizontal swing; when the electroplating mode of the electroplating machine is vertical hanging plating, the swing mode of the stirring mechanism in the electroplating solution is vertical swing.
  • the high-speed reciprocating motion of the stirring paddle will cause a large difference in the flow rate of the plating solution in each area of the plating chamber, which will in turn cause a large difference in the flow rate of the plating solution in each area of the workpiece, and a large difference in mass transfer in each area, resulting in uneven electroplating and reduced electroplating quality.
  • the present invention adjusts the motion mode of the stirring mechanism to improve the electroplating efficiency while enhancing the ability of the plating solution to penetrate deep holes, thereby achieving a uniform electroplating effect.
  • the present application proposes an electroplating device, comprising: an electroplating chamber, a wafer holding device, a stirring mechanism and a driving mechanism; wherein the electroplating chamber is used to contain a plating solution; the wafer holding device is configured to hold a wafer; the stirring mechanism is arranged inside the electroplating chamber, and when the wafer holding device holds a wafer, the stirring mechanism is arranged parallel to the wafer; the driving mechanism is configured to drive the stirring mechanism to perform continuous main periodic reciprocating motion parallel to the wafer, so that the stirring mechanism stirs the plating solution; wherein each of the main periodic reciprocating motions includes N continuous sub-periodic reciprocating motions, N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and the amplitudes and frequencies of adjacent sub-periodic reciprocating motions are equal; within the same main cycle, the end position of the stirring mechanism in the previous sub-cycle is at the starting position of the next adjacent sub-cycle, and the sub-stroke of the stirring mechanism in the same sub-cycle is a real
  • the starting point position of the main periodic reciprocating motion is the motion origin position
  • the end point position of the main periodic reciprocating motion is the reversal position
  • the reversal position is the position of the stirring mechanism farthest from the motion origin position during the main periodic reciprocating motion
  • each of the main periodic reciprocating motions has a main stroke
  • the main stroke is the distance between the motion origin position and the reversal position.
  • the range of the main stroke includes: 10-30mm.
  • the amplitude of each of the secondary periodic reciprocating motions is equal.
  • each secondary stroke in the same primary periodic reciprocating motion may be equal or unequal.
  • the range of the secondary stroke includes: 1-10mm.
  • the stirring mechanism performs the secondary periodic reciprocating motion at a preset frequency, wherein the range of the preset frequency includes: 3-12 Hz.
  • the stirring mechanism performs the secondary periodic reciprocating motion with a preset amplitude, wherein the range of the preset amplitude includes: 12-20mm.
  • the time range used by each of the sub-cycles includes: 1-600s.
  • the present application proposes an electroplating method, comprising: keeping a wafer in an electroplating chamber containing an electroplating solution; a driving mechanism driving a stirring mechanism to perform continuous main periodic reciprocating motion parallel to the wafer, so as to The stirring mechanism is made to stir the plating liquid; wherein each of the main periodic reciprocating motions includes N consecutive sub-periodic reciprocating motions, N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and the amplitudes and frequencies of adjacent sub-periodic reciprocating motions are equal; within the same main period, the end position of the stirring mechanism in the previous sub-period is the starting position of the next adjacent sub-period, and the sub-stroke of the stirring mechanism in the same sub-period is a real number greater than 0, wherein the sub-stroke is the distance between the end position and the starting position of the stirring mechanism in the same sub-period.
  • the starting point position of the main periodic reciprocating motion is the motion origin position
  • the end point position of the main periodic reciprocating motion is the reversal position
  • the reversal position is the position of the stirring mechanism farthest from the motion origin position during the main periodic reciprocating motion
  • each of the main periodic reciprocating motions has a main stroke
  • the main stroke is the distance between the motion origin position and the reversal position.
  • the amplitude of each of the secondary periodic reciprocating motions is equal.
  • the secondary strokes in the same primary periodic reciprocating motion may be equal or unequal.
  • the electroplating equipment and electroplating method of the present invention regulate the motion mode of the stirring mechanism by performing continuous main periodic reciprocating motions of the stirring mechanism in the electroplating chamber, and decomposing each main periodic reciprocating motion into N continuous sub-periodic reciprocating motions with the same motion mode, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. While improving the electroplating efficiency, the present invention can enhance the ability of the electroplating solution to penetrate deep holes, thereby achieving a uniform electroplating effect.
  • Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the subsequent description, and will partially become apparent from the description, or will be understood through the implementation of the present invention. The objects and other advantages of the present invention can be achieved and obtained through the structures indicated in the description and the accompanying drawings.
  • FIG. 2 shows the flow rate of the electroplating solution on the lower surface of the wafer under the motion mode of the stirring mechanism in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG3 shows a schematic structural diagram of an electroplating device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG4 is a schematic top view of a stirring mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram showing a motion mode of a stirring mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram showing another motion mode of the stirring mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows the flow rate results of the electroplating liquid on the lower surface of the wafer under the motion mode of the stirring mechanism implemented according to the present invention.
  • a stirring mechanism can be installed below the wafer at a position opposite to the wafer.
  • the stirring mechanism reciprocates in a direction parallel to the wafer to enhance the agitation of the electroplating solution.
  • FIG1 shows a schematic diagram of the motion mode of the driving mechanism driving the stirring mechanism of the electroplating equipment in the prior art, wherein the horizontal axis represents the process time in seconds, and the vertical axis represents the change in the position of the stirring mechanism in mm.
  • the figure uses the change of the stirring mechanism position over time to represent the motion mode of the driving mechanism driving the stirring mechanism.
  • the driving mechanism drives the stirring mechanism to vibrate at a specified frequency and a specified amplitude inside the electroplating chamber. As shown in FIG1, the amplitude is approximately 20 mm and the frequency is approximately 5 Hz.
  • the flow rate of the plating solution at the lower surface of the wafer under this vibration mode is simulated and calculated. The simulation results are shown in Figure 2.
  • the flow rates of the plating solution at various locations on the lower surface of the wafer vary greatly. It can be seen from the figure that the maximum value of the plating solution flow rate at various locations on the lower surface of the wafer is about 160 mm/s, the minimum value is about 60 mm/s, and the difference is about 100 mm/s. This results in a large difference in the amount of plating solution contacted by various locations on the lower surface of the wafer, which in turn affects the uniformity of electroplating.
  • the present invention aims to improve the vibration mode of the stirring mechanism so as to better control the stirring effect of the electroplating solution and achieve the purpose of uniform electroplating.
  • an embodiment of the present invention discloses an electroplating device for electroplating a wafer surface.
  • the electroplating device includes an electroplating chamber 100, a wafer holding device 200, a stirring mechanism 300, and a driving mechanism 400.
  • the electroplating chamber 100 is used to contain the electroplating solution;
  • the wafer holding device 200 is used to hold the wafer 500;
  • the stirring mechanism 300 includes a plurality of parallel-arranged strip-shaped paddles 301, and adjacent paddles 301 form a plurality of strip-shaped paddles 301.
  • Gap 302. During the electroplating process, the gap 302 between adjacent blades 301 allows liquid and electric field to pass through.
  • the blade 301 is made of an insulator, for example, a plastic material including PVC, PC, CPVC, PPS, PEEK, PTFE, etc.
  • the stirring mechanism 300 is disposed in the electroplating chamber 100. When the wafer 500 is held on the wafer holding device 200, the stirring mechanism 300 is parallel to the wafer 500.
  • the driving mechanism 400 is arranged outside the electroplating chamber 100, and the driving mechanism 400 is configured to drive the stirring mechanism 300 to generate continuous main periodic reciprocating motion in a direction parallel to the wafer 500 held by the wafer holding device 200, so that the stirring mechanism 300 stirs the electroplating solution, each main periodic reciprocating motion includes N continuous sub-periodic reciprocating motions, N is an integer greater than or equal to 2; and the amplitude and frequency of adjacent sub-periodic reciprocating motions are equal; in the same main cycle, the end position of the stirring mechanism 300 in the previous sub-cycle is the starting position of the next adjacent sub-cycle, and the sub-stroke of the stirring mechanism 300 in the same sub-cycle is a real number greater than 0, wherein the sub-stroke is the distance between the end position and the starting position of the stirring mechanism 300 in the same sub-cycle.
  • the amplitude and frequency of each sub-periodic reciprocating motion are equal, which can ensure strong stirring of the electroplating solution while making the difference in the flow rate of the electroplating solution at various locations in the electroplating chamber more uniform. Specifically, when all places in the electroplating chamber are able to experience the electroplating solution of various speeds in a sub-cycle, the average speed of the electroplating solution will be maintained within a relatively stable range, thereby improving the uniformity of the electroplating solution.
  • the driving mechanism 400 includes at least one driving member, and the selection range of the driving member includes but is not limited to a motor, an electric motor, etc.
  • the driving members are symmetrically arranged about the electroplating chamber 100 to stabilize the stirring mechanism 300, keep the stirring mechanism 300 balanced, and then achieve the purpose of stably stirring the electroplating solution.
  • the driving mechanism 400 includes two driving members, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the electroplating chamber 100.
  • the stirring mechanism 300 is located at the starting point of the motion, and the driving mechanism 400 drives the stirring mechanism 300 to perform continuous main periodic reciprocating motion parallel to the wafer 500 in the wafer holding device 200 .
  • the same process may include multiple repeated main periodic reciprocating motions to achieve the effect that the stirring mechanism 300 strengthens the stirring of the electroplating solution, thereby achieving uniform electroplating of the wafer 500.
  • FIG. 5 two main cycles are shown.
  • the movement origin of the stirring mechanism 300 is at 0 mm, and the reversal position is at 32 mm.
  • each main periodic reciprocating motion performed by the stirring mechanism 300 specifically includes: the stirring mechanism 300 performs N sub-periodic reciprocating motions at a preset frequency f1 and a preset amplitude A1. As shown in FIG5 , each main cycle includes 3 sub-cycles, and the movement frequency of the stirring mechanism 300 in each sub-cycle is f1, and the movement amplitude is A1. In each main cycle, the stirring mechanism 300 undergoes 3 sub-periodic reciprocating motions, gradually reaching the reversal position from the origin of the motion, and when reaching the end of the main cycle, it returns to the origin of the motion and starts the next main periodic reciprocating motion.
  • a main periodic reciprocating motion includes a main stroke L and at least one sub-stroke M.
  • the main stroke is the maximum distance between the stirring mechanism 300 and the origin of the motion, that is, the distance between the origin of the motion and the reversal position; the sub-stroke is the distance between the end position and the starting position of the stirring mechanism 300 in the same sub-period.
  • the main stroke L is a value determined according to the size of the plating chamber 100. Generally, the size of the plating chamber 100 is determined, and the value of the main stroke L is a fixed value.
  • N is greater than or equal to 3, that is, the number of secondary strokes is greater than or equal to 2, all secondary strokes may be equal or unequal, and are set according to actual process conditions during operation.
  • N is greater than or equal to 3, it means that one main periodic reciprocating motion is composed of greater than or equal to 3 consecutive secondary periodic reciprocating motions, that is, the main stroke L is divided into N times, and N-1 secondary strokes will be generated in the process of completing the main stroke L, and the N-1 secondary strokes may be equal or unequal.
  • the stirring mechanism 300 does not need to return to the motion origin of the current sub-period, but directly uses the end point of the current sub-period as the motion origin of the next sub-period to perform the motion of the next sub-period.
  • the stirring mechanism 300 can be gradually moved outward in the motion range of each sub-period within a main cycle, and the peak and valley values of the stirring mechanism position are gradually increased.
  • the farthest moving position of the stirring mechanism 300 reaches the reversal position.
  • the driving mechanism 400 drives the stirring mechanism 300 to the motion origin of the last sub-period, and then continues to drive the stirring mechanism 300 back to the motion origin of the first sub-period, that is, the motion origin of the main cycle, and then continues to perform the next main periodic reciprocating motion to achieve the effect of fully stirring the electroplating solution.
  • the end position of the stirring mechanism 300 in the previous sub-cycle is The starting positions of adjacent sub-cycles, and the sub-stroke of the stirring mechanism 300 in the same sub-cycle is a real number greater than 0, wherein the sub-stroke is the distance between the end position and the starting position of the stirring mechanism 300 in the same sub-cycle.
  • the starting position of the main periodic reciprocating motion is the origin position of the motion;
  • the end position of the main periodic reciprocating motion is the reversal position;
  • the reversal position is the position of the stirring mechanism farthest from the origin position of the motion during the main periodic reciprocating motion;
  • each main periodic reciprocating motion has a main stroke, which is the distance between the origin position of the motion and the reversal position.
  • the secondary strokes in the same primary periodic reciprocating motion may be equal or unequal.
  • the flow rate difference of the electroplating solution at various locations on the lower surface of the wafer is relatively large during the first sub-periodic reciprocating motion, the second sub-periodic reciprocating motion, and the third sub-periodic reciprocating motion (about 100 mm/s)
  • a main periodic reciprocating motion that is, after the first sub-periodic reciprocating motion, the second sub-periodic reciprocating motion, and the third sub-periodic reciprocating motion
  • the flow rate of the electroplating solution at various locations on the lower surface of the wafer is basically maintained within a relatively stable range, with a small difference (about 20 mm/s), and the flow rate of the electroplating solution can also be maintained at a higher flow rate (about 110 mm/s).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract

一种电镀设备及电镀方法。电镀设备包括:电镀腔(100)、晶圆保持装置(200)、搅拌机构(300)及驱动机构(400)。搅拌机构(300)置于所述电镀腔(100)内,当晶圆保持装置(200)保持有晶圆时,搅拌机构(300)与晶圆平行;驱动机构(400)被配置为驱动搅拌机构(300)平行于晶圆进行连续的主周期性往复运动,以使搅拌机构(300)搅动电镀液;其中,每个主周期性往复运动包括N个连续的副周期性往复运动,N为大于或等于2的整数;在同一个主周期内,在前一个副周期的终点位置是在后一个相邻副周期的起点位置,并且在同一个副周期内的副冲程为大于0的实数,副冲程是同一个副周期内的终点位置与起点位置之间的距离。本发明通过对搅拌机构的运动模式进行调控,提高电镀效率的同时,达到均匀电镀的效果。

Description

电镀设备及电镀方法 技术领域
本发明属于半导体电镀技术领域,特别涉及电镀设备及电镀方法。
背景技术
在后摩尔时代,将芯片进行集成的先进封装技术正在发挥越来越重要的作用,其中3D堆叠技术,区域硅互联技术,嵌入式多芯片互联桥接技术等等都具有高深宽比填孔电镀的需求。目前高深宽比填孔制程存在一些公认的显著的困难:电镀液难以完全浸入深孔中,镀液一旦没有完全浸入深孔中,电镀过程中,将会导致虚镀、空洞等电镀缺陷,降低电镀产品的良品率;另外随着深宽比的增加,电镀孔内受扩散控制的区域比例也随之增加,这会降低电镀效率和电镀品质。为了解决上述问题,加强镀液搅拌是一种解决方法,为此可以在电镀设备中设置搅拌机构,搅拌机构可以在电镀液中水平摆动,也可以在电镀液中垂直摆动。搅拌机构的摆动方向取决于电镀机台的电镀模式,当电镀机台的电镀模式为水平电镀时,则搅拌机构在电镀液中的摆动方式为水平摆动;当电镀机台的电镀模式为垂直挂镀时,则搅拌机构在电镀液中的摆动方式为垂直摆动。在电镀液中摆动的搅拌机构用于增强电镀液的质量传递以及增加电镀液与工件的表面之间的相对速度。搅拌桨作为一种示例性搅拌机构具有多个相互平行的桨叶,且相邻桨叶之间具有一定的间隙。当搅拌桨运动时,会产生液体涡流。液体涡流在晶圆的下表面(面朝下)产生高速搅拌流,从而增强质量传递。为了进一步地增强电镀液的质量传递,通常选择的方式为单纯提高桨叶往复运动的速度,但是,搅拌桨的高速往复运动会导致电镀腔内各区域电镀液的流速相差较大,进而导致工件各个区域电镀液的流速差别较大,各区域的质量传递差别也较大,从而造成电镀不均匀的情况的发生,降低了电镀品质。
发明内容
为了避免单纯提高桨叶往复运动的速度,导致电镀腔内电镀液各处流速差别较大,从而造成电镀不均匀的情况的发生,本发明通过对搅拌机构的运动模式进行调控,提高电镀效率的同时,增强电镀液浸入深孔的能力,达到均匀电镀的效果。
第一方面,本申请提出一种电镀设备,包括:电镀腔、晶圆保持装置、搅拌机构及驱动机构;其中,所述电镀腔用于容纳电镀液;所述晶圆保持装置被配置为保持晶圆;所述搅拌机构设置于所述电镀腔内部,当所述晶圆保持装置保持有晶圆时,所述搅拌机构与所述晶圆平行设置;所述驱动机构被配置为驱动搅拌机构平行于所述晶圆进行连续的主周期性往复运动,以使所述搅拌机构搅动电镀液;其中,每个所述主周期性往复运动包括N个连续的副周期性往复运动,N为大于或等于2的整数,且相邻的副周期性往复运动的振幅和频率相等;在同一个所述主周期内,所述搅拌机构在前一个副周期的终点位置是在后一个相邻副周期的起点位置,并且所述搅拌机构在同一个副周期内的副冲程为大于0的实数,其中,所述副冲程是所述搅拌机构在同一个副周期内的终点位置与起点位置之间的距离。
根据本申请实施例的一种具体实现方式,所述主周期性往复运动的起点位置为运动原点位置,所述主周期性往复运动的终点位置为逆转位置,所述逆转位置为所述搅拌机构在所述主周期性往复运动的过程中距离所述运动原点位置最远的位置;每个所述主周期性往复运动具有一个主冲程,所述主冲程是所述运动原点位置至所述逆转位置之间的距离。
根据本申请实施例的一种具体实现方式,所述主冲程的范围包括:10-30mm。
根据本申请实施例的一种具体实现方式,同一工艺过程中,每个所述副周期性往复运动的振幅均相等。
根据本申请实施例的一种具体实现方式,当N大于或等于3时,同一所述主周期性往复运动中的各个副冲程可以相等也可以不相等。
根据本申请实施例的一种具体实现方式,所述副冲程的范围包括:1-10mm。
根据本申请实施例的一种具体实现方式,所述搅拌机构以预设频率做所述副周期性往复运动,其中,所述预设频率的范围包括:3-12Hz。
根据本申请实施例的一种具体实现方式,所述搅拌机构以预设振幅做所述副周期性往复运动,其中,所述预设振幅的范围包括:12-20mm。
根据本申请实施例的一种具体实现方式,每个所述副周期所用时间的范围包括:1-600s。
第二方面,本申请提出一种电镀方法,包括:将晶圆保持在盛放有电镀液的电镀腔中;驱动机构驱动搅拌机构平行于所述晶圆进行连续的主周期性往复运动,以 使所述搅拌机构搅动电镀液;其中,每个所述主周期性往复运动包括N个连续的副周期性往复运动,N为大于或等于2的整数,且相邻的副周期性往复运动的振幅和频率相等;在同一个所述主周期内,所述搅拌机构在前一个副周期的终点位置是在后一个相邻副周期的起点位置,且所述搅拌机构在同一个副周期内的副冲程为大于0的实数,其中,所述副冲程是所述搅拌机构在同一个副周期内的终点位置的与起点位置之间的距离。
根据本申请实施例的一种具体实现方式,所述主周期性往复运动的起点位置为运动原点位置,所述主周期性往复运动的终点位置为逆转位置,所述逆转位置为所述搅拌机构在所述主周期性往复运动的过程中距离所述运动原点位置最远的位置;每个所述主周期性往复运动具有一个主冲程,所述主冲程是所述运动原点位置至所述逆转位置之间的距离。
根据本申请实施例的一种具体实现方式,同一工艺过程中,每个所述副周期性往复运动的振幅均相等。
根据本申请实施例的一种具体实现方式,当N大于或等于3时,同一所述主周期性往复运动中的副冲程可以相等也可以不相等。
本发明的电镀设备及电镀方法,对搅拌机构的运动模式进行调控,通过将搅拌机构在电镀腔内所进行的连续的主周期性往复运动,并将每个主周期性往复运动均分解为N个连续的且运动模式相同的副周期性往复运动,N为大于或等于2的整数。本发明在提高电镀效率的同时,能够增强电镀液浸入深孔的能力,达到均匀电镀的效果。本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述,并且,部分地从说明书中变得显而易见,或者通过实施本发明而了解。本发明的目的和其他优点可通过在说明书以及附图中所指出的结构来实现和获得。
附图概述
本发明的特征、性能由以下的实施例及其附图进一步描述。
图1示出了现有技术中电镀设备的驱动机构驱动搅拌机构运动模式示意图;
图2示出了在图1中搅拌机构的运动模式下,晶圆下表面电镀液的流速结果;
图3示出了根据本发明实施例的电镀设备的结构示意图;
图4示出了根据本发明实施例的搅拌机构的俯视示意图;
图5示出了根据本发明实施例的搅拌机构的运动模式示意图;
图6示出了根据本发明实施例的搅拌机构的另一运动模式示意图;以及
图7示出了在根据本发明实施的搅拌机构的运动模式下,晶圆下表面电镀液流速结果。
本发明的较佳实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地说明,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
在电镀设备中,为了加强电镀液的搅动,可在晶圆下方与晶圆相对的位置安装搅拌机构,电镀时,搅拌机构沿着与晶圆平行的方向进行往复运动,以加强电镀液的搅动。请参照图1,图1示出了现有技术中电镀设备的驱动机构驱动搅拌机构运动模式示意图,其中,横轴表示工艺时间,单位为s,纵轴表示搅拌机构位置的变化,单位为mm,该图用搅拌机构位置随着时间的变化规律来表示驱动机构驱动搅拌机构的运动模式。驱动机构驱动搅拌机构在电镀腔内部以规定的频率和规定的振幅进行振动,如图1所示,振幅大致为20mm,频率大致为5Hz。对该种振动模式下晶圆下表面处的电镀液的流速进行仿真计算,仿真计算结果如图2所示,晶圆下表面各处的电镀液流速相差较大,由图可知,晶圆下表面各处的电镀液流速最大值约为160mm/s,最小值约为60mm/s,差值约为100mm/s,这就导致晶圆下表面各处所接触的电镀液的量差别较大,进而影响电镀的均匀性。
本发明旨在针对控制搅拌机构的振动模式进行改进,以能够更好地控制电镀液的搅拌效果,以达到均匀电镀的目的。
请参照图3和图4,本发明实施例揭示了一种电镀设备,用于对晶圆表面进行电镀。该电镀设备包括电镀腔100、晶圆保持装置200、搅拌机构300及驱动机构400。电镀腔100用于容纳电镀液;晶圆保持装置200用于保持晶圆500;搅拌机构300包括多个平行排列的条形的桨叶301,相邻的桨叶301之间形成 间隙302。在电镀过程中,相邻的桨叶301之间的间隙302供液体和电场穿过。桨叶301的材质为绝缘体,例如可以是塑料材质,包括PVC、PC、CPVC、PPS、PEEK、PTFE等。搅拌机构300设置于电镀腔100内,当晶圆保持装置200上保持有晶圆500时,搅拌机构300与晶圆500平行。
驱动机构400设置于电镀腔100外侧,驱动机构400被配置为驱动搅拌机构300沿平行于晶圆保持装置200所保持的晶圆500的方向产生连续的主周期性往复运动,以使搅拌机构300搅动电镀液,每个主周期性往复运动包括N个连续的副周期性往复运动,N为大于或等于2的整数;且相邻的副周期性往复运动的振幅和频率相等;在同一个主周期内,搅拌机构300在前一个副周期的终点位置是在后一个相邻副周期的起点位置,并且搅拌机构300在同一个副周期内的副冲程为大于0的实数,其中,副冲程是搅拌机构300在同一个副周期内的终点位置与起点位置之间的距离。在一些实施例中,在同一工艺过程中,每个副周期性往复运动的振幅、频率均相等,能够保证较强电镀液搅动的同时,使电镀腔内各处电镀液流速的差值较为均一。具体地,当电镀腔内各处均能够经历一个副周期内各速度的电镀液后,平均之后的电镀液的速度将维持在较为稳定的范围内,进而提高电镀液的均匀性。
更进一步地,驱动机构400包括至少一个驱动件,驱动件的选择范围包括但不限于马达、电机等。当驱动件的数量大于或等于2时,驱动件关于电镀腔100对称设置,以达到稳定搅拌机构300,保持搅拌机构300平衡,进而达到稳定搅拌电镀液的目的。如图3所示,在该实施例中,驱动机构400包括2个驱动件,对称地设置在电镀腔100的两侧。
示例性的,请参照图3,搅拌机构300在电镀腔100内部做往复运动过程中,设定初始状态时搅拌机构300位于运动起点位置,驱动机构400驱动搅拌机构300平行于晶圆保持装置200内的晶圆500进行连续的主周期性往复运动。为了便于理解,本申请中定义搅拌机构300运动起点位置为运动原点位置;定义搅拌机构300运动终点位置为逆转位置,逆转位置为搅拌机构300在主周期性往复运动的过程中距离运动原点位置最远的位置;则一个主周期性往复运动具体为:搅拌机构300由运动起点位置即运动原点位置开始,向终点位置方向移动,到达运动终点位置即逆转位置后,再反向向运动原点位置方向移动, 到达运动原点位置结束。同一个工艺中可以包括多个重复的主周期性往复运动,以达到搅拌机构300加强电镀液的搅动,从而使晶圆500均匀电镀的效果。结合图5所示,其中示出了2个主周期,在该实施例中,搅拌机构300的运动原点位置为0mm处,逆转位置为32mm处。
更进一步地,搅拌机构300做的每个主周期性往复运动具体包括:搅拌机构300以预设频率f1和预设振幅A1做N个副周期性往复运动。如图5所示,每个主周期中包括3个副周期,搅拌机构300在每个副周期中的运动频率是f1,运动振幅是A1。在每个主周期中,搅拌机构300经过3个副副周期性往复运动,逐渐从运动原点位置到达逆转位置,并且在到达该主周期终点时,重新回到运动原点位置,开始下一个主周期性往复运动。
其中,一个主周期性往复运动包括一个主冲程L和至少一个副冲程M。主冲程为搅拌机构300距离运动原点位置的最大距离,也即运动原点位置至逆转位置之间的距离;副冲程为搅拌机构300在同一个副周期内的终点位置与起点位置之间的距离。应当理解的,主冲程L为根据电镀腔100的尺寸所确定的值,一般电镀腔100的尺寸确定,主冲程L的值则为定值,示例性的,根据电镀腔100的尺寸的不同,主冲程L一般为10-30mm中的某一定值,例如可以是10mm、20mm、30mm等;而每个主周期性往复运动所包括的副周期数N为人为设定的值,N为大于或等于2的整数,表示一个主周期性往复运动由N个连续的副周期性往复运动组成;每个副周期性往复运动的频率f1以及振幅A1均为人为设定的值;示例性的,频率f1一般预设范围为:3一12Hz,例如可以是3Hz、5Hz、10Hz、12Hz等;振幅A1一般预设为12-20mm,例如可以是12mm、15mm、18mm、20mm等;而一个副周期的副冲程M也是在工艺开始之前,人为设定的值,副冲程的个数则为N-1个。应当注意的,每一个主周期性往复运动中的每一个副周期所用时间t一般预设为1-600s,例如可以是1s、60s、100s、300s、600s等。
更进一步的,当N大于或等于3时,即副冲程的个数大于或等于2时,所有的副冲程可以相等也可以不相等,操作过程中根据实际工艺条件进行设置。具体地,即N大于或等于3时,表示一个主周期性往复运动由大于或等于3个连续的副周期性往复运动组成,即主冲程L分为N次走完,走完主冲程L的过程中将会产生N-1个副冲程,该N-1个副冲程可以相等也可以不相等。
示例性的,请参照图5,当N等于3时,即在本实施例中L包括2个副冲程时,可以采用每个副周期结束之后所行进的距离不相等的方式进行设置,即副冲程M1≠副冲程M2。如图5所示,一个主周期性往复运动包括一个主冲程L和两个副冲程M1、M2,且一个主周期性往复运动中的副周期性往复运动的数量N=3;每个副周期性往复运动中的预设频率f1=5Hz,预设振幅A1=20mm,每一个副周期所用时间t=1s;主冲程为L=12mm,副冲程M1=4,M2=8。
请参照图6,在另一个实施例中,当N等于3时,即在本实施例中L包括2个副冲程时,每个副周期结束之后所行进的距离相等的方式进行设置,即副冲程M1=副冲程M2。从图6中可以看出搅拌机构300的一个主周期性往复运动由3个副周期性往复运动组成;一个主周期性往复运动包括一个主冲程和两个相等的副冲程,即N=3,M1=M2=6mm,主冲程L=12mm;每个副周期性往复运动中,搅拌机构300的振动频率为预设频率f1=5Hz,预设振幅A1=20mm;每个副周期性往复运动所用的时间t=1s。相邻的副周期性往复运动进行切换时,搅拌机构300无需回到当前副周期的运动原点,而是直接以当前副周期的终点为下一副周期的运动原点进行下一副周期的运动,这样,通过设置每个副周期的起点位置和终点位置,即设置副冲程,就可以使得一个主周期内,搅拌机构300在各个副周期的运动范围逐步外移,搅拌机构位置的峰值和谷值都逐渐增大,并在最后一个副周期中,搅拌机构300的最远移动位置到达逆转位置。同样的,当搅拌机构300在电镀腔100内运动完一个主周期时,驱动机构400驱动搅拌机构300到最后一个副周期的运动原点之后,继续驱动搅拌机构300回到第一个副周期的运动原点,即主周期的运动原点,然后继续进行下一个主周期性往复运动,实现充分搅拌电镀液的效果。
本发明还提出一种电镀方法,将晶圆500保持在盛放有电镀液的电镀腔中,对晶圆500进行电镀,提供一设置于电镀腔100内部且与晶圆500平行的搅拌机构300,搅拌机构300连接有驱动机构400,驱动机构400驱动搅拌机构300平行于晶圆500进行连续的主周期性往复运动,以使搅拌机构300搅动电镀液,其中,每个主周期性往复运动包括N个连续的副周期性往复运动,N为大于或等于2的整数,且相邻的副周期性往复运动的振幅和频率相等;
在同一个主周期内,搅拌机构300在前一个副周期的终点位置是在后一个 相邻副周期的起点位置,且搅拌机构300在同一个副周期内的副冲程为大于0的实数,其中,副冲程是搅拌机构300在同一个副周期内的终点位置的与起点位置之间的距离。
更进一步的,主周期性往复运动的起点位置为运动原点位置;主周期性往复运动的终点位置为逆转位置;逆转位置为搅拌机构在主周期性往复运动的过程中距离运动原点位置最远的位置;每个主周期性往复运动具有一个主冲程,主冲程是运动原点位置至逆转位置之间的距离。
更进一步地,同一工艺过程中,每个副周期性往复运动的振幅均相等。
更进一步地,当N大于或等于3时,同一主周期性往复运动中的副冲程可以相等也可以不相等。
根据本发明所提出的方案进行工艺过程中,对接近晶圆500下表面各处电镀液的流速进行仿真计算,结果请参考图7,图7示出了主周期性往复运动的各个副周期性往复运动过程中对应接近晶圆500下表面电镀液流速图,其中,横轴表示以晶圆中心为0坐标的晶圆的水平位置坐标,单位为mm,纵轴表示晶圆下表面的电镀液的流速,单位为mm/s;线601为第一个副周期性往复运动过程中,晶圆500下表面的电镀液的流速;线602为第二个副周期性往复运动过程中,晶圆500下表面的电镀液的流速;线603为第三个副周期性往复运动过程中,晶圆500下表面的电镀液的流速;线604为采用本发明实施例的电镀方式中晶圆下表面的电镀液的平均流速,具体为经历一个完整的主周期性往复运动之后,晶圆下表面各处的电镀液平均流速。由图7可知,虽然第一个副周期性往复运动、第二个副周期性往复运动和第三个副周期性往复运动过程中,晶圆下表面各处电镀液的流速差值(约为100mm/s)都较大,但是,当一个主周期性往复运动的过程完成之后,即经历第一个副周期性往复运动、第二个副周期性往复运动、第三个副周期性往复运动之后,由线604可知,晶圆下表面各处电镀液的流速基本维持在一个相对稳定的范围内,差值较小(约为20mm/s),且电镀液的流速也能维持在一个较高的流速(约为110mm/s)。表明经过本发明的电镀设备及电镀方法的设计,晶圆500下表面的电镀液的流速能够达到较为均匀且较高的水平,进而在保证电镀液的搅拌强度足够的情况下,达到稳定的均匀电镀的效果。
尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种电镀设备,其特征在于,包括:电镀腔、晶圆保持装置、搅拌机构及驱动机构;其中,
    所述电镀腔用于容纳电镀液;
    所述晶圆保持装置被配置为保持晶圆;
    所述搅拌机构设置于所述电镀腔内部,当所述晶圆保持装置保持有晶圆时,所述搅拌机构与所述晶圆平行设置;
    所述驱动机构被配置为驱动搅拌机构平行于所述晶圆进行连续的主周期性往复运动,以使所述搅拌机构搅动电镀液;
    其中,每个所述主周期性往复运动包括N个连续的副周期性往复运动,N为大于或等于2的整数,且相邻的副周期性往复运动的振幅和频率相等;
    在同一个主周期内,所述搅拌机构在前一个副周期的终点位置是在后一个相邻副周期的起点位置,并且所述搅拌机构在同一个副周期内的副冲程为大于0的实数,其中,所述副冲程是所述搅拌机构在同一个副周期内的终点位置与起点位置之间的距离。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电镀设备,其特征在于,所述主周期性往复运动的起点位置为运动原点位置,所述主周期性往复运动的终点位置为逆转位置,所述逆转位置为所述搅拌机构在所述主周期性往复运动的过程中距离所述运动原点位置最远的位置;每个所述主周期性往复运动具有一个主冲程,所述主冲程是所述运动原点位置至所述逆转位置之间的距离。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电镀设备,其特征在于,所述主冲程的范围包括:10-30mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电镀设备,其特征在于,同一工艺过程中,每个所述副周期性往复运动的振幅均相等。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电镀设备,其特征在于,当N大于或等于3时,同一所述主周期性往复运动中的各个副冲程可以相等也可以不相等。
  6. 根据权利要求1或5所述的电镀设备,其特征在于,
    所述副冲程的范围包括:1-10mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电镀设备,其特征在于,
    所述搅拌机构以预设频率做所述副周期性往复运动,其中,所述预设频率的范围包括:3-12Hz。
  8. 根据权利要求1或7所述的电镀设备,其特征在于,
    所述搅拌机构以预设振幅做所述副周期性往复运动,其中,所述预设振幅的范围包括:12-20mm。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电镀设备,其特征在于,
    每个所述副周期所用时间的范围包括:1-600s。
  10. 一种电镀方法,其特征在于,包括:
    将晶圆保持在盛放有电镀液的电镀腔中;
    驱动机构驱动搅拌机构平行于所述晶圆进行连续的主周期性往复运动,以使所述搅拌机构搅动电镀液;
    其中,每个所述主周期性往复运动包括N个连续的副周期性往复运动,N为大于或等于2的整数,且相邻的副周期性往复运动的振幅和频率相等;
    在同一个主周期内,所述搅拌机构在前一个副周期的终点位置是在后一个相邻副周期的起点位置,且所述搅拌机构在同一个副周期内的副冲程为大于0的实数,其中,所述副冲程是所述搅拌机构在同一个副周期内的终点位置的与起点位置之间的距离。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电镀方法,其特征在于,
    所述主周期性往复运动的起点位置为运动原点位置,所述主周期性往复运动的终点位置为逆转位置,所述逆转位置为所述搅拌机构在所述主周期性往复运动的过程中距离所述运动原点位置最远的位置;每个所述主周期性往复运动具有一个主冲程,所述主冲程是所述运动原点位置至所述逆转位置之间的距离。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电镀方法,其特征在于,
    同一工艺过程中,每个所述副周期性往复运动的振幅均相等。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的电镀方法,其特征在于,当N大于或等于3时,同一所述主周期性往复运动中的副冲程可以相等也可以不相等。
PCT/CN2024/091748 2023-06-29 2024-05-08 电镀设备及电镀方法 Ceased WO2025001522A1 (zh)

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JP2003119598A (ja) * 2001-10-11 2003-04-23 Electroplating Eng Of Japan Co カップ式めっき装置
JP3218165U (ja) * 2018-07-13 2018-09-27 深▲せん▼市創智成功科技有限公司 電気メッキ装置
CN114855244A (zh) * 2021-02-04 2022-08-05 盛美半导体设备(上海)股份有限公司 电镀装置及电镀方法
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JP2003119598A (ja) * 2001-10-11 2003-04-23 Electroplating Eng Of Japan Co カップ式めっき装置
JP3218165U (ja) * 2018-07-13 2018-09-27 深▲せん▼市創智成功科技有限公司 電気メッキ装置
CN114855244A (zh) * 2021-02-04 2022-08-05 盛美半导体设备(上海)股份有限公司 电镀装置及电镀方法
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