WO2024261919A1 - 電力変換装置及びその制御方法 - Google Patents

電力変換装置及びその制御方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024261919A1
WO2024261919A1 PCT/JP2023/022984 JP2023022984W WO2024261919A1 WO 2024261919 A1 WO2024261919 A1 WO 2024261919A1 JP 2023022984 W JP2023022984 W JP 2023022984W WO 2024261919 A1 WO2024261919 A1 WO 2024261919A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
switch
power
instantaneous value
duty ratio
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2023/022984
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
貴之 猪狩
滋春 山上
ジョルジョ ロビソン
克和 桑原
敏祐 甲斐
大雄 関屋
聞起 朱
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chiba University NUC
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Chiba University NUC
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Chiba University NUC, Nissan Motor Co Ltd filed Critical Chiba University NUC
Priority to PCT/JP2023/022984 priority Critical patent/WO2024261919A1/ja
Priority to JP2025527309A priority patent/JPWO2024261919A1/ja
Publication of WO2024261919A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024261919A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only

Definitions

  • Patent Document 1 describes a technology that uses a so-called class E inverter circuit, which performs zero voltage switching by voltage resonance operation of an LC resonance circuit to perform highly efficient power conversion, as a power conversion device that converts AC power supplied from an AC power source into DC power and supplies it to a DC load.
  • the power conversion device in Patent Document 1 is configured to control the operation of a switch so as to be suitable for converting input AC power to DC power, but when it is desired to convert input DC power to AC power, there is an issue in that the efficiency of power conversion cannot be improved even if the operation of the switch is similarly controlled.
  • the present invention was made in consideration of the above problems, and its purpose is to provide a power conversion device that can achieve low-loss turn-on operation of the switch and operate with high efficiency when converting DC power to AC power.
  • a control method for a power conversion device controls a switch of a power conversion device having a first conversion circuit having a switch.
  • the first conversion circuit is connected to a DC terminal.
  • the second conversion circuit is connected to an AC terminal.
  • An LC resonant circuit is connected between the first conversion circuit and the second conversion circuit.
  • the power conversion device converts DC power supplied from the DC terminal into AC power and outputs an AC voltage to the AC terminal.
  • the control method for the power conversion device detects an instantaneous value of the AC voltage output to the AC terminal, operates a switching frequency of the switch based on the instantaneous value of the AC voltage, increases the on-duty ratio of the switch as the instantaneous value of the AC voltage rises, and decreases the on-duty ratio of the switch as the instantaneous value of the AC voltage falls.
  • the present invention provides a power conversion device that can achieve low-loss turn-on operation of the switch when converting DC power to AC power, and can operate with high efficiency.
  • FIG. 3 is a contour diagram showing the loss at turn-on when the on-duty ratio and switching frequency of the first switch are changed, assuming that the instantaneous value of the AC voltage is 100 V in the power conversion device according to the first embodiment, and is a diagram superimposed with the trajectories of the on-duty ratio and switching frequency when the average power of the AC power is 250 W.
  • FIG. 4 is a contour diagram showing the loss at turn-on when the on-duty ratio and switching frequency of the first switch are changed, assuming that the instantaneous value of the AC voltage output is 50 V in the power conversion device according to the first embodiment, and is a diagram superimposed with the trajectories of the on-duty ratio and switching frequency when the average power of the AC power becomes 250 W.
  • FIG. 4 is a contour diagram showing the loss at turn-on when the on-duty ratio and switching frequency of the first switch are changed, assuming that the instantaneous value of the AC voltage output is 50 V in the power conversion device according to the first embodiment, and is a
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the instantaneous value of the AC voltage and a suitable on-duty ratio when the average power of the AC power is 250 W.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the instantaneous value of the AC voltage and a suitable on-duty ratio when the average power of the AC power is 50 W.
  • FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of a power conversion device according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of a power conversion device according to the third embodiment.
  • the first conversion circuit 11 is a class E inverter including a first bypass capacitor Cb1, a first reactor L1, a first parallel capacitor Cp1, and a first switch S1.
  • the first bypass capacitor Cb1 is connected in parallel to the DC terminals T1 and T2.
  • One end of the first reactor L1 is connected to one DC terminal T1.
  • the first parallel capacitor Cp1 has one end connected to the other end of the first reactor L1 and the other end connected to the other DC terminal T2.
  • the first switch S1 is connected in parallel to the first parallel capacitor Cp1.
  • the first switch S1 uses a semiconductor switching element such as an N-channel MOSFET, for example.
  • the second conversion circuit 12 includes an output polarity switching circuit 14, a second bypass capacitor Cb2, a second reactor L2, a second parallel capacitor Cp2, and a second diode D2.
  • the second bypass capacitor Cb2 is connected in parallel between one end and the other end of the output polarity switching circuit 14.
  • One end of the second reactor L2 is connected to one end of the output polarity switching circuit 14.
  • One end of the second parallel capacitor Cp2 is connected to the other end of the second reactor L2, and the other end is connected to the other end of the output polarity switching circuit 14.
  • the second diode D2 is connected in parallel with the second parallel capacitor Cp2.
  • the output polarity switching circuit 14 includes a first changeover switch Sa, a second changeover switch Sb, a third changeover switch Sc, and a fourth changeover switch Sd.
  • the first changeover switch Sa, the second changeover switch Sb, the third changeover switch Sc, and the fourth changeover switch Sd use semiconductor switching elements such as N-channel MOSFETs.
  • One end of the first changeover switch Sa and one end of the third changeover switch Sc are connected to one end of the output polarity switching circuit 14.
  • the other end of the first changeover switch Sa and one end of the second changeover switch Sb are connected in series.
  • the other end of the third changeover switch Sc and one end of the fourth changeover switch Sd are connected in series.
  • the LC resonant circuit 13 is a series circuit of a resonant capacitor Cr and a resonant reactor Lr.
  • An AC voltage detection circuit 15 is connected between AC terminals T3 and T4, and detects the AC voltage V2 output to the load 3.
  • the control unit 20 monitors the instantaneous value of the AC voltage V2 detected by the AC voltage detection circuit 15, and controls the on/off of the first switch S1 of the first conversion circuit 11 and the first to fourth switches Sa-Sd of the output polarity switching circuit 14.
  • the first switch S1 repeatedly turns on and off at a high-frequency switching frequency fs, generating a high-frequency resonant current Ir1 in the LC resonant circuit 13.
  • the resonant current Ir1 then flows through the second conversion circuit 12, which is a rectifier circuit, and the high-frequency components are rectified to become a rectified current Ir2 with a full-wave rectified waveform of, for example, 100 Hz.
  • the control unit 20 compares the instantaneous value of the detected AC voltage V2 with a target value for the instantaneous value of the AC voltage V2, and controls the switching frequency fs of the first switch S1 so that the difference between them becomes small, thereby supplying the desired AC power to the load 3.
  • the resonant voltage Vr1 which is the voltage across the first switch S1 and the first parallel capacitor Cp1, rises and falls due to the voltage and current changes in the LC resonant circuit 13.
  • the first switch S1 is turned on, that is, switched from the off state to the on state, thereby reducing the loss that occurs when the first switch S1 is turned on.
  • the resonant voltage Vr1 always continues to fluctuate at the high-frequency switching frequency fs, it is essential to turn on the first switch S1 at the appropriate timing.
  • FIG. 2 is a contour diagram showing the loss at turn-on when the on-duty ratio Ron and switching frequency fs of the first switch S1 are changed under the condition that the AC voltage V2 has a frequency of 50 Hz and an effective value of 100 V in the power conversion device 1 and the AC voltage V2 has a maximum absolute value of 141 V.
  • the figure also shows the trajectories of the on-duty ratio Ron and switching frequency fs at which the average power of the AC power is 250 W (i.e., 500 W as the instantaneous power when the instantaneous value of the AC voltage V2 is 141 V), which are superimposed.
  • the on-duty ratio Ron is the ratio expressed as on-duty time/(on-duty time + off-duty time).
  • the part of the contour diagram where the trajectory of the average power of 250 W passes over the area where the loss at turn-on is zero can output the instantaneous power of 500 W required for an output of an average power of 250 W, and can realize low-loss switching with zero loss at turn-on.
  • the switching frequency fs is manipulated to control the AC power
  • the parameter that can be manipulated to suppress losses at turn-on is the on-duty ratio Ron. Therefore, under the condition that the AC voltage V2 outputs an instantaneous voltage of 141 V and an instantaneous power of 500 W, it can be said that it is preferable to set the switching frequency fs to about 0.95 MHz and the on-duty ratio Ron between 0.43 and 0.51.
  • Figure 3 is a contour diagram showing the loss at turn-on when the on-duty ratio Ron and switching frequency fs of the first switch S1 are changed, assuming that the instantaneous value of the AC voltage V2 in the power conversion device 1 is 100V, and is a diagram superimposed with the trajectory of the on-duty ratio Ron and switching frequency fs when the average power of the AC power is 250W (250W as the instantaneous power when the instantaneous value of the AC voltage V2 is 100V). Under these conditions, when the switching frequency fs is about 1.02MHz, the suitable on-duty ratio Ron value for turning on the first switch S1 at zero voltage is between 0.35 and 0.42.
  • FIG. 4 shows a contour diagram showing the loss at turn-on when the on-duty ratio Ron and switching frequency fs of the first switch S1 are changed, assuming that the instantaneous value of the AC voltage V2 in the power conversion device 1 is 50 V, and a diagram showing the trajectories of the on-duty ratio Ron and switching frequency fs when the average power of the AC power is 250 W (62.5 W as the instantaneous power when the instantaneous value of the AC voltage V2 is 50 V) superimposed.
  • the value of the suitable on-duty ratio Ron that allows the lowest-loss turn-on is between 0.15 and 0.21 when the switching frequency fs is about 1.15 MHz.
  • the inventors' research has revealed that the value of the suitable on-duty ratio Ron for realizing low-loss turn-on of the first switch S1 changes dynamically with changes in the instantaneous value of the AC voltage V2.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the instantaneous value of AC voltage V2 and the suitable on-duty ratio Ron when the average power of the AC power is 250 W.
  • the suitable on-duty ratio Ron increases or decreases as the instantaneous value of AC voltage V2 increases or decreases. That is, the control unit 20 controls the first switch S1 to increase the on-duty ratio Ron in response to an increase in the instantaneous value of AC voltage V2, and to decrease the on-duty ratio Ron in response to a decrease in the instantaneous value of AC voltage V2.
  • Fig. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the instantaneous value of AC voltage V2 and the suitable on-duty ratio Ron when the power conversion device 1 outputs an effective value of AC voltage V2 of 100 V and operates with a smaller average AC power of 50 W. Comparing Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, when the AC power flowing through the load 3 is large, it is possible to suppress losses at turn-on by setting the on-duty ratio Ron to a high value.
  • the value of the on-duty ratio Ron corresponding to the instantaneous value of the AC voltage V2 of the power conversion device 1 can be obtained, for example, as follows.
  • the relational equation between the instantaneous value of the AC voltage V2 and the on-duty ratio Ron obtained by fitting the graph in FIG. 5 is stored in the control unit 20.
  • the on-duty ratio Ron is set to the value calculated by the control unit 20 from the relational equation according to the instantaneous value of the AC voltage V2.
  • the relational equation between the instantaneous value of the AC voltage V2 and the on-duty ratio Ron obtained by fitting the graph in FIG. 6 is stored in the control unit 20.
  • the on-duty ratio Ron is set to the value calculated by the control unit 20 from the relational equation according to the instantaneous value of the AC voltage V2.
  • a table of the relationship between the instantaneous value of the AC voltage V2 obtained from the relational expression and the on-duty ratio Ron may be stored in the control unit 20, and the on-duty ratio Ron may be set to a value corresponding to the instantaneous value of the AC voltage V2 of the power conversion device 1 based on this table.
  • the on-duty ratio Ron can be set to a value corresponding to the instantaneous value of the AC voltage V2 by the control unit 20.
  • the on-duty ratio Ron when the on-duty ratio Ron is obtained using the relational expression between the instantaneous value of the AC voltage V2 and the on-duty ratio Ron, the on-duty ratio Ron may be a value of 0 or less when the instantaneous value is small. In such a case, the on-duty ratio Ron may be set to zero.
  • the first switch S1 when converting DC power to AC power, the first switch S1 is controlled to change the on-duty ratio Ron according to the instantaneous value of the AC voltage V2, thereby realizing a low-loss turn-on operation of the first switch S1 and enabling the power conversion device 1 to operate with high efficiency.
  • the same effect can be obtained by providing an AC current detection circuit that detects the AC current I2 instead of the AC voltage detection circuit 15, and controlling the control unit 20 to increase or decrease the on-duty ratio Ron of the first switch S1 as the instantaneous value of the AC current I2 increases or decreases.
  • Second Embodiment 7 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a power conversion device 1A according to the second embodiment.
  • the power conversion device 1A is different from the power conversion device 1 according to the first embodiment in that the power conversion device 1A further includes an AC current detection circuit 16 that detects an AC current I2 supplied to a load 3 from AC terminals T3 and T4.
  • control unit 20 controls the on-duty ratio Ron of the first switch S1 based on the instantaneous value of the AC voltage V2 detected by the AC voltage detection circuit 15 and the instantaneous value of the AC current I2 detected by the AC current detection circuit 16.
  • the power conversion device 1A When converting DC power to AC power, the power conversion device 1A detects the instantaneous value of the AC current I2 in addition to the change in the instantaneous value of the AC voltage V2. When the value of the AC power obtained by integrating the instantaneous values of the AC voltage V2 and the AC current I2, or the instantaneous values of the AC voltage V2 and the AC current I2, rises or falls, the on-duty ratio Ron is increased or decreased.
  • the power conversion device 1A can achieve low-loss turn-on operation of the first switch S1, making it possible to operate the power conversion device 1A with high efficiency even under conditions in which the AC power supplied to the load 3 changes.
  • Third Embodiment 8 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of a power conversion device 1B according to the third embodiment.
  • the power conversion device 1B differs from the power conversion device 1A according to the second embodiment in that the power conversion device 1B has a first diode D1 in parallel with the first switch S1 of the first conversion circuit 11 and a second switch S2 in parallel with the second diode D2 of the second conversion circuit 12.
  • the second switch S2 uses a semiconductor switching element such as an N-channel MOSFET.
  • the power conversion device 1B performs power conversion from DC power from the DC power source 2, and when supplying AC power to the load 3, similar to the power conversion devices 1 and 1A of the first and second embodiments, the first switch S1 of the first conversion circuit 11 is switched on and off, and the first conversion circuit 11 performs power conversion operation as an E-class inverter. At this time, the second switch S2 is turned off.
  • the switch S2 of the second conversion circuit performs a high-frequency on-off switching operation to operate as an E-class inverter.
  • a high-frequency current is generated in the LC resonant circuit 13
  • the first conversion circuit 11 including the first diode D1 operates as a rectifier to rectify the high-frequency current, thereby supplying DC power to the DC power source 2.
  • the control unit 20 turns on the first switch Sa and fourth switch Sd of the output polarity switching circuit 14, turns off the second switch Sb and third switch Sc, and also turns off the first switch S1.
  • control unit 20 operates the switching frequency fs2 of the second switch S2 based on the AC voltage V2 detected by the AC voltage detection circuit 15 and the AC current I2 detected by the AC current detection circuit 16, and controls the DC voltage, DC current, or DC power supplied to the DC terminals T1 and T2.
  • the power conversion device 1B can also realize a low-loss turn-on operation of the first switch S1 when converting DC power to AC power, allowing it to operate with high efficiency. Furthermore, the power conversion device 1B can function as a bidirectional power conversion device that can convert not only the DC power of the DC power source 2 to AC power supplied to the load 3, but also the AC power of the AC power source 4 to DC power supplied to the DC power source 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
PCT/JP2023/022984 2023-06-21 2023-06-21 電力変換装置及びその制御方法 Ceased WO2024261919A1 (ja)

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PCT/JP2023/022984 WO2024261919A1 (ja) 2023-06-21 2023-06-21 電力変換装置及びその制御方法
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012165499A (ja) * 2011-02-03 2012-08-30 Nippon Soken Inc 電力変換装置
JP2013251983A (ja) * 2012-05-31 2013-12-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 電力変換装置
JP2015228728A (ja) * 2014-05-30 2015-12-17 住友電気工業株式会社 変換装置

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012165499A (ja) * 2011-02-03 2012-08-30 Nippon Soken Inc 電力変換装置
JP2013251983A (ja) * 2012-05-31 2013-12-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 電力変換装置
JP2015228728A (ja) * 2014-05-30 2015-12-17 住友電気工業株式会社 変換装置

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