WO2024254904A1 - 超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法、设备及介质 - Google Patents
超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法、设备及介质 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Definitions
- the present invention belongs to the field of wireless communications, and more specifically, relates to a super-directional antenna array multi-user precoding method, device and medium.
- super-directional antenna arrays as a narrow-beam super-directional array, have the potential to become a key technology for the next generation of wireless communication systems.
- traditional antenna arrays in order to reduce the mutual coupling between antennas, an antenna spacing of about half a wavelength is usually used, but this also means that the array gain is only proportional to the number of antennas M.
- the antenna array gain can be improved in proportion to M2 .
- the present invention provides a super-directional antenna array multi-user precoding method, device and medium, aiming to solve the technical problem that the existing traditional multi-user beamforming scheme ignores the coupling effect between antennas, resulting in the inability to achieve the super-directivity of the array, thereby failing to improve the system spectrum efficiency when the base station is a compact array.
- the present invention provides a super-directional antenna array multi-user precoding method, comprising:
- N the dimension of the interfering user channel space, represents the channel state information of the ith terminal user
- M the total number of antennas on the network device side
- K the total number of terminal users communicating
- M ⁇ K the total number of terminal users communicating
- the method further includes: updating the matrix Z to Z+ ⁇ , where is the regularization matrix of the matrix Z.
- r loss and R rad are the loss and radiation impedance of the antenna, respectively.
- IM is the M ⁇ M unit matrix.
- L, a, f, ⁇ , ⁇ , and k are the length, radius, operating frequency, magnetic permeability, electrical conductivity, and wave number of the antenna, respectively.
- ⁇ 2 is the Gaussian noise power
- k( ⁇ , ⁇ ) is the antenna pattern function
- ⁇ and ⁇ are the far-field coordinate components in the spherical coordinate system
- IM is the M ⁇ M unit matrix.
- r loss and R rad are the loss and radiation impedance of the antenna, respectively
- IM is the M ⁇ M unit matrix
- L a, f, ⁇ , ⁇ and k are the length, radius, operating frequency, magnetic permeability, electrical conductivity and wave number of the antenna, respectively
- ⁇ 2 is the Gaussian noise power
- k( ⁇ , ⁇ ) is the antenna pattern function
- ⁇ and ⁇ are the far-field coordinate components in the spherical coordinate system, respectively.
- the unitary matrix is constructed Specifically:
- zmn represents the coupling coefficient between the mth and nth antennas
- k( ⁇ , ⁇ ) is the antenna pattern function
- ⁇ and ⁇ are the far-field coordinate components in the spherical coordinate system
- k is the wave number of the antenna
- rm and rn are the coordinates of the mth and nth antennas respectively
- m 1,...,M
- n 1,...,M.
- N ⁇ K-1 calculate Then N non-zero vectors will be obtained, and the N non-zero vectors are selected as the last N columns of U.
- the present invention provides a super-directional antenna array multi-user precoding method, comprising:
- the matrix R is obtained by cutting the last MN columns of the unitary matrix W, where
- the present invention provides a network device, comprising:
- Construction unit used to construct a unitary matrix for the terminal user u
- the first truncation unit is used to truncate the first MN rows of the matrix U H h u to obtain the matrix ⁇ u , where h u represents the channel state information of the u-th terminal user, and the superscript H represents the conjugate transpose;
- the second interception unit is used to intercept the first MN rows and the first MN columns of the matrix U H ZU to obtain a matrix ⁇ , where matrix
- the elements in Z represent the coupling coefficients between any two antennas;
- a calculation unit used to calculate the precoding matrix of the u-th terminal user in The superscript * indicates conjugation.
- the present invention provides a network device, comprising:
- the truncation unit is used to truncate the last MN columns of the unitary matrix W to obtain the matrix R, where
- a calculation unit used to calculate the precoding matrix of the u-th terminal user in The superscript * indicates conjugation, h u indicates the channel state information of the u-th terminal user, and the matrix
- the elements in Z represent the coupling coefficients between any two antennas, and the superscript H represents the conjugate transpose.
- the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising:
- a memory configured to store executable instructions of the processor
- the processor is configured to execute the super-directional antenna array multi-user precoding method described in the first aspect or the second aspect by executing the executable instructions.
- the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer execution instructions.
- the computer-readable storage medium stores computer execution instructions.
- the present invention utilizes the progressive orthogonality of different user channels and proposes a low-complexity solution to solve the convex optimization problem.
- the precoding matrix of each terminal user is obtained.
- the solution fully considers the coupling between antennas and can better distinguish and process the communication signals between different terminal users, thereby significantly improving the spectrum efficiency and capacity of the system to meet the growing communication needs.
- the present invention introduces a regularization matrix to overcome the problem of reduced system capacity due to ohmic loss and inaccurate channel estimation in actual super-directional multi-user communication systems.
- the present invention proposes a simplified solution to solve the convex optimization problem, specifically: first find the optimal solution of the objective function, and then project the optimal solution onto the null space of the interfering user; thereby avoiding multiple matrix operations.
- FIG1 is a directional diagram obtained by performing super-directional zero-forcing beamforming on a target user in a simulation provided by the present invention
- 3 is a spectrum efficiency SE-SNR comparison diagram of the first and third invention solutions, the traditional maximum ratio transmission, and the zero-forcing transmission solution under the simulated multi-user condition provided by the present invention.
- the present invention can be applied to wireless communication systems.
- the wireless communication systems mentioned in the embodiments of the present application include but are not limited to: Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Code Division Multiple Access 2000 (CDMA), and the like.
- NB-IoT Narrow Band-Internet of Things
- GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
- EDGE Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution
- WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
- CDMA2000 Time Division-Synchronization Code Division Multiple Access
- LTE Long Term Evolution
- 5G mobile communication system enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) and massive machine-type communications (mMTC).
- eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
- URLLC ultra-reliable and low latency communications
- mMTC massive machine-type communications
- the communication device involved in the present invention mainly includes network side equipment or terminal equipment.
- the transmitting end in the present invention is the network side equipment, and the receiving end is the terminal equipment; or, the transmitting end in the present invention is the terminal equipment, and the receiving end is the network side equipment.
- the terminal device of the present invention may be a wireless terminal, which may be a device that provides voice and/or other service data connectivity to a user, a handheld device with a wireless connection function, or other processing equipment connected to a wireless modem.
- the wireless terminal may be connected to a wireless access network (radio).
- the wireless terminal can communicate with one or more core networks through a wireless access network (RAN).
- the wireless terminal can be a mobile terminal, such as a mobile phone (or "cellular" phone) and a computer with a mobile terminal, for example, a portable, pocket-sized, handheld, computer-built-in or vehicle-mounted mobile device, which exchanges language and/or data with the wireless access network.
- the wireless terminal can also be called a system, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal, an access terminal, a user terminal, a user agent, a user device or user equipment, which is not limited here.
- the network side device of the present invention can be a device for communicating with a terminal device, for example, it can be a base station (base transceiver station, BTS) in a GSM system or CDMA, it can also be a base station (nodeB, NB) in a WCDMA system, it can also be an evolved base station (evolutional nodeB, eNB or eNodeB) in an LTE system, it can also be a next generation base station (next generation eNodeB, ngeNB) in an LTE system, or the network side device can be a relay station, an access point (access point, AP), a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, and a network side device in a 5G network or a network side device in a future evolved public land mobile network (public land mobile network, PLMN), etc., for example, it can be a new generation base station (generation nodeB, gNB or gNodeB).
- BTS base transceiver station
- v, ⁇ v and ⁇ v are the UE moving speed, horizontal angle and pitch angle respectively.
- the base station includes N v rows and N h columns of antennas.
- fi is the frequency of the i-th subcarrier and satisfies 1 ⁇ i ⁇ Nf .
- the signal received by the u-th end user UE at time t and subcarrier f is
- MRT Maximum Ratio Transmission
- ⁇ is the power constraint coefficient of the base station on the beamforming vector
- h is the channel state information (CSI) of the target user measured by the base station
- h * is its conjugate.
- the maximum ratio transmission scheme only focuses on the useful signal of the target user and ignores the interference of other users.
- the zero forcing (ZF) scheme is committed to eliminating interference between different users, but does not consider the impact of noise.
- the precoding matrix of the MRT scheme can be expressed as the product of the normalized value of the target user channel vector and the transmitted signal
- the precoding matrix of the ZF scheme can be expressed as the product of the pseudo-inverse of the channel transmission matrix and the received signal vector, thereby eliminating interference between different users and obtaining the desired signal.
- H [h 1 , h 2 , ..., h K ] is a matrix composed of channel state information of K terminal users, and the kth column in W ZF is the precoding vector of the kth terminal user.
- the ZF scheme can achieve a good system sum rate in areas with high signal-to-noise ratio; in areas with low signal-to-noise ratio, since it ignores the influence of noise, the total rate that the system can reach is not as high as the MRT scheme.
- a m is the excitation coefficient of the mth antenna
- k is the wave number
- r m is the coordinate of the mth antenna
- m 1,...,M.
- the directivity coefficient D( ⁇ 0 , ⁇ 0 ) in the direction ( ⁇ 0 , ⁇ 0 ) is defined as:
- the maximum directivity coefficient is:
- the present invention incorporates the coupling effect between antennas into the analysis model in a compact antenna array, and provides a multi-user beamforming precoding algorithm to achieve improved spectrum efficiency.
- a u is the beamforming vector of u terminal users.
- the present invention proposes the following optimization problem:
- This problem is a convex optimization problem with linear constraints, which can be solved by some optimization toolboxes, such as CVX, Gurobi, etc., but it requires multiple iterations of optimization, which is very complex and cannot meet the real-time communication requirements of base stations.
- the present invention proposes an optimal low-complexity solution by utilizing the progressive orthogonality of different user channels.
- orthogonalize the interfering user channel is the matrix composed of the interference user channel vectors, then the orthogonalized interference user standard orthogonal basis is in:
- ⁇ and ⁇ are also block matrices.
- the present invention proposes a super-directional antenna array multi-user precoding method, comprising:
- N the dimension of the interfering user channel space, represents the channel state information of the ith terminal user
- M the total number of antennas on the network device side
- K the total number of terminal users communicating
- M ⁇ K the total number of terminal users communicating
- the present invention proposes a simplified scheme of the scheme 1: a super-directional interference null space projection method.
- the solution to this optimization problem in this scheme is to first find the optimal solution of the objective function, and then project this optimal solution onto the null space of the interfering user.
- the present invention proposes another super-directional antenna array multi-user precoding method, comprising:
- the matrix R is obtained by cutting the last MN columns of the unitary matrix W, where
- Calculate the precoding matrix of the u-th terminal user in represents the channel state information of the u-th terminal user, the matrix
- the elements in Z represent the coupling coefficients between any two antennas, the superscript H represents conjugate transpose, and the superscript * represents conjugation.
- the present invention proposes a third solution: regularized super-directional zero-forcing multi-user transmission. That is, it solves the following optimization problem:
- ⁇ is the regularization matrix. Note that the solution to the optimization problem (37) is the same as that to the optimization problem (21). Here are three methods for determining ⁇ .
- the gain of an antenna is the product of the radiation efficiency and the directivity coefficient:
- the antenna loss r loss is
- ⁇ is determined by the inaccuracy of the channel estimate.
- nu is the estimated Gaussian noise, satisfying nu ⁇ C(0, ⁇ 2 ), that is, nu obeys a complex Gaussian distribution with zero mean and variance ⁇ 2 , and
- 1.
- the calculation method for the elements in Z R is:
- IM is an M ⁇ M matrix
- the third method is to consider both ohmic loss and channel estimation error at the same time.
- the precoding matrix a u of the u-th terminal user can be calculated.
- Each beamforming vector is subject to a power constraint such that the transmit power of each user is (When considering ohmic loss or channel estimation error, ).
- the signal strength at the angle of the target user is the strongest, while the signal strength at the angles of other users is close to 0, indicating that the first solution of the present invention can effectively enhance the signal of the target user while reducing interference to other users.
- the present invention achieves a significant improvement in spectrum efficiency compared to traditional maximum ratio transmission and zero-forcing transmission schemes by considering the coupling in the compact array and utilizing its super-directivity.
- the first scheme of the present invention performs best because it not only utilizes the enhancement of user signals by super-directivity, but also considers the influence of interference from other users.
- the second scheme of the present invention is not as good as the first scheme of the present invention because it simply projects the optimal solution of super-directivity shaping onto the null space of the interfering user, but is worse than the traditional maximum ratio transmission and zero-forcing schemes.
- the maximum ratio transmission and zero-forcing transmission ignore the coupling of the antenna array and do not utilize its super-directivity, their performance is not as good as the scheme proposed by the present invention at all SNRs.
- each antenna works in the 1.6 GHz frequency band
- the material is copper
- the radius is 0.75 mm
- the length is 85 mm
- the magnetic permeability is 4 ⁇ 10 -7
- the electrical conductivity is 5.8 ⁇ 10 7
- the number of antennas is 20
- the spacing is 0.25 wavelengths
- the number of users is 8, the simulation results are shown in FIG3 .
- a network device comprising:
- Construction unit used to construct a unitary matrix for the terminal user u
- the first truncation unit is used to truncate the first MN rows of the matrix U H h u to obtain the matrix ⁇ u , where h u represents the channel state information of the u-th terminal user, and the superscript H represents the conjugate transpose;
- the second interception unit is used to intercept the first MN rows and the first MN columns of the matrix U H ZU to obtain a matrix ⁇ , where matrix
- the elements in Z represent the coupling coefficients between any two antennas;
- a calculation unit used to calculate the precoding matrix of the u-th terminal user in The superscript * indicates conjugation.
- Another network device comprising:
- the truncation unit is used to truncate the last MN columns of the unitary matrix W to obtain the matrix R, where
- a calculation unit used to calculate the precoding matrix of the u-th terminal user in The superscript * indicates conjugation, h u indicates the channel state information of the u-th terminal user, and the matrix
- the elements in Z represent the coupling coefficients between any two antennas, and the superscript H represents the conjugate transpose.
- An electronic device comprising:
- a memory configured to store executable instructions of the processor
- the processor is configured to execute the super-directional antenna array multi-user precoding method described in Embodiment 1 by executing the executable instructions.
- a computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions.
- a processor executes the computer-executable instructions, the super-directional antenna array multi-user precoding method as described in Embodiment 1 is implemented.
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法、设备及介质,属于无线通信领域。方法包括:对于用户u,构造酉矩阵式(1)所述酉矩阵U的后N(N≤K-1)列分别为干扰用户信道空间span{hi,i=1,...,K,i≠u}的标准正交基,其中N为干扰用户信道空间的维数,式(2)表示第i个终端用户的信道状态信息,M为网络设备侧天线总数,K为进行通信的终端用户总数,且满足M≥K;截取矩阵UHhu的前M-N行得到矩阵ηu,其中式(3),hu表示第u个终端用户的信道状态信息,上标H表示共轭转置;截取矩阵UHZU的前M-N行、前M-N列,得到矩阵Ξ,其中,式(4)矩阵式(5),Z中元素表示任意两根天线的耦合系数;计算得到第u个终端用户的预编码矩阵式(6),其中式(7)能够显著提高系统的频谱效率和容量,以满足日益增长的通信需求。
Description
本发明属于无线通信领域,更具体地,涉及一种超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法、设备及介质。
在Massive MIMO的早期研究中,人们对基站端天线数目趋于无限时的信道特征进行了深入分析。然而,在实际应用中,由于技术和理论的不成熟,天线之间的距离仍然受到半波长限制,因此在固定尺寸的天线面板上部署大量天线以接近理论上的信道容量仍然存在挑战。近年来,随着Massive MIMO技术的进一步成熟和通信系统对频谱效率的要求不断提高,如何解决通过部署超密集天线阵列以实现系统吞吐率提升的问题已成为无线通信领域的难点。
5G背景下,面对信号衰减大、无法部署超大规模天线阵列的缺陷,超方向性天线阵列作为一种窄波束的超方向性阵列,具有成为下一代无线通信系统关键技术的潜力。传统的天线阵列中,为了减少天线之间的互耦合,通常采用半波长左右的天线间距,但这也导致阵列增益只能与天线数M成正比。而在超方向性天线阵列中,通过缩小天线间距,充分利用天线之间强烈的互耦合作用,可以实现天线阵列增益与M2成正比的性能提升。
然而,目前针对超方向性天线阵列在无线通信系统中的应用研究尚未深入展开。传统的MIMO阵列可以通过波束赋形来实现空间复用,从而显著提高系统吞吐量。但是,在考虑耦合作用的情况下,如何利用超方向性天线阵列实现多用户无线通信场景的问题,目前还没有相应解决方案。
【发明内容】
针对以上缺陷或改进需求,本发明提供了一种超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法、设备及介质,旨在解决现有传统的多用户波束赋形方案由于忽略了天线间的耦合作用,导致无法实现阵列的超方向性,从而不能在基站为紧凑阵列时提升系统频谱效率的技术问题。
为实现上述目的,第一方面,本发明提供了一种超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法,包括:
对终端用户u,构造酉矩阵所述酉矩阵U的后N(N≤K-1)列分别为干扰用户信道空间span{hi,i=1,...,K,i≠u}的标准正交基,其中N为干扰用户信道空间的维数,表示第i个终端用户的信道状态信息,M为网络设备侧天线总数,K为进行通信的终端用户总数,且满足M≥K;
截取矩阵UHhu的前M-N行得到矩阵ηu,其中hu表示第u个终端用户的信道状态信息,上标H表示共轭转置;
截取矩阵UHZU的前M-N行、前M-N列,得到矩阵Ξ,其中,矩阵Z中元素表示任意两根天线的耦合系数;
计算得到第u个终端用户的预编码矩阵其中上标*表示共轭。
进一步地,在截取矩阵UHZU的前M-N行、前M-N列,得到矩阵Ξ之前,所述方法还包括:将矩阵Z更新为Z+Λ,其中为矩阵Z的正则化矩阵。
进一步地,正则化矩阵Λ为:
Rrad≈24.7(kL/2)2.5
其中,rloss和Rrad分别为天线的损耗和辐射阻抗,IM为M×M的单位矩阵,L、a、f、μ、σ和k分别为天线的长度、半径、工作频率、磁导率、电导率和波数。
进一步地,正则化矩阵Λ为:
其中,∈2为高斯噪声功率,k(θ,φ)为天线的方向图函数,θ和φ分别为球坐标系下的远场坐标分量,IM为M×M的单位矩阵。
进一步地,正则化矩阵Λ为:
Rrad≈24.7(kL/2)2.5
其中,rloss和Rrad分别为天线的损耗和辐射阻抗,IM为M×M的单位矩阵,L、a、f、μ、σ和k分别为天线的长度、半径、工作频率、磁导率、电导率和波数,∈2为高斯噪声功率,k(θ,φ)为天线的方向图函数,θ和φ分别为球坐标系下的远场坐标分量。
进一步地,所述构造酉矩阵具体为:
构造总干扰协方差矩阵:
对Rint做SVD分解得:
Rint=WHΛW
酉矩阵U为:
U=[W后M-N列,W前N列]。
进一步地,矩阵
其中,zmn表示第m根和第n根天线的耦合系数,k(θ,φ)为天线的方向图函数,θ和φ分别为球坐标系下的远场坐标分量,k为天线的波数,为球坐标系下的单位矢量,rm和rn分别为第m根和第n根天线的坐标,m=1,…,M,n=1,…,M。
进一步地,所述酉矩阵U的后N(N≤K-1)列分别为干扰用户信道空间span{hi,i=1,...,K,i≠u}的标准正交基,包括:
令为干扰用户信道向量组成的矩阵,若N=K-1,所述酉矩阵U的后K-1列分别为其中:
若N<K-1,计算后将得到N个非零向量,选取所述N个非零向量作为U的后N列。
第二方面,本发明提供了一种超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法,包括:
对终端用户u,构造酉矩阵所述酉矩阵W的前N(N≤K-1)列分别为干扰用户信道空间span{hi,i=1,...,K,i≠u}的标准正交基,其中N为干扰用户信道空间的维数,表示第i个终端用户的信道状态信息,M为网络设备侧天线总数,K为进行通信的终端用户总数,且满足M≥K;
截取酉矩阵W的后M-N列得到矩阵R,其中
计算得到第u个终端用户的预编码矩阵其中上标*表示共轭,hu表示第u个终端用户的信道状态信息,矩阵Z中元素表示任意两根天线的耦合系数,上标H表示共轭转置。
第三方面,本发明提供了一种网络设备,包括:
构造单元,用于对终端用户u,构造酉矩阵所述酉矩阵U的后N(N≤K-1)列分别为干扰用户信道空间span{hi,i=1,...,K,i≠u}的标准正交基,其中N为干扰用户信道空间的维数,表示第i个终端用户的信道状态信息,M为网络设备侧天线总数,K为进行通信的终端用户总数,且满足M≥K;
第一截取单元,用于截取矩阵UHhu的前M-N行得到矩阵ηu,其中hu表示第u个终端用户的信道状态信息,上标H表示共轭转置;
第二截取单元,用于截取矩阵UHZU的前M-N行、前M-N列,得到矩阵Ξ,其中,矩阵Z中元素表示任意两根天线的耦合系数;
计算单元,用于计算得到第u个终端用户的预编码矩阵其中上标*表示共轭。
第四方面,本发明提供了一种网络设备,包括:
构造单元,用于对终端用户u,构造酉矩阵所述酉矩阵W的前N(N≤K-1)列分别为干扰用户信道空间span{hi,i=1,...,K,i≠u}的标准正交基,其中N为干扰用户信道空间的维数,表示第i个终端用户的信道状态信息,M为网络设备侧天线总数,K为进行通信的终端用户总数,且满足M≥K;
截取单元,用于截取酉矩阵W的后M-N列得到矩阵R,其中
计算单元,用于计算得到第u个终端用户的预编码矩阵其中上标*表示共轭,hu表示第u个终端用户的信道状态信息,矩阵Z中元素表示任意两根天线的耦合系数,上标H表示共轭转置。
第五方面,本发明提供了一种电子设备,包括:
处理器;以及
存储器,用于存储所述处理器的可执行指令;
其中,所述处理器配置为经由执行所述可执行指令来执行第一方面或第二方面所述的超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法。
第六方面,本发明提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机执行指令,当处理器执行所述计算机执行指令时,实现如第一方面或第二方面所述的超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法。
总体而言,通过本发明提出的以上技术方案与现有技术相比,能够取得下列有益效果:
(1)本发明利用不同用户信道的渐进正交特性,提出了一种低复杂度的方案求解凸优化问题,通过构造酉矩阵,并进行相应的数学变换,从而得到各终端用户的预编码矩阵。该方案充分考虑天线之间的耦合,并能够更好地区分和处理不同终端用户之间的通信信号,从而可以显著提高系统的频谱效率和容量,以满足日益增长的通信需求。
(2)本发明通过引入正则化矩阵,以克服实际的超方向性多用户通信系统中,由于欧姆损耗和信道估计不准确等原因,出现系统容量下降的问题。
(3)本发明提出了一种简化方案来求解凸优化问题,具体为:先求出目标函数的最优解,再把这个最优解投影在干扰用户的零空间上;从而避免了多次矩阵运算。
图1是本发明提供的仿真对目标用户进行超方向性迫零波束赋形得到的方向图;
图2是本发明提供的仿真多用户情况下发明方案一与发明方案二、传统的最大比传输、迫零传输方案的频谱效率SE-SNR对比图;
图3是本发明提供的仿真多用户情况下发明方案一与发明方案三、传统的最大比传输、迫零传输方案的频谱效率SE-SNR对比图。
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明可以应用于无线通信系统,需要说明的是,本申请实施例提及的无线通信系统包括但不限于:窄带物联网系统(Narrow Band-Internet of Things,NB-IoT)、全球移动通信系统(Global System for Mobile Communications,GSM)、增强型数据速率GSM演进系统(Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution,EDGE)、宽带码分多址系统(Wideband Code Division Multiple Access,WCDMA)、码分多址2000系统(Code Division Multiple Access,CDMA2000)、时分同步码分多址系统(Time Division-Synchronization Code Division Multiple Access,TD-SCDMA),长期演进系统(Long Term Evolution,LTE)以及5G移动通信系统的三大应用场景增强型移动宽带(Enhanced Mobile Broad Band,eMBB)、超高可靠与低时延通信(Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications,URLLC)以及大规模机器通信(Massive Machine-Type Communications,mMTC)。
本发明涉及的通信装置主要包括网络侧设备或者终端设备。本发明中的发送端为网络侧设备,则接收端为终端设备;或者,本发明中的发送端为终端设备,则接收端为网络侧设备。
本发明的终端设备可以是无线终端,无线终端可以是指向用户提供语音和/或其他业务数据连通性的设备,具有无线连接功能的手持式设备、或连接到无线调制解调器的其他处理设备。无线终端可以经无线接入网(radio
access network,RAN)与一个或多个核心网进行通信,无线终端可以是移动终端,如移动电话(或称为“蜂窝”电话)和具有移动终端的计算机,例如,可以是便携式、袖珍式、手持式、计算机内置的或者车载的移动装置,它们与无线接入网交换语言和/或数据。例如,个人通信业务(personal communication service,PCS)电话、无绳电话、会话发起协议(session initiation protocol,SIP)话机、无线本地环路(wireless local loop,WLL)站、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant,PDA)等设备。无线终端也可以称为系统、订户单元(subscriber unit)、订户站(subscriber station),移动站(mobile station)、移动台(mobile)、远程站(remotestation)、远程终端(remote terminal)、接入终端(access Terminal)、用户终端(userterminal)、用户代理(user agent)、用户设备(user device or user equipment),在此不作限定。
本发明的网络侧设备可以是用于与终端设备进行通信的设备,例如,可以是GSM系统或CDMA中的基站(base transceiver station,BTS),也可以是WCDMA系统中的基站(nodeB,NB),还可以是LTE系统中的演进型基站(evolutional nodeB,eNB或eNodeB),还可以是LTE系统中的下一代基站(next generation eNodeB,ngeNB),或者该网络侧设备可以为中继站、接入点(access point,AP)、车载设备、可穿戴设备以及5G网络中的网络侧设备或未来演进的公共陆地移动网络(public land mobile network,PLMN)中的网络侧设备等,例如,可以是新一代基站(generation nodeB,gNB或gNodeB)。
以下首先对超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法的技术现状进行说明。
1.1系统模型
基站的第s根天线与第u个终端用户的信道可表示为:
其中βp和τp分别为第p条径的复幅度和时延;λ0是中心频率的波长;分别用θp,ZOD、φp,AOD、θp,ZOA、φp,AOA表示第p条径的俯仰出发角、水平出发角、俯仰到达角、水平到达角度。
是具有水平到达角φp,AOA和俯仰到达角θp,ZOA的球面单位向量:
是具有俯仰出发角θp,ZOD和水平出发角φp,AOD的球面单位向量:
其中,是3D直角坐标系中第i个终端用户的位置向量;类似的,是基站的第s根天线的位置向量;指数项是第p条径的多普勒,其中t表示时间;ωp为其中表示终端用户UE速度向量:
其中,v、φv、θv分别是UE移动速度、行进水平角、行进俯仰角。
基站包含Nv行Nh列天线,将基站天线数用Nt表示,Nt=NvNh;将UE天线数用Nr表示,整个带宽包含Nf个子载波,相邻子载波间隔为Δf。
用表示在时间t和频率f上基站的所有天线到第u个终端用户UE的信道;将所有Nf个子载波上的信道写成矩阵形式:
其中,fi是第i个子载波的频率,并满足1≤i≤Nf。
第u个终端用户UE在时刻t、子载波f上接收到的信号为
其中为基站对第u个终端用户UE的波束成形预编码向量,h为服从零均值、方差为σ2的高斯白噪声。考虑某个时间t和频率fi,简单表示为
1.2.传统多用户波束赋形方案一:最大比传输
最大比传输(Maximum Ratio Transmission,MRT)是一种多天线技术,它利用接收端的信道状态信息来优化发送端的天线权重,从而最大化接收信号的信噪比。
最大比传输波束赋形矢量的数学表达式可以表示为:
wMRT=βh* (7)
wMRT=βh* (7)
其中,β为基站对波束赋形向量的功率约束系数,h是基站测量到的目标用户的信道状态信息(CSI),h*是它的共轭。通过为不同用户根据其信道状态信息分配不同的波束赋形向量,达到实现多用户场景通信的目的。传统MIMO系统中,MRT方案的侧重点在于用户的信号增益最大化,但在多用户系统的场景下,随着传输信道相关性的提升,此方案由于没有考虑如何对用户间的干扰进行处理,将会导致整个系统性能快速下降。
1.3传统多用户波束赋形方案二:迫零传输
最大比传输方案只关注目标用户的有用信号,忽略其他用户的干扰。与之相反的是,迫零传输(Zero Forcing,ZF)方案致力于消除不同用户之间的干扰,但不考虑噪声的影响。具体而言,MRT方案的预编码矩阵可以表示为目标用户信道向量的归一化值与发送信号的乘积,而ZF方案的预编码矩阵可以表示为信道传输矩阵的伪逆与接收信号向量的乘积,以此来消除不同用户之间的干扰并获得所需信号。
其中H=[h1,h2,…,hK]为K个终端用户的信道状态信息组成的矩阵,WZF中的第k列即为第k个终端用户的预编码向量。ZF方案在信噪比较高的区域能达到很好的系统和速率;在信噪比较低的区域,由于其忽略了噪声的影响,系统可达总速率没有MRT方案高。
1.4超方向性波束赋形
为了便于分析,假设一个由M根天线组成的间距为d的天线阵列,其中每根天线的方向图函数为k(θ,φ),θ和φ为球坐标系下的远场坐标分量,这个阵列的远场方向图函数f(θ,φ)为:
其中am为第m根天线的激励系数,k为波数,为球坐标系下的单位矢量,rm为第m根天线的坐标,m=1,…,M。
方向(θ0,φ0)上的方向性系数D(θ0,φ0)定义为:
对上式中的分母化简:
对于上式中的积分项,令:
所以式(11)可重写为:
为了方便表示,式(10)可化简为
其中,
a=[a1,a2,…,aM]T, (15)
a=[a1,a2,…,aM]T, (15)
和
Z为归一化实阻抗矩阵:
使式(14)最大化的波束成形矢量a可求解为:
a=Z-1e*, (18)
最大化的方向性系数为:
Dmax=eHZ-1e. (19)
基于上述描述,可以看出目前的超方向性阵列研究仅从天线阵列的角度来探讨如何最大化方向性增益,还未与实际的通信系统相结合,如何利用其去提升整个系统的频谱效率仍是一个挑战。而传统的多用户波束形方案由于忽略了天线间的耦合作用,导致无法实现阵列的超方向性,从而也不能达到在基站为紧凑阵列时提升系统频谱效率的目的。
为解决这一问题,需要研究一种适用于多用户的超方向性波束赋形算法,该算法应考虑天线之间的耦合,并能够更好地区分和处理不同用户之间的通信信号。通过使用这种算法,可以显著提高系统的频谱效率和容量,以满足日益增长的通信需求。
对此,本发明在紧凑天线阵列中,将天线之间的耦合作用纳入分析模型,提供一种多用户波束赋形预编码算法,实现频谱效率的提升。
实施例一
2.1本发明方案一:超方向性迫零多用户传输
考虑基站侧有M根天线,同时与K个终端用户进行通信,各自的信道状态信息为[h1,h2,…,hK],满足M≥K。根据式(14),第u个终端用户的方向性系数Du为:
其中au为u个终端用户的波束赋形矢量。为了抑制其他用户的干扰且最大化目标用户的方向性增益,本发明提出了下面的优化问题:
该问题是一个线性约束的凸优化问题,可用一些优化工具箱求解,如CVX,Gurobi等,但需进行多次迭代优化,复杂度较高,无法满足基站的实时通信需求。本发明利用不同用户信道的渐进正交特性提出了一种最优的低复杂度解决方案。
首先对干扰用户信道作正交化,令为干扰用户信道向量组成的矩阵,则正交化的干扰用户标准正交基为其中:
考虑构造一个酉矩阵满足UHU=IM,所述酉矩阵U的后N(N≤K-1)列分别为干扰用户信道空间span{hi,i=1,...,K,i≠u}的标准正交基其中N为干扰用户信道空间的维数,若N<K-1,则标准正交基为N个非零列向量,选取这N个非零列向量作为U的后N列。需要说明的是,酉矩阵U的后N列中,不需要第1列为第2列为可以打乱顺序,只需满足任意两列均不同即可。
令
其中为满足优化问题中的线性约束,令
其中
令
其中Ψ、Υ也为块矩阵。
则
于是优化问题(21)可转换为
类比于式(18),这个问题的闭式解为
根据式(23),可得
对于酉矩阵U的构造,只需U的后N(N≤K-1)列分别为干扰用户信道空间span{hi,i=1,...,K,i≠u}的标准正交基。本实施例采用以下方案,当然其他方案只要满足U的条件也可,例如施密特正交化。
先构造总干扰协方差矩阵:
对Rint做SVD分解得
Rint=WHΛW (31)
Rint=WHΛW (31)
W的前N列即为干扰用户的单位正交化信道,即而W本身为一个酉矩阵,则U可构造为:
U=[W后M-N列,W前N列] (32)
U=[W后M-N列,W前N列] (32)
获得每个终端用户的超方向性迫零预编码矩阵步骤如下:
S1、循环1:u=1,…,K;
S2、参照公式(30)计算干扰协方差矩阵;
S3、计算干扰协方差矩阵的SVD分解,如公式(31)所示;
S4、参照公式(32)构造酉矩阵U;
S5、参照公式(24)得到ηu;
S6、参照公式(25)得到矩阵Ξ;
S7、参照公式(28)得到αu;
S8、参照公式(29)得到第u个终端用户的预编码矩阵au;
结束循环1。
由此,本发明提出了一种超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法,包括:
对终端用户u,构造酉矩阵所述酉矩阵U的后N(N≤K-1)列分别为干扰用户信道空间span{hi,i=1,...,K,i≠u}的标准正交基,其中N为干扰用户信道空间的维数,表示第i个终端用户的信道状态信息,M为网络设备侧天线总数,K为进行通信的终端用户总数,且满足M≥K;
截取矩阵UHhu的前M-N行得到矩阵ηu,其中hu表示第u个终端用户的信道状态信息,上标H表示共轭转置;
截取矩阵UHZU的前M-N行、前M-N列,得到矩阵Ξ,其中,矩阵Z中元素表示任意两根天线的耦合系数;
计算得到第u个终端用户的预编码矩阵其中上标表示共轭。
2.2本发明方案二:超方向性干扰零空间投影法
考虑到方案一需要进行多次矩阵运算,本发明提出了发明方案一的简化方案:超方向性干扰零空间投影法。
再次考虑优化问题
本方案对这个优化问题的解决思路为先求出目标函数的最优解,再把这个最优解投影在干扰用户的零空间上。
根据式(18),目标函数的最优解为:
干扰用户的零空间可以利用式(32)得到,定义
R=W后M-N列 (35)
R=W后M-N列 (35)
则最优解在干扰用户的零空间上的投影为
由此,本发明提出了另一种超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法,包括:
对终端用户u,构造酉矩阵所述酉矩阵W的前N(N≤K-1)列分别为干扰用户信道空间span{hi,i=1,...,K,i≠u}的标准正交基,其中N为干扰用户信道空间的维数,表示第i个终端用户的信道状态信息,M为网络设备侧天线总数,K为进行通信的终端用户总数,且满足M≥K;
截取酉矩阵W的后M-N列得到矩阵R,其中
计算得到第u个终端用户的预编码矩阵其中表示第u个终端用户的信道状态信息,矩阵Z中元素表示任意两根天线的耦合系数,上标H表示共轭转置,上标*表示共轭。
2.3本发明方案三:正则化超方向性迫零多用户传输
实际的超方向性多用户通信系统中,由于欧姆损耗和信道估计不准确等原因,会出现系统容量下降的情况。本发明提出了第三种解决方案:正则化超方向性迫零多用户传输。即解决下面的优化问题:
其中
ZR=Z+Λ (38)
ZR=Z+Λ (38)
Λ为正则化矩阵。注意到优化问题(37)与优化问题(21)的解决方法一致,下面介绍三种确定Λ的方法。
第一种方法中Λ通过天线单元的材料和结构来确定。考虑天线的辐射电阻为Rrad,在阵列中,整个天线阵列的辐射电阻受到耦合的影响变为:Rrad=RradZ。因此天线的辐射效率为:
天线的增益为辐射效率和方向性系数的乘积:
代入公式(39),则G可表示为
可得
对于偶极子天线,天线的损耗rloss为
其中a为偶极子天线的半径,L为长度,f为工作频率,μ为材料的磁导率,σ为材料的电导率。
辐射阻抗Rrad则为:
Rrad≈24.7(kL/2)2.5 (43)
第二种方法中Λ通过信道估计不准确来确定。考虑若对于每个用户的信道估计都带有零均值,方差为σ2的高斯白噪声,即第u个终端用户的信道估计为:
其中nu为估计高斯噪声,满足nu~C(0,∈2),即nu服从零均值、方差为∈2的复高斯分布,||hu||=1。根据式(12)中关于Z中元素的计算方法,可得ZR中元素的计算方法为
其中为期望算符。则
其中IM为M×M的矩阵。
第三种方法为同时考虑欧姆损耗和信道估计误差,则
3.1具体应用步骤
通过本发明提出的方案一至方案三,均可以计算得到第u个终端用户的预编码矩阵au。
进一步,令Ptot为基站发射功率,每个用户等功率分配,高斯白噪声功率为σ2。则发射信噪比为:
考虑K为进行通信的终端用户总数,第u个终端用户的预编码矩阵为au,信道状态信息为hu,则系统总吞吐量SE为
每个波束赋形向量受到功率约束使得每个用户的发射功率为(考虑欧姆损耗或信道估计误差时为)。
3.2仿真结果
首先仿真本发明方案一对目标用户的信号增强以及对其他用户的信号抑制效果,不失一般性,本次仿真中将天线数设置为20,间距为0.25波长,用户数目为4,目标用户位于76°处,其他用户分别位于-51°,9°,39°处。仿真对目标用户进行超方向性迫零波束赋形得到的方向图如图1所示。
从图1可以看出,目标用户的角度上的信号强度最强,而其他用户的角度上信号强度均接近0,表明本发明方案一可以有效地在增强目标用户的信号的同时减少对其他用户的干扰。
接下来仿真多用户情况下本发明方案一与本发明方案二、传统的最大比传输、迫零传输方案的频谱效率-SNR对比图,本次仿真中,天线数设置为20,间距为0.25倍波长,用户数目为8,仿真结果如图2所示。
从图2可以看出,本发明通过考虑紧凑阵列中的耦合,并利用其超方向性,实现了相比于传统的最大比传输、迫零传输方案,频谱效率的大幅度提升。在整个SNR区间内,本发明方案一因为既利用了超方向性对用户信号的增强,又考虑了其他用户干扰的影响,表现均最为优秀。本发明方案二因为只是简单的将超方向性赋形的最优解投影到干扰用户的零空间上,所以性能比不上本发明方案一,但比传统的最大比传输和迫零方案更优。而最大比传输和迫零传输因为忽略了天线阵列的耦合,未利用其超方向性,在各个SNR下性能均不如本发明提出的方案。
接下来仿真考虑欧姆损耗时的系统频谱效率,并加入了本发明方案三的对比,考虑每根天线工作于1.6GHz频段,材料为铜,半径为0.75mm,长度为85mm,磁导率为4π×10-7,电导率为5.8×107,天线数为20,间距为0.25波长,用户数为8,仿真结果如图3所示。
从图3可以看出,可以看到,由于未考虑到欧姆损耗,本发明方案一表现较差,而本发明方案三通过引入正则化矩阵,获得了频谱效率的提升,在所有方案中表现最好。
实施例二
一种网络设备,包括:
构造单元,用于对终端用户u,构造酉矩阵所述酉矩阵U的后N(N≤K-1)列分别为干扰用户信道空间span{hi,i=1,...,K,i≠u}的标准正交基,其中N为干扰用户信道空间的维数,表示第i个终端用户的信道状态信息,M为网络设备侧天线总数,K为进行通信的终端用户总数,且满足M≥K;
第一截取单元,用于截取矩阵UHhu的前M-N行得到矩阵ηu,其中hu表示第u个终端用户的信道状态信息,上标H表示共轭转置;
第二截取单元,用于截取矩阵UHZU的前M-N行、前M-N列,得到矩阵Ξ,其中,矩阵Z中元素表示任意两根天线的耦合系数;
计算单元,用于计算得到第u个终端用户的预编码矩阵其中上标*表示共轭。
相关技术方案同实施例一,在此不再赘述。
另一种网络设备,包括:
构造单元,用于对终端用户u,构造酉矩阵所述酉矩阵W的前N(N≤K-1)列分别为干扰用户信道空间span{hi,i=1,...,K,i≠u}的标准正交基,其中N为干扰用户信道空间的维数,表示第i个终端用户的信道状态信息,M为网络设备侧天线总数,K为进行通信的终端用户总数,且满足M≥K;
截取单元,用于截取酉矩阵W的后M-N列得到矩阵R,其中
计算单元,用于计算得到第u个终端用户的预编码矩阵其中上标*表示共轭,hu表示第u个终端用户的信道状态信息,矩阵Z中元素表示任意两根天线的耦合系数,上标H表示共轭转置。
相关技术方案同实施例一,在此不再赘述。
实施例三
一种电子设备,包括:
处理器;以及
存储器,用于存储所述处理器的可执行指令;
其中,所述处理器配置为经由执行所述可执行指令来执行实施例一所述的超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法。
相关技术方案同实施例一,在此不再赘述。
实施例四
一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机执行指令,当处理器执行所述计算机执行指令时,实现如实施例一所述的超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法。
相关技术方案同实施例一,在此不再赘述。
本领域的技术人员容易理解,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (13)
- 一种超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法,其特征在于,包括:对终端用户u,构造酉矩阵所述酉矩阵U的后N(N≤K-1)列分别为干扰用户信道空间span{hi,i=1,...,K,i≠u}的标准正交基,其中N为干扰用户信道空间的维数,表示第i个终端用户的信道状态信息,M为网络设备侧天线总数,K为进行通信的终端用户总数,且满足M≥K;截取矩阵UHhu的前M-N行得到矩阵ηu,其中hu表示第u个终端用户的信道状态信息,上标H表示共轭转置;截取矩阵UHZU的前M-N行、前M-N列,得到矩阵Ξ,其中,矩阵Z中元素表示任意两根天线的耦合系数;计算得到第u个终端用户的预编码矩阵其中上标*表示共轭。
- 根据权利要求1所述的超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法,其特征在于,在截取矩阵UHZU的前M-N行、前M-N列,得到矩阵Ξ之前,所述方法还包括:将矩阵Z更新为Z+Λ,其中为矩阵Z的正则化矩阵。
- 根据权利要求2所述的超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法,其特征在于,正则化矩阵Λ为:
Rrad≈24.7(kL/2)2.5其中,rloss和Rrad分别为天线的损耗和辐射阻抗,IM为M×M的单位矩阵,L、a、f、μ、σ和k分别为天线的长度、半径、工作频率、磁导率、电导率和波数。 - 根据权利要求2所述的超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法,其特征在于,正则化矩阵Λ为:
其中,ε2为高斯噪声功率,k(θ,φ)为天线的方向图函数,θ和φ分别为球坐标系下的远场坐标分量,IM为M×M的单位矩阵。 - 根据权利要求2所述的超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法,其特征在于,正则化矩阵Λ为:
Rrad≈24.7(kL/2)2.5其中,rloss和Rrad分别为天线的损耗和辐射阻抗,IM为M×M的单位矩阵,L、a、f、μ、σ和k分别为天线的长度、半径、工作频率、磁导率、电导率和波数,ε2为高斯噪声功率,k(θ,φ)为天线的方向图函数,θ和φ分别为球坐标系下的远场坐标分量。 - 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法,其特征在于,所述构造酉矩阵具体为:构造总干扰协方差矩阵:
对Rint做SVD分解得:
Rint=WHΛW酉矩阵U为:
U=[W后M-N列,W前N列]。 - 根据权利要求1所述的超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法,其特征在于,矩阵其中,zmn表示第m根和第n根天线的耦合系数,k(θ,φ)为天线的方向图函数,θ和φ分别为球坐标系下的远场坐标分量,k为天线的波数,为球坐标系下的单位矢量,rm和rn分别为第m根和第n根天线的坐标,m=1,…,M,n=1,…,M。
- 根据权利要求1所述的超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法,其特征在于,所述酉矩阵U的后N(N≤K-1)列分别为干扰用户信道空间span{hi,i=1,...,K,i≠u}的标准正交基,包括:令为干扰用户信道向量组成的矩阵,若N=K-1,所述酉矩阵U的后K-1列分别为其中:
若N<K-1,计算后将得到N个非零向量,选取所述N个非零向量作为U的后N列。 - 一种超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法,其特征在于,包括:对终端用户u,构造酉矩阵所述酉矩阵W的前N(N≤K-1)列分别为干扰用户信道空间span{hi,i=1,...,K,i≠u}的标准正交基,其中N为干扰用户信道空间的维数,表示第i个终端用户的信道状态信息,M为网络设备侧天线总数,K为进行通信的终端用户总数,且满足M≥K;截取酉矩阵W的后M-N列得到矩阵R,其中计算得到第u个终端用户的预编码矩阵其中hu表示第u个终端用户的信道状态信息,矩阵Z中元素表示任意两根天线的耦合系数,上标H表示共轭转置,上标*表示共轭。
- 一种网络设备,其特征在于,包括:构造单元,用于对终端用户u,构造酉矩阵所述酉矩阵U的后N(N≤K-1)列分别为干扰用户信道空间span{hi,i=1,...,K,i≠u}的标准正交基,其中N为干扰用户信道空间的维数,表示第i个终端用户的信道状态信息,M为网络设备侧天线总数,K为进行通信的终端用户总数,且满足M≥K;第一截取单元,用于截取矩阵UHhu的前M-N行得到矩阵ηu,其中hu表示第u个终端用户的信道状态信息,上标H表示共轭转置;第二截取单元,用于截取矩阵UHZU的前M-N行、前M-N列,得到矩阵Ξ,其中,矩阵Z中元素表示任意两根天线的耦合系数;计算单元,用于计算得到第u个终端用户的预编码矩阵其中上标*表示共轭。
- 一种网络设备,其特征在于,包括:构造单元,用于对终端用户u,构造酉矩阵所述酉矩阵W的前N(N≤K-1)列分别为干扰用户信道空间span{hi,i=1,...,K,i≠u}的标准正交基,其中N为干扰用户信道空间的维数,表示第i个终端用户的信道状态信息,M为网络设备侧天线总数,K为进行通信的终端用户总数,且满足M≥K;截取单元,用于截取酉矩阵W的后M-N列得到矩阵R,其中计算单元,用于计算得到第u个终端用户的预编码矩阵其中上标*表示共轭,hu表示第u个终端用户的信道状态信息,矩阵Z中元素表示任意两根天线的耦合系数,上标H表示共轭转置。
- 一种电子设备,其特征在于,包括:处理器;以及存储器,用于存储所述处理器的可执行指令;其中,所述处理器配置为经由执行所述可执行指令来执行权利要求1-9任一项所述的超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法。
- 一种计算机可读存储介质,其特征在于,所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机执行指令,当处理器执行所述计算机执行指令时,实现如权利要求1-9任一项所述的超方向性天线阵列多用户预编码方法。
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