WO2024253418A1 - 조성물 - Google Patents
조성물 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024253418A1 WO2024253418A1 PCT/KR2024/007688 KR2024007688W WO2024253418A1 WO 2024253418 A1 WO2024253418 A1 WO 2024253418A1 KR 2024007688 W KR2024007688 W KR 2024007688W WO 2024253418 A1 WO2024253418 A1 WO 2024253418A1
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- fire extinguishing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0035—Aqueous solutions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
- A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
- A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
- A62C35/023—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance the extinguishing material being expelled by compressed gas, taken from storage tanks, or by generating a pressure gas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/06—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing gas-producing, chemically-reactive components
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
- H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
- H01M50/293—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
Definitions
- compositions, digestive devices and uses thereof discloses compositions, digestive devices and uses thereof.
- heat-generating elements The importance of technology to handle heat generated from products is increasing, but it is difficult to handle, manage, and control heat in products composed of multiple heat-generating elements (heat-generating elements).
- TR Thermal Runaway
- TP Thermal Propagation
- a battery module or a battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells or a plurality of battery modules, which are positioned relatively adjacent to each other.
- TR Thermal Runaway
- TP Thermal Propagation
- a phenomenon in which abnormal heat generation, ignition, and/or explosion that occurs in one battery cell and/or battery module is transmitted in a chain to other adjacent battery cells is called the TR or TP phenomenon.
- This chain ignition or chain explosion caused by the TR or TP phenomenon must be managed from the perspective of safety.
- a battery cell may undergo significant volume expansion during the charging or use process, and when the volume expansion occurs, if the extinguishing agent present adjacent to it is in a solid state, it cannot effectively respond to stresses, etc. due to the volume expansion.
- the digestive material is applied in a liquid form and then converted to a solid form by being exposed to a low-temperature environment, volume or hardness changes may occur during the process, which may have a negative effect on adjacent products.
- the extinguishing agent may be vaporized in order to perform the extinguishing function.
- water when water is used as a extinguishing agent, if it is vaporized and converted into water vapor by the heat of abnormal heating, ignition, and/or explosion, it can perform the extinguishing function quickly over a wider range.
- the water becomes a solid state such as ice in a low-temperature environment, the efficiency of the vaporization may decrease.
- the present disclosure relates to a composition, a fire extinguishing device and uses thereof.
- the composition may be a fire extinguishing composition.
- the present disclosure aims to disclose a composition, a fire extinguishing device and uses thereof, which can be applied to products or elements that have a possibility of heat generation, ignition and/or explosion during operation, storage and/or maintenance, and can effectively respond to said heat generation, ignition and/or explosion.
- the fire extinguishing composition or the fire extinguishing device can be applied to an article including a plurality of the products or elements, and can respond to abnormal heat generation, explosion and/or ignition occurring in one of the elements or products, and prevent or minimize the spread of such heat generation, explosion and/or ignition to other adjacent elements or products.
- the present specification also aims to disclose a substantially non-flammable and non-toxic fire extinguishing composition and a fire extinguishing device comprising the same.
- the present specification also aims to provide uses of the above digestive device.
- room temperature means the natural temperature that is not heated or cooled, and for example, room temperature can be any temperature within the range of about 10°C to 30°C, or about 23°C or about 25°C or about 27°C.
- properties that are affected by the measurement temperature are properties measured at room temperature, unless otherwise specified.
- atmospheric pressure refers to the natural pressure that is neither pressurized nor depressurized, and can typically mean a pressure of about 730 mmHg to 790 mmHg.
- properties that are affected by the measurement pressure are properties measured at atmospheric pressure, unless otherwise specified.
- properties that are affected by the measured humidity are properties measured at standard humidity, unless otherwise specified.
- Standard humidity means a relative humidity within the range of 40% to 60%, for example, a relative humidity of about 55% or about 60%.
- composition may mean a mixture of two or more different components.
- the composition may be a fire extinguishing composition.
- a fire extinguishing composition is a composition capable of responding to abnormal heat, ignition, and explosion.
- extinguishing does not necessarily mean the function of extinguishing fire, but includes all functions that additionally respond to the above-mentioned abnormal heating, ignition and/or explosion while including the above-mentioned fire extinguishing function.
- non-flammable in this specification may mean that the target material does not have a flash point, and means that it has a flash point of 120°C or higher, which is sufficient to cause exotherm, ignition, and/or explosion.
- non-toxic in this specification means that it is friendly to the environment and human body by emitting little or no toxic gases.
- composition can be formulated to be non-flammable and friendly to the environment and the human body.
- the composition may have a flammability rating of 0 or 1 according to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 704 standard.
- the NFPA 704 standard is a standard announced by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), and is a standard expressed as a so-called fire diamond that was created to enable a rapid response to hazardous materials in an emergency situation, and the flammability rating is indicated by a red area.
- the standard is classified into grades 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, among which grade 0 means no flammability, and grade 1 means a case where it ignites when sufficiently heated, and has a flash point of approximately 93°C or higher.
- the evaluation method of this flammability rating follows the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 704 standard.
- the composition may exhibit non-flammability having a flammability rating of 0 or 1 according to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 704 standard.
- the composition may have a health hazard rating of 0, 1, or 2 according to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 704 standard.
- the health hazard rating is indicated by the blue area in the fire diamond of the NFPA 704 standard.
- the standard is classified into levels 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, where level 0 means that there is no health hazard and no special precautions are required, level 1 means that there is a possibility of causing minor injury upon exposure, and level 2 means that there is a possibility of causing temporary disability or injury upon continuous/normal contact but not chronic contact.
- each component constituting the above composition may also use a substance exhibiting the above flammability and/or health hazard grade.
- the composition includes a solvent having a fire extinguishing function.
- the fire extinguishing composition may have a lower freezing point than the freezing point of the solvent.
- the vaporizable solvent described below generally exhibits an appropriate fire extinguishing function, but has a relatively high freezing point, and therefore, it is difficult to maintain the fire extinguishing composition in a liquid state in a low temperature environment.
- a fire extinguishing composition containing a sufficient amount of the vaporizable solvent while having a low freezing point can be provided.
- the composition may include a solvent.
- the solvent has the fire extinguishing function. Therefore, the solvent may be used to reduce heat by heat exchange or the like when the heat generation, ignition, and/or explosion occurs in an object adjacent to the composition, or to remove a flame generated by the ignition and/or explosion.
- the solvent may correspond to a vaporizable solvent.
- a vaporizable solvent is a solvent that can be vaporized under certain temperature and/or pressure conditions.
- composition disclosed herein may be formed such that the vaporization of the solvent occurs at a time when the above-described vaporization is necessary, for example, at a time when the above-described abnormal heat generation, ignition, and/or explosion occurs or is at risk of occurring, and the form of the vaporization is formed to be a form suitable for the above-described abnormal heat generation, ignition, and/or explosion.
- the gas emitted to the outside by the above-described vaporization can quickly exhibit the above-described fire extinguishing function in a wider range.
- a solvent having a freezing point and/or boiling point within a certain range can be used.
- the freezing point and boiling point mentioned in this specification are the freezing point and boiling point under 1 atm unless specifically specified otherwise.
- the lower limit of the freezing point of the vaporizable solvent may be about -10°C, -8°C, -6°C, -5°C, -4°C, -3°C, -2°C, -1°C or 0°C
- the upper limit may be about 10°C, 9°C, 8°C, 7°C, 6°C, 5°C, 4°C, 3°C, 2°C or 1°C.
- the freezing point may be within a range that is equal to or less than any one of the above-described upper limits; within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the above-described lower limits; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the above-described lower limits and equal to or less than any one of the above-described upper limits.
- the above-described vaporizable solvent may have a boiling point within a certain range in order to exhibit appropriate vaporization properties.
- the lower limit of the boiling point of the above-described vaporizable solvent may be about 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, or 95°C
- the upper limit may be about 120°C, 115°C, 110°C, or 105°C.
- the boiling point may be within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above.
- the freezing point and/or boiling point may be adjusted according to the application use of the fire extinguishing device described below.
- any suitable type can be selected and used without particular limitation as long as it has a freezing point and/or boiling point within the above-mentioned range.
- the solvent can be selected from known solvents that are non-flammable or emit little or no toxic gases.
- a representative example of a vaporizable solvent having a freezing point and/or boiling point within the above range is water, and accordingly, water can be used as the vaporizable solvent of the composition, but the types of applicable vaporizable solvents are not limited to the above.
- the lower limit of the content of the vaporizable solvent in the composition can be about 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 30 wt%, 35 wt%, 40 wt%, 45 wt%, 50 wt% or 55 wt%
- the upper limit can be about 95 wt%, 90 wt%, 85 wt%, 80 wt%, 75 wt%, 70 wt%, 65 wt% or 60 wt%.
- the ratio can be within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and equal to or less than any one of the upper limits described above.
- the solvent included within these ranges can effectively function under various exothermic, ignition and/or explosive environments.
- the above-mentioned digestive composition may include the above-mentioned vaporizable solvent and exhibit a lower freezing point than the above-mentioned vaporizable solvent.
- the lower limit of the freezing point of the fire extinguishing composition may be about -60°C, -55°C, -50°C, -45°C, -40°C, -35°C, -30°C, or -25°C
- the upper limit may be about -20°C, -25°C, or -30°C.
- the freezing point may be within a range that is lower than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is higher than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is higher than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above and lower than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above.
- the fire extinguishing composition is stably maintained in a liquid phase at a constant low temperature, and can effectively and quickly respond to fever, ignition, and/or explosion, and can prevent adverse effects on surrounding elements or products due to volume change or hardness change due to phase change.
- the above composition may contain additional components to secure the above freezing point.
- the composition may include a freezing point regulator.
- freeze point regulator may mean a component whose presence causes the freezing point of the fire extinguishing composition described above to be achieved. While there are a variety of substances known to be capable of controlling the freezing point, these substances may be flammable or may generate toxic gases.
- the composition disclosed herein may include a non-flammable and/or non-toxic freeze point regulator.
- the above freezing point regulator may be radically reactive.
- the freezing point regulator decomposes and can combine with active radicals of a combustible substance, such as a H free radical or an OH free radical, to form a stable product.
- a combustible substance such as a H free radical or an OH free radical
- K 2 CO 3 potassium carbonate
- HCOOK potassium formate
- CH 3 COOK potassium acetate
- K* potassium radical
- K* can combine with OH to form a stable product, such as KOH.
- such a freezing point regulator having radical reactivity can effectively act against exotherm, ignition, and/or explosion.
- the freezing point regulator may be a gas-generating freezing point regulator.
- the freezing point regulator may decompose when heat is applied to generate gas.
- the freezing point regulator may also function as a gas-generating substance, which will be described later.
- the freezing point regulator of the present specification may be non-toxic in the gas generated after exposure to the freezing point regulator for 8 hours.
- the freezing point regulator may use a component that does not contain a specific functional group in order to exhibit non-flammability and/or non-toxicity.
- the freezing point regulator containing a specific component or functional group may be flammable and/or toxic, and may be included in the composition to form a flammable and/or toxic composition.
- the components containing the above components or functional groups may generate known toxic gases, such as chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and gas containing halogen elements such as hydrofluoric acid.
- the freezing point regulator of the present specification may use, for example, components that do not contain a hydroxyl group and/or chlorine, and may also use components that generate other sulfurous acid gas, ammonia, and ethylene oxide, or components that do not contain components that generate the above components.
- components that do not contain halogen elements such as hydrofluoric acid may be used.
- the amount of the freezing point regulator added can be adjusted in consideration of the freezing point of the desired fire extinguishing composition and the form of vaporization when necessary.
- the freezing point regulator can be present in an amount such that ⁇ T2 of the following formula 2 is within a predetermined range.
- M2 is the molal concentration of the freezing point regulator included in the composition with respect to the solvent. That is, the M2 is the number of moles of the freezing point regulator per 1 kg of the solvent.
- I2 is the number of moles of ions generated when 1 mole of the ionic compound is dissociated when the freezing point regulator is an ionic compound.
- dissociation means when the ionic compound is completely dissociated.
- the I2 is 1.
- ⁇ T2 is calculated for each freezing point regulator and added to obtain ⁇ T2 in Equation 2.
- the above ⁇ T2 is selected in consideration of the target freezing point and the form of vaporization when necessary.
- the lower limit of the above ⁇ T2 may be about 5, 10, 15, or 20, and the upper limit may be about 38, 35, 30, 25, 20, or 15.
- the above ⁇ T2 may be within a range that is lower than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is higher than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is lower than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above and higher than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above. In this range, the composition can be formed so that it is maintained in a liquid state at a necessary point in time, and vaporizes when vaporization is necessary, and the vaporization can occur very quickly.
- the lower limit of the weight part of the above freezing point regulator relative to 100 parts by weight of the above vaporizable solvent may be about 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 11 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight, 13 parts by weight, 14 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 16 parts by weight, 17 parts by weight, 18 parts by weight, 19 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, 21 parts by weight, 22 parts by weight, 23 parts by weight, 24 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, 26 parts by weight, 27 parts by weight, 28 parts by weight, 29 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 35 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 45 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight or 55 parts by weight, and the upper limit may be about 100 parts by weight, 95 parts by weight, 100 parts by weight, 110 parts by weight, 120 parts by weight, 130 parts by weight, 140 parts by weight, 150 parts by weight, 160
- the ratio can be within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is more than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above and more than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above.
- an ionic compound can be used as the above freezing point regulator.
- the category of ionic compounds referred to herein includes substances that are ionic in themselves or can generate ions, such as salts.
- the above-mentioned freezing point regulator may be a non-flammable ionic compound or an ionic compound having a flash point of 120°C or higher.
- a non-flammable ionic compound may mean a compound whose flash point is not confirmed when evaluated in the manner described in “12. Flammability Evaluation” of the Examples section of this specification. In addition, the flash point is also evaluated in the manner described in “12. Flammability Evaluation”. When the ionic compound has a flash point of 120°C or higher, there is no particular limitation on the upper limit of the flash point.
- the ionic compound disclosed in this specification has a flash point of a certain level or higher and does not ignite when abnormally heated, ignited, and/or exploded, there is no limitation on the upper limit of the flash point, and for example, the upper limit of the flash point may be about 1,000°C or 500°C.
- non-flammable ionic compounds or ionic compounds having a flash point of 120°C or higher that can be applied as a freezing point regulator
- at least one selected from the group consisting of formates, acetates, carbonates, and sulfates can be exemplified.
- at least one of substances consisting of sodium acetate (CH 3 COONa), sodium formate (HCOONa), potassium acetate (CH 3 COOK), potassium formate (HCOOK), calcium formate ((HCOO) 2 Ca), magnesium formate ((HCOO) 2 Mg), potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ), and ammonium sulfate ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ) can be used as the freezing point regulator.
- the above freezing point regulator may suitably have a certain level of solubility in the above volatile solvent.
- the degree of freedom in the amount of the freezing point regulator added is increased, and accordingly, an amount of the freezing point regulator added that can secure the desired freezing point while improving the extinguishing function without hindering it can be selected.
- the lower limit of the solubility of the freezing point regulator at 0°C in 100 g of the vaporizable solvent or water is 20 g, 25 g, 30 g, 35 g, 40 g, 45 g, 50 g, 55 g, 60 g, 65 g, 70 g, 75 g, 80 g, 85 g, 90 g, 95 g, 100 g, 110 g, 115 g, 120 g, 125 g, 130 g, 135 g, 140 g, 145 g, 150 g, 155 g, 160 g, 165 g, 170 g, 175 g, 180 g, 185 g, 190 g, 195 g, 200 g, 205 g, 210 g or It can be around 215 g, and the upper limit is 1,000 g, 900 g, 800 g, 700 g, 600 g, 500 g, 400 g, 300 g, 250 g, 245 g,
- the solubility can be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and equal to or less than any one of the upper limits described above.
- the solubility is the weight (g) of the freezing point regulator that can be dissolved at most in 100 g of water at 0°C, and this is evaluated in the manner described in “2. Solubility Evaluation” of the Examples section of this specification.
- the lower limit of the solubility of the above freezing point regulator at 25°C in 100 g of the vaporizable solvent or water is 75 g, 80 g, 85 g, 90 g, 95 g, 100 g, 110 g, 115 g, 120 g, 125 g, 130 g, 135 g, 140 g, 145 g, 150 g, 155 g, 160 g, 165 g, 170 g, 175 g, 180 g, 185 g, 190 g, 195 g, 200 g, 205 g, 210 g, 215 g, 225 g, 230 g, 235 g, 240 g, 255 g, 260 g, 265 g, 270 g, 275 g, 280 g, 285 g, 290 g, 295 g, 300 g, 305 g, 310 g, 315 g or 320 g, and its upper limit is 1,000
- the solubility may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and equal to or less than any one of the upper limits described above.
- the above solubility is the weight (g) of the freezing point regulator that can be dissolved at most in 100 g of water at 25°C, and is evaluated in the manner described in “2. Solubility Evaluation” of the Examples section of this specification.
- a component having a molar weight within a predetermined range can be used.
- the freezing point of the overall composition can be adjusted to a desired level while maintaining and improving the functions (e.g., extinguishing function) of other components of the fire extinguishing composition.
- the lower limit of the molar mass of the freezing point regulator may be about 10 g/mol, 15 g/mol, 20 g/mol, 25 g/mol, 30 g/mol, 35 g/mol, 40 g/mol, 45 g/mol, 50 g/mol, 55 g/mol, 60 g/mol, 65 g/mol, 70 g/mol, 75 g/mol, 80 g/mol, 85 g/mol, 90 g/mol or 95 g/mol
- the upper limit may be about 300 g/mol, 250 g/mol, 200 g/mol, 150 g/mol, 145 g/mol, 140 g/mol, 135 g/mol, 130 g/mol, 125 g/mol, 120 g/mol, 115 g/mol, 110 g/mol, 105 g/mol, 100 g/mol, 95 g/mol, 90 g/mol, 85 g/mol, 80 g/mol, 75 g/mol, 70
- the above composition may contain other ionic compounds in addition to the ionic compound used as the freezing point regulator.
- the ionic compound may be present so that ⁇ T1 of the following formula 1 is within a predetermined range.
- M1 is the molal concentration of all ionic compounds included in the composition with respect to the solvent. That is, M1 is the number of moles of the ionic compound per 1 kg of the solvent.
- I1 is the number of moles of ions produced when 1 mole of the ionic compound is dissociated.
- dissociation means when the ionic compound is completely dissociated.
- ⁇ T1 is calculated for each ionic compound and added to obtain ⁇ T1 in Equation 1.
- the above ⁇ T1 is selected in consideration of the target freezing point and the form of vaporization when necessary.
- the lower limit of the above ⁇ T1 may be about 5, 10, 15, 20, 22, or 24, and the upper limit may be about 40, 35, 30, 25, or 20.
- the above ⁇ T1 may be within a range that is lower than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is higher than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is lower than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above and higher than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above. In this range, the composition can be formed so that it is maintained in a liquid state at a necessary time, and vaporizes when vaporization is necessary, so that the vaporization can occur very quickly.
- the above composition can be controlled so that the ratio ⁇ T2/ ⁇ T1 of the above formula 2 to the above ⁇ T1 is within a predetermined range.
- the lower limit of the ratio ⁇ T2/ ⁇ T1 may be about 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8 or 0.85, and the upper limit may be about 1, 0.95, 0.9, 0.85, 0.8, 0.75 or 0.7.
- the ratio ⁇ T2/ ⁇ T1 may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or less than any one of the upper limits described above and equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above. In this range, the composition can be formulated so that it is maintained in a liquid state at a necessary point in time, and vaporizes at a necessary point in time, and so that the vaporization can occur very quickly.
- composition can also be formulated so that ⁇ T3 of the following formula 3 is within a predetermined range.
- M3 is the molal concentration of all alcohols included in the extinguishing composition with respect to the volatile solvent. In other words, M3 is the number of moles of alcohol per 1 kg of the solvent.
- ⁇ T3 is calculated for each alcohol and the sum thereof is used as ⁇ T3 in Equation 3.
- the upper limit of ⁇ T3 may be about 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, or 0, and its lower limit may be about 0.
- the ⁇ T3 may be within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above and greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above.
- ⁇ T3 being within the above range means that alcohol is substantially absent in the composition.
- Alcohol for example, ethylene glycol, is a substance that has been used as an additive for controlling freezing points in the past, but in the properties of the fire extinguishing composition disclosed herein, it does not exhibit an appropriate freezing point controlling effect, does not appropriately control the form of vaporization, and may impart flammability and/or toxicity to the composition. Therefore, it is appropriate to control it within the above ⁇ T3 range.
- the above-described extinguishing composition may contain, as an additional component, for example, a carbonizable organic substance.
- the carbonizable organic substance is an organic substance that is carbonized to form a carbide when exposed to a flame or heat at a predetermined temperature.
- the carbide formed by such an organic substance is often porous and may have an insulating function accordingly. Accordingly, when the composition is exposed to heat generation, ignition, or explosion, the organic substance may form an appropriate carbide to exhibit an insulating function.
- the porous carbide may be formed more effectively through the action of gas generated from the gas-generating substance in the process of the organic substance forming a carbide when exposed to the heat generation, ignition, or explosion.
- any suitable type may be applied without special restrictions as long as it is a substance that forms carbon when exposed to heat or flame.
- a type that is non-flammable or emits little or no toxic gas may be selected from known organic matter.
- organic substances include sugars such as sorbitol or mannitol, polysaccharides such as starch or dextrins (e.g., MC (maleated cyclodexdrin) or metal salts of MC), polyhydric alcohols such as pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol or THEIC (tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate), cellulose, BSPPO (bi(4-methoxy-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]-octan-1-sulfide)phenylphosphate), lignin (alkali lignin or urea modified lignin), melamine compounds such as methylol melamine, phenol-formaldehyde. Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, charforming polymers such as phenol-formaldehyde resins and/or poly-hexa m
- a representative material that can be applied as the above carbonizable organic material is starch.
- Starch is relatively easy to obtain and can form an appropriate carbonized substance when exposed to heat or flame.
- the type of starch can be controlled.
- the starch includes amylose and amylopectin, and although it is not particularly limited, starch whose ratio is controlled to an appropriate level can be used.
- the starch may include amylose and amylopectin, and starch having an appropriate ratio thereof may be used.
- amylopectin and amylose are a type of polysaccharide mainly found in plants, and starch among the polysaccharides is composed of amylose and amylopectin.
- Amylose is composed of glucose molecules linked by ⁇ (1 ⁇ 4) glycosidic bonds and has a linear chain structure, whereas amylopectin has a relatively short and highly branched chain. Amylose is relatively easily crystallized compared to amylopectin, and amylopectin has relatively high solubility in water compared to amylose.
- the desired composition can be more efficiently provided by using starch in which amylose and amylopectin having the above characteristics exist in an appropriate ratio.
- the lower limit of the weight ratio of the amylopectin to 100 parts by weight of the amylose may be about 150 parts by weight, 200 parts by weight, 250 parts by weight, or 300 parts by weight
- the upper limit may be about 900 parts by weight, 850 parts by weight, 800 parts by weight, 750 parts by weight, 700 parts by weight, 650 parts by weight, 600 parts by weight, 550 parts by weight, 500 parts by weight, 450 parts by weight, 400 parts by weight, 350 parts by weight, or 300 parts by weight.
- the ratio may be within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; Or it may be within a range between any one of the upper limits described above and less than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above and greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above.
- the ratio of amylose to amylopectin can be measured according to the method described in the Examples section of this specification.
- starch having a molecular weight for example, a weight average molecular weight (Mw) within a predetermined range
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- the lower limit of the weight average molecular weight of the starch is 200,000 g/mol, 250,000 g/mol, 300,000 g/mol, 350,000 g/mol, 400,000 g/mol, 450,000 g/mol, 500,000 g/mol, 550,000 g/mol, 600,000 g/mol, 650,000 g/mol, 700,000 g/mol, 750,000 g/mol, 800,000 g/mol, 850,000 g/mol, 900,000 g/mol, 950,000 g/mol, 1,000,000 g/mol, 1,500,000 g/mol, 2,000,000 g/mol, 2,500,000 g/mol, 3,000,000 g/mol, 3,500,000 g/mol, 4,000,000 g/mol, 4,500,000 g/mol, 5,000,000 g/mol, 5,500,000 g/mol, 6,000,000 g/mol,
- the molecular weight can be within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above and greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above.
- Starch having the molecular weight (Mw) as described above can form a carbide having a desired function (e.g., an insulating function) more effectively when exposed to heat or flame.
- the lower limit of the weight ratio of the carbonizable organic material to 100 parts by weight of the vaporizable solvent in the digestive composition may be about 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight, or 10 parts by weight
- the upper limit may be about 100 parts by weight, 90 parts by weight, 80 parts by weight, 70 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, or 3 parts by weight.
- the ratio may be within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; Or it may be within a range between any one of the upper limits described above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above and greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above.
- the carbonizable organic material included in this proportion can effectively form carbonized materials when necessary in the composition, and can enable the composition to have excellent handling properties and storage stability overall.
- the composition may further include, for example, a fire extinguishing agent as an additional component to secure an appropriate fire extinguishing function.
- the fire extinguishing agent may promote the carbonization of the carbonizable organic matter and/or the gas generation of the gas-generating substance described below.
- the fire extinguishing agent may form an acid or an acid-based salt or ion at high temperature, and such a component may play a role in promoting the carbonization and gas generation process.
- the carbonized material may be provided with flame retardancy, or a component may be formed that exhibits flame retardancy on its own.
- the fire extinguishing agent described below may form a phosphoric acid-based substance by decomposition at high temperature, and such a substance may be polymerized to have flame retardancy. Accordingly, the fire extinguishing agent may be included in the composition so that the composition can respond to abnormal heating, ignition, and/or explosion.
- such a substance have a certain level or higher of solubility in the solvent (e.g., water).
- solubility in the solvent e.g., water
- coagulation or phase separation can not occur within the composition, and the formation of the carbonized material and/or the formation of the flame retardant can proceed more effectively.
- the lower limit of the solubility of the extinguishing agent can be about 5 g, 10 g, 15 g, 20 g, 25 g, 30 g, 35 g or 40 g
- the upper limit can be about 1000 g, 900 g, 800 g, 700 g, 600 g, 500 g, 400 g, 300 g, 200 g, 100 g, 90 g, 80 g, 70 g, 60 g, 50 g, 40 g or 30 g.
- the solubility may be within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above; or less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above and greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above.
- the solubility is the weight (g) of the extinguishing agent that can be dissolved at most in 100 g of water at 25°C, and is evaluated in the manner described in “2. Solubility Evaluation” of the Examples section of this specification.
- the above-mentioned extinguishing agent those having the above-mentioned solubility can be appropriately selected and used, and examples thereof include phosphoric acid, phosphate, and other phosphoric acid compounds, phosphonate compounds, or phosphate compounds.
- the above-mentioned extinguishing agent may be, for example, primary or secondary ammonium phosphate, urea phosphate, guanyl urea phosphate, or ammonium polyphosphate, and one or more of the above may be selected and used.
- the above-mentioned extinguishing agent may be a non-flammable or a type that emits little or no toxic gas from among known extinguishing agents.
- the lower limit of the weight ratio of the extinguishing agent to 100 parts by weight of the vaporizable solvent may be about 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight, 10 parts by weight, 11 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight, 13 parts by weight, 14 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 16 parts by weight, 17 parts by weight, 18 parts by weight, 19 parts by weight or 20 parts by weight, and the upper limit may be about 100 parts by weight, 90 parts by weight, 80 parts by weight, 70 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight or 10 parts by weight.
- the ratio is within a range that is equal to or less than any one of the upper limits described above; Or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or less than any one of the upper limits described above and equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above.
- the extinguishing agent included in such a ratio can exhibit an effective suppression effect against heat or flame and a formation effect of porous carbide in the composition when necessary, and can enable the composition to have excellent handling properties and storage stability as a whole.
- the present invention may further include a gas-generating material in the composition.
- the gas-generating material that may be included in the composition is a material that generates gas when exposed to heat or flame.
- the gas generated in this way may directly extinguish the heat or flame, and may also perform a function of making the carbonized material more porous during the process of forming the carbonized material by the carbonizable organic material.
- the type of gas generated by the above gas generating substance may use various types of gas generating substances, but a type that is non-flammable or emits little or no toxic gas may be selected from among known gas generating substances.
- the type of gas generated by the gas generating substance may be, for example, nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide, and/or water vapor.
- substances that generate the nitrogen gas include melamine, phosphate, guanidine, urea, melamine pyrophosphate, dicyandiamide, guanylurea phosphate, and glycine.
- substances that generate carbon dioxide include potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate, and magnesium bicarbonate.
- substances that generate water vapor include calcium hydroxide, magnesium dihydroxide, and aluminum trihydroxide.
- the substances applicable in the present specification are not limited thereto.
- one type or a mixture of two or more types selected from the types described above can be used.
- the lower limit of the weight ratio of the gas-generating substance relative to 100 parts by weight of the vaporizable solvent may be about 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 8 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight, or 10 parts by weight
- the upper limit may be about 100 parts by weight, 90 parts by weight, 80 parts by weight, 70 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, or 10 parts by weight.
- the ratio may be within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is more than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above and more than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above.
- the gas-generating material included in this proportion can exhibit an effective suppression effect against heat or flame and a formation effect of porous carbide when necessary in the composition, and can enable the composition to have excellent handling properties and storage stability overall.
- the above composition may additionally comprise an absorbent polymer as an additional component.
- Absorbent polymers are polymers that have the property of absorbing water.
- the absorbent polymer may be a so-called hydrogel polymer or hydrogel, which is generally defined as a cross-linked hydrophilic polymer.
- Such polymers are also known as SAP (Super Absorbent Polymer).
- the above absorbent polymer is a material capable of absorbing tens to thousands of times its own weight in moisture. This material can perform the function of allowing the composition of the present specification to exist in a gel state as a whole, thereby ensuring handling and storage stability.
- any polymer that can be applied as SAP can be used without limitation.
- a type that is non-flammable or emits little or no toxic gas can be selected from among known absorbent polymers.
- a vinyl polymer of the polyacrylate series is used as an absorbent polymer.
- the polyacrylate series polymer as mentioned above is a polymer manufactured from an acrylate series monomer, and if necessary, other known monomers may be additionally used in the formation of the polymer.
- the absorption properties of the absorbent polymer can be adjusted so that it exhibits properties suitable for the applications disclosed herein.
- the lower limit of centrifugal water retention capacity (CRC) of the absorbent polymer according to EDANA (European Disposables and Nonwovens Association) law WSP 241.3 may be about 12 g/g, 13 g/g, 14 g/g, 15 g/g, 16 g/g, 17 g/g, 18 g/g, 19 g/g, 20 g/g, 21 g/g, 22 g/g, 23 g/g, 24 g/g, 25 g/g, 26 g/g, 27 g/g, 28 g/g, 29 g/g, 30 g/g, 31 g/g, 32 g/g or 33 g/g, and the upper limit may be about 60 g/g, 55 g/g, 50 g/g, 45 g/g, It can be about 40 g/g or 35 g/g.
- CRC centrifugal water retention capacity
- the water retention capacity can be within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above and greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above.
- the absorbent polymer having the above-mentioned absorbency can be combined with other components of the composition of the present specification to exhibit desired properties.
- the above absorbent polymer may be a particulate polymer in one example, and in this case, the lower limit of the average particle diameter of the absorbent polymer may be about 10 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m, 100 ⁇ m or 140 ⁇ m, and the upper limit may be about 1000 ⁇ m, 950 ⁇ m, 900 ⁇ m, 850 ⁇ m, 800 ⁇ m, 750 ⁇ m, 700 ⁇ m, 650 ⁇ m, 600 ⁇ m, 550 ⁇ m, 500 ⁇ m, 450 ⁇ m, 400 ⁇ m, 350 ⁇ m, 300 ⁇ m, 250 ⁇ m or 200 ⁇ m.
- the above average particle size may be in a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above, or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above.
- the average particle size may be measured according to the method specified in NWSP 210.0.R2(15).
- the lower limit of the weight ratio of the absorbent polymer to 100 parts by weight of the vaporizable solvent may be about 1.0 parts by weight, 1.5 parts by weight, 2.0 parts by weight, 2.5 parts by weight, 3.0 parts by weight, 3.5 parts by weight, 4.0 parts by weight, 4.5 parts by weight or 5.0 parts by weight
- the upper limit may be about 20.0 parts by weight, 19.5 parts by weight, 19.0 parts by weight, 18.5 parts by weight, 18.0 parts by weight, 17.5 parts by weight, 17.0 parts by weight, 16.5 parts by weight, 16.0 parts by weight, 15.5 parts by weight, 15.0 parts by weight, 14.5 parts by weight, 14.0 parts by weight, 13.5 parts by weight, 13.0 parts by weight, 12.5 parts by weight, 12.0 parts by weight, 11.5 parts by weight, 11.0 parts by weight, 10.5 parts by weight, 10.0 parts by weight, 9.5 parts by weight, 9.0 parts by weight, 8.5 parts by weight, 8.0 parts by weight, 7.5 parts by weight,
- the ratio may be within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is more than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above and more than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above.
- the above composition comprises the above components and may comprise additional components if necessary.
- composition may additionally comprise a buffer.
- heat may be applied to the fire extinguishing device in an abnormal state, and additionally, high pressure may be applied momentarily.
- high pressure may be applied momentarily.
- a battery cell (12, 13, 14, 15) adjacent to the fire extinguishing device (100) explodes or rapidly expands
- high pressure is applied to the fire extinguishing device (100).
- volatile substances existing inside may be discharged to the outside before they are vaporized, and such discharge may reduce the efficiency of the fire extinguishing action.
- the above-mentioned buffer can act as a buffer for the pressure applied instantaneously as described above, and as a result, can allow sufficient vaporization of the vaporizable substance inside.
- the buffer can also play a role of carrying the vaporizable substance in some cases. That is, when the buffer has porosity as described below, or is in the form of woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, or felt, the buffer can exhibit the characteristic of absorbing or carrying the vaporizable substance.
- the type of buffer as long as it can perform the above function, and for example, one having an appropriate density and/or thermal decomposition temperature can be used.
- the upper limit of the density of the buffer may be about 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1.3, 1.1, 0.9, 0.7, 0.5, 0.3, 0.1, 0.08, 0.06 or 0.04, and the lower limit may be about 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 or 0.15.
- the density may be within a range that is equal to or less than any one of the above-described upper limits; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the above-described lower limits and equal to or less than any one of the above-described upper limits.
- the unit of the density is g/cm 3 .
- the upper limit of the thermal decomposition temperature of the buffer may be about 2,000°C, 1,800°C, 1,600°C, 1,400°C, 1,200°C, 1,000°C, 900°C, 800°C, 600°C, 500°C or 400°C
- the lower limit may be about 150°C, 200°C, 250°C, 300°C, 350°C, 400°C, 450°C, 500°C, 550°C, 600°C, 650°C, 700°C, 750°C or 800°C.
- the thermal decomposition temperature is within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; Or it may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and equal to or less than any one of the upper limits described above.
- the method for measuring the thermal decomposition temperature is described in “11. Thermal decomposition temperature” in the Examples section of the specification.
- the buffer any known material can be used without special limitation as long as it has the above density and/or thermal decomposition temperature.
- the buffer can be used as a known glass fiber, ceramic fiber and/or mineral fiber known as an insulating material.
- Such inorganic fibers can be in the form of a woven or non-woven fabric, such as a porous film, a porous sheet, a porous foil, wool or a felt.
- inorganic foam such as various metal foams, glass wool, mineral wool, woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics or felts made of glass fibers or mineral fibers, or foams, woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics or felts formed of carbonizable organic substances described below can also be used.
- Inorganic gels e.g., silica gel, etc.
- wet gels can also be used as buffers.
- any one type or a combination of two or more types selected from the various types mentioned above may be used.
- the size of the buffer is determined according to the size of the sealed space and there is no particular limitation.
- the buffer is in the form of the porous film, porous sheet, porous foil, wool, woven fabric, nonwoven fabric or felt described above
- the lower limit of the thickness of the buffer may be about 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm or 2.5 mm
- the upper limit may be about 20 mm, 15 mm, 10 mm, 9 mm, 8 mm, 7 mm, 6 mm, 5 mm, 4 mm or 3 mm.
- the thickness may be within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and equal to or less than any one of the upper limits described above.
- the above composition can exhibit advantageous properties, including the desired digestive effect, through a combination of the above-mentioned components.
- the composition may have a controlled viscosity and/or thixotropic index.
- the lower limit of the viscosity of the composition may be about 30,000 cP, 40,000 cP, 50,000 cP, 60,000 cP, 70,000 cP, 80,000 cP, 90,000 cP, 100,000 cP, 110,000 cP, 120,000 cP, 130,000 cP, 140,000 cP, 150,000 cP or 155,000 cP, and the upper limit may be about 600,000 cP, 550,000 cP, 500,000 cP, 450,000 cP, 400,000 cP, 350,000 cP, 300,000 cP, 250,000 cP, 200,000 cP, 150,000 cP, 100,000 cP, 90,000 cP, 80,000 cP or 70,000 cP.
- the viscosity may be within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above.
- the viscosity is a value measured at room temperature (about 25°C) and a rotation speed of 0.5 rpm, and a specific measurement method is described in the Examples.
- the lower limit of the thixotropy index of the composition may be about 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 10.5, and the upper limit may be about 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, or 6.
- the thixotropy index may be within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above.
- the thixotropy index is a value obtained by dividing the viscosity measured at room temperature (about 25°C) and a rotation speed of 0.5 rpm by the viscosity measured at room temperature (about 25°C) and a rotation speed of 5 rpm, and a specific measurement method is described in the Examples.
- a composition having the viscosity and/or thixotropic index as described above can exhibit excellent handling properties and storage stability, etc.
- the composition may exhibit a certain latent heat characteristic.
- Latent heat is generally defined as the amount of heat required for a substance to undergo a phase transition without a change in temperature. However, when the composition exhibits the latent heat, it does not necessarily undergo a phase transition as a whole.
- the latent heat may occur in the process of a phase transition of at least a portion of the composition or a component included in the composition.
- That a composition exhibits latent heat means that the composition exhibits an endothermic peak in a predetermined temperature range in a DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) analysis performed in the manner described in the examples described below.
- the process in which the composition exhibits the latent heat may be an isothermal process or a process similar thereto. Accordingly, the composition can be applied to a product that generates heat to control the heat while maintaining the temperature of the product uniformly, and can minimize or prevent the influence of abnormal heat generation, explosion, and/or ignition occurring in one product on other adjacent products.
- the lower limit of the latent heat exhibited by the above composition may be, for example, about 500 J/g, 550 J/g, 600 J/g, 650 J/g, 700 J/g, 750 J/g, 800 J/g, 850 J/g, 900 J/g, 950 J/g, 1000 J/g, 1100 J/g, 1200 J/g or 1300 J/g, and the upper limit may be about 3000 J/g, 2800 J/g, 2600 J/g, 2400 J/g, 2200 J/g, 2000 J/g, 1800 J/g, 1600 J/g, 1400 J/g, 1200 J/g, 1000 J/g or 900 J/g.
- the latent heat may be within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and equal to or less than any one of the upper limits described above.
- the lower limit of the range of the on-set temperature at which the composition begins to exhibit the latent heat can be, for example, about 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C or 95°C
- the upper limit can be about 200°C, 180°C, 160°C, 140°C, 120°C, 100°C, 90°C or 80°C.
- the on-set temperature can be determined within a range that is lower than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above and higher than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above.
- the on-set temperature means the temperature of the left on-set point of the endothermic peak section of the DSC analysis.
- the lower limit of the temperature range representing the latent heat of the composition may be, for example, about 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, 95°C, 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, 150°C, 160°C, 170°C or 180°C, and the upper limit may be about 300°C, 280°C, 260°C, 240°C, 220°C, 200°C, 180°C or 160°C.
- the temperature range may be confirmed within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above and more than or equal to any one of the lower limits described above.
- the above temperature range is the value obtained by subtracting the temperature of the left on-set point from the temperature of the right on-set point of the endothermic peak range of the DSC analysis.
- the composition may additionally include various types of known additives as long as the above-mentioned properties are not impaired.
- types of additives there is no particular limitation on the types of additives.
- Various types of additives may be used, but it may be appropriate to select a type of additive that is non-flammable or emits little or no toxic gases among the known additives.
- the present specification also discloses a fire extinguishing device comprising the composition.
- the fire extinguishing device can be manufactured by loading the composition into a suitable case.
- the above-mentioned fire extinguishing device comprises a case having a sealed space inside and a vaporizable solvent or the composition present in the sealed space.
- the composition may be the aforementioned fire extinguishing composition, and the vaporizable solvent may be a component of the composition.
- the case is a container for holding the vaporizable solvent or composition.
- the case has the sealed space inside, or is prepared so as to form the sealed space.
- the case being prepared so as to form the sealed space inside means that the sealed space is formed inside the case, or that there is a certain space inside the case, and although the space is not sealed, the case exists so as to form the sealed space in a manner of sealing the open portion.
- vent region may mean a region that is sealed in a first state so that the sealed state of the space can be maintained, but is open in a second state so that the substance inside the space can be discharged.
- the second state may mean, for example, a state in which abnormal ignition, abnormal heating, and/or explosion occurs in an environment in which the composition or the extinguishing device is applied
- the first state may mean a state in which the abnormal ignition, abnormal heating, and abnormal explosion do not occur.
- vent areas can be formed in the manner described below.
- the case may have a Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR) within a predetermined range, or may include a portion having such a WVTR.
- WVTR Water Vapor Transmission Rate
- the upper limit of the WVTR of the case may be about 10, 9.5, 9, 8.5, 8, 7.5, 7, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1, 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, 0.35, 0.3, 0.25, 0.2, 0.15, 0.1, 0.05 or 0.01, and the lower limit may be about 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5.
- the WVTR is within a range that is equal to or less than any one of the upper limits described above; Or it may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and equal to or less than any one of the upper limits described above.
- the unit of the WVTR is g/m 2 day, and it is measured in the manner described in “7. WVTR (Water Vapor Transmission Rate) Evaluation” of the Examples section of the present specification.
- a certain level or more of the total area of the case forming the sealed space may have a WVTR within the above-described range.
- the WVTR in the above-described range can be confirmed in an area that is a certain percentage or more of the total area of the case.
- the lower limit of the area ratio of the portion having the WVTR in the above-described range of the total area of the case may be about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97% or 99%, and the upper limit may be about 100%.
- the ratio may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and equal to or less than the upper limit described above.
- a certain level or greater of the area of the portion forming the sealed space among the above cases may have a WVTR (Water Vapor Transmission Rate) within the above-described range.
- WVTR Water Vapor Transmission Rate
- the lower limit of the ratio of the area of the portion of the case forming the sealed space showing the WVTR within the above-described range may be approximately 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, or 99%, and the upper limit may be approximately 100%.
- the ratio may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the above-described lower limits; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the above-described lower limits and equal to or less than the above-described upper limit.
- the sealed space inside the case is substantially entirely surrounded by an area having a WVTR within the above-described range.
- This configuration can effectively cause an instantaneous increase in internal pressure inside the fire extinguishing device as described below.
- the above-mentioned extinguishing device is configured to stably maintain the vaporizable solvent or composition inside the device under normal conditions, and to release all or part of the vaporizable solvent, composition, or its vaporized substance to the outside under abnormal conditions.
- the abnormal conditions may be, for example, abnormal heat generation, ignition, and/or explosion, or conditions in which the TR and/or TP occur or are at risk of occurring.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a case where the fire extinguishing device (S) is applied to a battery module.
- the battery module can be configured by arranging a plurality of battery cells (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16) adjacent to each other, and the fire extinguishing device (S) can be arranged between battery cells as shown in the drawing (for example, between 12 and 13 of Fig. 1 and between 14 and 15 of Fig. 1).
- the above-described extinguishing device (S) maintains a vaporizable solvent, etc., inside it in a normal state.
- the vaporizable solvent, etc. of the extinguishing device (S) is ejected (dotted arrow in FIG. 1) directionally through, for example, the above-described vent region, etc., thereby responding to high temperatures or flames due to abnormal heating, ignition, and/or explosion.
- FIG. 1 a case is described where a substance is ejected from both the upper and lower directions of the extinguishing device (S), but the ejection direction is not limited to FIG. 1.
- the ejection direction may be one direction of the extinguishing device (S) or two or more directions.
- the ejection direction can be controlled by forming a vent region.
- the fire extinguishing device In order for the fire extinguishing device to effectively perform the above function in an abnormal state, it is required that the vaporizable solvent, etc. existing inside the case in a normal state be stably maintained, and that the vaporizable solvent, etc. be able to be quickly exhausted to the outside in a vaporized state as much as possible when an abnormal state occurs.
- the fire extinguishing device can satisfy the above requirements.
- the above digestive device explains the principle by which it operates.
- Fig. 2 shows only the extinguishing device (S) of Fig. 1 separately.
- a certain level of high heat or higher is instantaneously applied to the extinguishing device as indicated by the solid arrow in Fig. 2.
- the vaporizable solvent present inside the extinguishing device is vaporized by the applied heat.
- the vaporized substance is randomly propagated in all directions within the internal sealed space of the case (1001) of the extinguishing device as indicated by the dotted arrow in Fig. 2.
- the sealed space of the case (1001) is substantially surrounded by the area having the WVTR described above, the vaporized substance cannot be released to the outside, so the inside of the case (1001) becomes very high-pressure instantaneously. If the vent area (1002) of the case is instantaneously opened at a certain level of high pressure or higher, the gas inside is quickly discharged to the outside through the opened vent area (1002).
- the internal pressure of the case (1001) may not effectively increase in the above state, or the increase speed may be slow, so that the vent area (1002) may not be effectively opened, or even when the vent area (1002) is opened, the internal pressure may not be sufficient, so that some of the vaporized substances may remain without being discharged to the outside and consumed, or the discharge speed may be excessively slow.
- the effect can be maximized by the composition including the aforementioned ionic compound, etc., and satisfying ⁇ T1 and ⁇ T2, etc.
- the method for forming the above-mentioned vent area is not particularly limited.
- the vent area can be formed by designing the case forming the sealed space to be opened when the internal pressure reaches a certain level. For example, when some areas of the case forming the sealed space are configured to have lower strength than other areas, the portion having the lower strength can be opened by the increased internal pressure.
- a method of forming the sealed space by sealing using a hot melt material or the like so that opening occurs by melting at a certain temperature can also be used.
- the vent area can be formed by making only a certain area of the case forming the sealed space thinner than other areas. Such a method for forming the vent area can be easily adopted by those skilled in the art.
- the case when the above-described extinguishing device is applied to a battery module or pack, for convenience of application, the case may be a square case, a pouch-shaped case, and/or a cylindrical case having the same shape as the battery cell.
- the vent area may also be formed by controlling the bonding strength of the cover forming the sealed space in the square or cylindrical case.
- the above case can be configured using a known material as long as it can satisfy the above-mentioned WVTR, and the material can have a single-layer structure or a single-layer structure of two or more layers.
- the case can be formed using a material capable of exhibiting a WVTR within the above range among suitable organic and/or inorganic layers.
- organic layer for example, a known polymer film or sheet can be used.
- organic film examples thereof include a cellulose-based polymer film; a COP (cyclo olefin copolymer) film; an acrylic polymer film; a polyolefin film; a PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) film; a PVC (poly(vinyl chloride)) film, a PES (poly ether sulfone) film; a PEEK (polyetheretherketon) film; a PPS (polyphenylsulfone) film; a PEI (polyetherimide) film; a PEN (polyethylenemaphthatlate) film; a PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) film; a PI (polyimide) film; a PSF (polysulfone) film and/or a PAR (polyarylate) film.
- a cellulose-based polymer film examples thereof include a cellulose-based polymer
- a metal layer, a metal oxide layer, a metal nitride layer or a metal oxynitride layer may be used as the inorganic layer.
- the inorganic layer may be a metal layer, a metal oxide layer, a metal nitride layer or a metal oxynitride layer including at least one selected from the group consisting of In, Sn, Pb, Au, Cu, Ag, Zr, Hf, Zn, Al, Si, La, Ti and Ni.
- a foil, sheet or film of the material may be applied, or a layer formed by depositing the metal layer, the metal oxide layer, the metal nitride layer or the metal oxynitride layer on an appropriate substrate may be used.
- the material forming the case may be a single layer selected from the inorganic layer and organic layer, or a multilayer structure in which two or more of the layers are laminated.
- the thickness of the above-described inorganic layer and/or organic layer is not particularly limited and is selected in consideration of the properties of the desired WVTR, etc.
- the lower limit of the thickness may be about 1 ⁇ m, 5 ⁇ m, 10 ⁇ m, 15 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m, 25 ⁇ m or 30 ⁇ m
- the upper limit may be about 5,000 ⁇ m, 4,000 ⁇ m, 3,000 ⁇ m, 2,000 ⁇ m, 1,000 ⁇ m, 500 ⁇ m, 200 ⁇ m, 150 ⁇ m, 100 ⁇ m, 90 ⁇ m, 80 ⁇ m, 70 ⁇ m, 60 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m, 40 ⁇ m or 30 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is within a range that is equal to or less than any one of the upper limits described above; Or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and equal to or less than any one of the upper limits described above.
- the above digestive device may include additional components to perform the above action more effectively.
- the fire extinguishing device may additionally include a heat-conducting layer.
- the heat-conducting layer may be present at an appropriate location within the fire extinguishing device.
- the heat-conducting layer may be present between the case and the vaporizable solvent or composition in the fire extinguishing device, or the heat-conducting layer may be present adjacent to the case.
- Fig. 3 is an example of a case where the heat-conducting layer (2001) is added to the digestive device of Fig. 2.
- the heat-conducting layer may be present at different locations inside the case, and the number of layers may be one or two or more.
- thermally conductive layer is a layer having a thermal conductivity (at 20°C) in the range described below.
- the lower limit of the thermal conductivity (at 20°C) of the thermally conductive layer may be about 15, 18, 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, or 400, and the upper limit may be about 2,000, 1,500, 1,000, 900, 800, 700, 600, 500, 400, 300, 200, 100, or 50.
- the thermal conductivity may be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and equal to or less than any one of the upper limits described above.
- the unit of the above thermal conductivity is W/mK.
- the type of the thermally conductive layer is not particularly limited as long as it has the above thermal conductivity.
- metal materials can be used as the thermally conductive layer because they have excellent thermal conductivity properties.
- a layer made of a metal material such as aluminum, gold, pure silver, tungsten, copper, nickel, or platinum can be applied.
- the thickness of the heat-conducting layer there is no special limitation on the thickness of the heat-conducting layer, and an appropriate thickness can be set in consideration of the specifications of the fire extinguishing device, etc.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the heat-conducting layer may be about 1 ⁇ m, 5 ⁇ m, 10 ⁇ m, 15 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m, 75 ⁇ m, or 90 ⁇ m
- the upper limit may be about 500 ⁇ m, 400 ⁇ m, 300 ⁇ m, 200 ⁇ m, 100 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m, 40 ⁇ m, or 30 ⁇ m.
- the thickness may be within a range that is less than or equal to any one of the upper limits described above; within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and equal to or less than any one of the upper limits described above.
- the heat generated in an abnormal state may not be uniformly applied to the extinguishing device, but may be locally applied to only a certain area.
- the heat in the abnormal state must be uniformly applied to the extinguishing device.
- the heat can be quickly and entirely transferred to the extinguishing device, and accordingly, the extinguishing action of the extinguishing device described above can occur quickly and efficiently.
- the amount of the vaporizable solvent or the composition including the vaporizable solvent present in the internal space or the sealed space of the case in the extinguishing device can be adjusted.
- the lower limit of the volume ratio of the vaporizable solvent or the composition within the total volume of the internal space or the sealed space of the case can be about 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 95%, and the upper limit can be about 100%.
- the ratio can be within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is equal to or greater than any one of the lower limits described above and equal to or less than any one of the upper limits described above. Under such a ratio, the rapid increase in the internal pressure described above can be more effectively induced.
- the present specification also discloses an electronic device or apparatus to which the composition or the fire extinguishing device is applied.
- the type of electronic equipment or device is not particularly limited.
- the composition or extinguishing device may be applied to equipment or devices that have a risk of abnormal heat generation, ignition, and/or explosion during operation, maintenance, and/or storage, and where such abnormal phenomenon must be controlled.
- Examples of the equipment or devices described above include, for example, batteries.
- batteries In particular, in battery modules composed of multiple battery cells, it is important to prevent abnormal heat generation, ignition, and/or explosion occurring in one battery cell from spreading to adjacent battery cells.
- the present specification discloses a battery module or battery pack including the above-described digestive device.
- Such a battery module may include, in principle, a plurality of battery cells; and the fire extinguishing device disposed between the battery cells.
- the specific configuration of the battery module for example, the type of the battery cell, etc., is not particularly limited, and known materials can be applied.
- known pouch-type, square-type or cylindrical battery cells can be applied as the battery cell.
- the method for manufacturing the above battery module is not particularly limited, and for example, a method may be used in which the fire extinguishing device is manufactured in the form of a battery cell as described above, and then the fire extinguishing device is positioned at a required location during the manufacturing process of the battery module.
- the present specification relates to a fire extinguishing composition, a fire extinguishing device, and uses thereof.
- the present specification can provide a fire extinguishing composition, a fire extinguishing device, and uses thereof, which can be applied to products or elements that have a possibility of heat generation, ignition, and/or explosion during operation, storage, and/or maintenance, and can effectively respond to said heat generation, ignition, and/or explosion.
- the present specification can also provide a fire extinguishing composition that is non-flammable, has no flash point, or has a flash point that can respond to heat generation, ignition, and/or explosion, and is non-toxic, and a fire extinguishing device including the same.
- Figure 1 is an exemplary drawing of a battery module to which a fire extinguishing device is applied.
- Figure 2 is an exemplary drawing for explaining the operation of the digestive device.
- Figure 3 is an exemplary drawing for explaining the operating principle of the digestive device.
- Figure 4 is a drawing for explaining the process of manufacturing a fire extinguishing device in an embodiment.
- Fig. 5 is a cross-section showing one exemplary form of a case applied in the embodiment.
- the freezing point was evaluated at 1 atm by the method specified in the OECD Guideline for testing of chemicals 102 (adopted by the council on 27th July 1995).
- Solubility was evaluated based on the ASTM E1148-02 standard. The solubility was confirmed by evaluating the maximum amount of sample dissolved in 100 g of water at 0°C or room temperature (approximately 25°C) according to the above standard.
- the composition was loaded onto an aluminum dish having a bottom thickness of about 0.2 mm. The loading was performed so that the composition had a thickness of about 3 mm.
- the aluminum dish was placed on a temperature sensor (k-type thermocoupler). Then, a flame was vertically applied at a height of about 1 inch from the composition loaded onto the dish. The flame was applied using butane gas (can type butane gas (unused product) with a capacity of 220 g) and a torch. The temperature was measured with the temperature sensor while applying the flame for about 3 minutes, and the temperature was evaluated according to the following criteria.
- the square batteries were arranged side by side at intervals of about 3 mm, and a fire extinguishing device was placed between them.
- battery ignition was induced in one square battery according to the SAE J2464:2009 standard, and whether or not a chain ignition occurred in other cells was confirmed.
- the battery ignition was induced by penetrating a nail with a diameter of about 5 mm into the square battery at a speed of 25 mm/sec (Nail Penetration method).
- NG If a fire occurs in a battery cell other than the one through which the nail was pierced.
- the molecular weight of starch was evaluated using the following method.
- a 25 mg sample whose molecular weight is to be measured was taken, mixed with 5 mL of a 150 mM NaNO 3 aqueous solution containing 0.02 wt% NaN 3 , heated at 80° C. for 20 hours, and then filtered through a 0.4 ⁇ m Nylon Syringe Filter to prepare a sample solution.
- the molecular weight was evaluated using the above sample solution and mobile phase A in the following manner.
- Injection volume 100 ⁇ l (0.45 ⁇ m filtered)
- amylopectin and amylose contents of starch were evaluated according to the method described in the paper (Potato Research 31 (1988) 241-246).
- a sample (about 5 mg of starch) was prepared by dissolving it in about 1 mL of sterile water (step 1), and then heated in a water bath at 95°C for about 15 minutes (step 2).
- step 3 about 20 ⁇ l of the sample was placed in a cuvette (step 3), and about 980 ⁇ l of iodine solution was added and mixed (step 4).
- Step 5 the absorbance of the sample mixed with the iodine solution at wavelengths of 525 nm and 700 nm was measured and recorded, respectively.
- the absorbance was measured using the OPTIZEN POP model from KLAB.
- step 6 About 20 ⁇ l of water was placed in another cuvette, 980 ⁇ l of iodine solution was added, and mixed (step 6). For the solution in step 6, the absorbance at wavelengths of 525 nm and 700 nm was measured and recorded, respectively, in the same manner as in step 5 (step 7).
- step 7 The absorbance obtained in step 7 was subtracted from the absorbance obtained in step 5, and the ratio (%) of amylose was confirmed according to the following formula C (step 8).
- PA is the proportion (%) of amylose
- OD700 is the value obtained by subtracting the absorbance at a wavelength of 700 nm measured in step 7 from the absorbance at a wavelength of 700 nm measured in step 5
- OD525 is the value obtained by subtracting the absorbance at a wavelength of 525 nm measured in step 7 from the absorbance at a wavelength of 525 nm measured in step 5.
- the WVTR of the case was evaluated according to ASTM F1249 under the conditions of 38°C and 100% relative humidity.
- the melting point of the hot melt film applied to the manufacture of a digestive device was evaluated using a DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) equipment (TA instrument, Q200 model).
- the temperature range during the evaluation was from 25°C to 300°C.
- the left on-set point and the right on-set point of the endothermic peak section confirmed while increasing the temperature from 25°C to 300°C at a rate of approximately 10°C/min were designated as the start and end of the phase transition, and the temperature of the maximum peak in the corresponding section was set as the melting point.
- CRC was measured according to EDANA WSP 241.3.
- About 0.2 g (W0) of absorbent polymer was placed in a nonwoven bag, sealed, and immersed in saline solution at room temperature.
- the saline solution used was a 0.9 wt% NaCl aqueous solution.
- the above condition was maintained for about 30 minutes, and water was removed from the bag for 3 minutes using a centrifuge at 250 G, and then the mass (g, W2) of the bag was measured.
- CRC (g/g) ⁇ [W2(g) - W1(g)]/W0(g) ⁇ - 1
- AUP was measured according to EDANA method WSP 242.3.
- a 400 mesh stainless steel wire mesh was installed on the bottom of a plastic cylinder with an inner diameter of about 60 mm, 0.0 g (W0) (0.90 g) of an absorbent polymer was uniformly sprayed on the wire mesh, and a piston capable of uniformly applying a load of 0.3 psi was installed thereon.
- the piston had an outer diameter slightly smaller than 60 mm, was installed so that there was no gap with the inner wall of the cylinder, and could move up and down.
- the weight (g, W3) of the device was measured.
- a 0.9 wt% NaCl aqueous solution was used as the saline solution.
- a sheet of filter paper having a diameter of 90 mm was placed on top of it.
- the measuring device was placed on the filter paper, and the saline solution was absorbed for 1 hour under a load of 0.3 psi. Thereafter, the measuring device was lifted, and its weight (g, W4) was measured.
- AUP(g/g) [W4(g) - W3(g)]/W0(g)
- the thermal decomposition temperature was confirmed by TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis). Using a TGA e850 from Mettler-Toledo, the temperature of the sample was increased from approximately 20°C at a rate of 5°C/min in an N2 flow atmosphere, and the point at which the weight loss was 5% or more was defined as the thermal decomposition temperature.
- the flammability of the freezing point regulator was evaluated according to ASTM D93.
- the sample ignition source
- the sample was placed in a 100 mL brass test cup in an amount of about 90 volume% of the cup, stirred at about 100 times/min, and the flash point was evaluated while increasing the temperature at a rate of 5°C/min with a diameter of the ignition source of about 3.2 mm to 4.8 mm.
- the sample is vaporized without ignition, and has no flash point or a flash point of 120°C or higher, it is evaluated as PASS. If it is ignited, the temperature at the time of ignition is used as the flash point and it is evaluated as NG.
- the generation of toxic gases was evaluated using length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeters according to the ASTM D4599-21 standard.
- the length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeters are tubes that can measure concentration according to color, and there are designated measurement tubes for each toxic gas.
- a gas sample generated from the target substance was collected for about 1 minute and quantified.
- a 100 ml syringe was used to inject a sample into the open end of the length-of-stain colorimetric dosimeters, and after maintaining it for about 8 hours, the concentration of each gas was measured.
- the toxic gases measured by the above method were chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas.
- the extinguishing composition was placed in an aluminum can, and the ignition property was evaluated.
- the aluminum can was manufactured in the form of an envelope with an open top using aluminum foil having a thickness of about 3 mm.
- the length and width of the can were about 9 cm and 12 cm, respectively, and the internal volume was about 32.4 cm 3 .
- the inside of the can was filled with a fire extinguishing composition, and a flame was applied vertically to one side of the can at a distance of about 1 inch while the top of the can was opened.
- the flame was applied using butane gas (can type butane gas (unused product) with a capacity of 220 g) and a torch.
- a first mixture was prepared by mixing water (W), ammonium phosphate (N)(NH 4 H 2 PO 4 )(gold) (molar mass: 115.0257 g/mol), and potassium formate (F)(potassium formate)(HCOOK)(gold) (molar mass 84.12 g/mol) in a weight ratio (W:N:F) of 100:20:30.
- the mixing was performed at room temperature (approximately 25°C) under mixing conditions of 300 rpm for approximately 10 minutes.
- the above potassium formate is a non-flammable substance that has no flash point, and the concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured according to the toxic gas evaluation method are all 0 ppm, so it is a non-toxic substance.
- the solubility of the above potassium formate in 100 g of water at 0°C is about 32.8 g, and the solubility in 100 g of water at 25°C is about 331 g.
- the above first ammonium phosphate (N) (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) has a solubility of about 29 g in 100 g of water at 25°C.
- starch (S) Sigma-Aldrich
- melamine (M) ACROS ORGANICS
- W:S:M the ratio of water (W) to the starch (S) and melamine (M) was adjusted to about 100:10:10.
- the mixing was performed at room temperature (about 25°C) under mixing conditions of 300 rpm for about 30 minutes.
- corn starch was used as the starch, and starch having a weight average molecular weight of about 51,000,000 g/mol and a weight ratio of amylose and amylopectin (amylose:amylopectin) of about 25:75 was used.
- an absorbent polymer (SAP) was additionally mixed into the second mixture to manufacture a composition.
- the mixing of the absorbent polymer was performed by mixing the second mixture and the absorbent polymer, and mixing at room temperature (about 25°C) and mixing conditions of 300 rpm for about 2 hours. The mixing was performed so that the weight ratio (W:P) of the water (W) and the absorbent polymer (P) of the mixture was about 100:5.
- SAP GS-803ND product of LG Chemical was used as the absorbent polymer, and applied to a size of about 150 ⁇ m through a pulverization and classification process.
- the CRC (Centrifuge Retention Capacity) of this absorbent polymer was approximately 33.5 g/g, and the AUP (Absorption Under Pressure) was approximately 28.1 g/g.
- the fire extinguishing composition was placed inside a can (case) made of aluminum used in the manufacture of square batteries, and the open portion was sealed to manufacture a fire extinguishing device.
- the WVTR of the can used in the square battery was approximately 0 g/m 2 ⁇ day.
- the fire extinguishing composition was injected into the inside of the can (1001) and then the cover (1002) was covered to manufacture a fire extinguishing device.
- the composition was injected so that at least 90% of the volume of the empty space inside the can was filled.
- the square battery can was 9 cm wide, 12 cm long, and 3 cm thick.
- a fire extinguishing composition and a fire extinguishing device were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that sodium formate (HCOONa) (Daemyung Chemical) (molar mass: 68.01 g/mol) was used instead of potassium formate (HCOOK) (Daejung Chemical).
- HCOONa sodium formate
- HCOOK potassium formate
- the above sodium formate is a non-flammable substance that has no flash point, and the concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured according to the toxic gas evaluation method are all 0 ppm, so it is a non-toxic substance.
- the solubility of the above sodium formate in 100 g of water at 0°C is about 43.82 g, and the solubility in 100 g of water at 25°C is about 97.2 g.
- a fire extinguishing composition and a fire extinguishing device were each prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that potassium acetate (CH 3 COOK) (Daejunghwagum) (molar mass: 98.15 g/mol) was used instead of potassium formate (HCOOK) (Daejunghwagum) when preparing the fire extinguishing composition.
- CH 3 COOK potassium acetate
- HCOOK potassium formate
- the above potassium acetate is a non-flammable substance that has no flash point, and the concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured according to the toxic gas evaluation method are all 0 ppm, so it is a non-toxic substance.
- the solubility of the above potassium acetate in 100 g of water at 0°C is about 216 g, and the solubility in 100 g of water at 25°C is about 268.6 g.
- a first mixture was prepared by mixing water (tap water) (W), monobasic ammonium phosphate (N) (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) (Daejung Chemical Gold), and potassium acetate (CH 3 COOK) (Daejung Chemical Gold) (molar mass 98.15 g/mol) (F) in a weight ratio of 160:15:90 (W:N:F).
- W tap water
- N monobasic ammonium phosphate
- CH 3 COOK potassium acetate
- the mixing was performed at room temperature (approximately 25°C) under mixing conditions of 300 rpm for approximately 10 minutes.
- the above potassium acetate is a non-flammable substance having no flash point, and the concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured according to the toxic gas evaluation method were all 0 ppm, indicating that it was a non-toxic substance.
- the solubility of the above potassium acetate in 100 g of water at 0°C is about 216 g, and the solubility in 100 g of water at 25°C is about 268.6 g.
- the first ammonium phosphate (N) (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) was the same as that used in Example 1.
- starch (S) (the same as that used in Example 1) was additionally mixed into the first mixture to prepare a fire extinguishing composition.
- the ratio (W:S) of water (W) and the starch (S) was adjusted to about 160:3.
- the mixing was performed at room temperature (about 25°C) under mixing conditions of 300 rpm for about 30 minutes.
- the above-mentioned digestive composition was supported on a porous film.
- a porous film glass wool (thickness: about 2.5 mm, density: about 0.03 g/cm 3 , thermal decomposition temperature: about 400°C) (Glass wool blanket, Rosewool) was used.
- a fire extinguishing device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that glass wool impregnated with the fire extinguishing composition was used instead of the fire extinguishing composition. At this time, the fire extinguishing composition and the glass wool impregnated with the composition were placed inside the can to fill at least 90% of the volume of the empty space inside the can.
- a fire extinguishing composition and a fire extinguishing device were each prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that ethylene glycol (Daejung Gold) (molar mass: 62.07 g/mol) was used instead of potassium formate (HCOOK) (Daejung Gold) when preparing the fire extinguishing composition.
- ethylene glycol Daejung Gold
- HCOOK potassium formate
- the above ethylene glycol is a flammable substance with a flash point of approximately 111°C, and the concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured according to the toxic gas evaluation method are all 0 ppm, making it a non-toxic substance.
- a fire extinguishing composition and a fire extinguishing device were each prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that CaCl 2 (gold) (molar mass: 110.98 g/mol) was used instead of potassium formate (HCOOK) (gold) when preparing the fire extinguishing composition.
- CaCl 2 gold
- HCOOK potassium formate
- the above CaCl 2 is a non-flammable substance having no flash point, and the chlorine gas measured according to the toxic gas evaluation method is 0.001 ppm, and the concentrations of ammonia gas and hydrofluoric acid gas are each 0 ppm, so it is a toxic substance.
- the solubility of the above CaCl 2 in 100 g of water at 0°C is about 59.5 g, and the solubility in 100 g of water at 25°C is about 74.5 g.
- a fire extinguishing composition and a fire extinguishing device were each manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Xylitol (Daejung Gold) (molar mass: 152.15 g/mol) was used instead of potassium formate (HCOOK) (Daejung Gold) when manufacturing a fire extinguishing composition, and the weight ratio (W:F) of water (W) and the Xylitol (F) was set to 100:15.
- Xylitol Daejung Gold
- HCOOK potassium formate
- the above Xylitol is a non-flammable substance having no flash point, and the concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured according to the toxic gas evaluation method are all 0 ppm, so it is a non-toxic substance.
- the solubility of the above Xylitol in 100 g of water at 0°C is about 10 g, and the solubility in 100 g of water at 25°C is about 10 g.
- a fire extinguishing composition and a fire extinguishing device were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (Daemyung Chemical) (molar mass: approximately 342.14 g/mol) was used instead of potassium formate (HCOOK) (Daejung Chemical) when preparing the fire extinguishing composition.
- Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (Daemyung Chemical) (molar mass: approximately 342.14 g/mol) was used instead of potassium formate (HCOOK) (Daejung Chemical) when preparing the fire extinguishing composition.
- the above Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 is a non-flammable substance that has no flash point, and the concentrations of chlorine gas, ammonia gas, and hydrofluoric acid gas measured according to the toxic gas evaluation method are all 0 ppm, so it is a non-toxic substance.
- the solubility of the above Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 in 100 g of water at 0°C is about 31.2 g, and the solubility in 100 g of water at 25°C is about 36.4 g.
- flammability is the result of evaluating the above “14. Flammability”
- toxicity is the result of evaluating the generated gas and its concentration according to the above “13. Evaluation of generation of toxic gas”. If the corresponding column is blank, it means that there is no generation of toxic gas as evaluated according to the above evaluation method.
- ⁇ T1 is a value obtained by calculating with the formula 1.86 ⁇ M1 ⁇ I for all ionic compounds in the fire extinguishing composition (M1 is the molal concentration of each ionic compound with respect to water, and I is the number of moles of ions generated when 1 mole of the ionic compound is completely dissociated)
- ⁇ T2 is a value obtained by calculating with the formula 1.86 ⁇ M2 ⁇ I for ionic compounds in the fire extinguishing composition having a solubility in water at 25°C of 75 g or more (M2 is the molal concentration of each ionic compound with respect to water, and I is the number of moles of ions generated when 1 mole of the ionic compound is completely dissociated)
- ⁇ T3 is a value obtained by calculating with the formula 1.86 ⁇ M3 for alcohols (ethylene glycol and xylitol) in the fire extinguishing composition (M3 is the molal concentration of
- Example 1 2 3 4 Composition freezing point (°C) -26 -30.4 -23 -24.35 ⁇ T1 19.73 22.88 17.84 24.35 ⁇ T2 13.27 16.41 11.37 21.32 ⁇ T3 0 0 0 0 0 Convection Test PASS PASS PASS PASS Chain ignition test PASS PASS PASS PASS Flammability PASS PASS PASS PASS Toxicity - - - - -
- Comparative example 1 2 3 4 Composition freezing point (°C) -26 -29 -13 -18 ⁇ T1 6.47 21.55 6.47 14.62 ⁇ T2 0 15.08 0 8.15 ⁇ T3 8.99 0 1.83 0 Convection Test NG PASS NG NG Chain ignition test NG PASS NG NG Flammability NG PASS NG PASS Toxicity - Chlorine gas 0.001ppm - - -
- a fire extinguishing device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a can dash pouch was used.
- the pouch was manufactured by laminating a PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) film (thickness: about 10 ⁇ m), an aluminum foil (thickness: about 20 ⁇ m), and a PP (polypropylene) hot melt film (thickness: about 70 ⁇ m) in the above order.
- the PET film was laminated on one side of the aluminum foil with an adhesive, and the PP hot melt film was laminated on the other side at a temperature of about 200°C to manufacture an outer shell.
- a film having a melting point of about 140°C was used as the PP hot melt film. As shown in Fig.
- a concave portion (I) was formed in the central portion of the outer shell to prepare an upper outer shell (121) and a lower outer shell (122), respectively.
- a fire extinguishing composition was placed in the concave portion (I) between the upper and lower outer skins (121, 122), and the PP hot melt films were fused to each other at a temperature of about 200°C in the sealing portion (S), thereby manufacturing a fire extinguishing device. Thereafter, three of the four sealing portions (S) were folded so that the unfolded sealing portions could function as a vent area.
- the composition was injected so as to occupy at least 90% of the volume of the sealed space formed by the concave portion (I).
- the WVTR of the case was about 0 g/m 2 day.
- the case was manufactured to have a width of about 9 cm, a length of about 12 cm, and a thickness of about 3 cm.
- a fire extinguishing device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the pouch manufactured in Example 5 was used instead of the can.
- a fire extinguishing device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the pouch of Example 5 was used instead of the can.
- a fire extinguishing device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the pouch of Example 5 was used instead of the can.
- a fire extinguishing device was manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the pouch of Example 5 was used instead of the can.
- a fire extinguishing device was manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2, except that the pouch of Example 5 was used instead of the can.
- a fire extinguishing device was manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3, except that the pouch type of Example 5 was used instead of the can.
- a fire extinguishing device was manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 4, except that the pouch of Example 5 was used instead of the can.
- Example 5 6 7 8 Composition freezing point (°C) -26 -30.4 -23 -24.35 ⁇ T1 19.73 22.88 17.84 24.35 ⁇ T2 13.27 16.41 11.37 21.32 ⁇ T3 0 0 0 0 0 Convection Test PASS PASS PASS PASS Chain ignition test PASS PASS PASS PASS Flammability PASS PASS PASS PASS Toxicity - - - - -
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
| 실시예 | ||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| 조성물 빙점(℃) | -26 | -30.4 | -23 | -24.35 |
| △T1 | 19.73 | 22.88 | 17.84 | 24.35 |
| △T2 | 13.27 | 16.41 | 11.37 | 21.32 |
| △T3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Convection Test | PASS | PASS | PASS | PASS |
| 연쇄 발화 테스트 | PASS | PASS | PASS | PASS |
| 발화성 | PASS | PASS | PASS | PASS |
| 유독성 | - | - | - | - |
| 비교예 | ||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| 조성물 빙점(℃) | -26 | -29 | -13 | -18 |
| △T1 | 6.47 | 21.55 | 6.47 | 14.62 |
| △T2 | 0 | 15.08 | 0 | 8.15 |
| △T3 | 8.99 | 0 | 1.83 | 0 |
| Convection Test | NG | PASS | NG | NG |
| 연쇄 발화 테스트 | NG | PASS | NG | NG |
| 발화성 | NG | PASS | NG | PASS |
| 유독성 | - | 염소가스 0.001ppm | - | - |
| 실시예 | ||||
| 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
| 조성물 빙점(℃) | -26 | -30.4 | -23 | -24.35 |
| △T1 | 19.73 | 22.88 | 17.84 | 24.35 |
| △T2 | 13.27 | 16.41 | 11.37 | 21.32 |
| △T3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Convection Test | PASS | PASS | PASS | PASS |
| 연쇄 발화 테스트 | PASS | PASS | PASS | PASS |
| 발화성 | PASS | PASS | PASS | PASS |
| 유독성 | - | - | - | - |
| 비교예 | ||||
| 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
| 조성물 빙점(℃) | -26 | -29 | -13 | -18 |
| △T1 | 6.47 | 21.55 | 6.47 | 14.62 |
| △T2 | 0 | 15.08 | 0 | 8.15 |
| △T3 | 8.99 | 0 | 1.83 | 0 |
| Convection Test | NG | PASS | NG | NG |
| 연쇄 발화 테스트 | NG | PASS | NG | NG |
| 발화성 | NG | PASS | NG | PASS |
| 유독성 | - | 염소가스 0.001ppm | - | - |
Claims (18)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202480006893.2A CN120476010A (zh) | 2023-06-05 | 2024-06-05 | 组合物 |
| JP2025541681A JP2026504358A (ja) | 2023-06-05 | 2024-06-05 | 組成物 |
| EP24819569.5A EP4631582A1 (en) | 2023-06-05 | 2024-06-05 | Composition |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR20230072165 | 2023-06-05 | ||
| KR10-2023-0072165 | 2023-06-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024253418A1 true WO2024253418A1 (ko) | 2024-12-12 |
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ID=93796126
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2024/007688 Ceased WO2024253418A1 (ko) | 2023-06-05 | 2024-06-05 | 조성물 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4631582A1 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP2026504358A (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR20240173619A (ko) |
| CN (1) | CN120476010A (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO2024253418A1 (ko) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010119754A (ja) * | 2008-11-21 | 2010-06-03 | Kazuo Takase | 消火剤の製造方法 |
| CN105140427A (zh) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-12-09 | 中国民用航空总局第二研究所 | 一种预防锂电池及其包装件燃烧用材料及制备方法 |
| CN115738159A (zh) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-07 | 晋西铁路车辆有限责任公司 | 一种水系灭火剂及其制备方法 |
| KR20230072165A (ko) | 2021-11-17 | 2023-05-24 | (주)엘엑스하우시스 | 바닥재 |
| KR20230075792A (ko) * | 2021-11-23 | 2023-05-31 | 사단법인 한국화재보험협회 | 리튬이온배터리용 강화액 소화약제 및 이를 포함하는 소화시스템 |
-
2024
- 2024-06-05 CN CN202480006893.2A patent/CN120476010A/zh active Pending
- 2024-06-05 WO PCT/KR2024/007688 patent/WO2024253418A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2024-06-05 KR KR1020240073492A patent/KR20240173619A/ko active Pending
- 2024-06-05 EP EP24819569.5A patent/EP4631582A1/en active Pending
- 2024-06-05 JP JP2025541681A patent/JP2026504358A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010119754A (ja) * | 2008-11-21 | 2010-06-03 | Kazuo Takase | 消火剤の製造方法 |
| CN105140427A (zh) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-12-09 | 中国民用航空总局第二研究所 | 一种预防锂电池及其包装件燃烧用材料及制备方法 |
| KR20230072165A (ko) | 2021-11-17 | 2023-05-24 | (주)엘엑스하우시스 | 바닥재 |
| KR20230075792A (ko) * | 2021-11-23 | 2023-05-31 | 사단법인 한국화재보험협회 | 리튬이온배터리용 강화액 소화약제 및 이를 포함하는 소화시스템 |
| CN115738159A (zh) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-07 | 晋西铁路车辆有限责任公司 | 一种水系灭火剂及其制备方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| OECD GUIDELINE FOR TESTING OF CHEMICALS, vol. 102, 27 July 1995 (1995-07-27) |
| POTATO RESEARCH, vol. 31, 1988, pages 241 - 246 |
| See also references of EP4631582A1 |
| YUAN SHUAI, CHANG CHONGYE, YAN SHUAISHUAI, ZHOU PAN, QIAN XINMING, YUAN MENGQI, LIU KAI: "A review of fire-extinguishing agent on suppressing lithium-ion batteries fire", JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 62, 1 November 2021 (2021-11-01), AMSTERDAM, NL , pages 262 - 280, XP093247335, ISSN: 2095-4956, DOI: 10.1016/j.jechem.2021.03.031 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4631582A1 (en) | 2025-10-15 |
| JP2026504358A (ja) | 2026-02-05 |
| KR20240173619A (ko) | 2024-12-12 |
| CN120476010A (zh) | 2025-08-12 |
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