WO2024203237A1 - 液体フィルター用基材及び液体フィルター - Google Patents
液体フィルター用基材及び液体フィルター Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024203237A1 WO2024203237A1 PCT/JP2024/009379 JP2024009379W WO2024203237A1 WO 2024203237 A1 WO2024203237 A1 WO 2024203237A1 JP 2024009379 W JP2024009379 W JP 2024009379W WO 2024203237 A1 WO2024203237 A1 WO 2024203237A1
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- microporous membrane
- polyolefin
- polyolefin microporous
- polyethylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/26—Polyalkenes
- B01D71/261—Polyethylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/26—Polyalkenes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/26—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a solid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. leaching out
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
- B01D2325/0283—Pore size
- B01D2325/02833—Pore size more than 10 and up to 100 nm
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/04—Characteristic thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/20—Specific permeability or cut-off range
Definitions
- Liquid compositions used in semiconductor lithography processes are filtered through a liquid filter before use in order to remove minute foreign matter from the liquid composition.
- the liquid filter contains a filter medium such as a pleated dense porous membrane or a bundle of hollow fibers.
- a filter medium such as a pleated dense porous membrane or a bundle of hollow fibers.
- polyolefin microporous membranes have been known as porous membranes used as filter media for liquid filters.
- Patent documents 1 to 7 disclose liquid filter substrates made of polyolefin microporous membranes having small pores. Polyolefins do not contain halogen elements, and therefore liquid filters whose filter material is a polyolefin microporous membrane are advantageous in that there are fewer restrictions on disposal after use and that they impose a small burden on the environment.
- the filter medium of a liquid filter is washed after manufacture and before use in order to remove fine powder generated during manufacture of the liquid filter and dust particles in the air from the filter medium and to prevent these foreign substances from being mixed into the liquid to be treated by the liquid filter.
- the trace metal contained in filter material itself is dissolved and removed.
- Polyolefin microporous membrane may contain metal (calcium, zinc, etc., derived from polyolefin polymerization catalyst or additive (e.g. metal soap) after polymerization) that is brought in by polyolefin, which is raw material for production, and when filter material is washed, these metals are dissolved and removed from polyolefin microporous membrane. Since there is a concern that the metals contained in the filter material may dissolve into the liquid composition used in the lithography process when the liquid composition is filtered, thereby reducing the semiconductor manufacturing yield, it is desirable to remove the metals from the filter material before use.
- the densification of the microporous polyolefin membrane also makes it difficult to dissolve and remove metals due to the following mechanism.
- the densification of polyolefin microporous membrane is realized by using ultra-high molecular weight polyolefin as raw material.Therefore, it is considered that the molecular weight of ultra-high molecular weight polyolefin is increased as a method for making polyolefin microporous membrane more dense.However, ultra-high molecular weight polyolefin with a larger molecular weight does not melt completely during melt kneading, and may generate granular material made of polyolefin in polyolefin microporous membrane. The metal contained in raw material polyolefin remains in this granular material, and the metal inside the granular material is difficult to dissolve during cleaning of filter medium.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a substrate for liquid filters that has a relatively small pore size but is easy to clean to remove residual metals.
- ⁇ 1> A polyolefin microporous membrane having a pore size of 1 nm to 35 nm and having 0 to 2 particulates with a major axis of 1 mm or more per m2.
- Substrate for liquid filters ⁇ 2> The liquid filter substrate according to ⁇ 1>, wherein the polyolefin microporous membrane has a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- ⁇ 3> The liquid filter substrate according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, wherein the polyolefin microporous membrane has a porosity of 35% to 70%.
- ⁇ 4> The liquid filter substrate according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, wherein the polyolefin microporous membrane has a water flow rate of 0.003 L/min/ft 2 /psi to 0.180 L/min/ft 2 /psi.
- ⁇ 5> The liquid filter substrate according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, wherein the weight average molecular weight of all the polyolefins constituting the polyolefin microporous membrane is 800,000 or more.
- ⁇ 6> The liquid filter substrate according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5>, wherein the polyolefin microporous membrane is a polyethylene microporous membrane.
- a liquid filter comprising the liquid filter substrate according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 6>.
- the present disclosure provides a substrate for liquid filters that has a relatively small pore size but is easy to clean to remove residual metals.
- a numerical range indicated using “to” indicates a range that includes the numerical values before and after "to” as the minimum and maximum values, respectively.
- the upper or lower limit value described in one numerical range may be replaced with the upper or lower limit value of another numerical range described in stages.
- the upper or lower limit value of the numerical range may be replaced with a value shown in the examples.
- process includes not only independent processes, but also processes that cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes as long as the purpose of the process is achieved.
- the amount of each component in a composition when referring to the amount of each component in a composition, in cases where multiple substances corresponding to each component are present in the composition, the amount refers to the total amount of those multiple substances present in the composition, unless otherwise specified.
- the particles corresponding to each component may include multiple types. When multiple types of particles corresponding to each component are present in the composition, the particle size of each component means the value for a mixture of the multiple types of particles present in the composition, unless otherwise specified.
- MD Machine Direction
- TD Transverse Direction
- the volume of the microporous membrane or porous layer excluding the pores is referred to as the "solids volume.”
- the liquid filter substrate of the present disclosure has a microporous polyolefin membrane.
- the substrate for liquid filters of the present disclosure may be a substrate consisting of only a polyolefin microporous membrane, or a substrate in which a polyolefin microporous membrane is laminated with another porous membrane or porous layer.
- the substrate for liquid filters of the present disclosure may have one polyolefin microporous membrane, or may have two or more polyolefin microporous membranes (i.e., two or more polyolefin microporous membranes may be overlapped).
- An example of an embodiment of the liquid filter substrate of the present disclosure is a substrate consisting of only a polyolefin microporous membrane.
- An example of an embodiment of the liquid filter substrate of the present disclosure is a substrate having a single layer structure consisting of only one microporous polyolefin membrane.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane of the liquid filter substrate of the present disclosure has a pore size of 1 nm to 35 nm, and the number of particulates with a major axis of 1 mm or more is 0 to 2 per m2.
- the liquid filter substrate of the present disclosure has a pore size of 1 nm to 35 nm in the polyolefin microporous membrane, and is therefore capable of filtering out fine particles (eg, particles with a particle size of 5 nm) contained in the liquid to be treated.
- the number of particulates with a major axis of 1 mm or more present in the polyolefin microporous membrane is 0 to 2 per m2 , so that even if residual metal is contained, the residual metal can be easily removed by washing.
- the granules with a major axis of 1 mm or more present in the polyolefin microporous membrane are presumed to be polyolefin that did not completely melt during melt-kneading of the raw polyolefin.
- the granules contain metals that were contained in the raw polyolefin, and the metals inside the granules are not easily eluted during cleaning of the filter medium.
- the number of particulate matter with a major axis of 1 mm or more present in the polyolefin microporous membrane is 0 to 2 per m2 , even if the polyolefin microporous membrane contains metal, it can be easily removed by washing.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane of the liquid filter substrate of the present disclosure is described in detail below.
- a polyolefin microporous membrane refers to a membrane in which fibril-like polyolefin forms a three-dimensional network structure, has numerous internal micropores, and has a structure in which the micropores are connected, allowing gas or liquid to pass from one side to the other.
- the polyolefin preferably accounts for 90% by mass or more of the polyolefin microporous membrane, more preferably 95% by mass or more, and even more preferably 99% by mass or more.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane may contain a surfactant or the like to the extent that it does not affect the effects of the present disclosure.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane may be hydrophobic or hydrophilic. Since polyolefin is a hydrophobic resin, the polyolefin microporous membrane itself is hydrophobic.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane may be a hydrophobic polyolefin microporous membrane that has not been subjected to hydrophilic treatment, or a polyolefin microporous membrane that has been rendered hydrophilic by hydrophilic treatment.
- Examples of methods for hydrophilizing a polyolefin microporous membrane include physical hydrophilization treatments (plasma treatment, corona discharge treatment, ultraviolet irradiation, electron beam irradiation, etc.), coating with a surfactant or hydrophilic material (cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, etc.), and graft polymerization of hydrophilic monomers.
- the pore size of the microporous polyolefin membrane is 1 nm to 35 nm.
- a polyolefin microporous membrane having a pore size of 1 nm or more can provide sufficient liquid permeability.
- the pore size of the polyolefin microporous membrane is preferably 5 nm or more, more preferably 10 nm or more, even more preferably 11 nm or more, and particularly preferably 13 nm or more.
- the pore size of the polyolefin microporous membrane is 35 nm or less, fine particles (e.g., particles with a particle size of 5 nm) contained in the liquid to be treated can be filtered out.
- the pore size of the polyolefin microporous membrane is preferably 34 nm or less, more preferably 32 nm or less, even more preferably 25 nm or less, and particularly preferably 22 nm or less.
- the pore size of the polyolefin microporous membrane is a flow pore size measured by the half-dry method specified in ASTM E1294-89.
- the flow pore size is measured using a perm porometer (PMI, Capillary Flow Porometer, model: CFP-1500A) and a fluorine-based inert liquid (product name: Fluorinert, surface tension 16.0 dyn/cm) as an immersion liquid.
- the measurement temperature is 25°C, and the measurement pressure is changed in the range of 0 psi to 500 psi.
- the flow pore size is measured at a total of five points along the TD of the polyolefin microporous membrane: the center, two points 50 mm away from the center toward both ends, and two points 100 mm away from the center toward both ends, and the average value is the pore size of the polyolefin microporous membrane.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane has 2 or less particulates with a major axis of 1 mm or more per m2, preferably 1 or less per m2 , and more preferably 0 per m2 .
- the number of particulate matter having a major axis of 1 mm or more present in the polyolefin microporous membrane is determined by the following measurement method. A piece of the polyolefin microporous membrane with an area of 1 m2 is cut out. Adherents (fine powder generated during the production of the polyolefin microporous membrane, dust in the air, etc. that are not integrated with the polyolefin microporous membrane) are removed from both sides.
- a flashlight is applied to one side of the polyolefin microporous membrane, and the side that is being irradiated with the flashlight is visually viewed from directly above.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane is viewed in plan, find particles with a major axis length of 1 mm or more, and visually count the number of such particles.Since the fibers that compose the polyolefin microporous membrane are nanometer-order thick, particles with a major axis length of 1 mm or more when viewed in plan can be easily found if they exist.
- the measurement is repeated five times for an area of 1 m2 , and the five measurement values are averaged.
- the thickness of the polyolefin microporous membrane is preferably 3 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 4 ⁇ m or more, even more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, and particularly preferably 6 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness of the polyolefin microporous membrane is preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 18 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably 16 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 15 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 14 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoints of obtaining sufficient liquid permeability, relatively small filtration pressure, ability to increase the filtration area by pleating or the like, and ease of processing to increase the filtration area.
- the thickness of the polyolefin microporous membrane is determined by measuring 10 points with a contact thickness meter and averaging the results.
- the 10 measurement points are set at equal intervals along the TD from near one end to near the other end.
- the porosity of the polyolefin microporous membrane is preferably 35% or more, more preferably 38% or more, even more preferably 40% or more, and particularly preferably 42% or more, from the viewpoints of obtaining sufficient liquid permeability and relatively small filtration pressure. From the viewpoint of obtaining mechanical strength and durability, the porosity of the polyolefin microporous membrane is preferably 70% or less, more preferably 66% or less, even more preferably 60% or less, even more preferably 57% or less, and particularly preferably 55% or less.
- ds true density of the polyolefin microporous film (g/cm 3 ): set to 0.96.
- t film thickness of the polyolefin microporous film ( ⁇ m): determined as described above.
- the water flow rate of the polyolefin microporous membrane is preferably 0.003 L/min/ft 2 /psi or more, more preferably 0.004 L/min/ft 2 /psi or more, even more preferably 0.005 L/min/ft 2 /psi or more, and particularly preferably 0.013 L/min/ft 2 /psi or more.
- the water flow rate of the polyolefin microporous membrane is preferably 0.180 L/min/ ft2 /psi or less, more preferably 0.150 L/min/ ft2 /psi or less, even more preferably 0.100 L/min/ ft2 /psi or less, and particularly preferably 0.090 L/min/ ft2 /psi or less.
- the water flow rate of the polyolefin microporous membrane is determined by the following measurement method.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane is cut into 40 mm x 40 mm squares from three locations in total, the center and both ends of the TD, and then immersed in ethanol and dried at room temperature.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane is placed in a 37 mm diameter liquid permeable cell (liquid permeable area 10.75 cm 2 ), and 100 ml of pure water is passed through at a differential pressure of 90 kPa under a temperature atmosphere of room temperature 24°C, and the time Tl (min) required for the entire amount of pure water to pass through is measured.
- Vs water flow rate per unit time (min) and unit area (ft 2 ) under a differential pressure of 1 psi, unit: L/min/ft 2 /psi
- Vs water flow rate per unit time (min) and unit area (ft 2 ) under a differential pressure of 1 psi, unit: L/min/ft 2 /psi
- the heat shrinkage rate of the polyolefin microporous membrane at a temperature of 105° C. in MD is preferably 45% or less, more preferably 40% or less, and even more preferably 30% or less, from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
- the heat shrinkage rate of the polyolefin microporous membrane at a temperature of 105° C. is preferably 20% or less, more preferably 15% or less, and even more preferably 10% or less in the TD, from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
- the heat shrinkage rate of the polyolefin microporous membrane is determined by the following measurement method.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane is cut into a size of 10 cm in MD x 10 cm in TD from a total of three locations, the center and both ends, to prepare samples.
- the samples are placed in an oven with an internal temperature of 105°C for 30 minutes.
- the samples are removed from the oven and the MD and TD lengths of the samples are measured.
- the heat shrinkage rates (%) of MD and TD are calculated as follows: (length before heat treatment - length after heat treatment) ⁇ length before heat treatment x 100). Furthermore, the average value of the center and both ends of TD is calculated.
- polyolefins constituting the polyolefin microporous membrane include homopolymers of ethylene, propylene, butylene, methylpentene, etc. (i.e., polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polymethylpentene, etc.), copolymers, and mixtures thereof.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane is preferably a microporous membrane formed using two or more polyolefins that differ from each other in at least one of the following: type of monomer, degree of polymerization, degree of branching, crystallinity, stretchability, and molecular orientation.
- two or more polyolefins it becomes easier to form a network structure in the polyolefin microporous membrane through fibrillation during stretching.
- the weight average molecular weight of all the polyolefins constituting the polyolefin microporous membrane is preferably 800,000 or more, more preferably 850,000 or more, even more preferably 900,000 or more, still more preferably 950,000 or more, and particularly preferably 970,000 or more, in order to densify the polyolefin microporous membrane.
- the weight average molecular weight of the entire polyolefin constituting the polyolefin microporous membrane is preferably 3.5 million or less, more preferably 3.2 million or less, even more preferably 3.1 million or less, and particularly preferably 3 million or less, from the viewpoint of ease of uniform melting during melt-kneading.
- the weight average molecular weight of the entire polyolefin constituting the polyolefin microporous membrane is determined by heating and dissolving the polyolefin microporous membrane in o-dichlorobenzene, and measuring it by gel permeation chromatography (system: Waters Alliance GPC 2000, columns: GMH6-HT and GMH6-HTL) at a column temperature of 135°C and a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.
- Gel permeation chromatography system: Waters Alliance GPC 2000, columns: GMH6-HT and GMH6-HTL
- Molecular weight monodisperse polystyrene Tosoh Corporation is used to calibrate the molecular weight.
- the polyolefin constituting the polyolefin microporous film is preferably polyethylene. That is, the polyolefin microporous film is preferably a polyethylene microporous film.
- a polyethylene microporous film means a microporous film in which the resin that accounts for the largest proportion by mass of the total resin is polyethylene.
- polyethylene preferably accounts for 90% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more, and even more preferably 99% by mass or more of the polyethylene microporous membrane.
- the polyethylene microporous membrane may contain a surfactant or the like to the extent that it does not affect the effects of the present disclosure.
- the polyethylene microporous membrane is preferably a microporous membrane formed using two or more types of polyethylene that differ from each other in at least one of the following: degree of polymerization, degree of branching, crystallinity, stretchability, and molecular orientation.
- Examples of the polyethylene that makes up the polyethylene microporous membrane include ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, high density polyethylene, and a mixture of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and high density polyethylene.
- the polyethylene microporous membrane contains ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene having a weight-average molecular weight of 3 million to 6 million.
- the polyethylene microporous membrane preferably contains 50% by mass to 95% by mass, more preferably 60% by mass to 90% by mass, and even more preferably 70% by mass to 85% by mass of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene having a weight-average molecular weight of 3 million to 6 million.
- the polyethylene microporous membrane preferably contains an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene having a weight-average molecular weight of 3,000,000 to 6,000,000, and a high-density polyethylene having a weight-average molecular weight of 200,000 to 800,000 and a density of 0.92 g/cm 3 to 0.98 g/cm 3.
- the mass ratio of the two polyethylenes contained in the polyethylene microporous membrane is preferably 50:50 to 95:5, more preferably 60:40 to 90:10, and even more preferably 70:30 to 85:15, from the viewpoint of reducing particulate matter with a major axis of 1 mm or more contained in the polyethylene microporous membrane and from the viewpoint of producing a microporous membrane with a small pore size.
- the weight average molecular weight of the whole polyethylene constituting the polyethylene microporous membrane is preferably 800,000 or more, more preferably 850,000 or more, even more preferably 900,000 or more, still more preferably 950,000 or more, and particularly preferably 970,000 or more, from the viewpoint of densifying the polyethylene microporous membrane.
- the weight average molecular weight of the entire polyethylene constituting the polyethylene microporous membrane is preferably 3.5 million or less, more preferably 3.2 million or less, even more preferably 3.1 million or less, and particularly preferably 3 million or less, from the viewpoint of ease of uniform melting during melt-kneading.
- the calcium content in the polyolefin constituting the polyolefin microporous membrane varies depending on the raw material polyolefin, but is preferably within the following range, for example.
- the calcium content in the polyolefin is preferably 50 ppm or less, more preferably 38 ppm or less, even more preferably 35 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 34 ppm or less.
- the calcium content in the polyolefin is preferably 1000 ppb or less, more preferably 500 ppb or less, even more preferably 400 ppb or less, and particularly preferably 300 ppb or less.
- the calcium content in the polyolefin is, for example, 0 ppb or more, 10 ppb or more, 20 ppb or more, 50 ppb or more, or 100 ppb or more.
- Methods for adjusting the calcium content in the polyolefin include adjusting the amount of metal soap (such as calcium stearate) added to the polyolefin after polymerization, washing the polyolefin with an acid, and removing the polymerization catalyst remaining in the polyolefin by a deashing step.
- the calcium content of polyolefins is determined by adding ultra-high purity nitric acid to the polyolefins, decomposing them using microwaves, and using this as a sample to quantify the amount using ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, device name: Agilent 7500cs, Agilent Technologies, Inc.).
- the microporous polyolefin membrane can be produced, for example, by a production method including the following steps (1) to (6).
- Step (1) A step of preparing a polyolefin solution containing a polyolefin and a solvent.
- Step (4) A step of stretching the gel-like molding in at least one direction to obtain a polyolefin microporous membrane.
- steps (1), (2), and (4) By controlling the conditions of steps (1), (2), and (4), it is possible to suppress the generation of granular matter with a major axis of 1 mm or more (presumably unmelted raw polyolefin).
- steps (1) to (6) By controlling the conditions of steps (1) to (6), it is possible to adjust the thickness, pore size, porosity, water flow rate, etc. of the polyolefin microporous membrane.
- Step (1) is a step of preparing a polyolefin solution containing a polyolefin and a solvent.
- the polyolefin used in step (1) may be one type or two or more types.
- the polyolefin preferably contains polyethylene, and more preferably contains ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight of 3,000,000 to 6,000,000 and high density polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight of 200,000 to 800,000 and a density of 0.92 g/cm 3 to 0.98 g/cm 3 .
- Polyolefins are generally traded in the form of granular pellets or powder.
- the particle size of the powder is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of uniformly melt-kneading the polyolefin in step (2).
- the particle size is the median diameter (d50) of the volume-based particle size distribution.
- the volume-based particle size distribution is determined by dry measurement using a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (device name: Mastersizer 2000, Malvern Instruments).
- the solvent used in step (1) is not limited as long as it can swell or dissolve polyolefin.
- Solvents are broadly classified into non-volatile solvents with a boiling point of 210°C or higher at atmospheric pressure and volatile solvents with a boiling point of less than 210°C at atmospheric pressure.
- non-volatile solvents examples include liquid paraffin, paraffin oil, mineral oil, castor oil, etc.
- One type of non-volatile solvent may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- Liquid paraffin is preferred as the non-volatile solvent.
- Volatile solvents include, for example, tetralin, ethylene glycol, decalin (also known as decahydronaphthalene), toluene, xylene, diethyltriamine, ethylenediamine, dimethylsulfoxide, hexane, etc. Volatile solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Decalin or xylene is preferred as the volatile solvent.
- the solvent used in step (1) is preferably a mixed solvent of a non-volatile solvent and a volatile solvent, more preferably a mixed solvent of liquid paraffin and decalin or xylene, and even more preferably a mixed solvent of liquid paraffin and decalin.
- the mixing ratio of the non-volatile solvent to the volatile solvent is preferably 99:1 to 60:40.
- the order in which the polyolefins and the solvent are mixed is not limited. For example, either form (a) or form (b) below may be used.
- the polyolefin concentration in the polyolefin solution is preferably 10% by mass to 40% by mass, more preferably 15% by mass to 35% by mass, and even more preferably 20% by mass to 30% by mass.
- the polyolefin concentration in the polyolefin solution is 10% by mass or more, the mechanical strength of the microporous polyolefin membrane is ensured.
- the polyolefin concentration in the polyolefin solution is 40% by mass or less, pores are likely to be formed in the microporous polyolefin membrane.
- the temperature of the polyolefin solution in the most downstream region inside the barrel is preferably MP+30°C to MP+150°C, more preferably MP+40°C to MP+140°C, and even more preferably MP+50°C to MP+130°C, where MP°C is the melting point of the polyolefin (if two or more polyolefins are used, MP°C is the highest melting point among the polyolefins).
- the time required for the material to pass through the inside of the barrel is preferably 1 to 10 minutes, more preferably 1 minute 30 seconds to 8 minutes, and even more preferably 2 to 7 minutes.
- the time it takes for the material to pass through the barrel can be controlled by the screw rotation speed.
- the temperature of the molten mixture in the die is preferably MP+30°C to MP+120°C, more preferably MP+40°C to MP+110°C, and even more preferably MP+50°C to MP+100°C, where MP°C is the melting point of the polyolefin (when two or more polyolefins are used, the highest melting point among the polyolefins is taken as MP°C).
- Methods for cooling the extrudate include, for example, immersing the extrudate in water or an organic solvent, and contacting the extrudate with a cooled metal roll.
- the cooling temperature is preferably 10°C to 40°C.
- immersing the extrudate in water it is preferable to create a water flow on the surface of the water bath to prevent the solvent released from the extrudate from adhering to the extrudate.
- the step (3) is a step of squeezing the solvent out of the gel-like molding.
- the step (3) is preferably realized by applying pressure to the gel-like molded product.
- Examples of a method for applying pressure to the gel-like molded product include conveying the gel-like molded product while pressing it against a roller or a belt, and passing the gel-like molded product between a pair of rollers.
- the pressure to which the gel-like molded product is subjected is preferably 0.01 MPa to 0.5 MPa, more preferably 0.05 MPa to 0.2 MPa.
- the surface temperature of the roller or belt is preferably 40°C to 100°C.
- the temperature of the heat treatment is preferably 50° C. to 100° C.
- the heat treatment may be performed once or may be performed two or more times at different temperatures.
- the heat treatment time is preferably 5 minutes to 10 minutes per time.
- Step (4) is a step of stretching the gel-like molding in at least one direction to obtain a polyolefin microporous membrane.
- the stretching in step (4) is preferably biaxial stretching.
- the biaxial stretching may be either sequential biaxial stretching, in which longitudinal stretching and transverse stretching are performed separately, or simultaneous biaxial stretching, in which longitudinal stretching and transverse stretching are performed simultaneously.
- the biaxial stretching may be performed by stretching multiple times in the longitudinal direction and then stretching in the transverse direction, by stretching in the longitudinal direction and then stretching multiple times in the transverse direction, or by sequential biaxial stretching and then further stretching once or multiple times in the longitudinal and/or transverse directions.
- the stretching ratio (the product of the longitudinal stretching ratio and the transverse stretching ratio) is preferably 40 to 240 times, more preferably 45 to 150 times, and even more preferably 50 to 120 times, from the viewpoint of imparting a good balance between liquid permeability and microparticle collection performance to the polyolefin microporous membrane.
- the stretching temperature is preferably 80°C to 130°C, more preferably 90°C to 125°C, and even more preferably 100°C to 120°C, from the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of granular matter made of polyolefin.
- the heat setting temperature is preferably 100°C to 140°C, more preferably 105°C to 130°C, and even more preferably 110°C to 120°C.
- Step (5) is a step of washing the polyolefin microporous membrane to remove the solvent.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane is preferably washed with a solvent such as a halogenated hydrocarbon such as methylene chloride or a hydrocarbon such as hexane.
- the cleaning of the polyolefin microporous membrane is preferably carried out by immersing the polyolefin microporous membrane in a bath containing a cleaning solvent.
- a cleaning solvent in order to enhance the cleaning effect, it is preferable to divide the bath into two or more tanks and make the purity of the cleaning solvent higher in the downstream tank. This can be achieved by pouring the cleaning solvent into the most downstream tank and flowing the cleaning solvent toward the upstream.
- dividing the bath into two or more tanks it may be two tanks or three or more tanks. From the viewpoint of making the purity gradient of the cleaning solvent in each tank more gentle, three or more tanks are preferable.
- the time required for the polyolefin microporous membrane to pass through the entire bath is preferably 60 to 150 seconds, more preferably 70 to 120 seconds, and even more preferably 80 to 100 seconds.
- the drying temperature should be a temperature slightly higher than the boiling point of the cleaning solvent.
- Step (6) is a step of annealing the polyolefin microporous membrane.
- the annealing is performed, for example, by conveying the polyolefin microporous membrane on rollers having a surface temperature of 100° C. to 130° C. or through a thermostatic bath having a temperature of 100° C. to 130° C.
- polyolefin microporous membrane may be subjected to a process to give it affinity for the liquid being treated by the liquid filter.
- the liquid filter of the present disclosure is a device for removing microparticles from a liquid to be treated that contains or may contain such particles in the form of a solid or gel.
- the liquid filter of the present disclosure includes the liquid filter substrate of the present disclosure as a filter medium.
- the filter medium of a liquid filter is washed after its manufacture and before its use, but in the liquid filter substrate of the present disclosure, even if residual metals are contained, the residual metals can be easily removed by washing. Therefore, in the liquid filter of the present disclosure, if the filter medium is washed before use, there is little concern that metals will be eluted into the liquid to be treated when the liquid to be treated is filtered.
- the liquid filter of the present disclosure includes, for example, a pleated liquid filter substrate and a cylindrical housing, with the pleated liquid filter substrate housed inside the housing.
- the liquid filter of the present disclosure is, for example, a cartridge that can be attached to and detached from a filtration device.
- the liquid filter disclosed herein is suitable for removing microparticles with a particle size of about a few nanometers from the liquid being treated.
- the liquid filter disclosed herein can be used, for example, in the semiconductor manufacturing process and the display manufacturing process.
- liquid filter substrate of the present disclosure will be explained in more detail below with reference to examples.
- the materials, amounts used, ratios, processing procedures, etc. shown in the following examples can be modified as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of the liquid filter substrate of the present disclosure should not be interpreted as being limited by the specific examples shown below.
- ⁇ Measurement method and evaluation method> In all of the Examples and Comparative Examples, a polyolefin microporous membrane with a width of 270 mm was produced by winding it around a winding core with an inner diameter of 3 inches. Samples cut to appropriate dimensions from the produced polyolefin microporous membranes were subjected to physical property measurement or performance evaluation. The methods for measuring physical properties and evaluating performance were as follows.
- the calcium (Ca) content was quantified in the order of ppb or ppm by ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, device name: Agilent 7500cs, Agilent Technologies, Inc.).
- the volumetric particle size distribution of the polyolefin powder was determined by dry measurement using a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (Mastersizer 2000, Malvern Instruments), and the median diameter (d50) was taken as the particle size.
- ⁇ (%) ⁇ 1-Ws/(ds ⁇ t) ⁇ 100
- Ws basis weight of polyolefin microporous membrane (g/ m2 ): A polyolefin microporous membrane was cut into MD 10 cm x TD 10 cm pieces from a total of three locations, the center and both ends, and the mass was measured and divided by the area. The average value of the center and both ends was calculated and designated as Ws.
- ds true density of the polyolefin microporous film (g/cm 3 ): was set to 0.96.
- t film thickness of polyolefin microporous film ( ⁇ m): measured as described above.
- the flow pore size was measured at five points along the TD of the polyolefin microporous membrane: the center, two points 50 mm away from the center toward both ends, and two points 100 mm away from the center toward both ends, and the measured values were averaged.
- the flow pore size was measured as follows. Using a perm porometer (PMI, Capillary Flow Porometer, model: CFP-1500A) and a fluorine-based inert liquid (product name: Fluorinert, surface tension 16.0 dyn/cm) as the immersion liquid, the flow pore size was measured by the half-dry method specified in ASTM E1294-89.
- the measurement temperature was 25°C, and the measurement pressure was changed in the range of 0 psi to 500 psi, and the measurement was performed under the following conditions.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane was cut into 40 mm x 40 mm square pieces from a total of three locations, namely, the center and both end portions in the TD, respectively, and immersed in ethanol and dried at room temperature.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane was placed in a stainless steel liquid permeable cell having a diameter of 37 mm (liquid permeable area: 10.75 cm 2 ).
- the polyolefin microporous membrane on the liquid permeable cell was moistened with a small amount (0.5 ml) of ethanol, and then 100 ml of pure water was passed through the cell at a room temperature of 24° C.
- Vs water flow rate per unit time (min) and unit area (ft2 ) under a differential pressure of 1 psi, unit: L/min/ ft2 /psi
- Vs water flow rate per unit time (min) and unit area (ft2 ) under a differential pressure of 1 psi, unit: L/min/ ft2 /psi
- the polyolefin microporous membrane was cut into a size of 25 cm in TD x 4 m in MD (area 1 m2 ), and any attached matter (fine powder generated during the production of the polyolefin microporous membrane, dust in the air, etc. that was not integrated with the polyolefin microporous membrane) was removed from both sides.
- a flashlight product name: Cadnicalight
- Cadnicalight was irradiated from one side of the polyolefin microporous membrane, and the side irradiated with the flashlight was visually observed from directly above.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane on the liquid permeable cell was moistened with a small amount (0.5 ml) of ethanol, and then 200 ml of a gold colloid dispersion was passed through the cell at a differential pressure of 0.1 MPa.
- the metal concentration of the colloidal gold dispersion after passing through the polyolefin microporous membrane was measured and quantified by ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, device name: Agilent-ICP-OES-5100, Agilent Technologies, Inc.).
- ICP-OES inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, device name: Agilent-ICP-OES-5100, Agilent Technologies, Inc.
- a calibration curve for quantification was created using standard colloidal gold dispersions (five or more samples were prepared in the concentration range of 0 ppb to 100 ppb).
- the collection efficiency (%) ⁇ (M1 - M2) ⁇ M1 x 100 ⁇ was calculated from the initial metal concentration M1 (i.e., 40 ppb) of the colloidal gold dispersion and the metal concentration M2 of the colloidal gold dispersion after passing through the polyolefin microporous membrane. Furthermore, the average values near the center and both ends of TD were calculated and the average values were classified as follows: A: The average collection rate is 90% or more. B: The average collection rate is less than 90%, 80% or more. C: The average collection rate is less than 80%.
- Adherents fine powder generated during the production of the polyolefin microporous membrane, dust in the air, etc. that were not integrated with the polyolefin microporous membrane) were removed from both sides of the polyolefin microporous membrane.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane was cut into square pieces (10 cm x 10 cm, 40 pieces, total area 4000 cm2 ) to prepare samples.
- PGME propylene glycol monomethyl ether
- the Ca and Zn concentrations in the PGME were quantified to the order of 0.1 ppb using ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, device name: Agilent-ICP-OES-5100, Agilent Technologies, Inc.).
- ICP-OES inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, device name: Agilent-ICP-OES-5100, Agilent Technologies, Inc.
- the total amount ( ⁇ g/m 2 ) of Ca and Zn eluted from the polyolefin microporous membrane was calculated from the quantitatively determined Ca and Zn concentrations, the mass of PGME, and the sample area.
- the increase rate of elution amount (%) ⁇ (total amount eluted after 168 hours - total amount eluted after 24 hours) ⁇ total amount eluted after 24 hours ⁇ 100 ⁇ was calculated and classified as follows: A: The increase in the amount of elution is less than 5%. B: The increase in the amount of elution is 5% or more but less than 10%. C: The increase in the amount of elution is 10% or more.
- a 270 mm wide polyolefin microporous membrane was produced by winding it around a winding core with an inner diameter of 3 inches to obtain a 200 m long roll of polyolefin microporous membrane.
- the surface of the roll was irradiated with a flashlight (product name: Cadnica Light) and visually observed from a distance of 30 cm from the surface, and the number of granular objects with a major axis of 2 mm or more present around one circumference of the roll was counted.
- a roll with 4 or less granular objects was considered to be acceptable, and the number of acceptable products out of 10 rolls was classified as follows: A: 10 passed products B: 9 or 8 passed products C: 7 passed products or less
- UHMWPE ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight of 3 to 6 million
- HDPE high-density polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight of 200,000 to 800,000 and a density of 0.92 g/cm 3 to 0.98 g/cm 3 .
- Step (2)- The polyethylene solution was fed into a twin-screw kneading extruder, and pressure and heat were applied to the polyethylene solution by operating the extruder at a screw rotation speed of 300 rpm.
- the temperature inside the barrel of the twin-screw kneading extruder was adjusted so that the polyethylene solution temperature in the most downstream region was 200° C., and the polyethylene solution temperature in the die was adjusted so that it was 210° C.
- the polyethylene solution was extruded through a die into a sheet, and the extrudate was transported to a water bath at 20° C. and cooled to prepare a gel-like sheet base tape.
- Step (3) The base tape was removed from the water bath, and then transported through a space at a temperature of 60° C. for 10 minutes, and then transported through a space at a temperature of 95° C. for 10 minutes. (If decalin was used in step (1), the decalin was removed from the base tape by this transport process.) The base tape was then conveyed over a roller having a surface temperature of 90° C. while being pressed at 0.05 MPa, to remove a portion of the liquid paraffin from the base tape.
- the polyolefin microporous membrane was immersed in three separate methylene chloride baths (referred to as the first, second, and third tanks from the upstream side) for 30 seconds each, and liquid paraffin was extracted from the polyolefin microporous membrane.
- Methylene chloride was poured into the third tank, and methylene chloride was allowed to flow from the third tank to the first tank, forming a gradient in the purity of methylene chloride (first tank ⁇ second tank ⁇ third tank).
- the polyolefin microporous membrane was removed from the methylene chloride bath and transported through a space at a temperature of 40° C. to remove the methylene chloride from the polyolefin microporous membrane.
- Step (6)- The polyolefin microporous membrane was annealed by conveying it through a thermostatic chamber at 110° C. for 1 minute while keeping the TD length constant. The microporous polyolefin membrane was then transported through a space at 60° C. for 20 seconds, and then transported into a space at room temperature to be cooled.
- the obtained polyethylene microporous membrane had a three-dimensional network structure formed by fibril-like polyolefin, numerous micropores inside, and a structure in which the micropores were connected, allowing gas or liquid to pass from one side to the other.
- the properties of this polyethylene microporous membrane are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 A polyethylene microporous membrane was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that step (4) was changed as follows.
- the obtained polyethylene microporous membrane had a three-dimensional network structure formed by fibril-like polyolefin, numerous micropores inside, and a structure in which the micropores were connected, allowing gas or liquid to pass from one side to the other.
- the properties of this polyethylene microporous membrane are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 A polyethylene microporous membrane was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that step (1), step (2), and step (4) were changed as follows.
- Step (2)- The polyethylene solution was fed into a twin-screw kneading extruder, and pressure and heat were applied to the polyethylene solution by operating the extruder at a screw rotation speed of 450 rpm.
- the temperature inside the barrel of the twin-screw kneading extruder was adjusted so that the polyethylene solution temperature in the most downstream region was 180° C., and the polyethylene solution temperature at the die was adjusted so that it was 170° C.
- the polyethylene solution was extruded through a die into a sheet, and the extrudate was transported to a water bath at 20° C. and cooled to prepare a gel-like sheet base tape.
- the obtained polyethylene microporous membrane had a three-dimensional network structure formed by fibril-like polyolefin, numerous micropores inside, and a structure in which the micropores were connected, allowing gas or liquid to pass from one side to the other.
- the properties of this polyethylene microporous membrane are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 A polyethylene microporous membrane was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that step (1), step (2), and step (4) were changed as follows.
- Step (2)- The polyethylene solution was fed into a twin-screw kneading extruder, and pressure and heat were applied to the polyethylene solution by operating the extruder at a screw rotation speed of 400 rpm.
- the temperature inside the barrel of the twin-screw kneading extruder was adjusted so that the polyethylene solution temperature in the most downstream region was 190° C., and the polyethylene solution temperature at the die was adjusted to 175° C.
- the polyethylene solution was extruded through a die into a sheet, and the extrudate was transported to a water bath at 20° C. and cooled to prepare a gel-like sheet base tape.
- the obtained polyethylene microporous membrane had a three-dimensional network structure formed by fibril-like polyolefin, numerous micropores inside, and a structure in which the micropores were connected, allowing gas or liquid to pass from one side to the other.
- the properties of this polyethylene microporous membrane are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 A polyethylene microporous membrane was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that steps (1), (2), (4), and (6) were changed as follows.
- Step (2)- The polyethylene solution was fed into a twin-screw kneading extruder, and pressure and heat were applied to the polyethylene solution by operating the extruder at a screw rotation speed of 200 rpm.
- the temperature inside the barrel of the twin-screw kneading extruder was adjusted so that the polyethylene solution temperature in the most downstream region was 180° C., and the polyethylene solution temperature at the die was adjusted to 170° C.
- the polyethylene solution was extruded through a die into a sheet, and the extrudate was transported to a water bath at 20° C. and cooled to prepare a gel-like sheet base tape.
- Step (6)- The polyolefin microporous membrane was annealed by conveying it through a thermostatic bath at 105° C. for 1 minute while keeping the TD length constant. The microporous polyolefin membrane was then transported through a space at 60° C. for 20 seconds, and then transported into a space at room temperature to be cooled.
- the obtained polyethylene microporous membrane had a three-dimensional network structure formed by fibril-like polyolefin, numerous micropores inside, and a structure in which the micropores were connected, allowing gas or liquid to pass from one side to the other.
- the properties of this polyethylene microporous membrane are shown in Table 1.
- Example 6 A polyethylene microporous membrane was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that step (1) and step (4) were changed as follows.
- the obtained polyethylene microporous membrane had a three-dimensional network structure formed by fibril-like polyolefin, numerous micropores inside, and a structure in which the micropores were connected, allowing gas or liquid to pass from one side to the other.
- the properties of this polyethylene microporous membrane are shown in Table 1.
- Example 7 A polyethylene microporous membrane was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that step (1), step (4), and step (6) were changed as follows.
- Step (6)- The polyolefin microporous membrane was annealed by conveying it through a thermostatic chamber at 115° C. for 1 minute while keeping the TD length constant. The microporous polyolefin membrane was then transported through a space at 60° C. for 20 seconds, and then transported into a space at room temperature to be cooled.
- the obtained polyethylene microporous membrane had a three-dimensional network structure formed by fibril-like polyolefin, numerous micropores inside, and a structure in which the micropores were connected, allowing gas or liquid to pass from one side to the other.
- the properties of this polyethylene microporous membrane are shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 A polyethylene microporous membrane was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that step (2) and step (4) were changed as follows.
- Step (2)- The polyethylene solution was fed into a twin-screw kneading extruder, and pressure and heat were applied to the polyethylene solution by operating the extruder at a screw rotation speed of 200 rpm.
- the temperature inside the barrel of the twin-screw kneading extruder was adjusted so that the polyethylene solution temperature in the most downstream region was 160° C., and the polyethylene solution temperature at the die was adjusted so that it was 165° C.
- the polyethylene solution was extruded through a die into a sheet, and the extrudate was transported to a water bath at 20° C. and cooled to prepare a gel-like sheet base tape.
- the resulting polyethylene microporous membrane had a three-dimensional network structure of fibril-like polyolefin, numerous micropores inside, and a structure in which the micropores were connected, allowing gas or liquid to pass from one side to the other.
- the properties of this polyethylene microporous membrane are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 A polyethylene microporous membrane was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that step (2) and step (4) were changed as follows.
- Step (2)- The polyethylene solution was fed into a twin-screw kneading extruder, and pressure and heat were applied to the polyethylene solution by operating the extruder at a screw rotation speed of 400 rpm.
- the temperature inside the barrel of the twin-screw kneading extruder was adjusted so that the polyethylene solution temperature in the most downstream region was 160° C., and the polyethylene solution temperature at the die was adjusted so that it was 165° C.
- the polyethylene solution was extruded through a die into a sheet, and the extrudate was transported to a water bath at 20° C. and cooled to prepare a gel-like sheet base tape.
- the resulting polyethylene microporous membrane had a three-dimensional network structure of fibril-like polyolefin, numerous micropores inside, and a structure in which the micropores were connected, allowing gas or liquid to pass from one side to the other.
- the properties of this polyethylene microporous membrane are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 A polyethylene microporous membrane was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that step (1) and step (4) were changed as follows.
- the resulting polyethylene microporous membrane had a three-dimensional network structure of fibril-like polyolefin, numerous micropores inside, and a structure in which the micropores were connected, allowing gas or liquid to pass from one side to the other.
- the properties of this polyethylene microporous membrane are shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 A polyethylene microporous membrane was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that step (1), step (2), and step (4) were changed as follows.
- Step (2)- The polyethylene solution was fed into a twin-screw kneading extruder, and pressure and heat were applied to the polyethylene solution by operating the extruder at a screw rotation speed of 400 rpm.
- the temperature inside the barrel of the twin-screw kneading extruder was adjusted so that the polyethylene solution temperature in the most downstream region was 165° C., and the polyethylene solution temperature at the die was adjusted so that it was 160° C.
- the polyethylene solution was extruded through a die into a sheet, and the extrudate was transported to a water bath at 20° C. and cooled to prepare a gel-like sheet base tape.
- the resulting polyethylene microporous membrane had a three-dimensional network structure of fibril-like polyolefin, numerous micropores inside, and a structure in which the micropores were connected, allowing gas or liquid to pass from one side to the other.
- the properties of this polyethylene microporous membrane are shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 A polyethylene microporous membrane was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that steps (1), (2), (4), and (6) were changed as follows.
- Step (2)- The polyethylene solution was fed into a twin-screw kneading extruder, and pressure and heat were applied to the polyethylene solution by operating the extruder at a screw rotation speed of 450 rpm.
- the temperature inside the barrel of the twin-screw kneading extruder was adjusted so that the polyethylene solution temperature in the most downstream region was 160° C., and the polyethylene solution temperature at the die was adjusted so that it was 155° C.
- the polyethylene solution was extruded through a die into a sheet, and the extrudate was transported to a water bath at 20° C. and cooled to prepare a gel-like sheet base tape.
- Step (6)- The polyolefin microporous membrane was annealed by conveying it through a thermostatic bath at 100° C. for 1 minute while keeping the TD length constant. The microporous polyolefin membrane was then transported through a space at 60° C. for 20 seconds, and then transported into a space at room temperature to be cooled.
- the resulting polyethylene microporous membrane had a three-dimensional network structure of fibril-like polyolefin, numerous micropores inside, and a structure in which the micropores were connected, allowing gas or liquid to pass from one side to the other.
- the properties of this polyethylene microporous membrane are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 5 in which the pore size of the polyolefin microporous membrane is 57 nm, is inferior in the evaluation item "collection performance".
- Examples 1 to 7 in which the pore size of the polyolefin microporous membrane is 35 nm or less are excellent in the evaluation item "collection performance.” That is, the substrate for liquid filters according to the present disclosure is excellent in the performance of filtering out fine particles (e.g., particles with a particle size of 5 nm) contained in the liquid to be treated.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 4 in which the number of granular objects having a major axis of 1 mm or more was 3 or more, were inferior in the evaluation item "metal elution.”
- Examples 1 to 7 (substrates for liquid filters according to the present disclosure) in which the number of particulates with a major axis of 1 mm or more was 2 or less were excellent in the evaluation item "metal elution.” That is, the substrate for liquid filters according to the present disclosure has a relatively small pore size, but residual metals can be easily removed by washing.
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Abstract
Description
従来、液体フィルターの濾材に使用する多孔質膜として、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜が知られている。特許文献1~7には、小孔径のポリオレフィン微多孔膜からなる液体フィルター用基材が開示されている。
ポリオレフィンはハロゲン元素を含まず、したがって、濾材がポリオレフィン微多孔膜である液体フィルターは、使用後の廃棄処理に制限が少ない点および環境負荷が小さい点で有利である。
また、濾材の洗浄の際に、濾材自体に含まれていた微量な金属が溶出して除去される。ポリオレフィン微多孔膜には、製造原料であるポリオレフィンが持ち込んだ金属(カルシウム、亜鉛など。ポリオレフィンの重合触媒又は重合後の添加剤(例えば金属石鹸)に由来する。)が含まれていることがあり、濾材の洗浄の際にこれら金属がポリオレフィン微多孔膜から溶出して除去される。
濾材に含まれている金属は、リソグラフィ工程に使用される液状組成物を濾過する際に液状組成物へ溶出し、半導体の製造歩留まりを低下させる懸念があることから、使用前に濾材から除去されることが望ましい。
ただし、濾材が緻密化するほど、濾材の洗浄効率は下がる傾向がある。ポリオレフィン微多孔膜について言えば、その孔径が小さいほど、濾材の洗浄の際に、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜に含まれていた金属が溶出して除去される効率は下がる。
一般的にポリオレフィン微多孔膜の緻密化は、超高分子量ポリオレフィンを原料とすることによって実現される。したがって、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜をより緻密化する方策として、超高分子量ポリオレフィンの分子量を増大することが考えられる。しかし、分子量がより大きい超高分子量ポリオレフィンは、溶融混練の際に融けきらず、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜にポリオレフィンからなる粒状物を発生させることがある。この粒状物には原料ポリオレフィンに含まれていた金属が残留しており、しかも、粒状物内部の金属は濾材の洗浄の際に溶出しにくい。
本開示は、孔径が比較的小さいながら洗浄によって残留金属の除去が容易な液体フィルター用基材を提供することを課題とする。
<1>
孔径が1nm~35nmであり且つ長径1mm以上の粒状物の個数が1m2あたり0個~2個であるポリオレフィン微多孔膜、を有する、
液体フィルター用基材。
<2>
前記ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の膜厚が3μm~20μmである、<1>に記載の液体フィルター用基材。
<3>
前記ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の空孔率が35%~70%である、<1>又は<2>に記載の液体フィルター用基材。
<4>
前記ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の水流量が0.003L/min/ft2/psi~0.180L/min/ft2/psiである、<1>~<3>のいずれか1つに記載の液体フィルター用基材。
<5>
前記ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を構成するポリオレフィン全体の重量平均分子量が80万以上である、<1>~<4>のいずれか1つに記載の液体フィルター用基材。
<6>
前記ポリオレフィン微多孔膜がポリエチレン微多孔膜である、<1>~<5>のいずれか1つに記載の液体フィルター用基材。
<7>
<1>~<6>のいずれか1つに記載の液体フィルター用基材を備える、液体フィルター。
本開示中に段階的に記載されている数値範囲において、一つの数値範囲で記載された上限値又は下限値は、他の段階的な記載の数値範囲の上限値又は下限値に置き換えてもよい。また、本開示中に記載されている数値範囲において、その数値範囲の上限値又は下限値は、実施例に示されている値に置き換えてもよい。
本開示において各成分に該当する粒子は複数種含んでいてもよい。組成物中に各成分に該当する粒子が複数種存在する場合、各成分の粒径は、特に断らない限り、組成物中に存在する当該複数種の粒子の混合物についての値を意味する。
本開示の液体フィルター用基材は、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を有する。
本開示の液体フィルター用基材は、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜のみからなる基材であってもよく、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜と他の多孔膜又は多孔質層とが積層した基材であってもよい。本開示の液体フィルター用基材は、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を1枚有していてもよく、2枚以上有していてもよい(すなわち、2枚以上のポリオレフィン微多孔膜が重なっていてもよい)。
本開示の液体フィルター用基材の実施形態の一例は、1枚のポリオレフィン微多孔膜のみからなる単層構造の基材である。
本開示の液体フィルター用基材は、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の孔径が1nm~35nmであることによって、被処理液に含まれる微小粒子(例えば粒径5nmの粒子)を濾別することができる。
本開示の液体フィルター用基材は、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜に存在する長径1mm以上の粒状物の個数が1m2あたり0個~2個であることによって、残留金属が含まれていた場合でも洗浄によって残留金属の除去が容易である。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜に存在する長径1mm以上の粒状物の個数が1m2あたり0個~2個であれば、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜に金属が含まれていても洗浄によって除去することが容易である。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜とは、フィブリル状のポリオレフィンが三次元ネットワーク構造を形成し、内部に多数の微細孔を有し、微細孔が連結された構造となっており、一方の面から他方の面へと気体又は液体が通過可能となった膜を意味する。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜には、本開示の効果に影響を与えない範囲で、界面活性剤などが含まれていてもよい。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の孔径は、1nm~35nmである。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の孔径が1nm以上であることにより、十分な液体通過性を得ることできる。この観点から、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の孔径は、5nm以上が好ましく、10nm以上がより好ましく、11nm以上が更に好ましく、13nm以上が特に好ましい。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の孔径が35nm以下であることにより、被処理液に含まれる微小粒子(例えば粒径5nmの粒子)を濾別することができる。この観点から、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の孔径は、34nm以下が好ましく、32nm以下がより好ましく、25nm以下が更に好ましく、22nm以下が特に好ましい。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜のTDに沿って、中心と、中心から両端部に向かって50mm離れた2点と、中心から両端部に向かって100mm離れた2点との合計5点において流量孔径を測定し、その平均値をポリオレフィン微多孔膜の孔径とする。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜は、洗浄によって残留金属の除去が容易である観点から、長径1mm以上の粒状物の個数が1m2あたり2個以下であり、1m2あたり1個以下が好ましく、1m2あたり0個がより好ましい。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を、面積1m2分、切り出す。両面から付着物(ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の製造中に発生した微粉及び空気中のちり等であって、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜と一体化していない物)を取り除く。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の一方の面からフラッシュライトを照射し、フラッシュライトを照射している面を真上から目視で平面視する。ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を平面視したときの長軸長さが1mm以上の粒状物を見出し、その個数を目視で数える。ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を構成する繊維は太さがナノメートルオーダーであるので、平面視したときの長軸長さが1mm以上の粒状物は、存在していれば容易に見出される。
面積1m2分の計測を5回繰り返し、5回の計測値を平均する。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の膜厚は、力学的強度及び耐久性を得る観点から、3μm以上が好ましく、4μm以上がより好ましく、5μm以上が更に好ましく、6μm以上が特に好ましい。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の膜厚は、十分な液体通過性を得る観点、濾過圧力が比較的小さい観点、プリーツ加工等をして濾過面積を増大できる観点、濾過面積を大きくする加工が容易である観点などから、20μm以下が好ましく、18μm以下がより好ましく、16μm以下が更に好ましく、15μm以下がより更に好ましく、14μm以下が特に好ましい。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の空孔率は、十分な液体通過性を得る観点、濾過圧力が比較的小さい観点などから、35%以上が好ましく、38%以上がより好ましく、40%以上が更に好ましく、42%以上が特に好ましい。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の空孔率は、力学的強度及び耐久性を得る観点から、70%以下が好ましく、66%以下がより好ましく、60%以下が更に好ましく、57%以下がより更に好ましく、55%以下が特に好ましい。
ε(%)={1-Ws/(ds・t)}×100
Ws:ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の目付け(g/m2):ポリオレフィン微多孔膜をTDの中央部及び両端部近傍の合計3か所からそれぞれ、MD10cm×TD10cmの大きさに切り出し、その質量を測定し、質量を面積で除算する。さらに、TDの中央部及び両端部近傍の平均値を算出し、これをWsとする。
ds:ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の真密度(g/cm3):0.96とする。
t:ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の膜厚(μm):先述のとおり求める。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の水流量は、長期にわたって十分な液体通過性を得る観点から、0.003L/min/ft2/psi以上が好ましく、0.004L/min/ft2/psi以上がより好ましく、0.005L/min/ft2/psi以上が更に好ましく、0.013L/min/ft2/psi以上が特に好ましい。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の水流量は、微小粒子(例えば粒径5nmの粒子)の捕集性能を得る観点から、0.180L/min/ft2/psi以下が好ましく、0.150L/min/ft2/psi以下がより好ましく、0.100L/min/ft2/psi以下が更に好ましく、0.090L/min/ft2/psi以下が特に好ましい。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を、TDの中央部及び両端部近傍の合計3か所からそれぞれ、40mm×40mmの正方形に切り出し、エタノールに浸漬し、室温下で乾燥させる。ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を直径37mmの透液セル(透液面積10.75cm2)に設置し、室温24℃の温度雰囲気下、差圧90kPaで純水100mlを通過させ、純水全量が通過に要した時間Tl(min)を計測する。純水の液量V(100ml)と時間Tl(min)と透液面積S(10.75cm2)とから、以下の式によって、水流量Vs(1psi差圧下における単位時間(min)・単位面積(ft2)あたりの水流量であり、単位:L/min/ft2/psi)を計算する。さらに、TDの中央部及び両端部近傍の平均値を算出する。
Vs=(V/1000)/Tl/(S/929.03)/(90/6.895)
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の温度105℃における熱収縮率は、耐熱性の観点から、MDにおいて、45%以下が好ましく、40%以下がより好ましく、30%以下が更に好ましい。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の温度105℃における熱収縮率は、耐熱性の観点から、TDにおいて、20%以下が好ましく、15%以下がより好ましく、10%以下が更に好ましい。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を、TDの中央部及び両端部近傍の合計3か所からそれぞれ、MD10cm×TD10cmの大きさに切り出し、試料とする。試料を、庫内温度を105℃に保ったオーブンの中に30分間置く。オーブンから試料を取り出し、試料のMD長さ及びTD長さを測定する。MD及びTDそれぞれの熱収縮率(%)={(熱処理前の長さ-熱処理後の長さ)÷熱処理前の長さ×100}を算出する。さらに、TDの中央部及び両端部近傍の平均値を算出する。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を構成するポリオレフィンとして、例えば、エチレン、プロピレン、ブチレン、メチルペンテン等の単独重合体(すなわち、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリブチレン、ポリメチルペンテン等)又は共重合体、これらの混合物が挙げられる。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を構成するポリオレフィン全体の重量平均分子量は、溶融混練の際に均一に溶融しやすい観点から、350万以下が好ましく、320万以下がより好ましく、310万以下が更に好ましく、300万以下が特に好ましい。
ポリエチレン微多孔膜には、本開示の効果に影響を与えない範囲で、界面活性剤などが含まれていてもよい。
ポリエチレン微多孔膜を構成するポリエチレン全体の重量平均分子量は、溶融混練の際に均一に溶融しやすい観点から、350万以下が好ましく、320万以下がより好ましく、310万以下が更に好ましく、300万以下が特に好ましい。
実施形態の一例においてポリオレフィンに含まれるカルシウム含有量は、50ppm以下が好ましく、38ppm以下がより好ましく、35ppm以下が更に好ましく、34ppm以下が特に好ましい。
実施形態の一例においてポリオレフィンに含まれるカルシウム含有量は、1000ppb以下が好ましく、500ppb以下がより好ましく、400ppb以下が更に好ましく、300ppb以下が特に好ましい。
ポリオレフィンに含まれるカルシウム含有量は、例えば、0ppb以上、10ppb以上、20ppb以上、50ppb以上、又は100ppb以上である。
ポリオレフィンに含まれるカルシウム含有量を調整する方法として、重合後のポリオレフィンに添加する金属石鹸(ステアリン酸カルシウム等)の量を調整すること、ポリオレフィンを酸洗浄すること、ポリオレフィンに残存する重合触媒を脱灰工程により除去することが挙げられる。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜は、例えば、下記の工程(1)~工程(6)を含む製造方法で製造することができる。
工程(2):ポリオレフィン溶液を溶融混練し、溶融混練物をダイから押し出し、押出物を冷却し固化して、ゲル状成形物を得る工程。
工程(3):ゲル状成形物から溶剤を絞り出す工程。
工程(4):ゲル状成形物を少なくとも一方向に延伸してポリオレフィン微多孔膜を得る工程。
工程(5):ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を洗浄して溶剤を除去する工程。
工程(6):ポリオレフィン微多孔膜にアニール処理をする工程。
工程(1)は、ポリオレフィンと溶剤とを含むポリオレフィン溶液を調製する工程である。
上記の粒径は、体積基準の粒度分布のメディアン径(d50)である。体積基準の粒度分布は、レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(装置名:マスターサイザー2000、マルバーン社)を用いて乾式測定により求める。
不揮発性溶剤と揮発性溶剤の混合比(質量比、不揮発性溶剤:揮発性溶剤)は、99:1~60:40が好ましい。
本形態において各ポリオレフィンは、全量を1回で溶剤に添加してもよく、複数回に分けて溶剤に添加してもよい。比較的分子量の大きいポリオレフィンは、複数回に分けて溶剤に添加することが好ましい。2種以上のポリオレフィンを交互に溶剤に添加してもよい。
本形態においてポリオレフィン組成物は、全量を1回で溶剤に添加してもよく、複数回に分けて溶剤に添加してもよい。
ポリオレフィン溶液のポリオレフィン濃度が10質量%以上であると、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の力学的強度が担保される。
ポリオレフィン溶液のポリオレフィン濃度が40質量%以下であると、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜に空孔が形成されやすい。
工程(2)は、ポリオレフィン溶液を溶融混練し、溶融混練物をダイから押し出し、押出物を冷却し固化して、ゲル状成形物を得る工程である。ゲル状成形物は、シート状に形成することが好ましい。
工程(3)は、ゲル状成形物から溶剤を絞り出す工程である。
工程(3)は、ゲル状成形物に圧力を印加することによって実現することが好ましい。ゲル状成形物に圧力を印加する方法として、例えば、ローラー又はベルトにゲル状成形物を押し付けながら搬送すること、1対のローラー間にゲル状成形物を通過させることが挙げられる。ゲル状成形物が受ける圧力は、0.01MPa~0.5MPaが好ましく、0.05MPa~0.2MPaがより好ましい。ローラー又はベルトの表面温度は40℃~100℃であることが好ましい。
上記の加熱処理を予め行うことによって、工程(3)の搬送路を短くしたり、工程(3)の条件(圧力及び/又は温度)を穏やかにしたりできる。
工程(4)は、ゲル状成形物を少なくとも一方向に延伸してポリオレフィン微多孔膜を得る工程である。
工程(5)は、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を洗浄して溶剤を除去する工程である。工程(5)は、塩化メチレン等のハロゲン化炭化水素、ヘキサン等の炭化水素などの溶剤でポリオレフィン微多孔膜を洗浄することが好ましい。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜が浴槽全部の通過に要する時間は、60秒~150秒が好ましく、70秒~120秒がより好ましく、80秒~100秒が更に好ましい。
工程(6)は、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜にアニール処理をする工程である。アニール処理は、例えば、表面温度100℃~130℃のローラー上を、又は、温度100℃~130℃の恒温槽を、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を搬送することで行う。アニール処理の間、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の幅方向の収縮を抑制する目的で、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の幅方向を固定する操作を行うことが好ましい。
本開示の液体フィルターは、微小粒子を含む又は含んでいる可能性がある被処理液から、当該粒子を除去するための器具である。当該粒子は、固体状又はゲル状の形態で被処理液に含まれる。
液体フィルターは一般的に、その製造後かつ使用前に濾材が洗浄されるところ、本開示の液体フィルター用基材は、残留金属が含まれていた場合でも、洗浄によって残留金属の除去が容易である。したがって、本開示の液体フィルターは、使用前に濾材を洗浄しておけば、被処理液を濾過する際に被処理液に金属を溶出する懸念が少ない。
実施例及び比較例はすべて、幅270mmのポリオレフィン微多孔膜を内径3インチの巻取コアに巻回しながら製造した。製造したポリオレフィン微多孔膜から適切な寸法に切り出した試料を、物性測定又は性能評価に供した。物性の測定方法及び性能の評価方法は以下のとおりである。
ポリオレフィン0.1gをフッ素樹脂製容器に精秤し、超高純度硝酸を添加してマイクロウェーブ分解した。ICP-MS(誘導結合プラズマ質量分析、装置名:Aglient7500cs、アジレント・テクノロジー株式会社)により、カルシウム(Ca)含有量をppbまたはppmの桁で定量した。
レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置(装置名:マスターサイザー2000、マルバーン社)を用いた乾式測定により、ポリオレフィン粉体の体積基準の粒度分布を求め、メディアン径(d50)を粒径とした。
接触式膜厚計(株式会社ミツトヨ)と底面直径0.5cmの円柱状接触端子を用い、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜のTDに26mm間隔で10点の膜厚(μm)を測定し、測定値を平均した。接触端子の測定圧は0.1Nとした。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の空孔率(ε)を下記の式から求めた。
ε(%)={1-Ws/(ds・t)}×100
Ws:ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の目付け(g/m2):ポリオレフィン微多孔膜をTDの中央部及び両端部近傍の合計3か所からそれぞれ、MD10cm×TD10cmの大きさに切り出し、その質量を測定し、質量を面積で除算した。さらに、TDの中央部及び両端部近傍の平均値を算出し、これをWsとした。
ds:ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の真密度(g/cm3):0.96とした。
t:ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の膜厚(μm):先述のとおり測定し求めた。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜のTDに沿って、中心と、中心から両端部に向かって50mm離れた2点と、中心から両端部に向かって100mm離れた2点との合計5点において、流量孔径を測定し、測定値を平均した。流量孔径は下記のとおり測定した。
パームポロメータ(PMI社、Capillary Flow Porometer、型式:CFP-1500A)と、浸液にフッ素系不活性液体(商品名:フロリナート、表面張力16.0dyn/cm)を用いて、ASTM E1294-89に規定するハーフドライ法によって流量孔径を測定した。測定温度は25℃であり、測定圧力は0psi~500psiの範囲で変化させ、以下の条件で測定を実施した。
・バブルポイントパラメータ:BUBLFLOW = 50, F/PT = 100, MINBPPRES = 0, ZEROTIME = 1, PULSEDELAY = 2
・ウェットパラメータ:V2INCR = 15, PREGINC = 0.9, MINEQTIME = 30, PRESSLEW = 30, FLOWSLEW = 30, EQITER = 50, AVEITER = 10, MAXPDIF = 1, MAXFDIF = 30
・ドライパラメータ:V2INCR = 40, PREGINC = 2.4, MINEQTIME = 30, PRESSLEW = 30, FLOWSLEW = 30, EQITER = 40, AVEITER = 10, MAXPDIF = 1, MAXFDIF = 30
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を、TDの中央部及び両端部近傍の合計3か所からそれぞれ、40mm×40mmの正方形に切り出し、エタノールに浸漬し、室温下で乾燥した。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を直径37mmのステンレス製透液セル(透液面積10.75cm2)に設置した。透液セル上のポリオレフィン微多孔膜を少量(0.5ml)のエタノールで湿潤させた後、室温24℃の温度雰囲気下、差圧90kPaで純水100mlを通過させ、純水全量が通過に要した時間Tl(min)を計測した。
純水の液量V(100ml)と時間Tl(min)と透液面積S(10.75cm2)とから、以下の式によって、水流量Vs(1psi差圧下における単位時間(min)・単位面積(ft2)あたりの水流量であり、単位:L/min/ft2/psi)を計算し、さらに、TDの中央部及び両端部近傍の平均値を算出した。
Vs=(V/1000)/Tl/(S/929.03)/(90/6.895)
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜をo-ジクロロベンゼン中に加熱溶解し、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(システム:Waters社製 Alliance GPC 2000型、カラム:GMH6-HT及びGMH6-HTL)により、カラム温度135℃、流速1.0mL/分の条件にて分子量を測定した。分子量の校正には分子量単分散ポリスチレン(東ソー株式会社)を用いた。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜をTD25cm×MD4m(面積1m2)に切り出し、両面から付着物(ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の製造中に発生した微粉及び空気中のちり等であって、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜と一体化していない物)を取り除いた。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の一方の面からフラッシュライト(商品名:カドニカライト)を照射し、フラッシュライトを照射している面を真上から目視で平面視した。ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を平面視したときの長軸長さが1mm以上の粒状物を見出し、その個数を目視で数えた。面積1m2分の計測を5回繰り返し、5回の計測値を平均した。
粒径5nmの金コロイド(フナコシ株式会社、粒径幅4.5~6.0nm)を水に分散させ、金コロイド濃度40ppbの分散液を調製した。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を、TDの中央部及び両端部近傍の合計3か所からそれぞれ、50mm×50mmの正方形に切り出し、エタノールに浸漬し、室温下で乾燥した。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を直径37mmのステンレス製透液セル(透液面積10.75cm2)に設置した。透液セル上のポリオレフィン微多孔膜を少量(0.5ml)のエタノールで湿潤させた後、差圧0.1MPaで金コロイド分散液200mlを通液させた。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を通過した後の金コロイド分散液の金属濃度を、ICP-OES法(高周波誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析法、装置名:Agilent-ICP-OES-5100、アジレント・テクノロジー株式会社)にて測定し、定量した。定量のための検量線は、金コロイドの標準分散液(濃度範囲0ppb~100ppbにおいて5試料以上用意する。)によって作成した。
金コロイド分散液の初期金属濃度M1(すなわち40ppb)と、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を通過した後の金コロイド分散液の金属濃度M2とから捕集率(%)={(M1-M2)÷M1×100}を算出し、さらに、TDの中央部及び両端部近傍の平均値を算出し、平均値を下記のとおり分類した。
A:捕集率の平均値が90%以上
B:捕集率の平均値が90%未満、80%以上
C:捕集率の平均値が80%未満
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の両面から付着物(ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の製造中に発生した微粉及び空気中のちり等であって、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜と一体化していない物)を取り除いた。ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を正方形の断片(10cm×10cm、40枚、合計面積4000cm2)に切り、これを試料とした。
試料をフッ素樹脂製容器に入れ、塩酸抽出液(水:イソプロピルアルコール=40:60(質量比)の混合溶液に塩酸を10質量%濃度で含む液体)を200g注ぎ、試料を塩酸抽出液に浸漬させた。24時間後、試料を取り出し乾燥させた。
乾燥後の試料を別のフッ素樹脂製容器に入れ、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME)を200g注ぎ、試料をPGMEに浸漬させた。
24時間経過時と168時間経過時に、PGME中のCa濃度とZn濃度をICP-OES法(高周波誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析法、装置名:Agilent-ICP-OES-5100、アジレント・テクノロジー株式会社)にて0.1ppbの桁まで定量した。
定量したCa濃度及びZn濃度とPGMEの質量と試料面積とから、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜から溶出したCa及びZnの合計溶出量(μg/m2)を算出した。溶出量の増加率(%)={(168時間経過時の合計溶出量-24時間経過時の合計溶出量)÷24時間経過時の合計溶出量×100}を算出し、下記のとおり分類した。
A:溶出量の増加率が5%未満
B:溶出量の増加率が5%以上、10%未満
C:溶出量の増加率が10%以上
幅270mmのポリオレフィン微多孔膜を内径3インチの巻取コアに巻回しながら製造し、長さ200mのポリオレフィン微多孔膜のロールを得た。ロールの表面をフラッシュライト(商品名:カドニカライト)で照射し、表面から30cmの距離から目視で観察し、ロール1周に存在する長径2mm以上の粒状物の個数を数えた。粒状物が4個以下であるロールを合格品とし、ロール10本中の合格品の本数を下記のとおり分類した。
A:合格品が10本
B:合格品が9本又は8本
C:合格品が7本以下
以下、「UHMWPE」とは、重量平均分子量300万~600万の超高分子量ポリエチレンを意味し、「HDPE」とは、重量平均分子量20万~80万且つ密度0.92g/cm3~0.98g/cm3の高密度ポリエチレンを意味する。
-工程(1)-
・Mw460万且つCa含有量140ppbのUHMWPE:22質量部
(UHMWPEの粉体の粒径60μm)
・Mw50万且つCa含有量230ppbのHDPE : 5質量部
(HDPEの粉体の粒径250μm)
・流動パラフィン :73質量部
上記の材料を用意した。流動パラフィンにUHMWPEを11質量部添加し、攪拌混合した。次いでHDPEを全量添加し、攪拌混合した。次いでUHMWPEを11質量部添加し、攪拌混合した。こうして、ポリエチレン濃度27質量%のポリエチレン溶液を調製した。UHMWPEとHDPEの混合物中のCa含有量は157ppbであった。
ポリエチレン溶液を二軸混練押出機に投入し、スクリュー回転数300rpmで運転してポリエチレン溶液に圧力及び熱を印加した。二軸混練押出機のバレル内部の温度を、最下流域におけるポリエチレン溶液温度が200℃になるように調整し、ダイにおけるポリエチレン溶液温度が210℃になるように調整した。
ポリエチレン溶液をダイからシート状に押し出し、押出物を水温20℃の水浴に搬送して冷却し、ゲル状シートであるベーステープを作製した。
ベーステープを水浴から引き上げ、温度60℃の空間を10分間かけて搬送し、次いで温度95℃の空間を10分間かけて搬送した。(工程(1)においてデカリンを使用した場合、この搬送処理によってベーステープからデカリンが除去される。)
次いでベーステープを、表面温度90℃のローラー上を0.05MPaの押圧を掛けながら搬送し、ベーステープから流動パラフィンの一部を除去した。
ベーステープを、温度110℃でMDに倍率7倍で延伸し(縦延伸)、続いて温度115℃でTDに倍率21倍で延伸し(横延伸)、続いて直ちに温度120℃で熱固定を行い、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を得た。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を、3槽に分かれた塩化メチレン浴(上流から順に第1槽、第2槽、第3槽という。)にそれぞれ30秒間ずつ連続して浸漬させ、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜から流動パラフィンを抽出した。第3槽に塩化メチレンを注ぎ入れ、第3槽から第1槽に向かって塩化メチレンを流すことによって、塩化メチレンの純度に勾配(第1槽<第2槽<第3槽)を形成した。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を塩化メチレン浴から引き上げ、温度40℃の空間を搬送し、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜から塩化メチレンを除去した。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を、TD長さを一定に保ちながら、温度110℃の恒温槽を1分間かけて搬送することでアニール処理を行った。
次いでポリオレフィン微多孔膜を、温度60℃の空間を20秒間かけて搬送し、次いで室温の空間に搬送し、冷却した。
実施例1と同様にして、ただし、工程(4)を下記のとおりに変更して、ポリエチレン微多孔膜を製造した。
ベーステープを、温度115℃でMDに倍率9倍で延伸し(縦延伸)、続いて温度115℃でTDに倍率26倍で延伸し(横延伸)、続いて直ちに温度120℃で熱固定を行い、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を得た。
実施例1と同様にして、ただし、工程(1)、工程(2)及び工程(4)を下記のとおりに変更して、ポリエチレン微多孔膜を製造した。
・Mw460万且つCa含有量140ppbのUHMWPE:18質量部
(UHMWPEの粉体の粒径60μm)
・Mw50万且つCa含有量230ppbのHDPE : 5質量部
(HDPEの粉体の粒径250μm)
・流動パラフィン :76質量部
・デカリン : 1質量部
上記の材料を用意した。流動パラフィンとデカリンを混合し、混合溶剤を調製した。混合溶剤にUHMWPEを9質量部添加し、攪拌混合した。次いでHDPEを全量添加し、攪拌混合した。次いでUHMWPEを9質量部添加し、攪拌混合した。こうして、ポリエチレン濃度23質量%のポリエチレン溶液を調製した。UHMWPEとHDPEの混合物中のCa含有量は160ppbであった。
ポリエチレン溶液を二軸混練押出機に投入し、スクリュー回転数450rpmで運転してポリエチレン溶液に圧力及び熱を印加した。二軸混練押出機のバレル内部の温度を、最下流域におけるポリエチレン溶液温度が180℃になるように調整し、ダイにおけるポリエチレン溶液温度が170℃になるように調整した。
ポリエチレン溶液をダイからシート状に押し出し、押出物を水温20℃の水浴に搬送して冷却し、ゲル状シートであるベーステープを作製した。
ベーステープを、温度115℃でMDに倍率5倍で延伸し(縦延伸)、続いて温度105℃でTDに倍率15倍で延伸し(横延伸)、続いて直ちに温度115℃で熱固定を行い、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を得た。
実施例1と同様にして、ただし、工程(1)、工程(2)及び工程(4)を下記のとおりに変更して、ポリエチレン微多孔膜を製造した。
・Mw460万且つCa含有量140ppbのUHMWPE:12質量部
(UHMWPEの粉体の粒径60μm)
・Mw50万且つCa含有量230ppbのHDPE : 5質量部
(HDPEの粉体の粒径250μm)
・流動パラフィン :53質量部
・デカリン :30質量部
上記の材料を用意した。流動パラフィンとデカリンを混合し、混合溶剤を調製した。混合溶剤にUHMWPEを6質量部添加し、攪拌混合した。次いでHDPEを全量添加し、攪拌混合した。次いでUHMWPEを6質量部添加し、攪拌混合した。こうして、ポリエチレン濃度17質量%のポリエチレン溶液を調製した。UHMWPEとHDPEの混合物中のCa含有量は166ppbであった。
ポリエチレン溶液を二軸混練押出機に投入し、スクリュー回転数400rpmで運転してポリエチレン溶液に圧力及び熱を印加した。二軸混練押出機のバレル内部の温度を、最下流域におけるポリエチレン溶液温度が190℃になるように調整し、ダイにおけるポリエチレン溶液温度が175℃になるように調整した。
ポリエチレン溶液をダイからシート状に押し出し、押出物を水温20℃の水浴に搬送して冷却し、ゲル状シートであるベーステープを作製した。
ベーステープを、温度90℃でMDに倍率10倍で延伸し(縦延伸)、続いて温度105℃でTDに倍率10倍で延伸し(横延伸)、続いて直ちに温度130℃で熱固定を行い、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を得た。
実施例1と同様にして、ただし、工程(1)、工程(2)、工程(4)及び工程(6)を下記のとおりに変更して、ポリエチレン微多孔膜を製造した。
・Mw420万且つCa含有量31ppmのUHMWPE: 6質量部
(UHMWPEの粉体の粒径30μm)
・Mw40万且つCa含有量34ppmのHDPE :24質量部
(HDPEの粉体の粒径20μm)
・流動パラフィン :67質量部
・デカリン : 3質量部
上記の材料を用意した。流動パラフィンとデカリンを混合し、混合溶剤を調製した。混合溶剤にUHMWPEを全量添加し、攪拌混合した。次いでHDPEを全量添加し、攪拌混合した。こうして、ポリエチレン濃度30質量%のポリエチレン溶液を調製した。UHMWPEとHDPEの混合物中のCa含有量は33.4ppmであった。
ポリエチレン溶液を二軸混練押出機に投入し、スクリュー回転数200rpmで運転してポリエチレン溶液に圧力及び熱を印加した。二軸混練押出機のバレル内部の温度を、最下流域におけるポリエチレン溶液温度が180℃になるように調整し、ダイにおけるポリエチレン溶液温度が170℃になるように調整した。
ポリエチレン溶液をダイからシート状に押し出し、押出物を水温20℃の水浴に搬送して冷却し、ゲル状シートであるベーステープを作製した。
ベーステープを、温度90℃でMDに倍率5倍で延伸し(縦延伸)、続いて温度110℃でTDに倍率15倍で延伸し(横延伸)、続いて直ちに温度120℃で熱固定を行い、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を得た。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を、TD長さを一定に保ちながら、温度105℃の恒温槽を1分間かけて搬送することでアニール処理を行った。
次いでポリオレフィン微多孔膜を、温度60℃の空間を20秒間かけて搬送し、次いで室温の空間に搬送し、冷却した。
実施例1と同様にして、ただし、工程(1)及び工程(4)を下記のとおりに変更して、ポリエチレン微多孔膜を製造した。
・Mw420万且つCa含有量31ppmのUHMWPE: 5質量部
(UHMWPEの粉体の粒径30μm)
・Mw40万且つCa含有量34ppmのHDPE :25質量部
(HDPEの粉体の粒径20μm)
・流動パラフィン :70質量部
上記の材料を用意した。流動パラフィンに12質量部のHDPEを添加し、攪拌混合した。次いでUHMWPEを全量添加し、攪拌混合した。次いでHDPEを13質量部添加し、攪拌混合した。こうして、ポリエチレン濃度30質量%のポリエチレン溶液を調製した。UHMWPEとHDPEの混合物中のCa含有量は33.5ppmであった。
ベーステープを、温度90℃でMDに倍率5倍で延伸し(縦延伸)、続いて温度115℃でTDに倍率13倍で延伸し(横延伸)、続いて直ちに温度125℃で熱固定を行い、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を得た。
実施例1と同様にして、ただし、工程(1)、工程(4)及び工程(6)を下記のとおりに変更して、ポリエチレン微多孔膜を製造した。
・Mw460万且つCa含有量140ppbのUHMWPE: 4質量部
(UHMWPEの粉体の粒径60μm)
・Mw50万且つCa含有量230ppbのHDPE :16質量部
(HDPEの粉体の粒径250μm)
・流動パラフィン :80質量部
上記の材料を用意した。流動パラフィンにUHMWPEを全量添加し、攪拌混合した。次いでHDPEを全量添加し、攪拌混合した。こうして、ポリエチレン濃度20質量%のポリエチレン溶液を調製した。UHMWPEとHDPEの混合物中のCa含有量は212ppbであった。
ベーステープを、温度110℃でMDに倍率6倍で延伸し(縦延伸)、続いて温度115℃でTDに倍率20倍で延伸し(横延伸)、続いて直ちに温度122℃で熱固定を行い、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を得た。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を、TD長さを一定に保ちながら、温度115℃の恒温槽を1分間かけて搬送することでアニール処理を行った。
次いでポリオレフィン微多孔膜を、温度60℃の空間を20秒間かけて搬送し、次いで室温の空間に搬送し、冷却した。
実施例1と同様にして、ただし、工程(2)及び工程(4)を下記のとおりに変更して、ポリエチレン微多孔膜を製造した。
ポリエチレン溶液を二軸混練押出機に投入し、スクリュー回転数200rpmで運転してポリエチレン溶液に圧力及び熱を印加した。二軸混練押出機のバレル内部の温度を、最下流域におけるポリエチレン溶液温度が160℃になるように調整し、ダイにおけるポリエチレン溶液温度が165℃になるように調整した。
ポリエチレン溶液をダイからシート状に押し出し、押出物を水温20℃の水浴に搬送して冷却し、ゲル状シートであるベーステープを作製した。
ベーステープを、温度100℃でMDに倍率9倍で延伸し(縦延伸)、続いて温度105℃でTDに倍率25倍で延伸し(横延伸)、続いて直ちに温度105℃で熱固定を行い、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を得た。
実施例1と同様にして、ただし、工程(2)及び工程(4)を下記のとおりに変更して、ポリエチレン微多孔膜を製造した。
ポリエチレン溶液を二軸混練押出機に投入し、スクリュー回転数400rpmで運転してポリエチレン溶液に圧力及び熱を印加した。二軸混練押出機のバレル内部の温度を、最下流域におけるポリエチレン溶液温度が160℃になるように調整し、ダイにおけるポリエチレン溶液温度が165℃になるように調整した。
ポリエチレン溶液をダイからシート状に押し出し、押出物を水温20℃の水浴に搬送して冷却し、ゲル状シートであるベーステープを作製した。
ベーステープを、温度100℃でMDに倍率9倍で延伸し(縦延伸)、続いて温度115℃でTDに倍率25倍で延伸し(横延伸)、続いて直ちに温度100℃で熱固定を行い、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を得た。
実施例1と同様にして、ただし、工程(1)及び工程(4)を下記のとおりに変更して、ポリエチレン微多孔膜を製造した。
・Mw460万且つCa含有量140ppbのUHMWPE:27質量部
(UHMWPEの粉体の粒径60μm)
・Mw50万且つCa含有量230ppbのHDPE : 2質量部
(HDPEの粉体の粒径250μm)
・流動パラフィン :70質量部
・デカリン : 1質量部
上記の材料を用意した。流動パラフィンとデカリンを混合し、混合溶剤を調製した。混合溶剤にUHMWPEを全量添加し、攪拌混合した。次いでHDPEを全量添加し、攪拌混合した。こうして、ポリエチレン濃度29質量%のポリエチレン溶液を調製した。UHMWPEとHDPEの混合物中のCa含有量は146.2ppbであった。
ベーステープを、温度105℃でMDに倍率9倍で延伸し(縦延伸)、続いて温度105℃でTDに倍率25倍で延伸し(横延伸)、続いて直ちに温度108℃で熱固定を行い、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を得た。
実施例1と同様にして、ただし、工程(1)、工程(2)及び工程(4)を下記のとおりに変更して、ポリエチレン微多孔膜を製造した。
・Mw420万且つCa含有量31ppmのUHMWPE: 8質量部
(UHMWPEの粉体の粒径30μm)
・Mw40万且つCa含有量34ppmのHDPE :20質量部
(HDPEの粉体の粒径20μm)
・流動パラフィン :70質量部
・デカリン : 2質量部
上記の材料を用意した。流動パラフィンとデカリンを混合し、混合溶剤を調製した。混合溶剤にUHMWPEを全量添加し、攪拌混合した。次いでHDPEを全量添加し、攪拌混合した。こうして、ポリエチレン濃度28質量%のポリエチレン溶液を調製した。UHMWPEとHDPEの混合物中のCa含有量は33.1ppmであった。
ポリエチレン溶液を二軸混練押出機に投入し、スクリュー回転数400rpmで運転してポリエチレン溶液に圧力及び熱を印加した。二軸混練押出機のバレル内部の温度を、最下流域におけるポリエチレン溶液温度が165℃になるように調整し、ダイにおけるポリエチレン溶液温度が160℃になるように調整した。
ポリエチレン溶液をダイからシート状に押し出し、押出物を水温20℃の水浴に搬送して冷却し、ゲル状シートであるベーステープを作製した。
ベーステープを、温度90℃でMDに倍率7倍で延伸し(縦延伸)、続いて温度115℃でTDに倍率16倍で延伸し(横延伸)、続いて直ちに温度128℃で熱固定を行い、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を得た。
実施例1と同様にして、ただし、工程(1)、工程(2)、工程(4)及び工程(6)を下記のとおりに変更して、ポリエチレン微多孔膜を製造した。
・Mw460万且つCa含有量140ppbのUHMWPE: 3質量部
(UHMWPEの粉体の粒径60μm)
・Mw50万且つCa含有量230ppbのHDPE :14質量部
(HDPEの粉体の粒径250μm)
・流動パラフィン :51質量部
・デカリン :32質量部
上記の材料を用意した。流動パラフィンとデカリンを混合し、混合溶剤を調製した。混合溶剤にUHMWPEを全量添加し、攪拌混合した。次いでHDPEを全量添加し、攪拌混合した。こうして、ポリエチレン濃度17質量%のポリエチレン溶液を調製した。UHMWPEとHDPEの混合物中のCa含有量は214.1ppbであった。
ポリエチレン溶液を二軸混練押出機に投入し、スクリュー回転数450rpmで運転してポリエチレン溶液に圧力及び熱を印加した。二軸混練押出機のバレル内部の温度を、最下流域におけるポリエチレン溶液温度が160℃になるように調整し、ダイにおけるポリエチレン溶液温度が155℃になるように調整した。
ポリエチレン溶液をダイからシート状に押し出し、押出物を水温20℃の水浴に搬送して冷却し、ゲル状シートであるベーステープを作製した。
ベーステープを、温度100℃でMDに倍率4倍で延伸し(縦延伸)、続いて温度115℃でTDに倍率9倍で延伸し(横延伸)、続いて直ちに温度135℃で熱固定を行い、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を得た。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を、TD長さを一定に保ちながら、温度100℃の恒温槽を1分間かけて搬送することでアニール処理を行った。
次いでポリオレフィン微多孔膜を、温度60℃の空間を20秒間かけて搬送し、次いで室温の空間に搬送し、冷却した。
これに対して、ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の孔径が35nm以下である実施例1~7(本開示の液体フィルター用基材)は、評価項目「捕集性能」に優れる。すなわち、本開示の液体フィルター用基材は、被処理液に含まれる微小粒子(例えば粒径5nmの粒子)を濾別する性能に優れる。
これに対して、長径1mm以上の粒状物の個数が2個以下である実施例1~7(本開示の液体フィルター用基材)は、評価項目「金属溶出」に優れる。すなわち、本開示の液体フィルター用基材は、孔径が比較的小さいながら洗浄によって残留金属の除去が容易である。
Claims (7)
- 孔径が1nm~35nmであり且つ長径1mm以上の粒状物の個数が1m2あたり0個~2個であるポリオレフィン微多孔膜、を有する、
液体フィルター用基材。 - 前記ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の膜厚が3μm~20μmである、請求項1に記載の液体フィルター用基材。
- 前記ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の空孔率が35%~70%である、請求項1に記載の液体フィルター用基材。
- 前記ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の水流量が0.003L/min/ft2/psi~0.180L/min/ft2/psiである、請求項1に記載の液体フィルター用基材。
- 前記ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を構成するポリオレフィン全体の重量平均分子量が80万以上である、請求項1に記載の液体フィルター用基材。
- 前記ポリオレフィン微多孔膜がポリエチレン微多孔膜である、請求項1に記載の液体フィルター用基材。
- 請求項1~請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の液体フィルター用基材を備える、液体フィルター。
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| JP2010053245A (ja) * | 2008-08-28 | 2010-03-11 | Teijin Ltd | ポリオレフィン微多孔膜 |
| JP2010234344A (ja) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-21 | Kitz Microfilter Corp | 中空糸膜モジュールとその製造方法 |
| JP2017159280A (ja) * | 2016-03-11 | 2017-09-14 | Jnc株式会社 | プリーツカートリッジフィルター |
| WO2020022321A1 (ja) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-01-30 | 帝人株式会社 | 液体フィルター用基材 |
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| US11338250B2 (en) | 2013-05-07 | 2022-05-24 | Teijin Limited | Substrate for liquid filter |
| JP6125890B2 (ja) | 2013-05-07 | 2017-05-10 | 帝人株式会社 | 液体フィルター用基材 |
| JP6105379B2 (ja) | 2013-05-07 | 2017-03-29 | 帝人株式会社 | 液体フィルター用基材 |
| KR20160005738A (ko) | 2013-05-07 | 2016-01-15 | 데이진 가부시키가이샤 | 액체 필터용 기재 |
| JP5684952B1 (ja) | 2013-05-07 | 2015-03-18 | 帝人株式会社 | 液体フィルター用基材 |
| JP6858618B2 (ja) | 2017-03-30 | 2021-04-14 | 帝人株式会社 | 液体フィルター用基材 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010053245A (ja) * | 2008-08-28 | 2010-03-11 | Teijin Ltd | ポリオレフィン微多孔膜 |
| JP2010234344A (ja) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-21 | Kitz Microfilter Corp | 中空糸膜モジュールとその製造方法 |
| JP2017159280A (ja) * | 2016-03-11 | 2017-09-14 | Jnc株式会社 | プリーツカートリッジフィルター |
| WO2020022321A1 (ja) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-01-30 | 帝人株式会社 | 液体フィルター用基材 |
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| KR20250150105A (ko) | 2025-10-17 |
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