WO2024185718A1 - 被覆工具および切削工具 - Google Patents

被覆工具および切削工具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024185718A1
WO2024185718A1 PCT/JP2024/007905 JP2024007905W WO2024185718A1 WO 2024185718 A1 WO2024185718 A1 WO 2024185718A1 JP 2024007905 W JP2024007905 W JP 2024007905W WO 2024185718 A1 WO2024185718 A1 WO 2024185718A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
wear
coated tool
crystals
coating layer
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2024/007905
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
勇一郎 熊
涼馬 野見山
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Kyocera Corp
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Kyocera Corp
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Priority to JP2025505313A priority Critical patent/JPWO2024185718A1/ja
Priority to CN202480009335.1A priority patent/CN120731136A/zh
Publication of WO2024185718A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024185718A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to coated tools and cutting tools.
  • Coated tools in which the surface of a base material such as cemented carbide, cermet, or ceramic is coated with a coating layer, are known as tools used in cutting processes such as turning and milling. Coating the tool with a coating layer can improve the wear resistance, etc. of the tool.
  • a coated tool includes a substrate and a coating layer located on the substrate.
  • the coating layer has a first layer, a second layer located between the first layer and the substrate and in contact with the first layer, and a plurality of protruding crystals located at the interface between the first layer and the second layer. The plurality of protruding crystals protrude toward the first layer and the second layer, respectively.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a coated tool according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view showing an example of a coated tool according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic enlarged view of a corner portion of a chip body according to a reference example.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a coating layer according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of details of the coating layer according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is the same cross-sectional view as FIG.
  • FIG. 7 is a front view illustrating an example of a cutting tool according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is an image showing a cross section of the coating layer at the cutting edge of the coated tool according to the example and the results of elemental analysis of the coating layer.
  • FIG. 9 is an image showing an inverse pole figure orientation map of a coating layer at the cutting edge of a coated tool according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing the correlation between cutting time and abrasive wear amount.
  • FIG. 11 is an image showing the cutting edge state of the coated tool according to the example after the cutting test.
  • FIG. 12 is an image showing the cutting edge state of the coated tool according to the comparative example after the cutting test.
  • Coated tools which have a coating layer on the surface of a base material such as cemented carbide, cermet, or ceramic, are known as tools used in cutting processes such as turning or milling. Coating the tool with a coating layer can improve the tool's wear resistance, etc.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a coated tool according to an embodiment.
  • Fig. 2 is a side cross-sectional view showing an example of a coated tool according to an embodiment.
  • a coated tool 1 according to an embodiment has a tip body 2.
  • Chip body 2 has, for example, a hexahedral shape with the upper and lower surfaces (surfaces intersecting with the Z-axis shown in FIG. 1) each being a parallelogram.
  • the cutting edge portion has a first surface (e.g., a top surface) and a second surface (e.g., a side surface) that is connected to the first surface.
  • the first surface functions as a "scooping surface” that scoops up chips generated by cutting
  • the second surface functions as a "flank surface.”
  • a cutting edge is located on at least a portion of the ridge where the first surface and the second surface intersect, and the coated tool 1 cuts the workpiece by applying this cutting edge to the workpiece.
  • a through hole 5 that passes through the chip body 2 from top to bottom is located in the center of the chip body 2.
  • a screw 75 is inserted into the through hole 5 to attach the coated tool 1 to a holder 70 (described later) (see FIG. 7).
  • the shape of the coated tool 1 shown in FIG. 1 is merely an example and does not limit the shape of the coated tool according to the present disclosure.
  • the coated tool according to the present disclosure may have, for example, a rod-shaped body having a rotation axis and extending from a first end to a second end, a cutting edge located at the first end of the body, and a groove extending in a spiral shape from the cutting edge toward the second end of the body.
  • the chip body 2 has a base 10 and a coating layer 20.
  • the substrate 10 is formed of, for example, a cemented carbide.
  • the cemented carbide contains a hard phase containing at least W (tungsten), specifically WC (tungsten carbide).
  • the cemented carbide may contain a binder phase containing at least one iron group element such as Ni (nickel) or Co (cobalt).
  • the substrate 10 is made of a WC-based cemented carbide having hard particles made of WC as a hard phase component and Co as a main component of the binder phase.
  • the substrate 10 has better heat resistance properties.
  • the substrate 10 may be formed of a cermet.
  • the cermet contains, for example, Ti (titanium), specifically, TiC (titanium carbide), TiN (titanium nitride), or TiCN (titanium carbonitride).
  • Ti titanium
  • TiC titanium carbide
  • TiN titanium nitride
  • TiCN titanium carbonitride
  • the cermet may contain Ni and/or Co.
  • the substrate 10 may be formed of a cubic boron nitride sintered body containing cubic boron nitride (cBN) particles.
  • the substrate 10 is not limited to cubic boron nitride (cBN) particles, and may contain particles of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), rhombohedral boron nitride (rBN), wurtzite boron nitride (wBN), or the like.
  • the substrate 10 may be made of ceramics.
  • the ceramics may contain, for example, Al 2 O 3 (aluminum oxide), such as ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 and/or ⁇ -Al 2 O 3.
  • the ceramics may contain other elements in addition to the aluminum oxide.
  • the ceramics may contain at least one of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), silicon (Si), and a Group 3 element of the periodic table, in addition to the aluminum oxide.
  • the coating layer 20 coats the substrate 10 for the purpose of improving the wear resistance, heat resistance, etc. of the substrate 10.
  • the coating layer 20 coats the substrate 10 as a whole.
  • the arrangement of the coating layer 20 on the substrate 10 is not particularly limited as long as the coating layer 20 is located at least on the surface of the substrate 10.
  • the coating layer 20 is located on the first surface (here, the upper surface) of the substrate 10, the wear resistance and heat resistance of the first surface are high.
  • the coating layer 20 is located on the second surface (here, the side surface) of the substrate 10, the wear resistance and heat resistance of the second surface are high.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic enlarged view of a corner portion 201X of a chip body 2X according to a reference example.
  • the chip body 2X may undergo wear such as primary boundary wear D1, secondary boundary wear D2, abrasive wear D3, and crater wear D4.
  • Primary boundary wear D1, secondary boundary wear D2, and abrasive wear D3 are wear that occurs on the flank face, and crater wear D4 is wear that occurs on the rake face.
  • Abrasive wear D3 is a wear phenomenon in which the surface of the tip body 2X is scraped off by foreign matter interposed between the tip body 2X and the workpiece. Abrasive wear D3 may cause an increase in cutting resistance and cutting heat.
  • Primary boundary wear D1 and secondary boundary wear D2 are wear that occurs at both ends of abrasive wear D3, i.e., at the cut boundaries.
  • the primary boundary is the boundary that comes into contact with the cutting surface of the workpiece
  • the secondary boundary is the boundary that comes into contact with the finished surface of the workpiece.
  • Primary boundary wear D1 may cause burrs to form in the workpiece.
  • Secondary boundary wear D2 may deteriorate the finished surface of the workpiece or change the dimensions of the workpiece.
  • Crater wear D4 occurs when the tip body 2X becomes hot and the surface is oxidized, producing relatively soft oxides. Crater wear D4 may cause chip disposal to deteriorate.
  • the coated tool 1 according to the embodiment can effectively reduce these damages by devising a structure for the coating layer 20 that covers the tip body 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the covering layer 20 according to the embodiment.
  • the coating layer 20 has a first layer 21, a second layer 22, and a third layer 23.
  • the first layer 21 is located on the outside of the coating layer 20 compared to the second layer 22 and the third layer 23.
  • the second layer 22 is located between the first layer 21 and the substrate 10.
  • the third layer 23 is located between the second layer 22 and the substrate 10. That is, the second layer 22 is located between the first layer 21 and the third layer 23.
  • the first layer 21 may be located on the outermost side of the coating layer 20.
  • the first layer 21 is generally called the wear-resistant layer because it contacts the workpiece. Therefore, hereinafter, the first layer 21 will be referred to as the wear-resistant layer 21 as appropriate.
  • the second layer 22 may be referred to as the intermediate layer 22 because it is located between the first layer 21 and the third layer 23 as described above.
  • the second layer 22, which is located on the inner side of the coating layer 20 relative to the first layer 21, may contact the first layer 21, as in the example shown in Figure 4.
  • the third layer 23 may be located at the innermost part of the coating layer 20. In such a case, the third layer 23 is positioned as a region for contacting the substrate 10 and enhancing the adhesion of the coating layer 20 to the substrate 10. Therefore, the third layer 23 is generally called an adhesion layer.
  • the third layer 23 is appropriately referred to as the adhesion layer 23.
  • the adhesion layer 23 may be in contact with the intermediate layer 22, as in the example shown in FIG. 4. Another layer may be located between the intermediate layer 22 and the adhesion layer 23, and the adhesion layer 23 may be separated from the intermediate layer 22.
  • the adhesion layer 23, the intermediate layer 22, and the wear-resistant layer 21 are laminated in this order from the surface side of the substrate 10: adhesion layer 23, intermediate layer 22, and wear-resistant layer 21.
  • the wear-resistant layer 21 includes a metal component including Ti and Al, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.
  • the composition of the wear-resistant layer 21 is different from the composition of the intermediate layer 22.
  • the wear-resistant layer 21 includes Ti g Al h Cr i M j as a metal component.
  • the composition of the wear-resistant layer 21 is defined as a first composition.
  • M is at least one metal selected from Groups 4a, 5a, and 6a of the periodic table (excluding Cr) and Si.
  • the wear-resistant layer 21 may be TiAlCrWNbSiN.
  • the wear-resistant layer 21 does not necessarily need to include M.
  • the wear-resistant layer 21 may be, for example, TiAlCrN.
  • the wear-resistant layer 21 is a layer that comes into contact with the workpiece when the workpiece is cut with the coated tool 1, and can reduce the occurrence of primary boundary wear D1, secondary boundary wear D2, and abrasive wear D3 in the tip body 2.
  • the intermediate layer 22 includes a metal component including Ti and Al, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.
  • the intermediate layer 22 includes Ti d Al e M f as a metal component.
  • the composition of the intermediate layer 22 is defined as a second composition.
  • M is at least one metal selected from Groups 4a, 5a, and 6a of the periodic table (excluding Cr) and Si.
  • the intermediate layer 22 may be TiAlWNbSiN.
  • the intermediate layer 22 does not necessarily include M.
  • the intermediate layer 22 may be, for example, TiAlN.
  • the intermediate layer 22 has high oxidation resistance. As a result, the intermediate layer 22 can reduce the occurrence of crater wear D4 in the tip body 2.
  • the adhesion layer 23 is an alloy layer containing Ti and Al.
  • the adhesion layer 23 is an alloy layer containing Ti a Al b M c .
  • M is at least one metal selected from the group 4a, 5a and 6a of the periodic table and Si.
  • the adhesion layer 23 may be TiAlWNbSi.
  • the adhesion layer 23 does not necessarily need to contain M. In this case, the adhesion layer 23 may be, for example, TiAl.
  • the adhesion layer 23 improves the adhesion of the coating layer 20 to the substrate 10. This makes it easy to avoid the coating layer 20 from peeling off from the substrate 10.
  • the proportion of metal components in the adhesion layer 23, intermediate layer 22 and wear-resistant layer 21 can be determined, for example, by analysis using an EDS (energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer) attached to a STEM (scanning transmission electron microscope).
  • EDS energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer
  • STEM scanning transmission electron microscope
  • the thickness of the coating layer 20 may be 2.5 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
  • wear resistance particularly resistance to abrasive wear D3
  • chipping of the coating layer 20 can be more easily reduced. Therefore, when the thickness of the coating layer 20 is 2.5 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less, the wear resistance and chipping resistance of the coating layer 20 can be improved.
  • the thickness of the adhesion layer 23 may be 2 nm or more and 8 nm or less.
  • the adhesion of the coating layer 20 to the substrate 10 can be more easily improved.
  • the occurrence of primary boundary wear D1 and secondary boundary wear D2 in the chip body 2 can be more easily reduced.
  • the thickness of the adhesion layer 23 is 8 nm or less, the destruction of the coating layer 20 can be more easily reduced by reducing the plastic deformation of the relatively soft adhesion layer 23. Therefore, when the thickness of the adhesion layer 23 is 2 nm or more and 8 nm or less, the occurrence of primary boundary wear D1 and secondary boundary wear D2 in the chip body 2 and the destruction of the coating layer 20 can be reduced.
  • the thickness of the intermediate layer 22 may be less than the thickness of the wear-resistant layer 21.
  • the thickness of the intermediate layer 22 may be 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 3 ⁇ m or less.
  • the thickness of the intermediate layer 22 is 0.5 ⁇ m or more, the occurrence of crater wear D4 in the chip body 2 can be more easily reduced.
  • the thickness of the intermediate layer 22 is 3 ⁇ m or less, the effect of the wear-resistant layer 21 in reducing the occurrence of primary boundary wear D1, secondary boundary wear D2, and abrasive wear D3 in the chip body 2 can be more easily ensured. Therefore, when the thickness of the intermediate layer 22 is 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 3 ⁇ m or less, damage to the chip body 2 can be more easily reduced.
  • the thickness of the wear-resistant layer 21 may be 1.5 ⁇ m or more and 7 ⁇ m or less.
  • the thickness of the wear-resistant layer 21 is 1.5 ⁇ m or more, the occurrence of primary boundary wear D1, secondary boundary wear D2, and abrasive wear D3 in the chip body 2 can be more easily reduced.
  • the thickness of the wear-resistant layer 21 is 7 ⁇ m or less, the effect of the intermediate layer 22 in reducing the occurrence of crater wear D4 in the chip body 2 can be more easily ensured. Therefore, when the thickness of the wear-resistant layer 21 is 1.5 ⁇ m or more and 7 ⁇ m or less, damage to the chip body 2 can be more easily reduced.
  • the coating layer 20 is composed of the adhesion layer 23, the intermediate layer 22, and the wear-resistant layer 21, but the coating layer 20 does not necessarily need to include the adhesion layer 23.
  • the coated tool 1 may have a coating layer 20 composed of the intermediate layer 22 located on the surface of the substrate 10 and the wear-resistant layer 21 located on the surface of the intermediate layer 22.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the details of the coating layer 20 according to the embodiment.
  • the coating layer 20 has a plurality of protruding crystals 30 located at the interface between the intermediate layer 22 and the wear-resistant layer 21 in a cross section of the coating layer 20 including the intermediate layer 22 and the wear-resistant layer 21.
  • a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) or the like is used to take a photograph of a cross section of the coating layer 20 including the intermediate layer 22 and the wear-resistant layer 21 in the normal direction to the surface of the substrate 10.
  • STEM scanning transmission electron microscope
  • multiple protruding crystals 30 located at the interface between the intermediate layer 22 and the wear-resistant layer 21 can be confirmed.
  • the inverse pole figure orientation map of the coating layer 20 shows that the crystal orientation in the region corresponding to the protruding crystals 30 is different from the crystal orientation in the region corresponding to the parts other than the protruding crystals 30. That is, the inverse pole figure orientation map of the coating layer 20 also shows multiple protruding crystals 30 at the interface between the intermediate layer 22 and the wear-resistant layer 21. This suggests that the orientation of the crystal grains that make up the multiple protruding crystals 30 is different from the orientation of the crystal grains that make up the intermediate layer 22 and the orientation of the crystal grains that make up the wear-resistant layer 21.
  • the distribution of elements constituting the intermediate layer 22 and the wear-resistant layer 21 does not show the presence of multiple protruding crystals 30 at the interface between the intermediate layer 22 and the wear-resistant layer 21.
  • the multiple protruding crystals 30 can also be evaluated as being part of the wear-resistant layer 21 and the intermediate layer 22, but based on the TEM electron diffraction mapping method, the multiple protruding crystals 30 are described in detail below as separate elements from the wear-resistant layer 21 and the intermediate layer 22. Because the composition of the elements constituting the intermediate layer 22 is different from the composition of the elements constituting the wear-resistant layer 21, the presence of the interface between the intermediate layer 22 and the wear-resistant layer 21 can be confirmed in the above elemental analysis.
  • the orientation of the crystal grains that make up part of the wear-resistant layer 21 is influenced by the orientation of the crystal grains that make up part of the intermediate layer 22, and this is thought to result in the formation of multiple protruding crystals 30 at the interface between the intermediate layer 22 and the wear-resistant layer 21.
  • the anchor effect of the multiple protruding crystals 30 can improve the adhesion acting between the intermediate layer 22 and the wear-resistant layer 21. Accordingly, the wear resistance of the coating layer 20 can be improved. Therefore, the wear resistance of the coated tool 1 can be improved. As a result, the tool life of the coated tool 1 can be extended.
  • the anchoring effect of this protruding crystal 30 is improved. If more than half of the multiple protruding crystals 30 have a portion that protrudes at the above-mentioned acute angle, the anchoring effect of the multiple protruding crystals 30 is further improved.
  • the anchor effect described above can be enhanced.
  • a number of protruding crystals 30 are located at the interface between the intermediate layer 22 and the wear-resistant layer 21. Therefore, at least one of the protruding crystals 30 can be considered to have a first region 30a surrounded by the wear-resistant layer 21 and a second region 30b surrounded by the intermediate layer 22. As described above, in elemental analysis using EDS, the distribution of elements constituting the intermediate layer 22 and the wear-resistant layer 21 does not show the presence of a number of protruding crystals 30 at the interface between the intermediate layer 22 and the wear-resistant layer 21. In this case, it can also be said that in at least one of the protruding crystals 30, the first region 30a has a first composition and the second region 30b has a second composition.
  • the adhesion between the intermediate layer 22 and the wear-resistant layer 21 is further improved. This is for the following reasons.
  • the affinity between the wear-resistant layer 21 and the first region 30a in the protruding crystals 30 is high, and the adhesion between these parts is high.
  • the affinity between the intermediate layer 22 and the second region 30b in the protruding crystals 30 is high, and the adhesion between these parts is high.
  • the crystal orientations of the first region 30a and the second region 30b in the protruding crystals 30 are aligned. Therefore, the bonding strength between the first region 30a and the second region 30b is high.
  • At least one of the multiple protruding crystals 30 may be configured such that there is no extreme bias in the width (vertical height in the cross section shown in FIG. 6) in the first region 30a and the second region 30b in the direction normal to the surface of the substrate 10.
  • the width in the first region 30a in the direction normal to the surface of the substrate 10 is h1 and the width in the second region 30b in the direction normal to the surface of the substrate 10 is h2, 0.2 ⁇ h1/h2 ⁇ 5 may be satisfied. In this case, the anchor effect of the protruding crystals 30 to both the wear-resistant layer 21 and the intermediate layer 22 is enhanced.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the shape of the protruding crystal 30 according to the embodiment.
  • each protrusion-like crystal 30 has a polygonal shape in the cross section of the coating layer 20 in the normal direction of the surface of the substrate 10 (the vertical direction in FIG. 5).
  • the shape of each protrusion-like crystal 30 can be identified visually in the cross section of the coating layer 20 including the intermediate layer 22 and the wear-resistant layer 21 in the normal direction of the surface of the substrate 10.
  • the shape of each protrusion-like crystal 30 may be identified visually based on the distribution of crystal grain orientation in the inverse pole figure orientation map of the coating layer 20.
  • the multiple protruding crystals 30 may have an approximately polygonal shape in a cross section of the coating layer 20 in the normal direction to the surface of the substrate 10, as shown in FIG. 5, for example.
  • an approximately polygonal shape includes a shape that can be considered to be substantially a polygon and a shape that can be approximated to a polygon.
  • the anchoring effect of the protruding crystal 30 is improved.
  • FIG. 5 shows a substantially triangular protruding crystal 30 as an example of a substantially polygonal protruding crystal 30.
  • the substantially triangular protruding crystal 30 has, for example, vertices A, B, and C.
  • Vertex A is the vertex farthest from the intermediate layer 22.
  • a, b, and c are the length of side BC, the length of side CA, and the length of side AB, respectively.
  • H is the foot of the perpendicular line drawn from vertex A to side BC.
  • h is the length of the perpendicular line AH.
  • the values of a, b, c, and h are measured from the shape of the triangle ABC.
  • the area S of the triangle ABC can be calculated from the obtained values of a, b, and c.
  • At least one of the multiple protrusion-like crystals 30 may have a height of 500 nm or more.
  • the height of the protrusion-like crystal 30 is the length h of the perpendicular line AH as described above.
  • the height of the protrusion-like crystal 30 may be the average value of the heights of the multiple protrusion-like crystals 30.
  • the anchor effect of the multiple protruding crystals 30 can be improved. Therefore, the adhesion force acting between the intermediate layer 22 and the wear-resistant layer 21 can be further improved. Accordingly, the wear resistance of the coating layer 20 can be further improved. Therefore, the wear resistance of the coated tool 1 can be further improved. As a result, the tool life of the coated tool 1 can be further extended.
  • At least one of the multiple protrusion-like crystals 30 may have an inclination angle of 15 degrees or more and 45 degrees or less with respect to the normal direction of the surface of the substrate 10.
  • the inclination angle of the protrusion-like crystals 30 with respect to the normal direction of the surface of the substrate 10 is the angle of the perpendicular line AH as described above with respect to the normal line of the surface of the substrate 10.
  • the average value of the inclination angles of the multiple protrusion-like crystals 30 with respect to the normal direction of the surface of the substrate 10 may be used as the inclination angle of the protrusion-like crystals 30 with respect to the normal direction of the surface of the substrate 10.
  • the anchor effect of the multiple protruding crystals 30 can be improved. Therefore, the adhesion force acting between the intermediate layer 22 and the wear-resistant layer 21 can be further improved. Accordingly, the wear resistance of the coating layer 20 can be further improved. Therefore, the wear resistance of the coated tool 1 can be further improved. As a result, the tool life of the coated tool 1 can be further extended.
  • At least one of the multiple protruding crystals 30 may have an aspect ratio of 0.1 or more and 1 or less.
  • R IC is the radius of the inscribed circle IC of the triangle ABC.
  • R CC is the radius of the circumscribed circle CC of the triangle ABC.
  • the aspect ratio of the protrusion-like crystals 30 the average value of the aspect ratios of a plurality of protrusion-like crystals 30 may be used.
  • the anchor effect of the multiple protruding crystals 30 can be improved. Therefore, the adhesion force acting between the intermediate layer 22 and the wear-resistant layer 21 can be further improved. Accordingly, the wear resistance of the coating layer 20 can be further improved. Therefore, the wear resistance of the coated tool 1 can be further improved. As a result, the tool life of the coated tool 1 can be further extended.
  • the intermediate layer 22 may have a second composition including a metal component including Ti and Al and at least one element selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.
  • the wear-resistant layer 21 may have a first composition including a metal component including Ti and Al and at least one element selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. In this case, the first composition and the second composition may be different from each other.
  • At least one of the multiple protruding crystals 30 may have an approximately rectangular shape in a cross section of the coating layer 20 in the normal direction to the surface of the substrate 10, as shown in FIG. 5, for example.
  • an approximately rectangular shape includes a shape that can be considered to be substantially a rectangular shape and a shape that can be approximated to a rectangular shape.
  • the protruding crystal 30, which is a substantially quadrilateral has, for example, vertices D, E, F, and G.
  • a portion of a triangle DGF including the side FG closest to the intermediate layer 22 and the side EF connected to the side FG and the longer side DG of the two sides DG is extracted.
  • the height of the protruding crystal 30, the inclination angle of the protruding crystal 30, and the aspect ratio of the protruding crystal 30 may be calculated as described above for the portion of the triangle DGF.
  • a portion of a triangle including the side closest to the intermediate layer 22 and the longer side of the two sides connected to the side closest to the intermediate layer 22 may be similarly extracted.
  • Method of manufacturing the coating layer 20 Next, an example of a method for producing the coating layer 20 according to the present embodiment will be described.
  • the method for producing the coating layer 20 according to the present embodiment is not limited to the following method.
  • the coating layer 20 may be formed, for example, by a physical vapor deposition (PVD) method.
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • the coating layer 20 can be formed so as to cover the entire surface of the substrate 10 except for the inner circumferential surface of the through hole 5.
  • Examples of physical vapor deposition include ion plating such as arc ion plating (AIP) and sputtering.
  • Arc ion plating is a method of forming a film of metal or metal nitride by evaporating a target metal using arc discharge in a vacuum atmosphere and combining it with N2 gas or the like as necessary.
  • the bias voltage applied to the substrate 10, which is the object to be coated may be -30V or less.
  • the coating layer 20 when the coating layer 20 is produced by the arc ion plating method, the coating layer 20 can be produced by the following method.
  • a metal target of Ti, Al, or M (where M is at least one metal selected from Groups 4a, 5a, and 6a of the periodic table, and Si), a composite alloy target, or a sintered target is prepared.
  • the above target which is the metal source
  • the above target which is the metal source
  • the above target is evaporated and ionized by arc discharge or glow discharge, and the ionized metal is deposited on the surface of the substrate 10.
  • the adhesion layer 23 can be formed.
  • the composition of the adhesion layer 23 can be adjusted by controlling the voltage or current value during arc discharge or glow discharge applied to each of the various metal targets independently for each target.
  • the composition of the adhesion layer 23 can also be adjusted by controlling the composition of the metal target, the coating time, or the atmospheric gas pressure.
  • the thickness of the adhesion layer 23 can be adjusted, for example, by controlling the coating time.
  • metal targets of Ti, Al, and M (where M is at least one metal selected from Groups 4a, 5a, and 6a of the periodic table (excluding Cr), and Si), composite alloy targets, or sintered compact targets are prepared.
  • the target which is the metal source
  • the target is evaporated and ionized by arc discharge, glow discharge, or the like.
  • the ionized metal is reacted with nitrogen (N 2 ) gas or the like and evaporated onto the surface of the substrate 10.
  • N 2 nitrogen
  • the composition of the intermediate layer 22 can be adjusted by controlling the composition of the metal target.
  • the grain size of the intermediate layer 22 can be adjusted by controlling the current value during arc discharge or glow discharge, or by controlling the atmospheric gas pressure.
  • the thickness of the intermediate layer 22 can be adjusted, for example, by controlling the coating time.
  • a method for manufacturing the wear-resistant layer 21 will be described.
  • a metal target of Ti, Al, Cr, or M (where M is at least one metal selected from Groups 4a, 5a, and 6a of the periodic table (excluding Cr), and Si), a composite alloy target, or a sintered target is prepared.
  • the target which is the metal source
  • the target which is the metal source
  • the ionized metal is reacted with nitrogen (N 2 ) gas or the like and is evaporated onto the surface of the substrate 10.
  • the abrasion-resistant layer 21 can be formed by the above procedure.
  • the composition of the wear-resistant layer 21 can be adjusted by controlling the composition of the metal target.
  • the grain size of the wear-resistant layer 21 can be adjusted by controlling the voltage or current value during arc discharge or glow discharge, or by controlling the atmospheric gas pressure.
  • the thickness of the wear-resistant layer 21 can be adjusted, for example, by controlling the coating time.
  • Fig. 7 is a front view showing an example of a cutting tool according to an embodiment.
  • the cutting tool 100 has a coated tool 1 and a holder 70 for fixing the coated tool 1.
  • the holder 70 is a rod-shaped member that extends from a first end (the upper end in FIG. 7) to a second end (the lower end in FIG. 7).
  • the holder 70 is made of, for example, steel or cast iron. Of these materials, steel, which has particularly high toughness, may be used.
  • the holder 70 has a pocket 73 at the end on the first end side.
  • the pocket 73 is the portion where the coated tool 1 is attached, and has a seating surface that intersects with the rotation direction of the workpiece and a restraining side surface that is inclined relative to the seating surface.
  • the seating surface has a screw hole into which a screw 75, which will be described later, is screwed.
  • the coated tool 1 is located in the pocket 73 of the holder 70 and is attached to the holder 70 by a screw 75. That is, the screw 75 is inserted into the through hole 5 of the coated tool 1, and the tip of the screw 75 is inserted into a screw hole formed in the seating surface of the pocket 73 to screw the threaded portions together. In this way, the coated tool 1 is attached to the holder 70 so that the cutting edge portion protrudes outward from the holder 70.
  • a cutting tool 100 used for so-called turning is exemplified.
  • Examples of turning include internal diameter machining, external diameter machining, and grooving.
  • the cutting tool is not limited to that used for turning.
  • the coated tool 1 may be used as a cutting tool used for turning.
  • Examples of cutting tools used for turning include milling cutters such as flat milling cutters, face milling cutters, side milling cutters, and groove milling cutters, and end mills such as single-blade end mills, multiple-blade end mills, tapered-blade end mills, and ball end mills.
  • a coated tool including a substrate and a coating layer consisting of an adhesion layer, an intermediate layer, and an abrasion-resistant layer was produced as an example by sequentially laminating an adhesion layer, an intermediate layer, and an abrasion-resistant layer on the substrate by an arc ion plating method.
  • a WC-based cemented carbide was used as the substrate.
  • the compositions and thicknesses of the adhesion layer, intermediate layer, and abrasion-resistant layer formed on the substrate are shown in Table 1.
  • Figure 8 is an image showing a cross section of the coating layer in the example.
  • Figure 8A is an image taken by STEM.
  • Figures 8B to 8D are images taken using EDS to show the titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al) and chromium (Cr) content.
  • the dashed line attached to Figure 8A shows the boundary where the titanium, aluminum and chromium content changes suddenly in Figures 8B to 8D, superimposed on Figure 8A. This dashed line shows the boundary between the wear-resistant layer 21 and the intermediate layer 22.
  • Figure 9A is the same as the STEM image shown in Figure 8A.
  • Figure 9B is an image showing the inverse pole figure orientation map of the coating layer at the cutting edge of the coated tool according to the example.
  • the dashed line attached to Figure 9A is the same as the dashed line attached to Figure 8A, and indicates the boundary between the wear-resistant layer 21 and the intermediate layer 22.
  • the outlines of the multiple protruding crystals can be identified by showing an inverse pole figure orientation map of the coating layer, as shown in FIG. 9B.
  • the differences in crystal orientation are shown by color mapping, so that the outlines of the multiple protruding crystals 30 relative to the intermediate layer 22 and the wear-resistant layer 21 can be identified.
  • the solid lines added to FIG. 9B show the outlines of the multiple protruding crystals.
  • the solid line attached to A in FIG. 9 is the solid line attached to B in FIG. 9 superimposed on A in FIG. 9.
  • This solid line shows the outline of the multiple protruding crystals in A in FIG. 9. It can be seen from FIG. 9 that the multiple protruding crystals can have an approximately rectangular shape and an approximately triangular shape.
  • the multiple protruding crystals have a portion (first region) surrounded by the wear-resistant layer 21 and having a first composition similar to that of the wear-resistant layer 21, and a portion (second region) surrounded by the intermediate layer 22 and having a second composition similar to that of the intermediate layer 22.
  • the protruding crystals having a roughly triangular shape found in the coating layer were approximated to protruding crystals having a triangular shape.
  • Protruding crystals having a triangular shape were extracted from the protruding crystals having a roughly rectangular shape.
  • the height of the protruding crystals, the inclination angle of the protruding crystals, and the aspect ratio of the protruding crystals were calculated. The values of the height of the protruding crystals, the inclination angle of the protruding crystals, and the aspect ratio of the protruding crystals are shown in Table 2.
  • the coated tool according to the embodiment includes multiple protruding crystals with a height of 500 nm or more on both the cutting edge and flank of the coated tool. It was confirmed that the multiple protruding crystals include protruding crystals with an inclination angle of 15 degrees or more and 45 degrees or less with respect to the normal direction of the surface of the base. It was confirmed that the multiple protruding crystals include protruding crystals with an aspect ratio of 0.1 or more and 1 or less.
  • a scanning transmission electron microscope was used to take a photograph of the cross section of the coating layer, including the intermediate layer and the wear-resistant layer, in the normal direction to the surface of the substrate for the cutting edge of a conventional coated tool used as a comparative example. It was confirmed that in the cross section of the coating layer at the cutting edge of the conventional coated tool used as a comparative example, the coating layer does not have protruding crystals at the interface between the intermediate layer and the wear-resistant layer.
  • the peel load was measured for the coated tool according to the Example and the coated tool according to the Comparative Example. Specifically, the coating layer was scratched in a direction parallel to the surface of the substrate for each of the coated tools according to the Example and the Comparative Example. The load applied to the coating layer was changed from 1 N to 25 N at a rate of change of 0.23 N/sec. The minimum load that caused peeling of the intermediate layer and the wear-resistant layer in the coating layer was measured as the peel load. The peel load for the coated tool according to the Example was 18 N. The peel load for the coated tool according to the Comparative Example was 12 N. Thus, it was confirmed that the peel load for the coated tool according to the Example was greater than the peel load for the coated tool according to the Comparative Example.
  • abrasive wear amount the length of abrasive wear in the thickness direction of the coating layer of the coated tool according to the embodiment. The cutting times in the cutting test were 7.4 minutes, 14.8 minutes, 19.8 minutes, 24.7 minutes, 29.7 minutes, and 34.6 minutes.
  • the amount of abrasive wear in the thickness direction of the coating layer of the coated tool according to the comparative example was measured using an image showing the cutting edge state of the coated tool according to the comparative example after the cutting test.
  • the cutting times in the cutting test were 7.4 minutes and 14.8 minutes.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph showing the correlation between cutting time and abrasive wear amount.
  • the horizontal axis of the graph shown in FIG. 10 is cutting time (minutes).
  • the vertical axis of the graph shown in FIG. 10 is abrasive wear amount (mm).
  • white circles indicate measured values for the coated tool of the embodiment.
  • Black circles indicate measured values for the coated tool of the comparative example.
  • the time until the abrasive wear amount of the coated tool according to the embodiment reaches 0.2 mm was calculated.
  • the time until the abrasive wear amount of the coated tool according to the embodiment reaches 0.2 mm was more than 34.6 minutes.
  • the time until the abrasive wear amount of the coated tool according to the comparative example reaches 0.2 mm was calculated.
  • the time until the abrasive wear amount of the coated tool according to the comparative example reaches 0.2 mm was 14.8 minutes. It was confirmed that at a certain abrasive wear amount, the cutting time of the coated tool according to the embodiment is longer than the cutting time of the coated tool according to the comparative example.
  • the wear resistance of the coated tool can be improved. In other words, it was confirmed that the tool life of the coated tool can be extended.
  • Figure 11 is an image showing the cutting edge condition after a cutting test of the coated tool according to the embodiment.
  • Figure 12 is an image showing the cutting edge condition after a cutting test of the coated tool according to the comparative example.
  • the part of the cutting edge of the coated tool where the coating layer has been scraped off by abrasive wear D3 and the substrate has been exposed is shown by a dotted white circle.
  • a substrate; a coating layer overlying the substrate; Equipped with The coating layer is A first layer; a second layer located between the first layer and the substrate and in contact with the first layer; a plurality of protruding crystals located at an interface between the first layer and the second layer; The plurality of protruding crystals protrude toward the first layer and the second layer, respectively.
  • Coated tools At least one of the plurality of protruding crystals is a first region surrounded by the first layer; a second region surrounded by the second layer, The first region is larger than the second region. 13.
  • At least one of the plurality of protruding crystals is a first region surrounded by the first layer; a second region surrounded by the second layer, The composition in the first region and the composition in the second region are different from each other. Attachment (1) or (2) of the coated tool.
  • At least one of the plurality of protruding crystals has a height of 500 nm or more. A coated tool according to any one of appendices (1) to (3).
  • At least one of the plurality of protruding crystals has an aspect ratio of 0.1 or more and 1 or less.
  • the first layer is A metal component including Ti and Al; at least one element selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen;
  • the second layer is A metal component including Ti and Al; at least one element selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen; the first composition and the second composition are different from each other;
  • At least one of the plurality of protruding crystals is a first region surrounded by the first layer; a second region surrounded by the second layer, the first region has the first composition; the second region has the second composition;
  • Covered tool Chip body 5 Through hole 10
  • Base body 20
  • Covering layer 21
  • First layer (wear-resistant layer) 22
  • Second layer (middle layer) 23
  • Third layer (adhesion layer) 30 protruding crystal 70 holder 73 pocket 75 screw 100 cutting tool 201 corner portion A, B, C apex D1 primary boundary wear D2 secondary boundary wear D3 abrasive wear D4 crater wear H foot of perpendicular CC circumscribed circle IC inscribed circle

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
PCT/JP2024/007905 2023-03-03 2024-03-01 被覆工具および切削工具 Ceased WO2024185718A1 (ja)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09174304A (ja) * 1995-12-25 1997-07-08 Mitsubishi Materials Corp 耐チッピング性のすぐれた表面被覆超硬合金製切削工具
JP2008238314A (ja) * 2007-03-27 2008-10-09 Kyocera Corp 切削工具およびその製造方法並びに切削方法
JP2015160259A (ja) * 2014-02-26 2015-09-07 三菱マテリアル株式会社 耐摩耗性にすぐれた表面被覆切削工具
JP2016064470A (ja) * 2014-09-25 2016-04-28 三菱マテリアル株式会社 耐チッピング性、耐摩耗性にすぐれた表面被覆切削工具
JP2017042901A (ja) * 2016-01-08 2017-03-02 住友電工ハードメタル株式会社 表面被覆切削工具

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09174304A (ja) * 1995-12-25 1997-07-08 Mitsubishi Materials Corp 耐チッピング性のすぐれた表面被覆超硬合金製切削工具
JP2008238314A (ja) * 2007-03-27 2008-10-09 Kyocera Corp 切削工具およびその製造方法並びに切削方法
JP2015160259A (ja) * 2014-02-26 2015-09-07 三菱マテリアル株式会社 耐摩耗性にすぐれた表面被覆切削工具
JP2016064470A (ja) * 2014-09-25 2016-04-28 三菱マテリアル株式会社 耐チッピング性、耐摩耗性にすぐれた表面被覆切削工具
JP2017042901A (ja) * 2016-01-08 2017-03-02 住友電工ハードメタル株式会社 表面被覆切削工具

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