WO2024104473A1 - 化合物及其在光电领域的应用 - Google Patents

化合物及其在光电领域的应用 Download PDF

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WO2024104473A1
WO2024104473A1 PCT/CN2023/132406 CN2023132406W WO2024104473A1 WO 2024104473 A1 WO2024104473 A1 WO 2024104473A1 CN 2023132406 W CN2023132406 W CN 2023132406W WO 2024104473 A1 WO2024104473 A1 WO 2024104473A1
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organic
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French (fr)
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潘君友
何双
祝炬烨
穆赫林豪斯马库斯
穆勒克劳斯
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浙江光昊光电科技有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C211/57—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C211/61—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems of the carbon skeleton with at least one of the condensed ring systems formed by three or more rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D407/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00
    • C07D407/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed systems contains four or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F5/02—Boron compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K9/00—Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
    • C09K9/02—Organic tenebrescent materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
    • H10K50/12—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers comprising dopants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of organic optoelectronic materials and devices, and in particular to a compound, a polymer, a composition, a mixture, an organic functional material film and an optoelectronic device containing the compound, and applications thereof in the optoelectronic field.
  • the narrower the half-peak width of the light entering the human eye the higher the color purity and the brighter the color.
  • Display devices made with red, green and blue primary colors with narrow half-peak width have a large color gamut, realistic images and good image quality.
  • the first method is that the display device actively emits red, green and blue primary colors of light, such as RGB-OLED display.
  • the current mature technology is to use vacuum evaporation of fine metal masks to make three-color light-emitting devices. The process is complex and the cost is high, and it is difficult to achieve a high-resolution display of more than 600ppi.
  • the second method is to use a color converter to convert the single color light emitted by the light-emitting device into multiple colors, thereby achieving full-color display, such as Samsung's blue light OLED plus red and green quantum dot (QD) film as a color converter.
  • QD quantum dot
  • the light-emitting device in this method has a simple process and high yield, and the color converter can be realized through different technologies such as evaporation, inkjet printing, transfer, and lithography. It can be applied to display products with different resolution requirements, as low as 50ppi for large-size TVs and as high as 3000ppi for silicon-based micro displays.
  • inorganic nanocrystals commonly known as quantum dots
  • quantum dots are nanoparticles (especially quantum dots) of inorganic semiconductor materials (InP, CdSe, CdS, ZnSe, etc.) with a diameter between 2nm and 8nm.
  • quantum dots are nanoparticles (especially quantum dots) of inorganic semiconductor materials (InP, CdSe, CdS, ZnSe, etc.) with a diameter between 2nm and 8nm.
  • quantum dots are nanoparticles (especially quantum dots) of inorganic semiconductor materials (InP, CdSe, CdS, ZnSe, etc.) with a diameter between 2nm and 8nm.
  • the half-peak width of the luminescence peak of quantum dots containing Cd is currently between 25nm and 40nm, and the color purity can meet the display requirements of NTSC.
  • the half-peak width of quantum dots without Cd is between 35nm and 75nm.
  • the second type is organic dyes, including various organic conjugated small molecules with chromophores.
  • the extinction coefficient of such organic dyes is generally higher than that of quantum dots, but due to the existence of thermal relaxation within the molecule and the large vibration energy in the organic molecule, the luminescence peak of this type of material is wider, generally with a half-peak width of more than 60nm.
  • the inventor proposed the host-guest concept for the color conversion layer in the patent application with application number CN202110370887.3, and used an organic material with a high molar extinction coefficient as the host to absorb the light of the light-emitting unit and transfer it to the luminescent guest with a narrow luminescence spectrum, thereby realizing a thinner color conversion layer.
  • the organic material as the host is often not stable enough, including the light stability and thermal stability, which still need to be greatly improved.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a compound, a composition, a mixture, an organic functional material film, an optoelectronic device containing the same, and use thereof in an organic light-emitting device.
  • the present invention provides a compound comprising a structural unit represented by chemical formula (I),
  • R 1 to R 4 may be identical or different and may be selected from H, D, or a linear alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy group having 1 to 20 C atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, silyl group having 3 to 20 C atoms, or a keto group having 1 to 20 C atoms, or an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 C atoms, or an aryloxycarbonyl group having 4 to 20 C atoms, or a cyano, carbamoyl, haloformyl, formyl, isocyano, isocyanate, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, hydroxyl, NO 2 , CF 3 , Cl, Br, F, I, a cross-linkable group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having
  • At least three of R 1 to R 4 are the same or different and are selected from one of the chemical formulas (I-1) to (I-4):
  • * represents the connection site with pyrene
  • Ar 1 is the same or different and is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic groups having 8 to 24 ring atoms
  • Ar 2 to Ar 6 are the same or different and are selected from substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic groups having 5 to 24 ring atoms, and the chemical formula (I-2) contains at least one electron withdrawing group;
  • R 11 to R 16 are substituents which may be identical or different on each occurrence and are selected from linear alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy groups having 1 to 20 C atoms, or branched or cyclic alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, silyl groups having 3 to 20 C atoms, or keto groups having 1 to 20 C atoms, or alkoxycarbonyl groups having 2 to 20 C atoms, or aryloxycarbonyl groups having 4 to 20 C atoms, or cyano, carbamoyl, haloformyl, formyl, isocyano, isocyanate, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, hydroxyl, NO 2 , CF 3 , Cl, Br, F, I, a crosslinkable group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40 ring atoms, or an aryl
  • the present invention also provides a polymer comprising at least one repeating unit, wherein the repeating unit comprises a structure corresponding to the compound as described above.
  • the present invention also provides a mixture comprising at least one compound or polymer as described above and another functional material, wherein the other functional material is selected from organic functional materials, which can be selected from hole (also known as electron hole) injection material (HIM), hole transport material (HTM), hole blocking material (HBM), electron injection material (EIM), electron transport material (ETM), electron blocking material (EBM), organic matrix material (Host), singlet light emitter (fluorescent light emitter), triplet light emitter (phosphorescent light emitter), thermally excited delayed fluorescence material (TADF material) and organic dye.
  • hole also known as electron hole
  • HTM hole transport material
  • HBM hole blocking material
  • EIM electron injection material
  • ETM electron transport material
  • EBM electron blocking material
  • organic matrix material Host
  • singlet light emitter fluorescent light emitter
  • triplet light emitter phosphorescent light emitter
  • TADF material thermally excited delayed fluorescence material
  • the present invention also provides a composition comprising at least one compound or polymer or mixture as described above, at least one organic solvent, and/or an organic resin.
  • the present invention also provides an organic functional material film, which comprises a compound or polymer or mixture as described above, or is prepared using a composition as described above.
  • the present invention also provides a photoelectric device, comprising the compound or polymer or mixture as described above, or an organic functional material film.
  • the present invention also provides an organic light-emitting device, which comprises, from bottom to top, a substrate, a first electrode, an organic light-emitting layer, a second electrode, a color conversion layer and an encapsulation layer, wherein the second electrode is at least partially transparent, and is characterized in that: 1) The color conversion layer comprises one of the above-mentioned compounds or polymers, and a luminescent body E; 2) the color conversion layer at least partially absorbs the light emitted by the above organic light-emitting layer through the second electrode; 3) the luminescence spectrum of the compound or polymer is on the short wavelength side of the absorption spectrum of the luminescent body E, and at least partially overlaps with each other; 4) the half-peak width of the luminescence spectrum of the luminescent body E is less than or equal to 55nm.
  • a compound according to the present invention has a large solubility, which is convenient for preparing inks for printing or coating processes and is green and environmentally friendly; after film formation, its absorption and luminescence spectra have a small or basically no red shift; at the same time, it has high stability, especially light stability; and has a large extinction coefficient, which is convenient for preparing a thinner color converter for realizing a display with a high color gamut.
  • Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a red, green and blue three-color display device
  • FIG9 Absorption and emission spectra of a thin film of compound 5;
  • FIG12 Absorption and emission spectra of toluene solution of compound 9;
  • FIG13 Absorption and emission spectra of a thin film of compound 9
  • FIG15 Absorption and emission spectra of the thin film of compound 13;
  • Figure 16 Absorption and emission spectra of toluene solution of compound 14;
  • FIG17 Absorption and emission spectra of the thin film of compound 14;
  • FIG19 Absorption and emission spectra of the thin film of compound 15;
  • FIG23 Absorption and emission spectra of the thin film of compound 17;
  • Figure 26 Absorption and emission spectra of toluene solution of compound 20;
  • FIG27 Absorption and emission spectra of the thin film of compound 20;
  • FIG32 Absorption and emission spectra of the film of Comparative Example 1;
  • Figure 33 Absorption attenuation graph of toluene solutions of compounds 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 13, 15, 16, 20 and comparative example 2 after UV irradiation;
  • Figure 34 Brightness attenuation diagram of the thin films of Compound 8 and Comparative Example 1 after blue light illumination
  • Figure 35 Spectrum of top-emitting blue OLED + resin CCL
  • Figure 36 Spectrum of bottom-emitting blue OLED + resin CCL.
  • main material, matrix material, host material and matrix material have the same meaning and can be interchangeable.
  • metal organic complex metal organic complex and organometallic complex have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably.
  • composition printing ink, ink and ink have the same meaning and can be interchangeable.
  • the present invention provides a compound comprising a structural unit represented by chemical formula (I),
  • R 1 to R 4 may be identical or different and may be selected from H, D, or a linear alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy group having 1 to 20 C atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, silyl group having 3 to 20 C atoms, or a keto group having 1 to 20 C atoms, or an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 C atoms, or an aryloxycarbonyl group having 4 to 20 C atoms, or a cyano, carbamoyl, haloformyl, formyl, isocyano, isocyanate, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, hydroxyl, NO 2 , CF 3 , Cl, Br, F, I, a cross-linkable group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having
  • the invention is characterized in that at least three of R 1 to R 4 are the same or different and are selected from one of the chemical formulas (I-1) to (I-4):
  • * represents the connection site with pyrene
  • Ar 1 is the same or different and is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic groups having 8 to 24 ring atoms
  • Ar 2 to Ar 6 are the same or different and are selected from substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic groups having 5 to 24 ring atoms, and the chemical formula (I-2) contains at least one electron withdrawing group;
  • R 11 to R 16 are substituents which, at each occurrence, may be identical or different and are selected from linear alkane radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy group, or a branched or cyclic alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, silyl group having 3 to 20 C atoms, or a keto group having 1 to 20 C atoms, or an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 C atoms, or an aryloxycarbonyl group having 4 to 20 C atoms, or a cyano, carbamoyl, haloformyl, formyl, isocyano, isocyanate, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, hydroxyl, NO 2 , CF 3 , Cl, Br, F, I, a crosslinkable group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring
  • R 1 -R 4 are the same or different and are selected from one of the chemical formulae (I-1)-(I-4).
  • three of the above R 1 -R 4 are selected from the same structural unit.
  • R 1 -R 4 R 1 and R 3 or R 2 and R 4 are selected from the same structural unit.
  • R 1 -R 4 R 1 and R 4 or R 2 and R 3 are selected from the same structural unit.
  • the above R 1 -R 4 are selected from the same structural unit.
  • R 11 -R 16 when they appear each time, may be the same or different and selected from a linear alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy group having 1 to 10 C atoms, or a branched or cyclic alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy group having 3 to 10 C atoms, a silyl group, or a keto group having 1 to 10 C atoms, or an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 10 C atoms, or an aryloxycarbonyl group having 6 to 10 C atoms, or a cyano group, a carbamoyl group, a haloformyl group, a formyl group, an isocyano group, an isocyanate group, a thiocyanate group, an isothiocyanate group, a hydroxyl group, NO 2 , or a CF 3 , Cl, Br, F, I,
  • aromatic ring systems contain 6 to 20 carbon atoms in the ring system and heteroaromatic ring systems contain 1 to 20 carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom in the ring system, provided that the total number of carbon atoms and heteroatoms is at least 5.
  • the heteroatoms are preferably selected from Si, N, P, O, S and/or Ge, particularly preferably from Si, N, P, O and/or S.
  • aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems include not only systems of aromatic or heteroaromatic radicals, but also systems in which a plurality of aromatic or heteroaromatic radicals may also be interrupted by short non-aromatic units ( ⁇ 10% non-H atoms, preferably less than 5% non-H atoms, such as C, N or O atoms).
  • systems such as 9,9′-spirobifluorene, 9,9-diarylfluorene, triarylamines, diaryl ethers, etc. are likewise considered to be aromatic ring systems for the purposes of the present invention.
  • the H atoms on the compounds of the present invention may be substituted by R20 groups, wherein R20 is defined as R11 above, preferably, (1) C1-C10 alkyl, particularly preferably the following groups: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclobutyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, n-heptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl, cyclooctyl, 2-methylheptyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, vinyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, cyclopentenyl, hexenyl,
  • aromatic and heteroaromatic ring systems are taken to mean, in particular, biphenylene, terphenylene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, dihydrophenanthrene, tetrahydropyrene and cis- or trans-indenofluorene, in addition to the aryl and heteroaryl radicals mentioned above.
  • Ar 1 in chemical formula (I-1) is selected from one or a combination of the following structural formulas, which may be further substituted:
  • X1 - X8 are selected from CR32 or N;
  • 33 may be selected, at each occurrence, identically or differently, from H, D, or a linear alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy radical having 1 to 20 C atoms, or a branche
  • Ar 1 is naphthyl
  • Ar2 - Ar6 are the same or different and are selected from aromatic or heteroaromatic groups having 5 to 20 ring atoms in each occurrence; preferably selected from aromatic or heteroaromatic groups having 5 to 18 ring atoms; more preferably selected from aromatic or heteroaromatic groups having 5 to 15 ring atoms; most preferably selected from aromatic or heteroaromatic groups having 5 to 10 ring atoms; they may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or two R20 groups.
  • Preferred aryl or heteroaryl groups are benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyridine, benzofuran, pyrene or thiophene.
  • Ar 2 -Ar 6 when present at each time, are independently selected from the following structural formula:
  • X0 is CR40 or N
  • R40 to R42 are as defined above for R30 .
  • Ar 2 -Ar 6 when present at each time, are independently selected from one or a combination of the following chemical structures, and may be further arbitrarily substituted:
  • Ar 2 to Ar 6 are phenyl groups.
  • Ar 3 or Ar 4 in formula (I-2) is selected from an electron withdrawing group or is substituted by an electron withdrawing group.
  • Ar 3 and Ar 4 are selected from an electron withdrawing group or are substituted with an electron withdrawing group.
  • Ar 4 is selected from an electron withdrawing group or is substituted with an electron withdrawing group.
  • chemical formula (I-2) contains two electron withdrawing groups.
  • chemical formula (I-2) contains three electron-withdrawing groups.
  • chemical formula (I-2) contains three or more electron-withdrawing groups.
  • the electron withdrawing group may be selected from F, cyano, a partially or fully fluorinated alkyl chain, or one of the following groups:
  • n 1, 2 or 3;
  • the compounds of the present invention contain -F.
  • the compounds of the present invention contain -CN.
  • the compounds of the present invention contain the following groups:
  • R 13 and R 14 in Formula (I-3) are selected from different groups.
  • R 13 and R 14 in formula (I-3) are selected from the same group.
  • R 13 and R 14 in Chemical Formula (I-3) are identically selected from one of methyl, ethyl or isopropyl.
  • R 13 -R 16 in Formula (I-4) are selected from the same or different groups.
  • R 13 and R 14 or R 15 and R 16 in formula (I-4) are selected from the same group.
  • R 13 to R 16 in Chemical Formula (I-4) are selected from the same group.
  • R 13 to R 16 in the chemical formula (I-4) are identically selected from methyl groups.
  • the total amount of the SP 3 hybridized groups does not exceed 50% of the total molecular weight, more preferably does not exceed 30%, and most preferably does not exceed 20%.
  • the presence of fewer SP 3 hybridized groups can effectively ensure the thermal stability of the compound, and thus ensure the stability of the device.
  • the total amount of SP3 hybridized groups in the compounds of the present invention exceeds 20% of the total molecular weight, preferably exceeds 30%, more preferably exceeds 40%, and most preferably exceeds 50%.
  • the compound has a higher extinction coefficient.
  • the extinction coefficient is also called the molar extinction coefficient, which refers to the extinction coefficient when the concentration is 1 mol/L, represented by the symbol ⁇ , unit: Lmol -1 cm -1 , preferred extinction coefficient: ⁇ ⁇ 1*10 3 ; more preferred: ⁇ ⁇ 1*10 4 ; more preferred: ⁇ ⁇ 2*10 4 ; more preferred: ⁇ ⁇ 3*10 4 ; particularly preferred: ⁇ ⁇ 5*10 4 ; most preferred: ⁇ ⁇ 1*10 5.
  • the extinction coefficient refers to the extinction coefficient at the wavelength corresponding to the absorption peak.
  • the compound has a higher fluorescence luminescence efficiency, and its fluorescence quantum efficiency (PLQY) is ⁇ 60%, preferably ⁇ 65%, more preferably ⁇ 70%, even better ⁇ 80%, and most preferably ⁇ 90%.
  • PLQY fluorescence quantum efficiency
  • HOMO, LUMO and resonance factor intensity f play a key role in the energy level structure of organic materials. The determination of these parameters is introduced below.
  • HOMO and LUMO energy levels can be measured by photoelectric effects, such as XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and UPS (ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy) or by cyclic voltammetry (hereafter referred to as CV).
  • photoelectric effects such as XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and UPS (ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy) or by cyclic voltammetry (hereafter referred to as CV).
  • CV cyclic voltammetry
  • quantum chemical methods such as density functional theory (hereafter referred to as DFT) have also become effective methods for calculating molecular orbital energy levels.
  • DFT density functional theory
  • the resonance factor intensity f can also be obtained through quantum simulation calculations (such as Time-dependent DFT).
  • the absolute values of HOMO and LUMO depend on the measurement method or calculation method used. Even for the same method, different evaluation methods, such as the starting point and the peak point on the CV curve, may give different HOMO/LUMO values. Therefore, a reasonable and meaningful comparison should be made using the same measurement method and the same evaluation method.
  • the values of HOMO and LUMO are based on the simulation of Time-dependent DFT, but do not affect the application of other measurement or calculation methods.
  • the compound has a lower HOMO, generally ⁇ -4.6 eV, preferably ⁇ -4.7 eV, more preferably ⁇ -4.8 eV, even more preferably ⁇ -4.9 eV, particularly preferably ⁇ -5.1 eV, most preferably ⁇ -5.2 eV.
  • the compound has a larger resonance factor f(Sn) (n ⁇ 1); generally f(S1) ⁇ 0.10, preferably ⁇ 0.20, more preferably ⁇ 0.30, even more preferably ⁇ 0.40, particularly preferably ⁇ 0.50, most preferably ⁇ 0.60.
  • the resonance factor f(Sn) can be calculated by the following method.
  • f(S1) is ⁇ 0.70, preferably ⁇ 0.80, more preferably ⁇ 0.90, even more preferably ⁇ 1.00, particularly preferably ⁇ 1.2, most preferably ⁇ 1.6.
  • the compound has a high solubility in an organic solvent.
  • the solubility of the compound is generally ⁇ 10 mg/mL, preferably ⁇ 20 mg/mL, preferably ⁇ 40 mg/mL, more preferably ⁇ 70 mg/mL, even more preferably ⁇ 100 mg/mL, and most preferably ⁇ 150/mL.
  • the present invention also relates to a polymer comprising at least one repeating unit, characterized in that the repeating unit comprises a structure corresponding to the above compound.
  • the polymer is a side chain polymer, comprising a repeating unit as shown in chemical formula (II), wherein U has a structure corresponding to the above compound, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • the content of the repeating unit U in the polymer is from 0.1 mol % to 100 mol %.
  • the content of repeating unit U in the polymer is from 1 mol% to 90 mol%, preferably from 10 mol% to 90 mol%, more preferably from 20 mol% to 80 mol%, more preferably from 30 mol% to 70 mol%, and most preferably from 40 mol% to 60 mol%.
  • the present invention also provides a mixture, comprising at least one compound or polymer as described above, and another functional material.
  • the another functional material is selected from organic functional materials, which can be selected from hole (also known as electric hole) injection material (HIM), hole transport material (HTM), hole blocking material (HBM), electron injection material (EIM), electron transport material (ETM), electron blocking material (EBM), organic matrix material (Host), singlet luminophore (fluorescent luminophore), triplet luminophore (phosphorescent luminophore), thermally excited delayed fluorescence material (TADF material) and organic dye.
  • hole also known as electric hole
  • HIM hole transport material
  • HBM hole blocking material
  • EIM electron injection material
  • ETM electron transport material
  • EBM electron blocking material
  • organic matrix material Host
  • singlet luminophore fluorescent luminophore
  • triplet luminophore phosphorescent luminophore
  • thermally excited delayed fluorescence material TADF material
  • the mixture comprises a compound or polymer according to the present invention and a luminescent material.
  • the compound or polymer according to the present invention can be used as the host material, and the luminescent material has a weight percentage of ⁇ 15wt%, preferably ⁇ 12wt%, more preferably ⁇ 9wt%, more preferably ⁇ 8wt%, and most preferably ⁇ 7wt%.
  • the luminescent material is selected from organic fluorescent light emitters.
  • fluorescent emitters also called singlet emitters
  • the singlet emitter can be selected from monostyrylamine, distyrylamine, tristyrylamine, tetrastyrylamine, styrylphosphine, styrylether and aromatic amine.
  • a monostyrylamine is a compound comprising an unsubstituted or substituted styryl group and at least one amine, preferably an aromatic amine.
  • a distyrylamine is a compound comprising two unsubstituted or substituted styryl groups and at least one amine, preferably an aromatic amine.
  • a tert-styrylamine is a compound comprising three unsubstituted or substituted styryl groups and at least one amine, preferably an aromatic amine.
  • a tetrastyrylamine is a compound comprising four unsubstituted or substituted styryl groups and at least one amine, preferably an aromatic amine.
  • a preferred styrene is diphenylethylene, which may be further substituted.
  • the corresponding phosphines and ethers are defined similarly to the amines.
  • An arylamine or aromatic amine is a compound comprising three unsubstituted or substituted aromatic or heterocyclic ring systems directly attached to the nitrogen. At least one of these aromatic or heterocyclic ring systems is preferably a fused ring system and preferably has at least 14 aromatic ring atoms.
  • Preferred examples are aromatic anthraceneamines, aromatic anthracene diamines, aromatic pyrene amines, aromatic pyrene diamines, aromatic chrysene amines and aromatic chrysene diamines.
  • An aromatic anthraceneamine is a compound wherein one diarylamine group is directly attached to anthracene, preferably at the 9 position.
  • An aromatic anthracenediamine is a compound wherein two diarylamine groups are directly attached to anthracene, preferably at the 9,10 positions.
  • Aromatic pyreneamines, aromatic pyrenediamines, aromatic chryseneamines and aromatic chrysenediamines are similarly defined, wherein the diarylamine groups are preferably attached to the 1 or 1,6 positions of the pyrene.
  • Further preferred singlet emitters can be selected from indenofluorene-amines and indenofluorene-diamines, as disclosed in WO 2006/122630, benzindenofluorene-amines and benzindenofluorene-diamines, as disclosed in WO 2008/006449, and dibenzoindenofluorene-amines and dibenzoindenofluorene-diamines, as disclosed in WO 2007/140847.
  • polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds especially derivatives of the following compounds: anthracenes such as 9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene, naphthalene, tetraphenylene, xanthene, phenanthrene, pyrene (such as 2,5,8,11-tetra-t-butylperylene), indenopyrene, benzo-fused rings such as (4,4'-bis(9-ethyl-3-carbazole vinyl)-1,1'-biphenyl), diindenopyrene, decacyclopentene, hexabenzophenone, fluorene, spirobifluorene, arylpyrene (such as US20060222886), arylenevinylene (such as US5121 029, US5130603), cyclopentadiene such as tetraphenylcyclopentadiene, rubrene
  • anthracenes such as 9,10-d
  • the mixture comprises a compound or polymer described in the present invention (as a main material H) and a luminophore E, wherein 1) the luminescence spectrum of the compound (main material H) or polymer is on the short wavelength side of the absorption spectrum of the luminophore E and at least partially overlaps with each other; 2) the half maximum width (FWHM) of the luminescence spectrum of the luminophore E is less than or equal to 55 nm.
  • a compound or polymer described in the present invention as a main material H
  • a luminophore E wherein 1) the luminescence spectrum of the compound (main material H) or polymer is on the short wavelength side of the absorption spectrum of the luminophore E and at least partially overlaps with each other; 2) the half maximum width (FWHM) of the luminescence spectrum of the luminophore E is less than or equal to 55 nm.
  • the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the light emission spectrum of the luminophore E is ⁇ 50 nm, preferably ⁇ 40 nm, more preferably ⁇ 35 nm, most preferably ⁇ 30 nm.
  • the luminescent body E has a fluorescence quantum efficiency (PLQY) of ⁇ 60%, preferably ⁇ 65%, more preferably ⁇ 70%, and most preferably ⁇ 80%.
  • PLQY fluorescence quantum efficiency
  • the luminophore E is an organic luminophore having a structure shown in chemical formula (1) or (2):
  • Ar 1 -Ar 3 are the same or different and are selected from aromatic or heteroaromatic groups having 5-24 ring atoms;
  • Ar 4 -Ar 5 are the same or different and are selected from empty or aromatic or heteroaromatic groups having 5-24 ring atoms; when Ar 4 -Ar 5 is not empty, X a and X b are independently selected from N, C(R 6 ), Si(R 6 ) at each occurrence, and Ya and Y b are independently selected from B, P ⁇ O, C(R 6 ), Si(R 6 ); when Ar 4 or Ar 5 is empty, X b is selected from N, C(R 6 ), Si(R 6 ), Ya is selected from B, P ⁇ O, C(R 6 ), Si(R 6 ), and X a and Y b are independently selected from N(R 6 ), C(R 6 R 7 ), Si(R 6 R 7 ), C ⁇ O, O, C ⁇ N(R 6 ), C ⁇ C(R 6 R 7 ), P
  • R 1 -R 7 are identical or different and are selected from substituents independently selected from H, D, or linear alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy groups having 1 to 20 C atoms, or branched or cyclic alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, silyl groups having 3 to 20 C atoms, or substituted keto groups having 1 to 20 C atoms, or alkoxycarbonyl groups having 2 to 20 C atoms, or aryloxycarbonyl groups having 7 to 20 C atoms, or cyano, carbamoyl, haloformyl, formyl, isocyano, isocyanate, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, hydroxyl, NO 2 , CF 3 , Cl, Br, F, I, a cross-linkable group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40
  • organic light-emitting bodies represented by chemical formula (1) or (2) include those disclosed in patent applications with application numbers CN20201109557.7 and CN202110370887.3, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
  • the emitter E can also be further selected from organic compounds (derivatives of bodipy) having the following structural formula:
  • X is CR 18 or N;
  • R 10 -R 18 are each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxyl, thiol, alkoxy, alkylthio, aryl ether, aryl thioether, aryl, heteroaryl, halogen, cyano, aldehyde, carbonyl, carboxyl, oxycarboxyl, carbamoyl, amino, nitro, silyl, siloxane, borane, phosphine oxide, and R 10 -R 18 can form a condensed ring and an aliphatic ring with adjacent substituents.
  • R 16 and R 17 are independently selected from electron withdrawing groups.
  • Suitable electron withdrawing groups include, but are not limited to, F, Cl, cyano, partially or fully fluorinated alkyl chains, or one of the following groups:
  • X 1 -X 8 , M 1 , M 2 , M 3 , R 50 , R 51 and n are as defined above.
  • Bodipy derivatives include, but are not limited to:
  • the luminophore E is an inorganic nanoluminophore, as disclosed in the patent application with application number CN202110370819.7, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
  • the present invention also provides a composition comprising at least one compound or polymer or mixture according to the present invention, at least one organic solvent, and/or an organic resin.
  • the composition comprises one organic resin; in other embodiments, it comprises two or more organic resins; in other embodiments, it comprises three or more organic resins.
  • the organic resin refers to a resin prepolymer or a resin formed after crosslinking or curing.
  • Organic resins suitable for the present invention include, but are not limited to, polystyrene, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polybutylene, polyethylene glycol, polysiloxane, polyacrylate, epoxy resin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polystyrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl butyrate (PVB), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide, polyoxymethylene, polyimide, polyetherimide or mixtures thereof.
  • organic resin suitable for the present invention includes but is not limited to the following monomers (resin prepolymers) homopolymerized or copolymerized Formation: styrene derivatives, acrylate derivatives, acrylonitrile derivatives, acrylamide derivatives, vinyl ester derivatives, vinyl ether derivatives, maleimide derivatives, conjugated diene derivatives.
  • styrene derivatives are alkylstyrenes such as ⁇ -methylstyrene, o-, m- and p-methylstyrene, p-butylstyrene, especially p-tert-butylstyrene, and alkoxystyrenes such as p-methoxystyrene, p-butoxystyrene and p-tert-butoxystyrene.
  • alkylstyrenes such as ⁇ -methylstyrene, o-, m- and p-methylstyrene
  • p-butylstyrene especially p-tert-butylstyrene
  • alkoxystyrenes such as p-methoxystyrene, p-butoxystyrene and p-tert-butoxystyrene.
  • acrylate derivatives include methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl acrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, isopropyl acrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, sec-butyl acrylate, sec-butyl methacrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl
  • acrylonitrile derivatives examples are acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, ⁇ -chloroacrylonitrile and vinylidene cyanide.
  • acrylamide derivatives examples are acrylamide, methacrylamide, ⁇ -chloroacrylamide, N-2-hydroxyethylacrylamide and N-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylamide.
  • vinyl ester derivatives are vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate and vinyl benzoate.
  • vinyl ether derivatives examples are vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether and allyl glycidyl ether.
  • maleimide derivatives are maleimide, benzylmaleimide, N-phenylmaleimide and N-cyclohexylmaleimide.
  • conjugated diene derivatives are: 1,3-butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene.
  • the homopolymer or copolymer can be prepared by free radical polymerization, cationic polymerization, anionic polymerization or organometallic catalytic polymerization (such as Ziegler-Natta catalysis).
  • the polymerization process can be suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, solution polymerization or bulk polymerization.
  • the organic resin generally has an average molar mass Mn (determined by GPC) of 10,000 to 1,000,000 g/mol, preferably 20,000 to 750,000 g/mol, more preferably 30,000 to 500,000 g/mol.
  • the organic resin is a thermosetting resin or an ultraviolet (UV) curable resin. In some embodiments, the organic resin is cured using a method that will facilitate roll-to-roll processing.
  • thermosetting resins require curing, during which they undergo an irreversible molecular cross-linking process that renders the resin infusible.
  • the thermosetting resin is an epoxy resin, a phenolic resin, a vinyl resin, a melamine resin, a urea-formaldehyde resin, Unsaturated polyester resin, polyurethane resin, allyl resin, acrylic resin, polyamide resin, polyamide-imide resin, phenolamine polycondensation resin, urea-melamine polycondensation resin or a combination thereof.
  • the thermosetting resin is an epoxy resin.
  • Epoxy resins are easy to cure without volatile emissions or byproducts from a wide range of chemicals. Epoxy resins are also compatible with most substrates and tend to wet the surface easily. See Boyle, M.A. et al., "Epoxy Resins", Composites, Vol. 21, ASM Handbook, pages 78-89 (2001).
  • the organic resin is a silicone thermosetting resin.
  • the silicone thermosetting resin is 0E6630A or 0E6630B (Dow Corning Corporation, Auburn, Michigan).
  • the composition comprises one solvent; in other embodiments, it comprises two or more solvents; in other embodiments, it comprises three or more solvents.
  • the composition according to the present invention is a solution.
  • composition according to the present invention is a suspension.
  • composition in the embodiment of the present invention may include 0.01wt% to 20wt% of the compound, preferably 0.1wt% to 20wt%, more preferably 0.2wt% to 20wt%, and most preferably 1wt% to 15wt% of the compound.
  • a color conversion layer can be formed by inkjet printing, transfer printing, photolithography and the like.
  • the color conversion material of the present invention needs to be dissolved in an organic solvent alone or together with other materials to form ink.
  • the mass concentration of the color conversion material of the present invention in the ink is not less than 0.1wt%.
  • the color conversion ability of the color conversion layer can be improved by adjusting the concentration of the color conversion material in the ink and the thickness of the color conversion layer. Generally speaking, the higher the concentration or the thicker the thickness of the color conversion material, the higher the color conversion rate of the color conversion layer.
  • materials that may be added to the ink include but are not limited to the following: polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene glycol, polysiloxane, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyrate, polyamide, polyoxymethylene, polyimide, polyetheretherketone, polysulfone, polyarylether, polyaramid, cellulose, modified cellulose, cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose or a mixture of the above materials.
  • the organic solvent is selected from esters, aromatic ketones or aromatic ethers, aliphatic ketones or aliphatic ethers, or inorganic ester compounds such as borate esters or phosphate esters, or a mixture of two or more solvents.
  • suitable and preferred solvents are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, amines, thiols, amides, nitriles, esters, ethers, polyethers, alcohols, diols or polyols.
  • alcohols represent an appropriate class of solvents.
  • Preferred alcohols include alkyl cyclohexanols, particularly methylated aliphatic alcohols, naphthols, and the like.
  • suitable alcohol solvents include: dodecanol, phenyl tridecanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, glycerol, propylene glycol, propylene glycol ethyl ether and the like.
  • the solvent may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more organic solvents.
  • the composition according to the present invention comprises a compound as described above and at least one organic solvent, and may further comprise another organic solvent.
  • the other organic solvent include (but are not limited to): methanol, ethanol, 2-methoxyethanol, dichloromethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, morpholine, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, 1,4-dioxane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 1,2-dichloroethane, 3-phenoxytoluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetralin, decalin, indene and/or mixture
  • the other organic solvent is selected from aromatic or heteroaromatic, esters, aromatic ketones or aromatic ethers, aliphatic ketones or aliphatic ethers, alicyclic or olefin compounds, or inorganic ester compounds such as borate or phosphate esters, or a mixture of two or more solvents.
  • aromatic or heteroaromatic solvents include, but are not limited to: 1-tetralone, 3-phenoxytoluene, Acetophenone, 1-methoxynaphthalene, p-diisopropylbenzene, pentylbenzene, tetralin, cyclohexylbenzene, chloronaphthalene, 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene, 3-isopropylbiphenyl, p-methylisopropylbenzene, dipentylbenzene, o-diethylbenzene, m-diethylbenzene, p-diethylbenzene, 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, butylbenzene, dodecylbenzene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 1,3-d
  • suitable and preferred another organic solvent is an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon, an amine, a thiol, an amide, a nitrile, an ester, an ether, a polyether.
  • the other organic solvent may be a cycloalkane, such as decalin.
  • a composition according to the present invention comprises at least 50 wt % of an alcohol solvent, preferably at least 80 wt % of an alcohol solvent, and particularly preferably at least 90 wt % of an alcohol solvent.
  • solvents particularly suitable for the present invention are solvents having a Hansen solubility parameter in the following ranges:
  • ⁇ d (dispersion force) is in the range of 17.0 to 23.2 MPa 1/2 , especially in the range of 18.5 to 21.0 MPa 1/2 ;
  • ⁇ p (polar force) is in the range of 0.2 to 12.5 MPa 1/2 , especially in the range of 2.0 to 6.0 MPa 1/2 ;
  • ⁇ h (hydrogen bonding force) is in the range of 0.9 to 14.2 MPa 1/2 , and particularly in the range of 2.0 to 6.0 MPa 1/2 .
  • the organic solvent should be selected considering its boiling point parameter.
  • the boiling point of the organic solvent is ⁇ 150°C; preferably ⁇ 180°C; more preferably ⁇ 200°C; more preferably ⁇ 250°C; most preferably ⁇ 275°C or ⁇ 300°C. Boiling points within these ranges are beneficial for preventing nozzle clogging of the inkjet print head.
  • the organic solvent can be evaporated from the solvent system to form a film containing a functional material.
  • composition of the present invention according to a composition of the present invention,
  • the organic solvent should be selected considering its surface tension parameter.
  • the appropriate ink surface tension parameter is suitable for a specific substrate and a specific printing method.
  • the surface tension of the organic solvent at 25° C. is about 19 dyne/cm to 50 dyne/cm; more preferably, it is in the range of 22 dyne/cm to 35 dyne/cm; and most preferably, it is in the range of 25 dyne/cm to 33 dyne/cm.
  • the surface tension of the ink according to the present invention at 25°C is approximately in the range of 19 dyne/cm to 50 dyne/cm; more preferably in the range of 22 dyne/cm to 35 dyne/cm; and most preferably in the range of 25 dyne/cm to 33 dyne/cm.
  • the organic solvent should be selected in consideration of the viscosity parameter of the ink.
  • the viscosity can be adjusted by different methods, such as by selecting a suitable organic solvent and the concentration of the functional material in the ink.
  • the viscosity of the organic solvent is lower than 100 cps; more preferably lower than 50 cps; and most preferably 1.5 to 20 cps.
  • the viscosity here refers to the viscosity at the ambient temperature during printing, generally 15-30°C, preferably 18-28°C, more preferably 20-25°C, and most preferably 23-25°C.
  • the composition thus formulated will be particularly suitable for inkjet printing.
  • the composition according to the present invention has a viscosity at 25°C in the range of about 1 cps to 100 cps; more preferably in the range of 1 cps to 50 cps; and most preferably in the range of 1.5 cps to 20 cps.
  • the ink obtained from the organic solvent satisfying the above-mentioned boiling point, surface tension parameters and viscosity parameters can form a functional material film with uniform thickness and composition properties.
  • Salt compounds are difficult to purify and are likely to introduce impurities that affect the photoelectric performance.
  • the above-mentioned composition or mixture does not contain any salt compound, preferably does not contain any salt compound composed of organic acid and gold.
  • the present invention preferentially excludes organic acid salts containing transition metals and lanthanide elements.
  • the present invention further provides an organic functional material film, comprising a compound or polymer as described above, or a mixture, or prepared using a composition as described above.
  • the organic functional material film is prepared using a composition as described above.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing the organic functional material film, comprising the following steps:
  • the composition on a substrate to form a thin film by printing or coating, wherein the printing or coating method is selected from inkjet printing, nozzle printing, letterpress printing, screen printing, dip coating, spin coating, doctor blade coating, roller printing, torsional roller printing, lithography, flexographic printing, rotary printing, spraying, brushing or pad printing, slot extrusion coating;
  • the obtained film is heated at a temperature of at least 50° C. and optionally irradiated with ultraviolet light to cause a cross-linking reaction and solidify the film.
  • the thickness of the organic functional material film is generally 50nm-200 ⁇ m, preferably 100nm-150 ⁇ m, more preferably 500nm-100 ⁇ m, even more preferably 1 ⁇ m-50 ⁇ m, and most preferably 1 ⁇ m-20 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the organic functional material film is between 20nm-20 ⁇ m, preferably less than 15 ⁇ m, better less than 10 ⁇ m, even better less than 8 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than 6 ⁇ m, best less than 4 ⁇ m, and most preferably less than 2 ⁇ m.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide use of the above compound or mixture in optoelectronic devices.
  • the optoelectronic device can be selected from organic light emitting diodes (OLED), organic photovoltaic cells (OPV), organic light emitting cells (OLEEC), organic field effect transistors (OFET), organic light emitting field effect transistors, organic lasers, organic spin electronic devices, organic sensors and organic plasmon emitting diodes (Organic Plasmon Emitting Diode).
  • OLED organic light emitting diodes
  • OOV organic photovoltaic cells
  • OFET organic field effect transistors
  • organic light emitting field effect transistors organic lasers
  • organic spin electronic devices organic spin electronic devices
  • organic sensors and organic plasmon emitting diodes Organic Plasmon Emitting Diode
  • the present invention provides a photoelectric device comprising a compound or polymer or mixture or an organic functional material film as described above.
  • the optoelectronic device can be selected from organic light emitting diodes (OLED), organic photovoltaic cells (OPV), organic light emitting cells (OLEEC), organic field effect transistors (OFET), organic light emitting field effect transistors, organic lasers, organic spin electronic devices, organic sensors and organic plasmon emitting diodes (Organic Plasmon Emitting Diode).
  • OLED organic light emitting diodes
  • OOV organic photovoltaic cells
  • OFET organic field effect transistors
  • organic light emitting field effect transistors organic lasers
  • organic spin electronic devices organic spin electronic devices
  • organic sensors and organic plasmon emitting diodes Organic Plasmon Emitting Diode
  • the optoelectronic device is an electroluminescent device, such as an organic light emitting diode (OLED), an organic light emitting cell (OLEEC), an organic light emitting field effect tube, a perovskite light emitting diode (PeLED) and a quantum dot light emitting diode (QD-LED), wherein a functional layer comprises one of the above compounds or mixtures or an organic functional material film.
  • the functional layer can be selected from a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, a light emitting layer, and a cathode passivation layer (CPL).
  • the optoelectronic device is an electroluminescent device comprising two electrodes, and the functional layer is located on the same side of the two electrodes.
  • the optoelectronic device comprises a light-emitting unit and a color conversion layer, wherein the color conversion layer comprises one of the above-mentioned compounds or mixtures or a thin film of an organic functional material.
  • the light-emitting unit is selected from solid-state light-emitting devices.
  • the solid-state light-emitting devices are preferably selected from LEDs, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic light-emitting cells (OLEECs), organic light-emitting field-effect transistors, perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs), quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) and nanorod LEDs (nanorod LEDs, see DOI: 10.1038/srep28312).
  • the light emitting unit emits blue light, which is converted into green light by the color conversion layer.
  • the light emitting unit emits green light, which is converted into yellow light or red light by the color conversion layer.
  • the present invention further relates to a display comprising at least three kinds of pixels, red, green and blue.
  • the blue pixel comprises a blue light emitting unit
  • the red and green pixels comprise a blue light emitting unit and corresponding red and green color conversion layers.
  • the present invention further relates to an organic light-emitting device, which comprises, from bottom to top, a substrate, a first electrode, an organic light-emitting layer, a second electrode, a color conversion layer and an encapsulation layer (e.g., the outermost encapsulation layer), wherein the second electrode is at least partially transparent, wherein: 1) the color conversion layer comprises a compound or polymer of the present invention and a luminescent body E; 2) the color conversion layer can at least partially absorb the light emitted by the organic light-emitting layer above and transmitted through the second electrode; 3) the luminescence spectrum of the compound or polymer is on the short wavelength side of the absorption spectrum of the luminescent body E, and at least partially overlaps with each other; 4) the half-maximum width (FWHM) of the luminescence spectrum of the luminescent body E is less than or equal to 55nm.
  • FWHM half-maximum width
  • the color conversion layer can absorb 30% or more, preferably 40% or more, and most preferably 45% or more of the light emitted by the organic light emitting layer and transmitted through the second electrode.
  • the color conversion layer can absorb 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, more preferably 99% or more, and most preferably 99.9% or more of the light emitted by the organic light-emitting layer through the second electrode.
  • the thickness of the color conversion layer is between 100 nm and 5 ⁇ m, preferably between 150 nm and 4 ⁇ m, more preferably between 200 nm and 3 ⁇ m, and most preferably between 200 nm and 2 ⁇ m.
  • the organic electroluminescent device is an OLED. More preferably, the first electrode is an anode and the second electrode is a cathode. Particularly preferably, the organic electroluminescent device is a top emission OLED.
  • the substrate can be opaque or transparent.
  • a transparent substrate can be used to make a transparent light-emitting device.
  • the substrate can be rigid or elastic.
  • the substrate can be plastic, metal, semiconductor wafer or glass. It is best that the substrate has a smooth surface. Substrates without surface defects are particularly ideal.
  • the substrate is flexible and can be selected from a polymer film or plastic, and its glass transition temperature (Tg) is above 150°C, preferably above 200°C, more preferably above 250°C, and preferably above 300°C.
  • Tg glass transition temperature
  • suitable flexible substrates are polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene glycol (2,6-naphthalene) (PEN).
  • the anode may include a conductive metal or metal oxide, or a conductive polymer.
  • the anode can easily inject holes into the hole injection layer (HIL) or the hole transport layer (HTL) or the light-emitting layer.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the work function of the anode and the HOMO energy level or valence band energy level of the light-emitting body in the light-emitting layer or the p-type semiconductor material as the HIL or HTL or the electron blocking layer (EBL) is less than 0.5 eV, preferably less than 0.3 eV, and most preferably less than 0.2 eV.
  • anode materials include, but are not limited to, Al, Cu, Au, Ag, Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Pd, Pt, ITO, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), etc.
  • suitable anode materials are known and can be easily selected for use by a person skilled in the art.
  • the anode material can be deposited using any suitable technique, such as a suitable physical vapor deposition method, including radio frequency magnetron sputtering, vacuum thermal evaporation, electron beam (e-beam), etc.
  • the anode is patterned. Patterned ITO conductive substrates are commercially available and can be used to prepare devices according to the present invention.
  • the cathode may include a conductive metal or metal oxide.
  • the cathode can easily inject electrons into the EIL or ETL or directly into the light-emitting layer.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the work function of the cathode and the LUMO energy level or conduction band energy level of the luminophore in the light-emitting layer or the n-type semiconductor material as the electron injection layer (EIL) or the electron transport layer (ETL) or the hole blocking layer (HBL) is less than 0.5 eV, preferably less than 0.3 eV, and most preferably less than 0.2 eV.
  • cathode materials examples include, but are not limited to, Al, Au, Ag, Ca, Ba, Mg, LiF/Al, MgAg alloy, BaF2 /Al, Cu, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Pd, Pt, ITO, etc.
  • the cathode material can be deposited using any suitable technique, such as a suitable physical vapor deposition method, including radio frequency magnetron sputtering, vacuum thermal evaporation, electron beam (e-beam), etc.
  • the cathode has a transmittance of ⁇ 40% in the range of 400nm-680nm, preferably ⁇ 45%, more preferably ⁇ 50%, and most preferably ⁇ 60%.
  • Mg:Ag alloy of 10nm-20nm can be used as a transparent cathode, and the ratio of Mg:Ag can be from 2:8 to 0.5:9.5.
  • the light-emitting layer preferably comprises a blue light fluorescent host and a blue light fluorescent guest.
  • the light-emitting layer comprises a blue phosphorescent host and a blue phosphorescent guest.
  • the OLED may also comprise other functional layers, such as a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an electron blocking layer (EBL), an electron injection layer (EIL), an electron transport layer (ETL), and a hole blocking layer (HBL).
  • HIL hole injection layer
  • HTL hole transport layer
  • EBL electron blocking layer
  • EIL electron injection layer
  • ETL electron transport layer
  • HBL hole blocking layer
  • the organic electroluminescent device also includes a cathode capping layer (CPL for short).
  • CPL cathode capping layer
  • the CPL is located between the second electrode and the color conversion layer.
  • the CPL is located above the color conversion layer.
  • Materials used for CPL generally need to have a higher refractive index n, such as n ⁇ 1.95@460nm, n ⁇ 1.90@520nm, n ⁇ 1.85@620nm.
  • Examples of materials used for CPL include:
  • CPL materials More examples can be found in the following patent documents: KR20140128653A, KR20140137231A, KR20140142021A, KR20140142923A, KR20140143618A, KR20140145370A, KR20150004099A, KR20150012835A, US9496520B2, US2015069350A1, CN10382 8485B, CN104380842B, CN105576143A, TW201506128A, CN103996794A, CN103996795A, CN104744450A, CN104752619A, CN101944570A, US2016308162A1, US9095033B2, US2014034942A1, WO2017014357A1; the above patent documents are hereby incorporated by reference into this article.
  • the color conversion layer contains one of the above-mentioned CPL materials.
  • the color conversion layer is formed by co-evaporation of one of the above-mentioned CPL materials, the above-mentioned compound (host material H) and the luminophore E.
  • the mass ratio of the above-mentioned compound (host material H) is 50%-20%, and the mass ratio of the above-mentioned luminophore E is 10%-15%.
  • the encapsulation layer is a thin film encapsulation (TFE).
  • the present invention further relates to a display panel, wherein at least one pixel comprises the above-mentioned organic electroluminescent device.
  • Iodobenzene (50.00 g, 245.1 mmol), 2,6-dimethylaniline (29.68 g, 245.1 mmol), palladium acetate (0.56 g, 2.45 mmol), tri-tert-butylphosphine (1 mL), sodium tert-butoxide (47.06 g, 490.2 mmol), and 500 mL of toluene were added to a 1000 mL dry and clean three-necked flask, and the mixture was evacuated and nitrogen-filled for three cycles, and heated to 100 ° C for reflux reaction for 5 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and ethyl acetate and saturated brine were added for extraction three times.
  • the intermediate 1a (39.00 g, 197.3 mmol), 1,3,6,8-tetrabromopyrene (22.7 g, 48.3 mmol), Pd-132 (0.62 g, 0.97 mmol), X-Phos (0.62 g), sodium tert-butoxide (16.8 g, 175.3 mmol), and 1 L of xylene were added to a 2000 mL dry and clean three-necked flask, and the mixture was vacuumed and nitrogen filled for three cycles, and then heated to 140 ° C for reflux reaction for 12 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and ethyl acetate and saturated brine were added for extraction three times.
  • the organic phase was concentrated, and the product was dissolved in hot toluene and passed through a heat-insulated silica gel column while hot.
  • the filtrate was collected and concentrated, and n-hexane was added for pulping, and the filter cake was washed with n-hexane to obtain 5.1 g of crude product.
  • the crude product was heated and pulped with tetrahydrofuran and filtered while hot to obtain 1 g of solid powder with a yield of 2.1%.
  • 2,6-dimethylaniline (50.00 g, 413.2 mmol), 2,6-dimethylbromobenzene (76 g, 413.2 mmol), palladium acetate (0.46 g, 2.05 mmol), tri-tert-butylphosphine (1 mL), sodium tert-butoxide (79.3 g, 826.04 mmol), and 500 mL of toluene were added to a 1000 mL dry and clean three-necked flask, and the mixture was evacuated and nitrogen-filled for three cycles, and heated to 100 ° C for reflux reaction for 2.5 hours.
  • the organic phase was concentrated, and the product was dissolved in hot toluene and passed through a heat-insulating silica gel column while hot.
  • the filtrate was collected and concentrated, and n-hexane was added for pulping, and suction was filtered.
  • the filter cake was washed with n-hexane to obtain 5 g of solid powder with a yield of 9.5%.
  • 2,6-dimethylaniline (50.00 g, 413.2 mmol), 4-tert-butyl bromobenzene (88.00 g, 413.2 mmol), palladium acetate (0.46 g, 2.05 mmol), tri-tert-butylphosphine (1 mL), sodium tert-butoxide (59.5 g, 619.83 mmol), and 500 mL of toluene were added to a 1000 mL dry and clean three-necked flask, and the mixture was evacuated and nitrogen-filled for three cycles, and heated to 100 ° C for reflux reaction for 2.5 hours.
  • the organic phase was concentrated, and the product was dissolved in hot toluene and passed through a heat-insulated silica gel column while hot.
  • the filtrate was collected and concentrated to obtain 25 g of crude product, and the crude product was recrystallized from xylene to obtain 20 g of solid powder with a yield of 42.8%.
  • the intermediate 4b (18 g, 50.14 mmol), 1,3,6,8-tetrabromopyrene (5.77 g, 11.14 mmol), Pd-132 (0.16 g, 0.23 mmol), S-Phos (0.16 g), sodium tert-butoxide (4.28 g, 44.58 mmol), and 250 mL of xylene were added to a 500 mL dry and clean three-necked flask, and the mixture was evacuated and nitrogen-filled for three cycles, and then heated to 140 ° C and refluxed for 14 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and dichloromethane and saturated brine were added for extraction three times.
  • 2,6-Dimethylaniline (21g, 173.55mmol), 3,5-di-tert-butylbromobenzene (47.00g, 174.72mmol), palladium acetate (0.19g, 0.85mmol), tri-tert-butylphosphine (1mL), sodium tert-butoxide (24.09g, 250.09mmol), 500mL toluene were added to a 1000mL dry and clean three-necked flask, vacuumed and nitrogen filled for three cycles, heated to 100°C and refluxed for 12 hours.
  • the intermediate 5a (53g, 171.52mmol), 1,3,6,8-tetrabromopyrene (19.74g, 38.12mmol), Pd-132 (0.54g, 0.76mmol), S-Phos (0.54g), sodium tert-butoxide (14.64g, 152.49mmol), and 1L of xylene were added to a 2000mL dry and clean three-necked flask, and the mixture was evacuated and nitrogen-filled for three cycles, and then heated to 140°C for reflux reaction for 14 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and dichloromethane and saturated brine were added for extraction three times.
  • 2,6-diisopropylaniline 40g, 225.99mmol
  • 3,5-di-tert-butylbromobenzene 60.79g, 226.82mmol
  • palladium acetate 0.25g, 1.11mmol
  • tri-tert-butylphosphine 1.5mL
  • sodium tert-butoxide 32.5g, 338.54mmol
  • 500mL toluene were added to a 1000mL dry and clean three-necked flask, vacuumed and nitrogen filled for three cycles, heated to 100°C and refluxed for 12 hours.
  • 2,6-diethylaniline (24.9 g, 167.11 mmol), 3,5-di-tert-butylbromobenzene (43 g, 160.45 mmol), palladium acetate (0.19 g, 0.85 mmol), tri-tert-butylphosphine (1 mL), sodium tert-butoxide (24 g, 250.0 mmol), and 500 mL of toluene were added to a 1000 mL dry and clean three-necked flask, vacuumed and nitrogen filled for three cycles, heated to 100 ° C and refluxed for 12 hours.
  • the intermediate 8a (52g, 154.30mmol), 1,3,6,8-tetrabromopyrene (17.76g, 34.30mmol), Pd-132 (0.49g, 0.69mmol), S-Phos (0.49g), sodium tert-butoxide (13.17g, 137.19mmol), and 1L of xylene were added to a 2000mL dry and clean three-necked flask, vacuumed and nitrogen filled for three cycles, and heated to 140°C for reflux reaction for 14 hours. After the reaction was completed, it was cooled to room temperature, and dichloromethane and saturated brine were added for extraction three times.
  • 2,6-diethylaniline 34.98g, 234.74mmol
  • 4-tert-butyl bromobenzene 50g, 234.74mmol
  • palladium acetate (0.26g, 1.16mmol
  • tri-tert-butylphosphine 1.5mL
  • sodium tert-butoxide 33.8g, 352.08mmol
  • 500mL toluene were added to a 1000mL dry and clean three-necked flask, vacuumed and nitrogen filled for three cycles, heated to 100°C and refluxed for 12 hours.
  • the intermediate 9a (70g, 249.11mmol), 1,3,6,8-tetrabromopyrene (30g, 57.92mmol), Pd-132 (0.81g, 1.14mmol), S-Phos (0.81g), sodium tert-butoxide (21.86g, 227.71mmol), 1L xylene were added to a 2000mL dry and clean three-necked flask, vacuumed and nitrogen filled for three cycles, and then heated to 140°C for reflux reaction for 14 hours. After the reaction was completed, it was cooled to room temperature, and dichloromethane and saturated brine were added for extraction three times. The product was dissolved in hot toluene and passed through a heat-insulated silica gel column while hot. The filtrate was collected and concentrated to obtain 10g of crude product. The crude product was recrystallized from tetrahydrofuran to obtain 4g of solid powder with a yield of 5.2%.
  • the intermediate P1a (15g, 31.05mmol), 11a (41.55g, 139.73mmol), Pd(OAc) 2 (2.325mmol), PtBu 3 (3.105mmol), NaOtBu (26.85g, 279.45mmol), and 1L toluene were added to a 2000mL dry and clean three-necked flask, and the mixture was evacuated and nitrogen filled for three cycles, and then heated to 120°C and refluxed for 24 hours. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and dichloromethane and saturated brine were added for extraction three times.
  • the intermediate P1b (24 g, 22.11 mmol), SnCl 2 (20.89 g, 110.54 mmol), and 1.5 L of anhydrous ethanol were added to a 2000 mL dry and clean three-necked flask, and the mixture was vacuumed and filled with nitrogen for three cycles, and then heated to 70°C for reaction for 1 hour. The mixture was poured into ice water, and sodium bicarbonate solution was added to make it slightly alkaline.
  • the precipitate was filtered and vacuum dried, and then dissolved in 500 mL of anhydrous ethanol, cooled to -5°C, and 200 mL of NaNO 2 (2.42 g, 28.4 mmol) H 2 SO 4 solution was slowly added while stirring, and a mixture of CuI (0.54 g, 2.84 mmol) and I 2 (3.6 g, 28.4 mmol) was slowly added in batches, and filtered.
  • the product was collected and spin-dried to obtain 5 g of intermediate P1c, with a yield of 19.4%.
  • the intermediate P1e (3.5 g, 2.6 mmol), styrene (2.70 g, 26 mmol), BPO (0.0624 g, 0.26 mmol), and 100 ml DCM were added to a 250 ml dry and clean three-necked flask. After vacuuming and nitrogen filling for three cycles, the mixture was stirred and UV-illuminated for 12 hours. After the reaction was completed, the monomer was removed by dialysis and dried to obtain 1.56 g of polymer P1 with a yield of 25.1%.
  • E1 was purchased from Shanghai McLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.
  • the synthesis of E2 can be found in the prior patent application with application number CN202211429395.8, and the synthesis of E3 can be found in the prior patent application with application number PCT/CN2023/131804.
  • the energy levels of organic materials can be obtained by quantum calculation, for example, using TD-DFT (time-dependent density functional theory) through Gaussian09W (Gaussian Inc.), and the specific simulation method can be found in WO2011141110.
  • TD-DFT time-dependent density functional theory
  • Gaussian09W Gaussian Inc.
  • the specific simulation method can be found in WO2011141110.
  • the molecular geometry is optimized using the density functional theory method "Ground State/DFT/Default Spin/B3LYP” and the basis set "6-31G(d)” (Charge 0/Spin Singlet)
  • the energy structure of the organic molecule is calculated by the TD-DFT (time-dependent density functional theory) method "TD-SCF/DFT/Default Spin/B3PW91” and the basis set "6-31G(d)” (Charge 0/Spin Singlet).
  • the HOMO and LUMO energy levels are calculated according to the following calibration formula, and S1 and T1 are used directly.
  • HOMO(eV) ((HOMO(G) ⁇ 27.212)-0.9899)/1.1206
  • HOMO(G) and LUMO(G) are the direct calculation results of Gaussian 09W, and the unit is Hartree. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
  • the absorbance of the maximum absorption peak divided by the equivalent concentration of the solution substance is the molar extinction coefficient of the compound.
  • Figures 2 to 27 show the absorption and emission spectra of toluene solutions and films of compounds 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 20, respectively. It can be seen from these figures that the absorption and emission spectra of the compounds of the present invention in solutions and films are very similar, and the red shift of the spectrum in the film is very small. This is because the ortho-substitution on the aromatic group (here, benzene) in the aromatic amine effectively prevents the accumulation of molecules in the film.
  • aromatic group here, benzene
  • the optical properties of the compound were measured by a spectrophotometer (Puxi T9s) and a fluorescence spectrometer (Hitachi, F-4700FL Spectrophotometer), respectively.
  • Figure 28 shows the absorption and emission spectra of the toluene solution of compound E1;
  • Figure 29 shows the absorption and emission spectra of the toluene solution of compound E2;
  • Figure 30 shows the absorption and emission spectra of the toluene solution of compound E3;
  • Figures 31 and 32 show the absorption and emission spectra of the toluene solution and film of Comparative Example 1.
  • Compounds E1-E3 have narrow luminescence spectra with a FWHM of less than 40nm.
  • the emission spectrum of the film of Comparative Example 1 has a large red shift and a widened half-peak width. Although it can still be used as a green or red light main body, it may affect the color purity of the green light.
  • the film spectrum of the compound according to the present invention is very similar to the solution spectrum, with a very small red shift, which is more conducive to the preparation of CCL with high color purity.
  • the test method for the UV stability of the compound is as follows:
  • Figure 33 shows the absorption attenuation diagram of toluene solutions of compounds 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 13, 15, 16, 20 and comparative example 2 after UV irradiation.
  • the experimental results are shown in the following table, where t80 of comparative example 2 is 100%. Compared with comparative example 2, the photostability of the compounds according to the present invention is significantly improved.
  • the test method for the blue light stability of the film of Compound 8 and Comparative Example 1 is as follows:
  • a compound film of about 800 nm was evaporated, encapsulated with a glass cover, and placed 2.5 cm above a blue LED (460 nm, 3000 cd/m 2 ) to test the brightness value with a brightness meter (Foshida, CS-2000A).
  • the brightness value of the first test was recorded as the initial value.
  • the brightness was tested after irradiation for a period of time to obtain a brightness decay curve, as shown in Figure 34.
  • Figure 34 compared with Comparative Example 1, the light stability of the film of Compound 8 is significantly improved.
  • Evaporated film Compound 8 and luminescent material E1 or E2 or E3 are placed in a crucible respectively, and the crucible is placed in a thermal evaporation device.
  • the vacuum is evacuated to a vacuum degree of 1 ⁇ 10 -4 Pa, and the crucible is heated to evaporate the two organic compounds and deposit them on the glass substrate.
  • the thermal evaporation device is cooled to 80°C. Nitrogen is filled in the thermal evaporation device to reach atmospheric pressure, and then the cavity is opened to obtain the evaporated CCL film.
  • Resin film Take 48 mg of compound 8 and dissolve it in 1 mL of resin solution, stir for 30 min, take 2 mg of luminescent material E1 or E2 or E3 and dissolve it in the solution, continue stirring for 30 min, drop the stirred solution on a glass substrate, spin coat, and cure with UV light to obtain a CCL film.
  • CCL based on other organic compounds can be prepared in the same way according to 7.1, 7.2 or 7.3.
  • Top-emitting blue light OLED + resin CCL On the light-emitting surface of the top-emitting blue light OLED, prepare a CCL resin film (E3 as the light-emitting body) according to the above 7.3, with a thickness of about 4 ⁇ m.
  • Bottom-emitting blue light OLED + resin CCL On the light-emitting surface of the bottom-emitting blue light OLED, prepare a CCL resin film (E3 as the light-emitting body) according to the above 7.3, with a thickness of about 4 ⁇ m.
  • top-emitting blue OLED, top-emitting blue OLED+resin CCL, bottom-emitting blue OLED, and bottom-emitting blue OLED+resin CCL were tested using a luminance meter (Foshida, CS-2000A).
  • FIG. 35 shows the spectra of top-emitting blue OLED+resin CCL (E3 as the luminescent body)
  • FIG. 36 shows the spectra of bottom-emitting blue OLED+resin CCL (E3 as the luminescent body).
  • the resin CCL according to the present invention can basically absorb all the blue light of OLED in the top-emitting and top-emitting devices and convert it into green light with a narrow spectrum.

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Abstract

公开一种基于芘的化合物，具有如化学式(I)所示的结构。此类化合物具有较大的摩尔消光系数和荧光发光效率，用其制作的颜色转换层可以比较有效地吸收入射光，便于制备较薄的颜色转换层；而且该化合物的吸收光谱可以通过修饰其分子结构来调节，用不同化学结构的化合物可以制备出不同类型的颜色转换层，能够吸收不同颜色的光，配合不同颜色的窄半峰宽发光材料可以制造具有高色域的显示器件。

Description

化合物及其在光电领域的应用 技术领域
本发明涉及有机光电材料及器件技术领域，特别是涉及一种化合物，包含其的高聚物、组合物、混合物、有机功能材料薄膜及光电器件，及其在光电领域的应用。
背景技术
根据色度学原理，射入人眼的光的半峰宽越窄，色纯度越高，颜色越鲜艳。用这种半峰宽窄的红绿蓝三原色光制作的显示装置，显示的色域大，画面真实，画质好。
当前主流的全彩显示实现的方法不外乎两种，第一种，显示器件主动发射红、绿、蓝三原色的光，典型的如RGB-OLED显示；目前成熟的技术是利用精细金属掩膜的真空蒸镀制作三种颜色的发光器件，工艺复杂，成本高，难以实现超过600ppi的高分辨率显示。第二种是采用色转换器将发光器件发射的单一色光转换成多种色光，从而实现全彩显示，如三星公司的蓝光OLED加红绿量子点(QD)薄膜作为颜色转换器。这种方法中的发光器件工艺简单，良率高，而且颜色转换器可以通过蒸镀、喷墨打印、转印、光刻等不同技术实现，可以应用在不同分辨率要求的显示产品上，低如大尺寸电视，只有50ppi，高如硅基微型显示，分辨率可达3000ppi以上。
目前主流的颜色转换器中使用的颜色转换材料主要有两种，一种是无机纳米晶，俗称量子点，是一类直径介于2nm-8nm的无机半导体材料(InP，CdSe，CdS，ZnSe等)的纳米颗粒(特别是量子点)。限于当前的量子点合成和分离技术，目前含Cd的量子点发光峰的半峰宽在25nm-40nm，色纯度可以满足NTSC的显示要求，无Cd量子点的半峰宽在35nm-75nm之间。然而，由于量子点的消光系数普遍较低，需要较厚的膜，典型的10微米以上的膜才能实现蓝光的较好吸收，这对量产工艺，特别是三星公司的蓝光OLED加红绿量子点的技术方案是个很大的挑战。第二种是有机染料，包括各种具有生色团的有机共轭小分子，此类有机染料的消光系数普遍较量子点高，但由于存在分子内的热弛豫，且有机分子中的振动能较大，这类材料的发光峰较宽，一般半峰宽在60nm以上。本发明人在申请号为CN202110370887.3的专利申请中提出了针对颜色转换层的主客体概念，及利用具有较高的摩尔消光系数的有机材料作为主体，吸收发光单元的光传递给具有窄的发光谱线的发光客体，从而实现较薄的颜色转换层。但作为主体的有机材料往往稳定性不够，包括光稳定性和热稳定性仍需要大大提高。
因此，仍需进一步改进主体材料，提供一类具有较高消光系数同时具有较好光稳定性和热稳定性的主体材料，作为颜色转换膜，实现显示器的高色域。
发明内容
基于此，本发明的目的是提供一种化合物、包含其的组合物、混合物、有机功能材料薄膜、光电器件，及其在有机发光器件中的应用。
具体技术方案如下：本发明提供一种包含化学式(I)所示的结构单元的化合物，
R1-R4在每次出现时，可相同或不同的选自H、D，或者具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基基团，或者具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基、甲硅烷基基团，或者具有1至20个C原子的酮基基团，或者具有2至20个C原子的烷氧基羰基基团，或者具有4至20个C原子的芳氧基羰基，或者氰基、氨基甲酰基、卤甲酰基、甲酰基、异氰基、异氰酸酯、硫氰酸酯、异硫氰酸酯、羟基、NO2、CF3、Cl、Br、F、I、可交联的基团，或者具有5至40个环原子的取代或未取代的芳族或杂芳族环系，或者具有5至40个环原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基基团，或者具有5至40个环原子的芳胺基或杂芳胺基基团，以上基团任意位置的二取代单元或这些基团的组合；
其中R1-R4中至少有三个相同或不同的选自化学式(I-1)-(I-4)中的一个：
其中：*代表与芘的连接位点；Ar1相同或不同的选自取代或未取代的具有8-24个环原子的芳香族或杂芳香族；Ar2至Ar6相同或不同的选自取代或未取代的具有5至24个环原子的芳香族或杂芳香族，且化学式(I-2)至少包含一个吸电子基团；
R11-R16是取代基，在每次出现时，可相同或不同的选自具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基基团，或者具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基、甲硅烷基基团，或者具有1至20个C原子的酮基基团，或者具有2至20个C原子的烷氧基羰基基团，或者具有4至20个C原子的芳氧基羰基基团，或者氰基、氨基甲酰基、卤甲酰基、甲酰基、异氰基、异氰酸酯、硫氰酸酯、异硫氰酸酯、羟基、NO2、CF3、Cl、Br、F、I、可交联的基团，或者具有5至40个环原子的取代或未取代的芳族或杂芳族环系，或者具有5至40个环原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基基团，或者具有5至40个环原子的芳胺基或杂芳胺基基团，或者这些基团的组合。
本发明还提供一种高聚物，包含至少一个重复单元，其特征在于，所述重复单元包含一种如上所述的化合物所对应的结构。
本发明还提供一种混合物，包含有至少一种如上所述的化合物或高聚物和另一种功能材料，所述另一种功能材料选自有机功能材料，其可选于空穴(也称电洞)注入材料(HIM)、空穴传输材料(HTM)、空穴阻挡材料(HBM)、电子注入材料(EIM)、电子传输材料(ETM)、电子阻挡材料(EBM)、有机基质材料(Host)、单重态发光体(荧光发光体)、三重态发光体(磷光发光体)、热激发延迟荧光材料(TADF材料)及有机染料。
本发明还提供一种组合物，包含至少一种如上所述的化合物或高聚物或混合物，至少一种有机溶剂，和/或一种有机树脂。
本发明还提供一种有机功能材料薄膜，包含一种如上所述的化合物或高聚物或混合物，或利用一种如上所述的组合物制备而成。
本发明还提供一种光电器件，包含一种如上所述的化合物或高聚物或混合物，或有机功能材料薄膜。
本发明还提供一种有机发光器件，自下而上依次包含一基板、第一电极、一有机发光层、第二电极、一颜色转换层及一封装层，所述第二电极至少是部分透明，其特征在于，1)所述 颜色转换层包含一种上述的化合物或高聚物，和一种发光体E；2)所述颜色转换层至少部分吸收以上有机发光层所发的透过第二电极的光；3)所述化合物或高聚物的发光谱在所述发光体E的吸收谱的短波长的一侧，且至少部分相互重叠；4)所述发光体E的发光谱的半峰宽小于或等于55nm。
有益效果：按照本发明的一种化合物，具有较大的溶解度，便于制备用于印刷或涂布工艺的油墨，绿色环保；在成膜后，其吸收和发光光谱红移较小或基本不红移；同时具有较高的稳定性，特别是光稳定性；且具有较大的消光系数，便于制备厚度较薄的颜色转换器，用于实现具有高色域的显示器。
附图说明
图1：一种红绿蓝三色的显示装置示意图；
图2：化合物1的甲苯溶液的吸收和发射光谱图；
图3：化合物1的薄膜的吸收和发射光谱图；
图4：化合物3的甲苯溶液的吸收和发射光谱图；
图5：化合物3的薄膜的吸收和发射光谱图；
图6：化合物4的甲苯溶液的吸收和发射光谱图；
图7：化合物4的薄膜的吸收和发射光谱图；
图8：化合物5的甲苯溶液的吸收和发射光谱图；
图9：化合物5的薄膜的吸收和发射光谱图；
图10：化合物8的甲苯溶液的吸收和发射光谱图；
图11：化合物8的薄膜的吸收和发射光谱图；
图12：化合物9的甲苯溶液的吸收和发射光谱图；
图13：化合物9的薄膜的吸收和发射光谱图；
图14：化合物13的甲苯溶液的吸收和发射光谱图；
图15：化合物13的薄膜的吸收和发射光谱图；
图16：化合物14的甲苯溶液的吸收和发射光谱图；
图17：化合物14的薄膜的吸收和发射光谱图；
图18：化合物15的甲苯溶液的吸收和发射光谱图；
图19：化合物15的薄膜的吸收和发射光谱图；
图20：化合物16的甲苯溶液的吸收和发射光谱图；
图21：化合物16的薄膜的吸收和发射光谱图；
图22：化合物17的甲苯溶液的吸收和发射光谱图；
图23：化合物17的薄膜的吸收和发射光谱图；
图24：化合物18的甲苯溶液的吸收和发射光谱图；
图25：化合物18的薄膜的吸收和发射光谱图；
图26：化合物20的甲苯溶液的吸收和发射光谱图；
图27：化合物20的薄膜的吸收和发射光谱图；
图28：化合物E1的甲苯溶液的吸收和发射光谱图；
图29：化合物E2的甲苯溶液的吸收和发射光谱图；
图30：化合物E3的甲苯溶液的吸收和发射光谱图；
图31：对比例1的甲苯溶液的吸收和发射光谱图；
图32：对比例1的薄膜的吸收和发射光谱图；
图33：化合物1、3、4、5、8、9、13、15、16、20与对比例2的甲苯溶液UV光照后吸收衰减图；
图34：化合物8与对比例1薄膜蓝光光照后亮度衰减图；
图35：顶发射蓝光OLED+树脂CCL的光谱图；
图36：底发射蓝光OLED+树脂CCL的光谱图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下面将参照相关附图对本发明进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本发明的较佳实施例。但是，本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反的，提供这些实施例的目的是使对本发明的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
在本发明中，主体材料、基质材料、Host材料和Matrix材料具有相同的含义，可以互换。
在本发明中，金属有机络合物、金属有机配合物和有机金属配合物具有相同的含义，可以互换。
在本发明中，组合物、印刷油墨、油墨和墨水具有相同的含义，可以互换。
本发明提供一种包含化学式(I)所示的结构单元的化合物，
R1-R4在每次出现时，可相同或不同的选自H、D，或者具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基基团，或者具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基、甲硅烷基基团，或者具有1至20个C原子的酮基基团，或者具有2至20个C原子的烷氧基羰基基团，或者具有4至20个C原子的芳氧基羰基，或者氰基、氨基甲酰基、卤甲酰基、甲酰基、异氰基、异氰酸酯、硫氰酸酯、异硫氰酸酯、羟基、NO2、CF3、Cl、Br、F、I、可交联的基团，或者具有5至40个环原子的取代或未取代的芳族或杂芳族环系，或者具有5至40个环原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基基团，或者具有5至40个环原子的芳胺基或杂芳胺基基团，以上基团任意位置的二取代单元或这些基团的组合；
其特征在于，R1-R4中至少有三个相同或不同的选自化学式(I-1)-(I-4)中的一个：
其中：*代表与芘的连接位点；Ar1相同或不同的选自取代或未取代的具有8-24个环原子的芳香族或杂芳香族；Ar2至Ar6相同或不同的选自取代或未取代的具有5至24个环原子的芳香族或杂芳香族，且化学式(I-2)至少包含一个吸电子基团；
R11-R16是取代基，在每次出现时，可相同或不同的选自具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷 基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基基团，或者具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基、甲硅烷基基团，或者具有1至20个C原子的酮基基团，或者具有2至20个C原子的烷氧基羰基基团，或者具有4至20个C原子的芳氧基羰基基团，或者氰基、氨基甲酰基、卤甲酰基、甲酰基、异氰基、异氰酸酯、硫氰酸酯、异硫氰酸酯、羟基、NO2、CF3、Cl、Br、F、I、可交联的基团，或者具有5至40个环原子的取代或未取代的芳族或杂芳族环系，或者具有5至40个环原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基基团，或者具有5至40个环原子的芳胺基或杂芳胺基基团，或者这些基团的组合。
在某些实施例中，上述的R1-R4相同或不同的选自化学式(I-1)-(I-4)中的一个。
在某些实施例中，上述的R1-R4中有三个选自相同的结构单元。
在一些优选的实施例中，上述的R1-R4中，R1和R3或R2和R4选自相同的结构单元。
在一些优选的实施例中，上述的R1-R4中，R1和R4或R2和R3选自相同的结构单元。
在另一些较为优选的实施例中，上述的R1-R4选自相同的结构单元。
在一个较为优选的实施例中，R11-R16在每次出现时，可相同或不同的选自具有1至10个C原子的直链的烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基基团，或者具有3至10个C原子的支链或环状的烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基、是甲硅烷基基团，或者具有1至10个C原子的酮基基团，或者具有2至10个C原子的烷氧基羰基基团，或者具有6至10个C原子的芳氧基羰基基团，或者氰基、氨基甲酰基、卤甲酰基、甲酰基、异氰基、异氰酸酯、硫氰酸酯、异硫氰酸酯、羟基、NO2、CF3、Cl、Br、F、I、可交联的基团，或者具有5至20个环原子的取代或未取代的芳族或杂芳族环系，或者具有5至20个环原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基基团，或者具有5至20个环原子的芳胺基或杂芳胺基基团，或者这些基团的组合。
对于本发明的目的，芳香环系在环系中包含6-20个碳原子，杂芳香环系在环系中包含1-20个碳原子和至少一个杂原子，条件是碳原子和杂原子的总数至少为5。杂原子优选选自Si、N、P、O、S和/或Ge，特别优选选自Si、N、P、O和/或S。对于本发明的目的，芳香族或杂芳香族环系不仅包括芳香基或杂芳香基的体系，而且，其中多个芳基或杂芳基也可以被短的非芳族单元间断(<10％的非H原子，优选小于5％的非H原子，比如C、N或O原子)。因此，比如9,9′-螺二芴，9,9-二芳基芴，三芳胺，二芳基醚等体系，对于该发明目的同样认为是芳香族环系。
对于本发明的目的，其中本发明化合物上的H原子可以被R20基团取代，R20的定义同上述R11，优选于，(1)C1-C10烷基，特别优选是指如下的基团：甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、环丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、环丁基、2-甲基丁基、正戊基、正己基、环己基、正庚基、环庚基、正辛基、环辛基、2-甲基庚基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、环戊烯基、己烯基、环己烯基、庚烯基、环庚烯基、辛烯基、环辛烯基、乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基和辛炔基；(2)C1-C10烷氧基，特别优选的是指甲氧基，乙氧基，正丙氧基，异丙氧基，正丁氧基，异丁氧基，仲丁氧基，叔丁氧基或者2-甲基丁氧基；(3)C2到C10芳基或杂芳基，取决于用途其可以是一价或二价的，在每一情况下也可以被上述提及的基团R20取代并可以通过任何希望的位置与芳香族或杂芳香环连接，特别优选的是指以下的基团：苯、萘、蒽、嵌二萘、二氢芘、屈、萤蒽、丁省、戊省、苯并芘、呋喃、苯并呋喃、异苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、异苯并噻吩、硫芴、吡咯、吲哚、异吲哚、咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、异喹啉、吖啶、菲啶、苯并-5,6-喹啉、苯并-6,7-喹啉、苯并-7,8-喹啉、吩噻嗪、吩恶嗪、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、萘并咪唑、菲并咪唑、吡啶并咪唑、吡嗪并咪唑、喹喔啉并咪唑、恶唑、苯并恶唑、萘并恶唑、蒽并恶唑、菲并恶唑、异恶唑、1,2-噻唑、1,3-噻唑、苯并噻唑、哒嗪、苯并哒嗪、嘧啶、苯并嘧啶、喹喔啉、吡嗪、二氮蒽、1,5-二氮杂萘、氮咔唑、苯并咔啉、菲咯啉、1,2,3-三唑、1,2,4-三唑、苯 并三唑、1,2,3-恶二唑、1,2,4-恶二唑、1,2,5-恶二唑、1,3,4-恶二唑、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,5-噻二唑、1,3,4-噻二唑、1,3,5-三嗪、1,2,4-三嗪、1,2,3-三嗪、四唑、1,2,4,5-四嗪、1,2,3,4-四嗪、1,2,3,5-四嗪、嘌呤、蝶啶、中氮茚和苯并噻二唑。用于本发明的目的，芳香和杂芳族环系认为特别是除上述提及的芳基和杂芳基之外，还指亚联苯基、亚三联苯、芴、螺二芴、二氢菲、四氢芘和顺式或者反式茚并芴。
在一些优选的实施例中，化学式(I-1)中的Ar1选自如下结构式之一或其组合，其可进一步被取代：
其中：X1-X8选于CR32或N；M1、M2、M3分别独立表示N(R32)、C(R32R33)2、Si(R32R33)2、O、C＝N(R32)、C＝C(R32R33)2、P(R32)、P(＝O)R32、S、S＝O、SO2或无；R30、R31、R32、R33在每次出现时，可相同或不同的选自H、D，或者具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基基团，或者具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基、甲硅烷基基团，或者具有1至20个C原子的酮基基团，或者具有2至20个C原子的烷氧基羰基基团，或者具有4至20个C原子的芳氧基羰基，或者氰基、氨基甲酰基、卤甲酰基、甲酰基、异氰基、异氰酸酯、硫氰酸酯、异硫氰酸酯、羟基、NO2、CF3、Cl、Br、F、I、可交联的基团，或者具有5至40个环原子的取代或未取代的芳族或杂芳族环系，或者具有5至40个环原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基基团，或者具有5至40个环原子的芳胺基或杂芳胺基基团，以上基团任意位置的二取代单元或这些基团的组合，其中一个或多个基团可以彼此和/或与所述基团键合的环形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族环系。
在一些特别优选的实施例中，Ar1为萘基。
在某些优选的实施例中，所述化合物中，Ar2-Ar6相同或不同的在每一次出现中选自具有5到20个环原子的芳香族或杂芳族；较好的选自具有5到18个环原子的芳香族或杂芳族；更好的选自具有5到15个环原子的芳香族或杂芳族；最好的选自具有5到10个环原子的芳香族或杂芳族；它们可以未被取代或者被一个或二个R20基团取代。优选的芳基或者杂芳基有苯、萘、蒽、菲、吡啶、苯并呋喃、嵌二萘或噻吩。
在某些较为优选的实施例中，Ar2-Ar6在每次出现时，相互独立选自如下结构式：
其中：X0是CR40或N；Y0选自CR41R42，SiR41R42，NR41，C(＝O)，S，或O；R40-R42的定义同上述R30。
进一步，Ar2-Ar6在每次出现时，相互独立选自如下化学结构式之一或其组合，且可进一步被任意取代：
在一个特别优选的实施例中，Ar2-Ar6为苯基。
优选的，化学式(I-2)中Ar3或Ar4选自一个吸电子基或被一个吸电子基团取代。
在一些优选的实施例中，Ar3和Ar4选自一个吸电子基或被一个吸电子基团取代。
在一些优选的实施例中，Ar4选自一个吸电子基或被一个吸电子基团取代。
在一些优选的实施例中，化学式(I-2)中包含有两个吸电子基团。
在一些优选的实施例中，化学式(I-2)中包含有三个吸电子基团。
在另一些优选的实施例中，化学式(I-2)中包含有三个以上的吸电子基团。
上述的吸电子基团可选自F、氰基、部分或全氟化的烷基链、或如下基团中的一种：
其中：n为1、2或3；X1-X10选于CR52或N，并且至少有一个是N；M1、M2、M3分别独立表示N(R53)、C(R53R54)2、Si(R53R54)2、O、C＝N(R53)、C＝C(R53R54)2、P(R53)、P(＝O)R53、S、S＝O、SO2或无；R50-R54的定义同上述R30。
在一些优选的实施例中，本发明化合物中包含-F。
在一些优选的实施例中，本发明化合物中包含-CN。
在另一些优选的实施例中，本发明化合物中包含一如下基团：
在某些实施例中，化学式(I-3)中的R13和R14选自不同的基团。
在一些优选的实施例中，化学式(I-3)中的R13和R14选自相同的基团。
在一些特别优选的实施例中，化学式(I-3)中的R13和R14相同地选自甲基、乙基或异丙基中的一个。
在某些实施例中，化学式(I-4)中的R13-R16选自相同的或不同的基团。
在一些优选的实施例中，化学式(I-4)中的R13和R14或R15和R16选自相同的基团。
在另一些优选的实施例中，化学式(I-4)中的R13-R16选自相同的基团。
在一个特别优选的实施例中，化学式(I-4)中的R13-R16相同地选自甲基。
在某些实施例中，按照本发明的化合物，其中SP3杂化的基团的总量不超过总分子量的50％，更好是不超过30％，最好是不超过20％。较少的SP3杂化基团的存在能够有效保证化合物的热稳定性，进而保证器件的稳定性。
在另一些优选的实施例中，为了提高溶解性和/或提高成膜性能，按照本发明的化合物，其中SP3杂化的基团的总量超过总分子量的20％，较好是超过30％，更好是超过40％，最好是超过50％。
在一些优选的实施例中，所述的化合物具有较高的消光系数。消光系数也称摩尔吸光系数(Molar Extinction Coefficient)，是指浓度为1摩尔/升时的吸光系数，用符号ε表示，单位：Lmol-1cm-1，优选的消光系数：ε≥1*103；较优选的：ε≥1*104；更优选的；ε≥2*104；更更优选的：ε≥3*104；特别优选的：ε≥5*104；最优选的：ε≥1*105。优选的，所述的消光系数是指在吸收峰对应的波长时的消光系数。
在另一些优选的实施例中，所述化合物具有较高的荧光发光效率，其荧光量子效率(PLQY)≥60％，较好是≥65％，更好是≥70％，更更好是≥80％，最好是≥90％。
在本发明实施例中，对于有机材料的能级结构，HOMO、LUMO和谐振因子强度f起着关键的作用。以下对这些参数的确定作一介绍。
HOMO和LUMO能级可以通过光电效应进行测量，例如XPS(X射线光电子光谱法)和UPS(紫外光电子能谱)或通过循环伏安法(以下简称CV)。最近，量子化学方法，例如密度泛函理论(以下简称DFT)，也成为行之有效的计算分子轨道能级的方法。
谐振因子强度f也可通过量子模拟计算(如Time-dependent DFT)得到。
应该注意，HOMO、LUMO的绝对值取决于所用的测量方法或计算方法，甚至对于相同的方法，不同评价的方法，例如在CV曲线上起始点和峰点可给出不同的HOMO/LUMO值。因此，合理有意义的比较应该用相同的测量方法和相同的评价方法进行。本发明实施例的描述中，HOMO、LUMO的值是基于Time-dependent DFT的模拟，但不影响其他测量或计算方法的应用。
化合物的能量结构对其光电性能及稳定性有着重要的影响。
在某些实施例中，所述的化合物具有较低的HOMO，一般是≤-4.6eV，较好是≤-4.7eV，更好是≤-4.8eV，更更好是≤-4.9eV，特别好是≤-5.1eV，最好是≤-5.2eV。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述的化合物具有较大的ΔHOMO和/或ΔLUMO，一般的≥0.30eV，较好是≥0.40eV，更好是≥0.50eV，更更好是≥0.60eV，最好是≥0.70eV；其中ΔHOMO＝HOMO-(HOMO-1)，ΔLUMO＝(LUMO+1)-LUMO。
出于本发明的目的，(HOMO-1)定义为第二高的占有轨道能级，(HOMO-2)为第三高的占有轨道能级，以此类推。(LUMO+1)定义为第二低的未占有轨道能级，(LUMO+2)为第三低的占有轨道能级，以此类推。这些能级都可以通过下述的模拟方法确定。
在一个较为优选的实施例中，所述的化合物具有较大的谐振因子f(Sn)(n≥1)；一般的f(S1)≥0.10，较好是≥0.20，更好是≥0.30，更更好是≥0.40，特别好是≥0.50，最好是≥0.60。所述的谐振因子f(Sn)可由下述的方法计算得到。
在一个进一步的实施例中，f(S1)≥0.70，较好是≥0.80，更好是≥0.90，更更好是≥1.00，特别好是≥1.2，最好是≥1.6。
在一个较为优选的实施例中，所述的化合物在有机溶剂中有较高的溶解度。优选的，在甲苯中，所述的化合物的溶解度一般是≥10mg/mL，优选是≥20mg/mL，较好是≥40mg/mL，更好是≥70mg/mL，更更好是≥100mg/mL，最好是≥150/mL。
在下面列出一些合适的本发明化合物的例子(但不限于)，其可进一步被任意取代：












本发明还涉及一种高聚物，包含至少一个重复单元，其特征在于，所述重复单元包含一种如上述化合物所对应的结构。
优先的，所述的高聚物是侧链高聚物，包括有如化学式(II)所示的重复单元，其中U具如上述化合物所对应的结构，n为大于或等于1的整数。
在某些实施例中，重复单元U在高聚物中的含量是从0.1mol％到100mol％。
在一个优先的实施例中，重复单元U在高聚物中的含量是从1mol％到90mol％，较好是从10mol％到90mol％，更好是从20mol％到80mol％，更更好是从30mol％到70mol％，最好是从40mol％到60mol％。
本发明还提供一种混合物，包含至少一种如上所述的化合物或高聚物，以及另一种功能材料。所述另一种功能材料选自有机功能材料，其可选于空穴(也称电洞)注入材料(HIM)、空穴传输材料(HTM)、空穴阻挡材料(HBM)、电子注入材料(EIM)、电子传输材料(ETM)、电子阻挡材料(EBM)，有机基质材料(Host)、单重态发光体(荧光发光体)、三重态发光体(磷光发光体)、热激发延迟荧光材料(TADF材料)及有机染料。例如在WO2010135519A1，US20090134784A1和WO2011110277A1中对各种有机功能材料有详细的描述，特此将此3篇专利文件中的全部内容并入本文作为参考。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述混合物包含一种按照本发明的化合物或高聚物和一种发光材料。这里按照本发明的化合物或高聚物可以作为主体材料，所述的发光材料其重量百分比≤15wt％，较好是≤12wt％，更好是≤9wt％，更更好是≤8wt％，最好是≤7wt％。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述的发光材料选自有机荧光发光体。
以下对荧光发光体(也称单重态发光体)做详细的描述。
1、单重态发光体(Singlet Emitter)
单重态发光体往往有较长的共轭π电子系统。迄今，已有许多例子，例如在JP2913116B和WO2001021729A1中公开的苯乙烯胺及其衍生物，和在WO2008/006449和WO2007/140847 中公开的茚并芴及其衍生物。
在一个优选的实施例中，单重态发光体可选自一元苯乙烯胺，二元苯乙烯胺，三元苯乙烯胺，四元苯乙烯胺，苯乙烯膦，苯乙烯醚和芳胺。
一个一元苯乙烯胺是指一化合物，它包含一个无取代或取代的苯乙烯基组和至少一个胺，最好是芳香胺。一个二元苯乙烯胺是指一化合物，它包含二个无取代或取代的苯乙烯基组和至少一个胺，最好是芳香胺。一个三元苯乙烯胺是指一化合物，它包含三个无取代或取代的苯乙烯基组和至少一个胺，最好是芳香胺。一个四元苯乙烯胺是指一化合物，它包含四个无取代或取代的苯乙烯基组和至少一个胺，最好是芳香胺。一个优选的苯乙烯是二苯乙烯，其可能会进一步被取代。相应的膦类和醚类的定义与胺类相似。芳基胺或芳香胺是指一种化合物，包含三个直接联接氮的无取代或取代的芳香环或杂环系统。这些芳香族或杂环的环系统中至少有一个优先选于稠环系统，并最好有至少14个芳香环原子。其中优选的例子有芳香蒽胺，芳香蒽二胺，芳香芘胺，芳香芘二胺，芳香屈胺和芳香屈二胺。一个芳香蒽胺是指一化合物，其中一个二元芳基胺基团直接联到蒽上，最好是在9的位置上。一个芳香蒽二胺是指一化合物，其中二个二元芳基胺基团直接联到蒽上，最好是在9,10的位置上。芳香芘胺，芳香芘二胺，芳香屈胺和芳香屈二胺的定义类似，其中二元芳基胺基团最好联到芘的1或1,6位置上。
基于乙烯胺及芳胺的单重态发光体的例子，也是优选的例子，可在下述专利文件中找到：WO2006/000388，WO2006/058737，WO2006/000389，WO2007/065549，WO2007/115610，US7250532B2，DE102005058557A1，CN1583691A，JP08053397A，US6251531B1，US2006/210830A，EP1957606A1和US2008/0113101A1，特此将上述列出的专利文件中的全部内容并入本文作为参考。
基于均二苯乙烯极其衍生物的单重态发光体的例子有US5121029。
进一步的优选的单重态发光体可选于茚并芴-胺和茚并芴-二胺，如WO2006/122630所公开的，苯并茚并芴-胺和苯并茚并芴-二胺，如WO2008/006449所公开的，二苯并茚并芴-胺和二苯并茚并芴-二胺，如WO2007/140847所公开的。
其他可用作单重态发光体的材料有多环芳烃化合物，特别是如下化合物的衍生物:蒽如9,10-二(2-萘基)蒽，萘，四苯，氧杂蒽，菲，芘(如2,5,8,11-四-t-丁基苝)，茚并芘，苯并稠环如(4,4’-双(9-乙基-3-咔唑乙烯基)-1,1’-联苯)，二茚并芘，十环烯，六苯并苯，芴，螺二芴，芳基芘(如US20060222886)，亚芳香基乙烯(如US5121029，US5130603)，环戊二烯如四苯基环戊二烯，红荧烯，香豆素，若丹明，喹吖啶酮，吡喃如4(二氰基亚甲基)-6-(4-对二甲氨基苯乙烯基-2-甲基)-4H-吡喃(DCM)，噻喃，双(吖嗪基)亚胺硼化合物(US2007/0092753A1)，双(吖嗪基)亚甲基化合物，carbostyryl化合物，噁嗪酮，苯并恶唑，苯并噻唑，苯并咪唑及吡咯并吡咯二酮。一些单重态发光体的材料可在下述专利文件中找到:US20070252517A1，US4769292，US6020078。特此将上述列出的专利文件中的全部内容并入本文作为参考。
在下面列出一些合适的单重态发光体的例子：
在一个特别优选的实施例中，所述的混合物包含一种本发明所述的化合物或高聚物(作为主体材料H)和一种发光体E，其中，1)所述化合物(主体材料H)或高聚物的发光谱在所述发光体E的吸收谱的短波长的一侧，且至少部分相互重叠；2)所述发光体E的发光谱的半峰宽(FWHM)小于或等于55nm。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述发光体E的发光谱的半峰宽(FWHM)≤50nm，较好是≤40nm，更好是≤35nm，最好是≤30nm。
在另一个优选的实施例中，所述发光体E，其荧光量子效率(PLQY)≥60％，较好是≥65％，更好是≥70％，最好是≥80％。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述的发光体E是有机发光体，具有化学式(1)或(2)所示的结构：
其中：Ar1-Ar3相同或不同的选自具有5-24个环原子的芳香族或杂芳香族；Ar4-Ar5相同或不同的选自空或具有5-24个环原子的芳香族或杂芳香族；当Ar4-Ar5不为空时，Xa和Xb在每次出现时独立选自N、C(R6)、Si(R6)，Ya和Yb在每次出现时独立选自B、P＝O、C(R6)、Si(R6)；当Ar4或Ar5为空时，Xb选自N、C(R6)、Si(R6)，Ya选自B、P＝O、C(R6)、Si(R6)，Xa和Yb在每次出现时独立选自N(R6)、C(R6R7)、Si(R6R7)、C＝O、O、C＝N(R6)、C＝C(R6R7)、P(R6)、P(＝O)R6、S、S＝O或SO2；X1、X2独立选自空或一个桥接基团；
R1-R7在每次出现时，相同或不同的选自取代基分别独立选自H、D，或者具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基基团，或者具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基、甲硅烷基基团，或者具有1至20个C原子的取代的酮基基团，或者具有2至20个C原子的烷氧基羰基基团，或者具有7至20个C原子的芳氧基羰基基团，或者氰基、氨基甲酰基、卤甲酰基、甲酰基、异氰基、异氰酸酯、硫氰酸酯、异硫氰酸酯、羟基、NO2、CF3、Cl、Br、F、I、可交联的基团，或者具有5至40个环原子的取代或未取代的芳族或杂芳族环系，或者具有5至40个环原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基基团，或者具有5至40个环原子的芳胺基或杂芳胺基基团，以上基团任意位置的二取代单元或这些基团的组合，其中一个或多个基团可以彼此和/或与所述基团键合的环形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族环系。
按照化学式(1)或(2)所示的有机发光体的例子有，申请号为CN20201109557.7，申请号为CN202110370887.3的专利申请中公开的，特此将其全部内容并入本文作为参考。
除此之外，出于按照本发明的混合物的目的，所述的发光体E还可进一步选自具有如下的结构式的有机化合物(氟硼吡咯(Bodipy)的衍生物)：
其中：X为CR18或N；R10-R18各自独立地选自氢、烷基、环烷基、杂环基、链烯基、环烯基、炔基、羟基、巯基、烷氧基、烷基硫基、芳基醚基、芳基硫醚基、芳基、杂芳基、卤素、氰基、醛基、羰基、羧基、氧基羧基、氨基甲酰基、氨基、硝基、甲硅烷基、硅氧烷基、硼烷基、氧化麟基，且R10-R18可以与相邻取代基之间形成稠环及脂肪族环。
在一个优选的实施例中，R16和R17独立选自吸电子基团。
合适的吸电子基团包括但不限于：F，Cl，氰基，部分或全氟化的烷基链，或如下基团中的一种：
其中：X1-X8、M1、M2、M3、R50、R51、n的定义同上所述。
合适的Bodipy的衍生物的例子有，但不限于：

在另一个优选的实施例中，所述的发光体E是一无机纳米发光体，如在申请号为CN202110370819.7的专利申请中所公开的，特此将其全部内容并入本文作为参考。
本发明还提供一种组合物，包含至少一种本发明所述的化合物或高聚物或混合物，至少一种有机溶剂，和/或一种有机树脂。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述的组合物包含一种有机树脂；在另一些实施例中，包含两种及以上有机树脂；在另一些实施例中，包含三种及以上有机树脂。
出于本发明的目的，所述有机树脂是指树脂预聚体或其交联或固化后形成的树脂。
适合本发明的有机树脂，包括但不限制于：聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚碳酸酯、聚胺酯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚氯乙烯、聚丁烯、聚乙二醇、聚硅氧烷、聚丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯腈、聚偏二氯乙烯(PVDC)、聚苯乙烯-丙烯腈(SAN)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚丁酸乙烯酯(PVB)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚酰胺、聚甲醛、聚酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺或其混合物。
进一步，适合本发明的有机树脂，包含但不限制于由以下单体(树脂预聚体)均聚或共聚 形成：苯乙烯衍生物、丙烯酸酯衍生物、丙烯腈衍生物、丙烯酰胺衍生物、乙烯酯衍生物、乙烯醚衍生物、马来酰亚胺衍生物、共轭二烯烃衍生物。
苯乙烯衍生物的例子有：烷基苯乙烯，如α-甲基苯乙烯，邻-、间-、对-甲基苯乙烯，对丁基苯乙烯，尤其是对叔丁基苯乙烯，烷氧基苯乙烯如对甲氧基苯乙烯、对丁氧基苯乙烯、对叔丁氧基苯乙烯。
丙烯酸酯衍生物的例子有：丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丙酯、丙烯酸异丙酯、甲基丙烯酸异丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸仲丁酯、甲基丙烯酸仲丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、丙烯酸2-羟基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基丙酯、丙烯酸3-羟基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸3-羟基丙酯、丙烯酸2-羟基丁酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基丁酯、丙烯酸3-羟基丁酯、甲基丙烯酸3-羟基丁酯、丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯、甲基丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯、丙烯酸烯丙酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、丙烯酸苄酯、甲基丙烯酸苄酯、丙烯酸环己酯、甲基丙烯酸环己酯、丙烯酸苯酯、甲基丙烯酸苯酯、丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯、丙烯酸2-苯氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-苯氧基乙酯、甲氧基二甘醇丙烯酸酯、甲氧基二甘醇甲基丙烯酸酯、甲氧基三甘醇丙烯酸酯、甲氧基三甘醇甲基丙烯酸酯、甲氧基丙二醇丙烯酸酯、甲氧基丙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯、甲氧基二丙二醇丙烯酸酯、甲氧基二丙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸异冰片酯、甲基丙烯酸异冰片酯、丙烯酸双环戊二烯酯、甲基丙烯酸双环戊二烯酯、(甲基)丙烯酸金刚烷酯、(甲基)丙烯酸降冰片酯、丙烯酸2-羟基-3-苯氧基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基-3-苯氧基丙酯、单丙烯酸甘油酯、单甲基丙烯酸甘油酯、丙烯酸2-氨基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-氨基乙酯、丙烯酸2-二甲基氨基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-二甲基氨基乙酯、N,N-二甲基氨基乙基(甲基)丙烯酸、N,N-二乙基氨基乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸2-氨基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-氨基丙酯、丙烯酸2-二甲基氨基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-二甲基氨基丙酯、丙烯酸3-氨基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸3-氨基丙酯、N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺(甲基)丙烯酸苄酯、丙烯酸3-二甲基氨基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸3-二甲基氨基丙酯、丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。
丙烯腈衍生物的例子有：丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、α-氯丙烯腈和偏二氰乙烯。
丙烯酰胺衍生物的例子有：丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、α-氯丙烯酰胺、N-2-羟乙基丙烯酰胺和N-2-羟乙基甲基丙烯酰胺。
乙烯酯衍生物的例子有：乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯和苯甲酸乙烯酯。
乙烯醚衍生物的例子有：乙烯基甲基醚、乙烯基乙基醚和烯丙基缩水甘油基醚。
马来酰亚胺衍生物的例子有：马来酰亚胺、苄基马来酰亚胺、N-苯基马来酰亚胺和N-环己基马来酰亚胺。
共轭二烯烃衍生物的例子有：1,3-丁二烯、异戊二烯和氯丁二烯。
所述的均聚物或共聚物可以通过例如自由基聚合、阳离子聚合、阴离子聚合或有机金属催化聚合(例如Ziegler-Natta催化)进行制备。聚合的工艺可以是悬浮聚合、乳液聚合、溶液聚合或本体聚合。
所述的有机树脂通常具有10000-1000000g/mol，优选20000-750000g/mol，更优选30000-500000g/mol的平均摩尔质量Mn(由GPC测定)。
在一些优选的实施例中，有机树脂为热固性树脂或紫外(UV)可固化树脂。在一些实施例中，用将促进卷对卷加工的方法固化有机树脂。
热固性树脂需要固化，在固化中它们会经历不可逆的分子交联过程，这使得树脂不可熔化。在一些实施例中，热固性树脂为环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、乙烯基树脂、三聚氰胺树脂、脲醛树脂、 不饱和聚酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂、烯丙基树脂、丙烯酸类树脂、聚酰胺树脂、聚酰胺-酰亚胺树脂、酚胺缩聚树脂、脲三聚氰胺缩聚树脂或其组合。
在一些实施例中，热固性树脂为环氧树脂。环氧树脂易于固化，不会放出挥发物或因广泛的化学品而生成副产物。环氧树脂也可与大多数基板相容并往往易于润湿表面。参见Boyle,M.A.等人，“Epoxy Resins”,Composites,Vol.21,ASM Handbook,pages 78-89(2001)。
在一些实施例中，有机树脂为有机硅热固性树脂。在一些实施例中，有机硅热固性树脂为0E6630A或0E6630B(Dow Corning Corporation(密歇根州奥本市))。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述的组合物包含一种溶剂；在另一些实施例中，包含两种及以上溶剂；在另一些实施例中，包含三种及以上溶剂。
在一个优选的实施例中，按照本发明的组合物是一溶液。
在另一个优选的实施例中，按照本发明的组合物是一悬浮液。
本发明实施例中的组合物中可以包括0.01wt％至20wt％的所述化合物，较好的是0.1wt％至20wt％，更好的是0.2wt％至20wt％，最好的是1wt％至15wt％的所述化合物。
按照本发明的组合物，可以使用喷墨打印、转印、光刻等方法来形成颜色转换层，此时，需将本发明的颜色转换材料单独或与其他材料一起溶解在有机溶剂中，形成油墨。本发明所述的颜色转换材料在油墨中的质量浓度不低于0.1wt％。可以通过调节油墨中颜色转换材料的浓度和颜色转换层的厚度来改善颜色转换层的颜色转换能力。一般而言，颜色转换材料的浓度越高或厚度越厚，颜色转换层的颜色转换率越高。
可添加在油墨中的其他材料包括不限于以下材料：聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙二醇、聚硅氧烷、聚丙烯腈、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚丁酸乙烯酯、聚酰胺、聚甲醛、聚酰亚胺、聚醚醚酮、聚砜、聚芳醚、聚芳酰胺、纤维素、改性纤维素、醋酸纤维、硝酸纤维或以上材料的混合物。
在一些优选的实施例中，所述有机溶剂选自酯、芳族酮或芳族醚、脂肪族酮或脂肪族醚、或硼酸酯或磷酸酯等无机酯类化合物，或两种及两种以上溶剂的混合物。
在另一些实施例中，适当的和优选的溶剂是脂肪族、脂环族或芳烃族、胺、硫醇、酰胺、腈、酯、醚、聚醚、醇、二醇或多元醇。
在另一些实施例中，醇代表适当类别的溶剂。优选的醇包括烷基环己醇，特别是甲基化的脂肪族醇，萘酚等。
另外适当的醇类溶剂的例子有：十二醇，苯基十三醇，苯甲醇，乙二醇，乙二醇甲醚，丙三醇，丙二醇，丙二醇乙醚等。
所述的溶剂可以是单独使用，也可以是作为两种或多种有机溶剂的混合物使用。
在某些实施例中，按照本发明的组合物，包含有一种如上所述的化合物及至少一种有机溶剂，还可进一步包含另一种有机溶剂，另一种有机溶剂的例子，包括(但不限于)：甲醇、乙醇、2-甲氧基乙醇、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、氯苯、邻二氯苯、四氢呋喃、苯甲醚、吗啉、甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、1,4-二氧杂环己烷、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、1,2-二氯乙烷、3-苯氧基甲苯、1,1,1-三氯乙烷、1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷、醋酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜、四氢萘、萘烷、茚和/或它们的混合物。
在一些优选的实施例中，按照本发明的一种组合物，其中所述另一种有机溶剂选自芳族或杂芳族、酯、芳族酮或芳族醚、脂肪族酮或脂肪族醚、脂环族或烯烃类化合物，或硼酸酯或磷酸酯等无机酯类化合物，或两种及两种以上溶剂的混合物。
按照本发明的基于芳族或杂芳族溶剂的例子有，但不限于：1-四氢萘酮、3-苯氧基甲苯、 苯乙酮、1-甲氧基萘、对二异丙基苯、戊苯、四氢萘、环己基苯、氯萘、1,4-二甲基萘、3-异丙基联苯、对甲基异丙苯、二戊苯、邻二乙苯、间二乙苯、对二乙苯、1,2,3,4-四甲苯、1,2,3,5-四甲苯、1,2,4,5-四甲苯、丁苯、十二烷基苯、1-甲基萘、1,2,4-三氯苯、1,3-二丙氧基苯、4,4-二氟二苯甲烷、二苯醚、1,2-二甲氧基-4-(1-丙烯基)苯、二苯甲烷、2-苯基吡啶、3-苯基吡啶、2-苯氧基甲醚、2-苯氧基四氢呋喃、乙基-2-萘基醚、N-甲基二苯胺、4-异丙基联苯、α，α-二氯二苯甲烷、4-(3-苯基丙基)吡啶、苯甲酸苄酯、1,1-双(3,4-二甲基苯基)乙烷、2-异丙基萘、二苄醚等。
在另一些实施例中，适当的和优选的另一种有机溶剂是脂肪族、脂环族或芳烃族、胺、硫醇、酰胺、腈、酯、醚、聚醚。
所述另一种有机溶剂可以是环烷烃，例如十氢化萘。
在另一些优选的实施例中，按照本发明的一种组合物，其中包含至少50wt％的醇类溶剂；优选至少80wt％的醇类溶剂；特别优选至少90wt％的醇类溶剂。
在一些优选的实施例中，特别适合本发明的溶剂是汉森(Hansen)溶解度参数在以下范围内的溶剂：
δd(色散力)在17.0～23.2MPa1/2的范围，尤其是在18.5～21.0MPa1/2的范围；
δp(极性力)在0.2～12.5MPa1/2的范围，尤其是在2.0～6.0MPa1/2的范围；
δh(氢键力)在0.9～14.2MPa1/2的范围，尤其是在2.0～6.0MPa1/2的范围。
按照本发明的组合物，其中有机溶剂在选取时需考虑其沸点参数。本发明中，所述的有机溶剂的沸点≥150℃；优选为≥180℃；较优选为≥200℃；更优为≥250℃；最优为≥275℃或≥300℃。这些范围内的沸点对防止喷墨印刷头的喷嘴堵塞是有益的。所述的有机溶剂可从溶剂体系中蒸发，以形成包含功能材料薄膜。
在一些优选的实施例中，按照本发明的一种组合物，
1)其粘度@25℃，在1cPs到100cPs范围，和/或
2)其表面张力@25℃，在19dyne/cm到50dyne/cm范围。
按照本发明的组合物，其中有机溶剂在选取时需考虑其表面张力参数。合适的油墨表面张力参数适合于特定的基板和特定的印刷方法。例如对喷墨印刷，在一个优选的实施例中，所述的有机溶剂在25℃下的表面张力约在19dyne/cm到50dyne/cm范围；更优为在22dyne/cm到35dyne/cm范围；最优为在25dyne/cm到33dyne/cm范围。
在一个优选的实施例中，按照本发明的油墨在25℃下的表面张力约在19dyne/cm到50dyne/cm范围；更好是在22dyne/cm到35dyne/cm范围；最好是在25dyne/cm到33dyne/cm范围。
按照本发明的组合物，其中有机溶剂在选取时需考虑其油墨的粘度参数。粘度可通过不同的方法调节，如通过合适的有机溶剂的选取和油墨中功能材料的浓度。在一个优选的实施例中，所述的有机溶剂的粘度低于100cps；更优为低于50cps；最优为1.5到20cps。这里的粘度是指在印刷时的环境温度下的粘度，一般在15-30℃，较好的是18-28℃，更好是20-25℃，最好是23-25℃。如此配制的组合物将特别适合于喷墨印刷。
在一个优选的实施例中，按照本发明的组合物，在25℃下的粘度约在1cps到100cps范围；更好是在1cps到50cps范围；最好是在1.5cps到20cps范围。
满足上述沸点及表面张力参数及粘度参数的有机溶剂获得的油墨能够形成具有均匀厚度及组成性质的功能材料薄膜。
盐类化合物不易于提纯，容易带来杂质，影响光电性能。处于本发明的目的，在某些优选的实施例中，上述的组合物或混合物不包含任何盐类化合物，优选的不包含任何由有机酸和金 属形成的有机酸盐。出于成本的考虑，本发明优先排除含有过渡金属和镧系元素的有机酸盐。
本发明进一步提供一种有机功能材料薄膜，包含一种如上所述的化合物或高聚物，或混合物，或利用一种按照上述组合物制备而成。优选的，所述的有机功能材料薄膜利用一种如上所述的组合物制备而成。
本发明还提供一种所述有机功能材料薄膜的制备方法，包含如下步骤：
1)制备一种按照本发明的组合物；
2)用印刷或涂布的方法将所述的组合物涂布于一基板上形成一薄膜，其中印刷或涂布的方法选于喷墨打印，喷印(Nozzle Printing)，活版印刷，丝网印刷，浸涂，旋转涂布，刮刀涂布，辊筒印花，扭转辊印刷，平版印刷，柔版印刷，轮转印刷，喷涂，刷涂或移印，狭缝型挤压式涂布；
3)将所得的薄膜在至少50℃加热，可选择性的加上紫外光照，使之发生交联反应，固化薄膜。
所述的有机功能材料薄膜厚度一般为50nm-200μm，较好为100nm-150μm，更好为500nm-100μm，更更好为1μm-50μm，最好为1μm-20μm。
在另一个优选的实施例中，所述的有机功能材料薄膜，其厚度介于20nm-20μm，较好是小于15μm，更好是小于10μm，更更好是小于8μm，特别好是小于6μm，最好是小于4μm，最最好是小于2μm。
本发明的另一目的是提供上述化合物或混合物在光电器件中的应用。
在某些实施例中，所述光电器件可选于有机发光二极管(OLED)、有机光伏电池(OPV)、有机发光电池(OLEEC)、有机场效应管(OFET)、有机发光场效应管、有机激光器、有机自旋电子器件、有机传感器及有机等离激元发射二极管(Organic Plasmon Emitting Diode)。
更进一步，本发明提供一种光电器件，包含一种如上所述的化合物或高聚物或混合物或有机功能材料薄膜。
在某些实施例中，所述光电器件可选于有机发光二极管(OLED)、有机光伏电池(OPV)、有机发光电池(OLEEC)、有机场效应管(OFET)、有机发光场效应管、有机激光器，有机自旋电子器件，有机传感器及有机等离激元发射二极管(Organic Plasmon Emitting Diode)。
优选的，所述的光电器件是电致发光器件，如有机发光二极管(OLED)、有机发光电池(OLEEC)、有机发光场效应管、钙钛矿发光二极管(PeLED)及量子点发光二极管(QD-LED)，其中一功能层中包含一种上述的化合物或混合物或有机功能材料薄膜。所述的功能层可以选自空穴注入层，空穴传输层，电子注入层，电子传输层，发光层，及阴极钝化层(CPL)。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述的光电器件是电致发光器件，包含两个电极，所述的功能层位于所述的两个电极的同一侧。
在另一个优选的实施例中，所述的光电器件包含一发光单元和一颜色转换层，其中所述的颜色转换层包含一种上述的化合物或混合物或有机功能材料薄膜。
在某些优选的实施例中，所述的发光单元选自固体发光器件。所述的固体发光器件优先选自LED、机发光二极管(OLED)、有机发光电池(OLEEC)、有机发光场效应管、钙钛矿发光二极管(PeLED)、量子点发光二极管(QD-LED)及纳米棒LED(nanorod LED，参见DOI:10.1038/srep28312)。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述的发光单元发射蓝光，通过颜色转换层转换成绿光。
在另一个优选的实施例中，所述的发光单元发射绿光，通过颜色转换层转换成黄光或红光。
本发明进一步涉及一种显示器，包含至少红绿蓝三种像素，如图1所示，蓝光像素包含一个蓝光发光单元，红绿光像素包含一蓝光发光单元和相应的红绿颜色转换层。
本发明进一步涉及一种有机发光器件，自下而上依次包含一基板、第一电极、一有机发光层、第二电极、一颜色转换层及一封装层(如，最外面的封装层)，第二电极至少是部分透明，其中，1)所述颜色转换层包含一种本发明的化合物或高聚物和一种发光体E；2)所述颜色转换层能至少部分吸收以上有机发光层所发的透过第二电极的光；3)所述化合物或高聚物的发光谱在所述发光体E的吸收谱的短波长的一侧，且至少部分相互重叠；4)所述的发光体E的发光谱的半峰宽(FWHM)小于或等于55nm。
本发明所述的化合物和发光体E及其优选实施例如上所述。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述颜色转换层能吸收30％及以上，较好是40％及以上，最好是45％及以上有机发光层所发的透过第二电极的光。
在另一个优选的实施例中，所述颜色转换层能吸收90％及以上，较好是95％及以上，更好是99％及以上，最好是99.9％及以上有机发光层所发的透过第二电极的光。
在某些实施例中，所述颜色转换层的厚度在100nm-5μm之间，较好是在150nm-4μm之间，更好是在200nm-3μm之间，最好是在200nm-2μm之间。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述有机电致发光器件是OLED。更优选的，第一电极是阳极，第二电极是阴极。特别优选的，所述有机电致发光器件是顶发射(Top Emission)OLED。
基片可以是不透明或透明。一个透明的基板可以用来制造一个透明的发光元器件。例如可参见，Bulovic等Nature 1996,380,p29，和Gu等，Appl.Phys.Lett.1996,68,p2606。基片可以是刚性的或弹性的。基片可以是塑料、金属、半导体晶片或玻璃。最好是基片有一个平滑的表面。无表面缺陷的基板是特别理想的选择。在一个优选的实施例中，基片是柔性的，可选于聚合物薄膜或塑料，其玻璃化温度(Tg)为150℃以上，较好是超过200℃，更好是超过250℃，最好是超过300℃。合适的柔性基板的例子有聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和聚乙二醇(2,6-萘)(PEN)。
阳极可包括一导电金属或金属氧化物，或导电聚合物。阳极可以容易地注入空穴到空穴注入层(HIL)或空穴传输层(HTL)或发光层中。在一个优选的实施例中，阳极的功函数和发光层中的发光体或作为HIL或HTL或电子阻挡层(EBL)的p型半导体材料的HOMO能级或价带能级的差的绝对值小于0.5eV，较好是小于0.3eV，最好是小于0.2eV。阳极材料的例子包括但不限于：Al、Cu、Au、Ag、Mg、Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Pd、Pt、ITO、铝掺杂氧化锌(AZO)等。其他合适的阳极材料是已知的，本领域普通技术人员可容易地选择使用。阳极材料可以使用任何合适的技术沉积，如一合适的物理气相沉积法，包括射频磁控溅射，真空热蒸发，电子束(e-beam)等。在某些实施例中，阳极是图案结构化的。图案化的ITO导电基板可在市场上买到，并且可以用来制备根据本发明的器件。
阴极可包括一导电金属或金属氧化物。阴极可以容易地注入电子到EIL或ETL或直接到发光层中。在一个优选的实施例中，阴极的功函数和发光层中发光体或作为电子注入层(EIL)或电子传输层(ETL)或空穴阻挡层(HBL)的n型半导体材料的LUMO能级或导带能级的差的绝对值小于0.5eV，较好是小于0.3eV，最好是小于0.2eV。原则上，所有可用作OLED的阴极的材料都可能作为本发明器件的阴极材料。阴极材料的例子包括但不限于：Al、Au、Ag、Ca、Ba、Mg、LiF/Al、MgAg合金、BaF2/Al、Cu、Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Pd、Pt、ITO等。阴极材料可以使用任何合适的技术沉积，如一合适的物理气相沉积法，包括射频磁控溅射，真空热蒸发，电子束(e-beam)等。在一个优选的实施例中，所述的阴极在400nm-680nm范围的透光度≥40％，较好是≥45％，更好是≥50％，最好是≥60％。通常是10nm-20nm的Mg：Ag合金可以用来做透明阴极，Mg：Ag的比例可以从2：8到0.5：9.5。
所述有机电致发光器件中，发光层优选包含一蓝光荧光主体和一蓝光荧光客体。在另一个 优选的实施例中，发光层包含一蓝光磷光主体和一蓝光磷光客体。OLED还可以包含其他功能层，如空穴注入层(HIL)、空穴传输层(HTL)、电子阻挡层(EBL)、电子注入层(EIL)、电子传输层(ETL)、空穴阻挡层(HBL)。适合用于这些功能层中的材料在上面及在WO2010135519A1、US20090134784A1和WO2011110277A1中有详细的描述，特此将此3篇专利文件中的全部内容并入本文作为参考。
进一步，所述有机电致发光器件还包括一个阴极覆盖层(Capping layer，简称CPL)。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述的CPL位于第二电极和所述的颜色转换层之间。
在另一个优选的实施例中，所述的CPL位于所述的颜色转换层之上。
用于CPL的材料一般需要有较高的折射率n，如n≥1.95@460nm，n≥1.90@520nm，n≥1.85@620nm。用于CPL材料的例子有：
更多的进一步的CPL材料的例子可以在如下的专利文献中找到：KR20140128653A，KR20140137231A，KR20140142021A，KR20140142923A，KR20140143618A，KR20140145370A，KR20150004099A，KR20150012835A，US9496520B2，US2015069350A1，CN103828485B，CN104380842B，CN105576143A，TW201506128A，CN103996794A，CN103996795A，CN104744450A，CN104752619A，CN101944570A，US2016308162A1，US9095033B2，US2014034942A1，WO2017014357A1；特将以上专利文献并入此文作为参考。
在一个较为优选的实施例中，颜色转换层中包含一种上述的CPL材料。在一个特别优选的实施例中，颜色转换层由一种上述的CPL材料，上述的化合物(主体材料H)和发光体E共蒸镀而成。在某些实施例中，上述的化合物(主体材料H)的质量比为50％-20％，上述的发光体E的质量比为10％-15％。
优选的，上述的有机电致发光器件，其中所述的封装层是薄膜封装(TFE)。
本发明进一步涉及一显示面板，其中至少有一个像素包含上述的有机电致发光器件。
下面将结合优选实施例对本发明进行说明，但本发明并不局限于下述实施例，应当理解，所附权利要求概括了本发明的范围在本发明构思的引导下本领域的技术人员应意识到，对本发明的各实施例所进行的一定的改变，都将被本发明的权利要求书的精神和范围所覆盖。
具体实施例
实施例1：化合物合成例
1.化合物1的合成
将碘苯(50.00g，245.1mmol)、2,6-二甲基苯胺(29.68g，245.1mmol)、醋酸钯(0.56g，2.45mmol)、三叔丁基膦(1mL)、叔丁醇钠(47.06g，490.2mmol)、500mL甲苯加入1000mL干燥洁净的三口烧瓶中，抽真空充氮气循环三次，加热至100℃回流反应5小时。反应结束后降至室温，加入乙酸乙酯、饱和食盐水萃取三次，有机相浓缩过短硅胶柱(淋洗剂二氯甲烷：正己烷＝1：10)，收集产品浓缩后得45g黑褐色固体中间体1a，产率93.7％。
将中间体1a(39.00g，197.3mmol)、1,3,6,8-四溴芘(22.7g，48.3mmol)、Pd-132(0.62g，0.97mmol)、X-Phos(0.62g)、叔丁醇钠(16.8g，175.3mmol)、1L二甲苯加入2000mL干燥洁净的三口烧瓶中，抽真空充氮气循环三次后，加热至140℃回流反应12小时。反应结束后降至室温，加入乙酸乙酯、饱和食盐水萃取三次，有机相浓缩，将产品用热甲苯溶清趁热过保温硅胶柱，收集滤液浓缩，加入正己烷打浆，抽滤，滤饼用正己烷冲洗得粗品5.1g。粗品用四氢呋喃加热打浆趁热抽滤得1g固体粉末，产率2.1％。
2.化合物2的合成
将2,6-二甲基苯胺(50.00g，413.2mmol)、2,6-二甲基溴苯(76g，413.2mmol)、醋酸钯(0.46g，2.05mmol)、三叔丁基膦(1mL)、叔丁醇钠(79.3g，826.04mmol)、500mL甲苯加入1000mL干燥洁净的三口烧瓶中，抽真空充氮气循环三次，加热至100℃回流反应2.5小时。反应结束后降至室温，加入乙酸乙酯、饱和食盐水萃取三次，有机相浓缩过短硅胶柱(淋洗剂二氯甲烷：正己烷＝1：10)，收集产品浓缩后得88g固体中间体2a，产率94.6％。
将中间体2a(48.9g，217.33mmol)、1,3,6,8-四溴芘(25g，48.3mmol)、Pd-132(1.67g，2.35mmol)、三叔丁基膦四氟硼酸盐(1.67g)、叔丁醇钠(18.54g，193.13mmol)、1L二甲苯加入2000mL干燥洁净的三口烧瓶中，抽真空充氮气循环三次后，加热至140℃回流反应12小时。反应结束后降至室温，加入二氯甲烷、饱和食盐水萃取三次，有机相浓缩，将产品用热甲苯溶清趁热过保温硅胶柱，收集滤液浓缩，加入正己烷打浆，抽滤，滤饼用正己烷冲洗得5g固体粉末，产率9.5％。
3.化合物3的合成
将2,6-二甲基苯胺(50.00g，413.2mmol)、4-叔丁基溴苯(88.00g，413.2mmol)、醋酸钯(0.46g，2.05mmol)、三叔丁基膦(1mL)、叔丁醇钠(59.5g，619.83mmol)、500mL甲苯加入1000mL干燥洁净的三口烧瓶中，抽真空充氮气循环三次，加热至100℃回流反应2.5小时。反应结束后降至室温，加入乙酸乙酯、饱和食盐水萃取三次，有机相浓缩过短硅胶柱(淋洗剂二氯甲烷：正己烷＝1：10)，收集产品浓缩得93g固体中间体3a，产率89.4％。
将中间体3a(43.97g，173.79mmol)、1,3,6,8-四溴芘(20g，38.62mmol)、Pd-132(0.82g，1.16mmol)、S-Phos(0.82g)、叔丁醇钠(14.83g，154.48mmol)、1L二甲苯加入2000mL干燥洁净的三口烧瓶中，抽真空充氮气循环三次后，加热至140℃回流反应12小时。反应结束后降至室温，加入二氯甲烷、饱和食盐水萃取三次，有机相浓缩，将产品用热甲苯溶清趁热过保温硅胶柱，收集滤液浓缩得25g粗品，粗品用二甲苯重结晶得20g固体粉末，产率42.8％。
4.化合物4的合成
将2,6-二甲基苯胺(14.85g，122.73mmol)、4a(50.00g，128.87mmol)、醋酸钯(0.28g，1.25mmol)、X-Phos(0.28g)、碳酸铯(59.98g，184.09mmol)、500mL甲苯加入1000mL干燥洁净的三口烧瓶中，抽真空充氮气循环三次，加热至100℃回流反应3.5小时。反应结束后降至室温，加入加入乙酸乙酯、饱和食盐水萃取三次，有机相浓缩过短硅胶柱(淋洗剂二氯甲烷：正己烷＝1：10)，收集产品浓缩得18g固体中间体4b，产率40.9％。
将中间体4b(18g，50.14mmol)、1,3,6,8-四溴芘(5.77g，11.14mmol)、Pd-132(0.16g，0.23mmol)、S-Phos(0.16g)、叔丁醇钠(4.28g，44.58mmol)、250mL二甲苯加入500mL干燥洁净的三口烧瓶中，抽真空充氮气循环三次后，加热至140℃回流反应14小时。反应结束后降至室温，加入二氯甲烷、饱和食盐水萃取三次，合并有机相浓缩得到粗品，经硅胶柱层析分离纯化(淋洗剂二氯甲烷：石油醚＝1:20)，得到1.8g固体粉末，产率9.9％。
5.化合物5的合成
将2,6-二甲基苯胺(21g，173.55mmol)、3,5-二叔丁基溴苯(47.00g，174.72mmol)、醋酸钯(0.19g，0.85mmol)、三叔丁基膦(1mL)、叔丁醇钠(24.09g，250.09mmol)、500mL甲苯加入1000mL干燥洁净的三口烧瓶中，抽真空充氮气循环三次，加热至100℃回流反应12小时。反应结束后降至室温，加入乙酸乙酯、饱和食盐水萃取三次，有机相浓缩过短硅胶柱(淋洗剂二氯甲烷：正己烷＝1：10)，收集产品浓缩后得48g油状物中间体5a，产率89.72％。
将中间体5a(53g，171.52mmol)、1,3,6,8-四溴芘(19.74g，38.12mmol)、Pd-132(0.54g，0.76mmol)、S-Phos(0.54g)、叔丁醇钠(14.64g，152.49mmol)、1L二甲苯加入2000mL干燥洁净的三口烧瓶中，抽真空充氮气循环三次后，加热至140℃回流反应14小时。反应结束后降至室温，加入二氯甲烷、饱和食盐水萃取三次，有机相浓缩，将产品用热甲苯溶清趁热过保温硅胶柱，收集滤液浓缩得30g粗品，粗品用四氢呋喃重结晶得22.5g固体粉末，产率41.3％。
6.化合物6的合成
将2,6-二异丙基苯胺(24.9g，140.68mmol)、4-叔丁基溴苯(30.00g，140.85mmol)、醋酸钯(0.16g，0.71mmol)、三叔丁基膦(1mL)、叔丁醇钠(20.3g，211.46mmol)、500mL甲苯加入1000mL干燥洁净的三口烧瓶中，抽真空充氮气循环三次，加热至100℃回流反应12小时。反应结束后降至室温，加入乙酸乙酯、饱和食盐水萃取三次，有机相浓缩过短硅胶柱(淋洗剂二氯甲烷：正己烷＝1：10)，收集产品浓缩得38g油状物中间体6a，产率86.9％。
将中间体6a(38g，122.98mmol)、1,3,6,8-四溴芘(14.15g，27.33mmol)、Pd-132(0.39g，0.55mmol)、S-Phos(0.39g)、叔丁醇钠(10.49g，109.27mmol)、1L二甲苯加入2000mL干燥洁净的三口烧瓶中，抽真空充氮气循环三次后，加热至140℃回流反应14小时。反应结束后降至室温，加入二氯甲烷、饱和食盐水萃取三次，合并有机相浓缩，经硅胶柱层析分离纯化(淋洗剂二氯甲烷：石油醚＝1：20)，得到3.9g固体粉末，产率10％。
7.化合物7的合成
将2,6-二异丙基苯胺(40g，225.99mmol)、3,5-二叔丁基溴苯(60.79g，226.82mmol)、醋酸钯(0.25g，1.11mmol)、三叔丁基膦(1.5mL)、叔丁醇钠(32.5g，338.54mmol)、500mL甲苯加入1000mL干燥洁净的三口烧瓶中，抽真空充氮气循环三次，加热至100℃回流反应12小时。反应结束后降至室温，加入乙酸乙酯、饱和食盐水萃取三次，有机相浓缩过短硅胶柱(淋洗剂二氯甲烷：正己烷＝1：10)，收集产品浓缩得76g固体中间体7a，产率92.1％。
将中间体7a(76g，208.22mmol)、1,3,6,8-四溴芘(23.96g，46.27mmol)、Pd-132(0.66g，0.93mmol)、S-Phos(0.66g)、叔丁醇钠(17.77g，185.10mmol.)、1L二甲苯加入2000mL干燥洁净的三口烧瓶中，抽真空充氮气循环三次后，加热至140℃回流反应14小时。结束反应后降至室温，加入二氯甲烷，饱和食盐水萃取三次，合并有机相浓缩，经硅胶柱层析分离纯化(淋洗剂二氯甲烷：石油醚＝1：20)，得到7g固体粉末，收率9.1％。
8.化合物8的合成
将2,6-二乙基苯胺(24.9g，167.11mmol)、3,5-二叔丁基溴苯(43g，160.45mmol)、醋酸钯(0.19g，0.85mmol)、三叔丁基膦(1mL)、叔丁醇钠(24g，250.0mmol)、500mL甲苯加入1000mL干燥洁净的三口烧瓶中，抽真空充氮气循环三次，加热至100℃回流反应12小时。反应结束后降至室温，加入乙酸乙酯、饱和食盐水萃取三次，合并有机相浓缩后过短硅胶柱(淋洗剂二氯甲烷：正己烷＝1：10)，收集产品浓缩得52g油状物中间体8a，收率96.3％。
将中间体8a(52g，154.30mmol)、1,3,6,8-四溴芘(17.76g，34.30mmol)、Pd-132(0.49g，0.69mmol)、S-Phos(0.49g)、叔丁醇钠(13.17g，137.19mmol，)、1L二甲苯加入2000mL干燥洁净的三口烧瓶中，抽真空充氮气循环三次，加热至140℃回流反应14小时。反应结束后降至室温，加入二氯甲烷、饱和食盐水萃取三次，合并有机相浓缩，将产品用热甲苯溶清趁热过保温硅胶柱，收集滤液浓缩得15g粗品，粗品用四氢呋喃重结晶得9.6g固体粉末，产率18.5％。
9.化合物9的合成
将2,6-二乙基苯胺(34.98g，234.74mmol)、4-叔丁基溴苯(50g，234.74mmol)、醋酸钯(0.26g，1.16mmol)、三叔丁基膦(1.5mL)、叔丁醇钠(33.8g，352.08mmol)、500mL甲苯加入1000mL干燥洁净的三口烧瓶中，抽真空充氮气循环三次，加热至100℃回流反应12小时。反应结束后降至室温，加入乙酸乙酯、饱和食盐水萃取三次，合并有机相浓缩后过短硅胶柱(淋洗剂二氯甲烷：正己烷＝1：10)，收集产品旋干得60g油状物中间体9a，产率90.9％。
将中间体9a(70g，249.11mmol)、1,3,6,8-四溴芘(30g，57.92mmol)、Pd-132(0.81g，1.14mmol)、S-Phos(0.81g)、叔丁醇钠(21.86g，227.71mmol)、1L二甲苯加入2000mL干燥洁净的三口烧瓶中，抽真空充氮气循环三次后，加热至140℃回流反应14小时。反应结束后降至室温，加入二氯甲烷、饱和食盐水萃取三次，将产品用热甲苯溶清趁热过保温硅胶柱，收集滤液浓缩得10g粗品，粗品用四氢呋喃重结晶得4g固体粉末，产率5.2％。
其他材料：
化合物10-21的合成跟化合物1-9的类似，对比例1的合成按照PCT专利(国际公布号WO2022213993A1)，对比例2的合成按照US20150069350A1。

22.高聚物P1的合成，其中x:y＝1:10
将1-硝基芘(10g，40.44mmol)、500mLDCM加入1000mL干燥洁净的三口烧瓶中，在黑暗条件下加入液溴(9.69g，121.3mmol)，抽真空充氮气循环三次，黑暗条件反应12小时，加入二氯甲烷、饱和食盐水萃取三次，旋转蒸发除去溶剂，用甲苯重结晶得15g固体粉末得到中间体P1a，产率76.2％。
将中间体P1a(15g，31.05mmol)、11a(41.55g，139.73mmol)、Pd(OAc)2(2.325mmol)、PtBu3(3.105mmol)、NaOtBu(26.85g，279.45mmol)、1L甲苯加入2000mL干燥洁净的三口烧瓶中，抽真空充氮气循环三次后，加热至120℃回流反应24小时。反应结束后降至室温，加入二氯甲烷、饱和食盐水萃取三次，合并有机相浓缩后过短硅胶柱(淋洗剂乙酸乙酯：正己烷＝1：20)，收集产品旋干得24g中间体P1b，产率71.2％。
将中间体P1b(24g，22.11mmol)、SnCl2(20.89g，110.54mmol)、1.5L无水乙醇加入2000mL干燥洁净的三口烧瓶中，抽真空充氮气循环三次后，加热至70℃反应1小时，将混合物倒入冰水中，加入碳酸氢钠溶液，使其略显碱性。沉淀物经过过滤和真空干燥，再溶于500mL无水乙醇，冷却至-5℃，边搅拌边缓慢加入NaNO2(2.42g，28.4mmol)的H2SO4溶液200mL，分批缓慢添加CuI(0.54g，2.84mmol)和I2(3.6g，28.4mmol)混合物，过滤，收集产品旋干得5g中间体P1c，产率19.4％。
将中间体P1c(5g，4.25mmol)、P1d(2.1g，6.5mmol)、Pd(OAc)2(0.075g)、PtBu3(0.1g)、NaOtBu(1.25g，12.75mmol)、500mL甲苯加入1000mL干燥洁净的三口烧瓶中，抽真空充氮气循环三次后，加热至120℃回流反应24小时。反应结束后降至室温，加入二氯甲烷、饱和食盐水萃取三次，合并有机相浓缩后过短硅胶柱(淋洗剂乙酸乙酯：正己烷＝1：20)，收集产品旋干得3.5g中间体P1e，产率61.2％。
将中间体P1e(3.5g，2.6mmol)、苯乙烯(2.70g，26mmol)、BPO(0.0624g，0.26mmol)、100ml DCM加入250ml干燥洁净的三口烧瓶中，抽真空充氮气循环三次后，搅拌，UV光照反应12小时。反应结束后，通过透析除去单体，干燥得到1.56g高聚物P1，产率25.1％。
作为绿光客体的E1、E2和E3的结构如下，其中E1购于上海麦克林生化科技有限公司，E2的合成见申请号为CN202211429395.8的在先专利申请,E3的合成见申请号为PCT/CN2023/131804的在先专利申请。
实施例2：化合物的能级结构
有机材料的能级可通过量子计算得到，比如利用TD-DFT(含时密度泛函理论)通过Gaussian09W(Gaussian Inc.)，具体的模拟方法可参见WO2011141110。首先用密度泛函理论方法“Ground State/DFT/Default Spin/B3LYP”与基组“6-31G(d)”(Charge 0/Spin Singlet)来优化分子几何结构，然后有机分子的能量结构由TD-DFT(含时密度泛函理论)方法算得“TD-SCF/DFT/Default Spin/B3PW91”与基组“6-31G(d)”(Charge 0/Spin Singlet)。HOMO和LUMO能级按照下面的校准公式计算，S1和T1直接使用。
HOMO(eV)＝((HOMO(G)×27.212)-0.9899)/1.1206
LUMO(eV)＝((LUMO(G)×27.212)-2.0041)/1.385
其中HOMO(G)和LUMO(G)是Gaussian 09W的直接计算结果，单位为Hartree。结果如下表1所示。
表1

实施例3：化合物的溶解度
化合物在甲苯中的溶解度以如下方法确定：
1.取1000mg甲苯溶液置于透明玻璃样品瓶中。
2.称取一定质量化合物溶于甲苯中，振荡静置，待完全溶解。
3.化合物完全溶解后继续称取一定质量化合物溶于甲苯中，振荡静置。
4.重复上述步骤，直至有沉淀出现，化合物不再溶解。
5.记录下添加化合物的总质量，计算得到溶解度。
化合物1-21及E1-E3在甲苯中的溶解度如下表2。
表2
实施例4：化合物的Abs/UV及消光系数(溶液和薄膜对比)
化合物的消光系数及其在溶液中Abs/UV光谱以如下方法测定：
1.用容量瓶配置一定物质的量浓度的化合物甲苯溶液。
2.使用紫外可见光分光光度计(普析T9s)测量溶液的吸收光谱，得到吸收峰位置。
3.最大吸收峰的吸光度除以溶液物质的当量浓度即为该化合物的摩尔消光系数。
4.使用荧光光谱仪(日立，F-4700FL Spectrophotometer)测量溶液的发射光谱，得到发射峰位置。
化合物在薄膜中Abs/UV光谱以如下方法测定：
1.配置一定浓度的化合物甲苯溶液。
2.将配好的甲苯溶液刮涂在干净的玻璃衬底上。
3.旋涂，80℃烘烤1min，得到化合物薄膜。
4.使用紫外可见光分光光度计(普析T9s)测量薄膜的吸收光谱，得到吸收峰位置。
5.使用荧光光谱仪(日立，F-4700FL Spectrophotometer)测量薄膜的发射光谱，得到发射峰位置。
化合物的消光系数及其在溶液和薄膜中的吸收发射峰如下表3。
表3

上表显示，所测的按照本发明的化合物都具有较高的摩尔消光系数。
图2-图27依次显示了化合物1、3、4、5、8、9、13、14、15、16、17、18、20的甲苯溶液及薄膜的吸收和发射光谱图。从这些图中可以得知，按照本发明的化合物，其在溶液及薄膜的吸收和发射光谱图非常类似，薄膜中光谱的红移非常小。这是由于芳胺中，芳基(这里是苯)上的邻位取代有效的防止了薄膜中分子间的堆积。
如上(实施例4)所述，化合物的光学性质：吸收和荧光发光光谱分别由光分光光度计(普析T9s)和荧光光谱仪(日立，F-4700FL Spectrophotometer)测得。图28显示了化合物E1的甲苯溶液的吸收和发射光谱图；图29显示了化合物E2的甲苯溶液的吸收和发射光谱图；图30显示了化合物E3的甲苯溶液的吸收和发射光谱图；图31和图32显示了对比例1的甲苯溶液及薄膜的吸收和发射光谱图。化合物E1-E3具有较窄的发光光谱，FWHM小于40nm。对比例1的薄膜的发射光谱发生了较大的红移且半峰宽展宽，虽然仍可作为绿光或红光主体，但可能会影响绿光的色纯度。相比之下，按照本发明的化合物的薄膜光谱与溶液光谱非常类似，红移非常小，更有利于制备高色纯度的CCL。
实施例5：化合物的光学性质及UV稳定性
化合物UV稳定性的测试方法如下：
配制1×10-5mol/L浓度的甲苯溶液，取3mL加到带盖子的比色皿中，旋紧盖子，置于紫外可见分光光度计中测试吸收光谱，最大吸收峰的吸光度记为初始值，将比色皿放置在距离紫外LED(365nm&255nm)12cm的位置，照射一段时间取出测试吸收光谱，测试完继续照射，如此反复直到吸光度衰减到原来的80％，记录下时间，记为t80。
图33显示了化合物1、3、4、5、8、9、13、15、16、20及对比例2的甲苯溶液UV光照后吸收衰减图。实验结果如下表，其中以对比例2的t80为100％。相比于对比例2，按照本发明的化合物，其光稳定性明显提高。
表4

实施例6：化合物薄膜蓝光稳定性
化合物8和对比例1的薄膜蓝光稳定性的测试方法如下：
蒸镀800nm左右化合物薄膜，用玻璃盖板封装，置于蓝光LED(460nm，3000cd/m2)上方2.5cm处用亮度计(弗士达，CS-2000A)测试亮度值，第一次测试的亮度值记为初始值，照射一段时间测试亮度，得到亮度衰减曲线，见图34。从图34可见，相比对比例1，化合物8的薄膜光稳定明显提高。
实施例7：颜色转换膜(CCL)的制备
7.1蒸镀薄膜：取化合物8和发光材料E1或E2或E3分别置于坩埚中，坩埚放入热蒸发设备，抽真空，真空度达到1×10-4Pa，开始加热坩埚，使两个有机化合物受热蒸发沉积到玻璃衬底上，达到目标厚度后停止加热，待冷却到80℃，热蒸发设备中充氮气达到大气压，然后打开腔体得到蒸镀CCL薄膜。
7.2溶液加工薄膜：取48mg化合物8溶于1mL甲苯溶液，搅拌30min，取2mg发光材料E1或E2或E3溶于溶液中，继续搅拌30min，取搅好的溶液滴在玻璃衬底上，旋涂，80℃加热5min，便得到CCL薄膜。
7.3树脂薄膜：取48mg化合物8溶于1mL树脂溶液，搅拌30min，取2mg发光材料E1或E2或E3溶于溶液中，继续搅拌30min，取搅拌好的溶液滴在玻璃衬底上，旋涂，紫外光固化，便得到CCL薄膜。
基于其他有机化合物的CCL可以以同样的方法按照7.1，7.2或7.3制得。
实施例8：OLED或LED+CCL膜的结果
1.顶发射蓝光OLED+树脂CCL：在顶发射蓝光OLED出光面上，按照上述7.3制备CCL树脂薄膜(E3作为发光体)，厚度约为4μm。
2.底发射蓝光OLED+树脂CCL：在底发射蓝光OLED出光面上，按照上述7.3制备CCL树脂薄膜(E3作为发光体)，厚度约为4μm。
3.用亮度计(弗士达，CS-2000A)分别测试顶发射蓝光OLED、顶发射蓝光OLED+树脂CCL，底发射蓝光OLED、底发射蓝光OLED+树脂CCL的光谱。图35显示了顶发射蓝光OLED+树脂CCL(E3作为发光体)图36显示了底发射蓝光OLED+树脂CCL(E3作为发光体)。如图所示，按本发明的树脂CCL在顶发射和顶发射器件中基本上可以全部吸收OLED的蓝光，并转换成窄光谱的绿光。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种包含化学式(I)所示的结构单元的化合物，
    R1-R4在每次出现时，可相同或不同的选自H、D，或者具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基基团，或者具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基、甲硅烷基基团，或者具有1至20个C原子的酮基基团，或者具有2至20个C原子的烷氧基羰基基团，或者具有4至20个C原子的芳氧基羰基，或者氰基、氨基甲酰基、卤甲酰基、甲酰基、异氰基、异氰酸酯、硫氰酸酯、异硫氰酸酯、羟基、NO2、CF3、Cl、Br、F、I、可交联的基团，或者具有5至40个环原子的取代或未取代的芳族或杂芳族环系，或者具有5至40个环原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基基团，或者具有5至40个环原子的芳胺基或杂芳胺基基团，以上基团任意位置的二取代单元或这些基团的组合；
    其特征在于，R1-R4中至少有三个相同或不同的选自化学式(I-1)-(I-4)中的一个：
    其中：
    *代表与芘的连接位点；
    Ar1选自取代或未取代的具有8-24个环原子的芳香族或杂芳香族环系；
    Ar2至Ar6相同或不同的选自取代或未取代的具有5至24个环原子的芳香族或杂芳香族，且化学式(I-2)至少包含一个吸电子基团；
    R11-R16是取代基，在每次出现时，可相同或不同的选自具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基基团，或者具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基、甲硅烷基基团，或者具有1至20个C原子的酮基基团，或者具有2至20个C原子的烷氧基羰基基团，或者具有4至20个C原子的芳氧基羰基基团，或者氰基、氨基甲酰基、卤甲酰基、甲酰基、异氰基、异氰酸酯、硫氰酸酯、异硫氰酸酯、羟基、NO2、CF3、Cl、Br、F、I、可交联的基团，或者具有5至40个环原子的取代或未取代的芳族或杂芳族环系，或者具有5至40个环原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基基团，或者具有5至40个环原子的芳胺基或杂芳胺基基团，或者这些基团的组合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物，其中化学式(I-1)中的Ar1选自如下结构式之一或其组合，其可进一步被取代：

    其中：X1-X8选于CR32或N；M1、M2、M3分别独立表示N(R32)、C(R32R33)2、Si(R32R33)2、O、C＝N(R32)、C＝C(R32R33)2、P(R32)、P(＝O)R32、S、S＝O、SO2或无；R30、R31、R32、R33在每次出现时，可相同或不同的选自H、D，或者具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基基团，或者具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基、甲硅烷基基团，或者具有1至20个C原子的酮基基团，或者具有2至20个C原子的烷氧基羰基基团，或者具有4至20个C原子的芳氧基羰基，或者氰基、氨基甲酰基、卤甲酰基、甲酰基、异氰基、异氰酸酯、硫氰酸酯、异硫氰酸酯、羟基、NO2、CF3、Cl、Br、F、I、可交联的基团，或者具有5至40个环原子的取代或未取代的芳族或杂芳族环系，或者具有5至40个环原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基基团，或者具有5至40个环原子的芳胺基或杂芳胺基基团，以上基团任意位置的二取代单元或这些基团的组合，其中一个或多个基团可以彼此和/或与所述基团键合的环形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族环系。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物，其特征在于，Ar2-Ar6在每次出现时，相互独立地选自如下结构式之一或其组合，且可进一步被任意取代：
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物，其特征在于，化学式(I-2)中的吸电子基团可选自F、氰基、部分或全氟化的烷基链、或如下基团中的一种：
    其中：n为1、2或3；X1-X10选于CR52或N，并且至少有一个是N；M1、M2、M3分别独立表示N(R53)、C(R53R54)2、Si(R53R54)2、O、C＝N(R53)、C＝C(R53R54)2、P(R53)、P(＝O)R53、S、S＝O、SO2或无；R50-R54在每次出现时，可相同或不同的选自H、D，或者具有1至20个C原子的直链的烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基基团，或者具有3至20个C原子的支链或环状的烷基、卤代烷基、烷氧基、硫代烷氧基、甲硅烷基基团，或者具有1至20个C原子的酮基基团，或者具有2至20个C原子的烷氧基羰基基团，或者具有4至20个C原子的芳氧基羰基，或者氰基、氨基甲酰基、卤甲酰基、甲酰基、异氰基、异氰酸酯、硫氰酸酯、异硫氰酸酯、羟基、NO2、CF3、Cl、Br、F、I、可交联的基团，或者具有5至40个环原子的取代或未取代的芳族或杂芳族环系，或者具有5至40个环原子的芳氧基或杂芳氧基基团，或者具有5至40个环原子的芳胺基或杂芳胺基基团，以上基团任意位置的二取代单元或这些基团的组合，其中一个或多个基团可以彼此和/或与所述基团键合的环形成单环或多环的脂族或芳族环系。
  5. 一种高聚物，包含至少一个重复单元，其特征在于，所述重复单元包含一种按照权利要求1-4任一项所述化合物所对应的结构。
  6. 一种混合物，包含至少一种如权利要求1-4任一项所述的化合物或如权利要求5所述的高聚物和另一种功能材料，所述另一种功能材料选自有机功能材料，其可选于空穴注入材料、空穴传输材料、空穴阻挡材料、电子注入材料、电子传输材料、电子阻挡材料、有机基质材料、单重态发光体、三重态发光体、热激发延迟荧光材料及有机染料。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的混合物，其特征在于，所述混合物还包含一种发光体E，1)所述化合物或所述高聚物的发光谱在所述发光体E的吸收谱的短波长的一侧，且至少部分相互重叠；2)所述发光体E的发光谱的半峰宽小于或等于55nm。
  8. 一种组合物，包含至少一种如权利要求1-4任一项所述的化合物或如权利要求5所述的高聚物，或一种如权利要求6-7任一项所述的混合物，至少一种有机溶剂，和/或一种有机树脂。
  9. 一种有机功能材料薄膜，包含一种如权利要求1至4任意一项所述的化合物或如权利要求5所述的高聚物，或一种如权利要求6-7任一项所述的混合物，或利用一种按照权利要求8的组合物制备而成。
  10. 一种光电器件，包含一种如权利要求1至4任意一项所述的化合物或如权利要求5所述的高聚物，或一种如权利要求6-7任一项所述的混合物，或一种如权利要求9所述的有机功能材料薄膜。
  11. 一种有机发光器件，自下而上依次包含一基板、第一电极、一有机发光层、第二电极、一颜色转换层及一封装层，所述第二电极至少是部分透明，其特征在于，1)所述颜色转换层包含一种如权利要求1至4任意一项所述的化合物或如权利要求5所述的高聚物，和一种发光 体E；2)所述颜色转换层至少部分吸收以上有机发光层所发的透过第二电极的光；3)所述化合物或高聚物的发光谱在所述发光体E的吸收谱的短波长的一侧，且至少部分相互重叠；4)所述发光体E的发光谱的半峰宽小于或等于55nm。
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