WO2024098368A1 - 电池单体、电池、用电设备和制备电池单体的方法和设备 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池、用电设备和制备电池单体的方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024098368A1
WO2024098368A1 PCT/CN2022/131319 CN2022131319W WO2024098368A1 WO 2024098368 A1 WO2024098368 A1 WO 2024098368A1 CN 2022131319 W CN2022131319 W CN 2022131319W WO 2024098368 A1 WO2024098368 A1 WO 2024098368A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
insulating film
electrode assembly
battery cell
battery
present application
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PCT/CN2022/131319
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
屠银行
刘义
宋世闯
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2022/131319 priority Critical patent/WO2024098368A1/zh
Publication of WO2024098368A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024098368A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/121—Organic material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery cell, a battery, an electrical device, and a method and device for preparing the battery cell.
  • the electrode assembly In the preparation process of battery cells, the electrode assembly needs to be loaded into a metal shell to complete the assembly after preparation. In order to achieve insulation between the electrode assembly and the shell, it is usually necessary to wrap an insulating film on the outer surface of the electrode assembly. However, the wrapping process of the existing insulating film is complicated and has a high defect rate, which is not conducive to improving the qualified rate of battery cells. Therefore, how to provide a battery cell including an insulating film to improve the qualified rate of battery cells is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, a battery, an electrical device, and a method and device for preparing a battery cell, which can improve the qualified rate of the battery cell.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, comprising: at least one electrode assembly; a shell, the shell being used to accommodate the at least one electrode assembly; an insulating film, being used to wrap the at least one electrode assembly to isolate the at least one electrode assembly from the shell, the insulating film being sleeve-shaped and the material of the insulating film being a heat shrinkable material.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, including at least one electrode assembly, a shell and an insulating film. At least one electrode assembly is accommodated in the shell, and the insulating film is used to wrap at least one electrode assembly to isolate at least one electrode assembly from the shell, so that insulation between at least one electrode assembly and the shell can be achieved.
  • the insulating film is sleeve-shaped and the material of the insulating film is a heat-shrinkable material.
  • the sleeve-shaped insulating film can be inserted into at least one electrode assembly and the insulating film can be heat-shrunk by heating to wrap at least one electrode assembly, so as to improve the problem of decreased qualified rate of battery cells caused by too small or too large distance between the insulating film and the end cover, and also improve the problem of decreased qualified rate of battery cells caused by poor hot melting. Therefore, the technical solution of the present application can improve the qualified rate of battery cells.
  • the insulating film has a first opening, and the first opening corresponds to an end of the at least one electrode assembly provided with a pole ear.
  • the pole ear can be exposed through the first opening, so as to facilitate the connection of the pole ear with other conductive components.
  • a bottom support sheet is provided on a side of the first surface of the insulating film opposite to the first opening and away from the at least one electrode assembly. In this way, wear between the first surface of the insulating film and the shell can be prevented, while the support of the insulating film to the at least one electrode assembly is enhanced.
  • the bottom support sheet is bonded to the insulating film, so that the bonding strength between the bottom support sheet and the insulating film can be enhanced.
  • the insulating film is configured to wrap the at least one electrode assembly after being connected to the bottom support sheet.
  • the bottom support sheet and the insulating film wrap the at least one electrode assembly as a whole, which is conducive to improving the strength of the insulating film and further ensuring that the insulating film isolates the at least one electrode assembly from the shell.
  • the material of the bottom support sheet includes insulating material, so that the insulation between the at least one electrode assembly and the housing can be further ensured.
  • the shape of the insulating film is consistent with the overall shape of the at least one electrode assembly, which is conducive to the lamination of the insulating film and the at least one electrode assembly.
  • the insulating film is attached to the at least one electrode assembly. After heat shrinkage, the insulating film is attached to the at least one electrode assembly, so that the insulating film can wrap the electrode assembly to reduce the risk of poor bonding.
  • the size of the insulating film before heat shrinkage is 1 mm to 10 mm larger than the size after heat shrinkage. In this way, it is convenient to insert at least one electrode assembly into the insulating film, and the insulating film can be attached to at least one electrode assembly after heat shrinkage.
  • the material of the insulating film includes at least one of polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polymethyl methacrylate, methylphenyl silicone resin, and polyethylene terephthalate. In this way, it is convenient to flexibly select an insulating film of a corresponding material according to actual needs.
  • the present application provides a battery, comprising the battery cell in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.
  • the present application provides an electrical device, comprising the battery described in the second aspect, wherein the battery is used to supply power to the electrical device.
  • the present application provides a method for preparing a battery cell, comprising: providing at least one electrode assembly; providing an insulating film, the insulating film being sleeve-shaped and made of a heat-shrinkable material; inserting the insulating film into the at least one electrode assembly; and heating the insulating film so that the insulating film wraps the at least one electrode assembly.
  • the technical solution of the present application can improve the problem of a decrease in the qualified rate of the battery cell caused by an excessively small or large distance between the insulating film and the end cap, and can also improve the problem of a decrease in the qualified rate of the battery cell caused by poor heat fusion.
  • the insulating film has a first opening, and the first opening corresponds to an end of the at least one electrode assembly provided with a pole ear.
  • the pole ear can be exposed through the first opening, so as to facilitate the connection of the pole ear with other conductive components.
  • the method before inserting the insulating film into the at least one electrode assembly, the method further includes: providing a bottom support sheet; and arranging the bottom support sheet on a side of the first surface of the insulating film opposite to the first opening and away from the at least one electrode assembly. In this way, wear between the first surface of the insulating film and the housing can be prevented, while the support of the insulating film to the at least one electrode assembly is enhanced.
  • the method further includes: detecting the appearance of the at least one electrode assembly wrapped with the insulating film; and determining whether to accommodate the at least one electrode assembly wrapped with the insulating film in the housing according to the appearance of the at least one electrode assembly. In this way, it can be determined whether the insulating film wraps the at least one electrode assembly according to the appearance of the at least one electrode assembly, thereby facilitating the determination of whether to place the at least one electrode assembly in the housing to complete the assembly of the battery cell.
  • determining whether to accommodate the at least one electrode assembly wrapped with the insulating film in the housing according to the appearance of the at least one electrode assembly includes: accommodating the at least one electrode assembly wrapped with the insulating film in the housing when the appearance of the at least one electrode assembly is normal. In this way, it can be ensured that the insulating film covers the at least one electrode assembly well, thereby ensuring the isolation of the at least one electrode assembly from the housing.
  • the present application provides an apparatus for preparing a battery cell, comprising: providing a module for providing at least one electrode assembly and an insulating film, wherein the insulating film is in the shape of a sleeve and the material of the insulating film is a heat shrinkable material; an installing module for inserting the insulating film into the at least one electrode assembly and heating the insulating film so that the insulating film wraps the at least one electrode assembly.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, including at least one electrode assembly, a shell and an insulating film. At least one electrode assembly is accommodated in the shell, and the insulating film is used to wrap at least one electrode assembly to isolate at least one electrode assembly from the shell, so that insulation between at least one electrode assembly and the shell can be achieved.
  • the insulating film is sleeve-shaped and the material of the insulating film is a heat-shrinkable material, so that the sleeve-shaped insulating film can be inserted into at least one electrode assembly and the insulating film can be heat-shrunk by heating to wrap at least one electrode assembly, so as to improve the problem of decreased qualified rate of battery cells caused by too small or too large distance between the insulating film and the end cover, and also improve the problem of decreased qualified rate of battery cells caused by poor hot melting. Therefore, the technical solution of the present application can improve the qualified rate of battery cells.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an insulating film in the related art
  • FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly coated with an insulating film in the related art
  • FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of an insulating film according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly provided with an end cap according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of a bottom support sheet according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a top view of an insulating film provided with a bottom support sheet according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly wrapped with an insulating film according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG12 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for preparing a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • a and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • the character "/" in this application generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.
  • the battery cell may include a primary battery or a secondary battery, and may also include a lithium-ion battery, a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-lithium-ion battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, etc., which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular or in other shapes, etc., which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in the present application may include a battery pack, etc.
  • the battery generally includes a box for encapsulating one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly is composed of a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet.
  • the battery cell mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector may be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material may be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganese oxide, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon, etc.
  • the electrode assembly can be a winding structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the battery may include multiple battery cells, wherein the multiple battery cells may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid connection, wherein the hybrid connection refers to a mixture of series and parallel connections.
  • multiple battery cells may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid connection to form a battery module, and multiple battery modules may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid connection to form a battery.
  • multiple battery cells may be directly formed into a battery, or may be first formed into a battery module, and the battery module may then be formed into a battery.
  • the battery is further disposed in an electrical device to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.
  • the requirements for various battery performances are getting higher and higher.
  • the requirements for the preparation process and qualified rate of battery cells are also getting higher and higher.
  • the electrode assembly In the preparation process of battery cells, the electrode assembly needs to be loaded into a metal shell to complete the assembly after it is prepared. In order to ensure the insulation between the electrode assembly and the shell, it is usually necessary to wrap an insulating film on the outer surface of the electrode assembly.
  • the existing insulation film wrapping process is complicated and has a high defect rate.
  • a sheet-shaped insulation film is usually used to coat the corresponding surface of the electrode assembly, and a preset distance is reserved at one end of the corresponding end cap of the insulation film to connect the insulation film to the lower plastic of the end cap.
  • the actual distance between the insulation film and the end cap is usually greater than or less than the preset distance, resulting in poor welding between the end cap and the shell or poor hot melting between the insulation film and the end cap, resulting in product rework or scrapping, which is not conducive to improving the qualified rate of battery cells.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, in which the insulating film that wraps the electrode assembly in the battery cell is set to be sleeve-shaped and the material is set to be a heat shrink material.
  • the technical solution of the present application can improve the decline in the qualified rate of the battery cell caused by the distance between the insulating film and the end cover being too small or too large, and can also improve the decline in the qualified rate of the battery cell caused by poor hot melting.
  • FIG1 it is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle.
  • the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • a motor 40, a controller 30 and a battery 10 may be provided inside the vehicle 1.
  • the controller 30 is used to control the battery 10 to power the motor 40.
  • a battery 10 may be provided at the bottom, front or rear of the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 10 may be used to power the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 10 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1, for the circuit system of the vehicle 1, for example, for the working power requirements during the start-up, navigation and operation of the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 10 may not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1, but also as a driving power source for the vehicle 1, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1.
  • the battery 10 may include multiple battery cells.
  • FIG. 2 which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery 10 according to an embodiment of the present application, the battery 10 may include multiple battery cells 20.
  • the battery 10 may also include a housing 11, the interior of the housing 11 is a hollow structure, and the multiple battery cells 20 are accommodated in the housing 11.
  • the multiple battery cells 20 are connected in parallel, in series, or in a mixed combination and placed in the housing 11.
  • the battery 10 may also include other structures, which are not described one by one here.
  • the battery 10 may also include a busbar, which is used to realize electrical connection between multiple battery cells 20, such as parallel connection, series connection or mixed connection.
  • the busbar can realize electrical connection between the battery cells 20 by connecting the electrode terminals of the battery cells 20.
  • the busbar can be fixed to the electrode terminals of the battery cells 20 by welding.
  • the electrical energy of multiple battery cells 20 can be further led out through the box 11 through the conductive mechanism.
  • the conductive mechanism may also belong to the busbar.
  • the number of battery cells 20 can be set to any value. Multiple battery cells 20 can be connected in series, parallel or hybrid to achieve a larger capacity or power. Since the number of battery cells 20 included in each battery 10 may be large, for ease of installation, the battery cells 20 can be grouped, and each group of battery cells 20 constitutes a battery module. The number of battery cells 20 included in the battery module is not limited and can be set according to demand.
  • the battery can include multiple battery modules, which can be connected in series, parallel or hybrid.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the exploded view of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • a battery cell 20 includes: at least one electrode assembly 22 , a housing 211 and an insulating film 26 .
  • the battery cell 20 includes at least one electrode assembly 22 .
  • the battery cell 20 includes four electrode assemblies 22 .
  • the housing 211 is used to accommodate at least one electrode assembly 22.
  • the housing 211 is used to accommodate four electrode assemblies 22. In other words, all the electrode assemblies 22 are accommodated in the housing 211.
  • the shell 211 is determined according to the shape of at least one electrode assembly 22 after being combined.
  • the shell 211 may be a hollow cuboid, cube or cylinder, and one of the faces of the shell 211 has an opening so that one or more electrode assemblies 22 can be placed in the shell 211.
  • one of the planes of the shell 211 is an open face, that is, the plane has no wall so that the inside and outside of the shell 211 are connected.
  • the end face of the shell 211 is an open face, that is, the end face has no wall so that the inside and outside of the shell 211 are connected.
  • the housing 211 is an aluminum housing or a steel housing.
  • the battery cell 20 may further include an end cap 212, which covers the opening of the housing 211 and is connected to the housing 211 to form a closed cavity for placing the electrode assembly 22.
  • the housing 211 is filled with an electrolyte, such as an electrolyte solution.
  • the insulating film 26 is used to wrap at least one electrode assembly 22 to isolate at least one electrode assembly 22 from the housing 211.
  • the battery cell 20 includes four electrode assemblies 22, and the insulating film 26 is used to wrap the four electrode assemblies 22 to isolate the four electrode assemblies 22 from the housing 211. In this way, the insulating film 26 can be used to achieve insulation between all electrode assemblies 22 and the housing 211.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an insulating film in the related art
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrode assembly coated with an insulating film in the related art.
  • the insulating film in the related art is usually a sheet structure.
  • a sheet-like insulating film is usually used to wrap the surface of the electrode assembly. After wrapping, at least part of the insulating film overlaps with each other. After wrapping the insulating film, the insulating film is connected to the end cap by hot melting.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an insulating film according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrode assembly provided with an end cap according to an embodiment of the present application. It should be noted that Fig. 8 schematically shows only two electrode assemblies 22, and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the number of electrode assemblies 22.
  • the insulating film 26 is in a sleeve shape and is made of a heat shrinkable material.
  • the insulating film 26 is sleeve-shaped, that is, the insulating film 26 is sleeved outside at least one electrode assembly 22, and the insulating film 26 is a cylindrical structure.
  • the insulating film 26 can be a sleeve in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, a cylindrical sleeve, or a sleeve in another shape, as long as at least one electrode assembly 22 can be sleeved therein.
  • the insulating film 26 is a heat shrinkable material, that is, after being heated, the insulating film 26 shrinks.
  • the degree of shrinkage of the insulating film 26 is related to the specific material of the insulating film 26 and the heating conditions, and can be specifically set according to actual conditions.
  • the insulating film 26 In the process of using the insulating film 26 to cover the electrode assembly 22, all the electrode assemblies 22 can be put into the insulating film 26, and there is no need to use a sheet-shaped insulating film to cover the outer surface of the electrode assembly 22 one by one, which is conducive to reducing the complexity of the process. At the same time, since the insulating film 26 is a heat shrinkable material, the insulating film 26 can be wrapped with all the electrode assemblies 22 by heating the insulating film 26.
  • the electrode assembly 22 is already connected to the end cap 212.
  • the electrode assembly 22 is connected to the lower plastic of the end cap 212, and the electrode assembly 22 may be connected to the lower plastic of the end cap 212 through an intermediate piece.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 20, including at least one electrode assembly 22, a shell 211 and an insulating film 26.
  • the at least one electrode assembly 22 is contained in the shell 211, and the insulating film 26 is used to wrap the at least one electrode assembly 22 to isolate the at least one electrode assembly 22 from the shell 211, so that the insulation between the at least one electrode assembly 22 and the shell 211 can be achieved.
  • the insulating film 26 is sleeve-shaped and the material of the insulating film 26 is a heat-shrinkable material, so that the sleeve-shaped insulating film 26 can be inserted into the at least one electrode assembly 22 and the insulating film 26 can be heat-shrinked by heating to wrap the at least one electrode assembly 22.
  • the technical solution of the present application can improve the problem of the decrease in the qualified rate of the battery cell 20 caused by the distance between the insulating film 26 and the end cap 212 being too small or too large, and can also improve the problem of the decrease in the qualified rate of the battery cell 20 caused by poor hot melting. Therefore, the technical solution of the present application can improve the qualified rate of the battery cell.
  • the insulating film 26 has a first opening 261 , and the first opening 261 corresponds to an end of at least one electrode assembly 22 where the electrode tab 221 is disposed.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a connecting member 23 .
  • the tab 221 of the electrode assembly 22 can be connected to the electrode terminal 214 on the end cover 212 through the connecting member 23 .
  • At least one electrode assembly 22 can be inserted into the insulating film 26 through the first opening 261 , and the tab 221 can be exposed through the first opening 261 , so that the tab 221 can be connected to other conductive components, such as the connecting member 23 .
  • the insulating film 26 has a first opening 261 , and one surface of the insulating film 26 may be an opening surface, so that the electrode assembly 22 can be inserted into the insulating film 26 through the first opening 261 .
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a bottom support sheet according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG10 is a top view of an insulating film provided with a bottom support sheet according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • a bottom support sheet 263 is provided on a side of the first surface 262 of the insulating film 26 that is opposite to the first opening 261 and is away from at least one electrode assembly 22.
  • the first surface 262 of the insulating film 26 is opposite to the first opening 261 along the z direction, and a bottom support sheet 263 is provided on the side of the first surface 262 away from the electrode assembly 22. That is, along the z direction or the thickness direction of the bottom support sheet 263, the bottom support sheet 263 is provided between the housing 211 and the first surface 262 of the insulating film 26.
  • the area of the bottom support sheet 263 is the same as the area of the first surface 262 .
  • the area of the bottom support sheet 263 is smaller than the area of the first surface 262 , so that the bottom support sheet 263 can be attached to the first surface 262 of the insulating film 26 easily.
  • the shape of the bottom support piece 263 may be a rectangle, an ellipse or other polygons, and may be specifically configured according to actual conditions, and the present application does not impose any specific restrictions on this.
  • the bottom support sheet 263 by disposing the bottom support sheet 263 between the housing 211 and the first surface 262 of the insulating film 26, wear between the first surface 262 of the insulating film 26 and the housing 211 can be prevented, and the support of the insulating film 26 to the at least one electrode assembly 22 is enhanced.
  • the bottom support sheet 263 is bonded to the insulating film 26 .
  • the bottom support sheet 263 is made of a sticky material.
  • a side of the bottom support sheet 263 in contact with the first surface 262 of the insulating film 26 is provided with adhesive, so that the bottom support sheet 263 and the first surface 262 of the insulating film 26 can be bonded to each other.
  • the bottom support sheet 263 is bonded to the insulating film 26 , which can enhance the connection strength between the bottom support sheet 263 and the insulating film 26 .
  • two surfaces of the bottom support sheet 263 that are opposite to each other in the thickness direction are both provided with adhesive backing.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrode assembly wrapped with an insulating film according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 11 , the electrode assembly 22 is wrapped with an insulating film 26 provided with a bottom support sheet 263 .
  • the insulating film 26 is configured to wrap at least one electrode assembly 22 after being connected to the bottom support sheet 263. In this way, the bottom support sheet 263 and the insulating film 26 wrap at least one electrode assembly 22 as a whole, which is conducive to improving the strength of the insulating film 26 and further ensuring that the insulating film 26 isolates at least one electrode assembly 22 from the shell 211.
  • the bottom support sheet 263 is a heat shrinkable material, so that the bottom support sheet 263 and the insulating film 26 can be heat shrunk as a whole and wrap at least one electrode assembly 22 .
  • the bottom support sheet 263 is connected to the insulating film 26 after the insulating film 26 is heat-shrunk. In this way, the bottom support sheet 263 and the insulating film 26 are easily attached.
  • the material of the bottom support sheet 263 includes an insulating material, so that the insulation between the at least one electrode assembly 22 and the housing 211 can be further ensured.
  • the material of the bottom support piece 263 is plastic or rubber.
  • the shape of the insulating film 26 is consistent with the overall shape of the at least one electrode assembly 22 .
  • the overall shape of at least one electrode assembly 22 is the shape of at least one electrode assembly 22 after being combined.
  • the shape of the insulating film 26 is consistent with the overall shape of at least one electrode assembly 22, that is, the shape of the insulating film 26 is similar to or substantially consistent with the outline of all electrode assemblies 22 after being combined. For example, if the shape of at least one electrode assembly 22 after being combined is a cylinder, the insulating film 26 is a hollow cylinder; if the shape of at least one electrode assembly 22 after being combined is a cuboid, the insulating film 26 is a hollow cuboid.
  • the shape of the insulating film 26 is consistent with the overall shape of the at least one electrode assembly 22 , which facilitates the fitting of the insulating film 26 and the at least one electrode assembly 22 .
  • the insulating film 26 is attached to at least one electrode assembly 22 .
  • the insulating film 26 is attached to at least one electrode assembly 22, so that the insulating film 26 can wrap the electrode assembly 22, thereby eliminating the need to tightly fit the insulating film 26 to at least one electrode assembly 22 by pasting blue glue, thereby reducing the risk of poor bonding.
  • the insulating film 26 is attached to at least one electrode assembly 22 , which may mean that after the insulating film 26 is heat-shrunk, the insulating film 26 is attached to at least one electrode assembly 22 .
  • the volume of the accommodation space of the insulating film 26 before heat shrinkage is larger than the volume of the at least one electrode assembly 22 , so it is convenient to insert the at least one electrode assembly 22 into the insulating film 26 .
  • the insulating film 26 is attached to at least one electrode assembly 22 after heat shrinkage, which may mean that the insulating film 26 is in close contact or tightly contact with all electrode assemblies 22 after heat shrinkage.
  • the length of the insulating film 26 may be slightly less than or slightly greater than the length of the electrode assembly 22. That is, since the insulating film 26 is in close contact or tightly contact with all electrode assemblies 22, it is not necessary to connect the insulating film 26 to the end cap 212 by hot melting, and the requirement for the distance between the insulating film 26 and the end cap 212 along the thickness direction of the end cap 212 is reduced, thereby reducing the difficulty of coating the insulating film 26.
  • the size of the insulating film 26 before heat shrinking is 1 mm to 10 mm larger than the size after heat shrinking, for example, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm. In other words, the size of the insulating film 26 before heat shrinking is 1 mm to 10 mm larger than the size of at least one electrode assembly 22.
  • the size of the insulating film 26 is 1mm to 10mm larger than the overall size of at least one electrode assembly 22.
  • the length direction may be the x direction
  • the width direction may be the y direction
  • the height direction may be the z direction.
  • the size of the insulating film 26 along the x direction is d1, the size in the y direction is d2, and the size in the z direction is d3;
  • the size of at least one electrode assembly 22 along the x direction is c1, the size in the y direction is c2, and the size in the z direction is c3. That is to say, at least one of the difference between d1 and c1, the difference between d2 and c2, and the difference between d3 and c3 is 1mm to 10mm.
  • the size of the accommodation space of the insulating film 26 before heat shrinkage in at least one direction is 1 mm smaller than the size of the at least one electrode assembly 22 , it is not convenient to insert the at least one electrode assembly 22 into the insulating film 26 .
  • the size of the accommodating space of the insulating film 26 before heat shrinkage in at least one direction is 10 mm larger than the size of at least one electrode assembly 22, although it is convenient to insert at least one electrode assembly 22 into the insulating film 26, it is not conducive to the insulating film 26 to fit with at least one electrode assembly 22 after heat shrinkage.
  • the size of the accommodating space of the insulating film 26 before heat shrinkage in at least one direction is 1 mm to 10 mm larger than the size of at least one electrode assembly 22, it is convenient to insert at least one electrode assembly 22 into the insulating film 26, and the insulating film 26 can be fitted with at least one electrode assembly 22 after heat shrinkage.
  • the size of the insulating film 26 before heat shrinkage is 3 mm to 5 mm larger than the size of at least one electrode assembly 22 .
  • the material of the insulating film 26 includes at least one of polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polymethyl methacrylate, methylphenyl silicone resin, and polyethylene terephthalate. In this way, the insulating film of the corresponding material can be flexibly selected according to actual needs.
  • the present application provides a battery 10 , comprising the battery cell 20 in the aforementioned embodiment.
  • the present application provides an electric device, including the battery 10 described above, and the battery 10 is used to supply power to the electric device.
  • the electric device can be a vehicle 1, a ship or a spacecraft, etc., but the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery cell 20, battery 10 and electrical equipment of the embodiment of the present application are described above.
  • the method and equipment for preparing the battery cell of the embodiment of the present application will be described below.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 12, method 300 includes the following steps.
  • step 310 at least one electrode assembly 22 is provided.
  • the electrode assembly 22 has been connected to the end cap 212.
  • the electrode tab 221 of the electrode assembly 22 is connected to the electrode terminal 214 of the end cap 212 through the connecting member 23.
  • the electrode assembly 22 can also be connected to the end cap 212 through other components.
  • Step 320 providing an insulating film 26 , wherein the insulating film 26 is in a sleeve shape and is made of a heat shrinkable material.
  • Step 330 insert the insulating film 26 into at least one electrode assembly 22 .
  • step 330 the position of the electrode assembly 22 is fixed, and the insulating film 26 is moved to insert the insulating film 26 into at least one electrode assembly 22 so that the electrode assembly 22 is accommodated in the accommodation space formed by the insulating film 26 .
  • the distance between the first opening 261 of the insulating film and the end cover 212 is within a preset range.
  • step 340 the insulating film 26 is subjected to a heat treatment so that the insulating film 26 wraps at least one electrode assembly 22 .
  • the insulating film 26 is heated by blowing hot air.
  • the temperature of the hot air and the time of blowing the hot air can be specifically set according to the material of the insulating film 26 .
  • hot air is evenly blown to various parts of the insulating film 36 to cause uniform heat shrinkage.
  • the method 300 further includes: accommodating at least one electrode assembly 22 wrapped with the insulating film 26 in the housing 211 .
  • the shell 211 and the end cover 212 are connected by welding.
  • the technical solution of the present application can improve the problem of decreased qualified rate of the battery cell 20 caused by too small or too large distance between the insulating film 26 and the end cover 212, and can also improve the problem of decreased qualified rate of the battery cell 20 caused by poor hot melting.
  • the insulating film 26 has a first opening 261 , and the first opening 261 corresponds to an end of at least one electrode assembly 22 where the electrode tab 221 is disposed.
  • the method 300 further includes: providing a bottom support sheet 263 ; and disposing the bottom support sheet 263 on a side of the first surface 262 of the insulating film 26 opposite to the first opening 261 and away from the at least one electrode assembly 22 .
  • method 300 further includes: detecting the appearance of at least one electrode assembly 22 wrapped with an insulating film 26; and determining whether to accommodate at least one electrode assembly 22 wrapped with an insulating film 26 in the shell 211 based on the appearance of at least one electrode assembly 22.
  • the appearance of at least one electrode assembly 22 may include the coating condition of the insulating film 26 of at least one electrode assembly 22, for example, whether the surface of the insulating film 26 is damaged, whether the insulating film 26 completely wraps the part of at least one electrode assembly 22 that needs to be wrapped, whether the insulating film 26 is in contact with at least one electrode assembly 22, etc.
  • determining whether to accommodate at least one electrode assembly 22 wrapped with an insulating film 26 in the housing 211 according to the appearance of at least one electrode assembly 22 includes: accommodating at least one electrode assembly 22 wrapped with an insulating film 26 in the housing 211 when the appearance of at least one electrode assembly 22 is normal. In this way, it can be ensured that the insulating film 26 covers the at least one electrode assembly 22 well, thereby ensuring the isolation of the at least one electrode assembly 22 from the housing 211.
  • the method 300 further includes: when the appearance of at least one electrode assembly 22 is abnormal, removing the insulating film 26 on the at least one electrode assembly 22 or conveying the at least one electrode assembly 22 to a discharge port.
  • a repair process may be performed, for example, the insulating film 26 is re-inserted into at least one electrode assembly 22 , and a heating treatment is performed to make the insulating film 26 adhere to at least one electrode assembly 22 .
  • At least one electrode assembly 22 is detected to have an abnormal appearance again after the rework process, it can be reworked again or at least one electrode assembly 22 can be transported to a material discharge port for subsequent centralized processing.
  • the method 300 further includes: conveying the assembled battery cells 20 to a discharge port.
  • the method 300 is executed by a control system, which may be a controller on a production line for producing battery cells.
  • a control system which may be a controller on a production line for producing battery cells.
  • FIG13 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for preparing a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the apparatus 400 includes a providing module 410 and an installing module 420 .
  • the providing module 410 is used to provide at least one electrode assembly 22 and an insulating film 26 .
  • the insulating film 26 is in a sleeve shape and is made of a heat shrinkable material.
  • the mounting module 420 is used to insert the insulating film 26 into at least one electrode assembly 22 and heat the insulating film 26 so that the insulating film 26 wraps the at least one electrode assembly 22 .
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 20, including at least one electrode assembly 22, a shell 211 and an insulating film 26.
  • the at least one electrode assembly 22 is contained in the shell 211, and the insulating film 26 is used to wrap the at least one electrode assembly 22 to isolate the at least one electrode assembly 22 from the shell 211, so that the insulation between the at least one electrode assembly 22 and the shell 211 can be achieved.
  • the insulating film 26 is sleeve-shaped and the material of the insulating film 26 is a heat shrinkable material, so that the sleeve-shaped insulating film 26 can be inserted into the at least one electrode assembly 22 and the insulating film 26 can be heat-shrunk by heating to wrap the at least one electrode assembly 22.
  • the technical solution of the present application can improve the problem of the decrease in the qualified rate of the battery cell 20 caused by the distance between the insulating film 26 and the end cover 212 being too small or too large, and can also improve the problem of the decrease in the qualified rate of the battery cell 20 caused by poor hot melting. Therefore, the technical solution of the present application can improve the qualified rate of the battery cell.

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  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供一种电池单体、电池、用电设备和制备电池单体的方法和设备，属于电池技术领域。电池单体包括：至少一个电极组件；壳体，壳体用于容纳至少一个电极组件；绝缘膜，用于包裹至少一个电极组件，以隔离至少一个电极组件与壳体，绝缘膜为套筒状并且绝缘膜的材料为热缩材料。本申请的技术方案可以提高电池单体的合格率。

Description

电池单体、电池、用电设备和制备电池单体的方法和设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池单体、电池、用电设备和制备电池单体的方法和设备。
背景技术
随着环境污染的日益加剧，新能源产业越来越受到人们的关注，二次电池作为很多电子产品、储能产品及电动汽车的重要组成部分，其性能将直接影响相关产品的推广使用。
在电池单体的制备过程中，电极组件制备完成后需要被装入金属的壳体中以完成组装。为了实现电极组件与壳体之间的绝缘，通常需要在电极组件的外表面包裹绝缘膜。然而，现有的绝缘膜的包裹过程复杂且不良率高，不利于电池单体的合格率的提升。因此，如何提供一种包括绝缘膜的电池单体，以提高电池单体的合格率是一项亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电池单体、电池、用电设备和制备电池单体的方法和设备，可以提高电池单体的合格率。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体，包括：至少一个电极组件；壳体，所述壳体用于容纳所述至少一个电极组件；绝缘膜，用于包裹所述至少一个电极组件，以隔离所述至少一个电极组件与所述壳体，所述绝缘膜为套筒状并且所述绝缘膜的材料为热缩材料。
本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，包括至少一个电极组件，壳体和绝缘膜。至少一个电极组件容纳于壳体中，绝缘膜用于包裹至少一个电极组件，以隔离至少一个电极组件与壳体，这样可以实现至少一个电极组件与壳体之间的绝缘。绝缘膜为套筒状并且绝缘膜的材料为热缩材料，这样，可以将套筒状的绝缘膜套入至少一个 电极组件并通过加热的方式使绝缘膜热缩以包裹至少一个电极组件，以改善绝缘膜与端盖之间距离过小或过大导致的电池单体的合格率的下降问题，同时也可以改善热熔不良导致的电池单体的合格率的下降问题。因此，本申请的技术方案可以提高电池单体的合格率。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述绝缘膜具有第一开口，所述第一开口与所述至少一个电极组件的设置有极耳的一端对应。这样，便于通过第一开口将至少一个电极组件套入绝缘膜，并且极耳可以通过第一开口露出，以便于极耳与其他导电部件连接。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述绝缘膜的与所述第一开口相对的第一表面的远离所述至少一个电极组件的一侧设置有底托片。这样，可以防止绝缘膜的第一表面与壳体之间的磨损，同时增强了绝缘膜对至少一个电极组件的支撑。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述底托片与所述绝缘膜粘接。这样，底托片与绝缘膜粘接，可以增强底托片与绝缘膜之间的连接强度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述绝缘膜被配置为与所述底托片连接后包裹所述至少一个电极组件。这样，底托片和绝缘膜作为一个整体对至少一个电极组件进行包裹，有利于提升绝缘膜的强度，进一步保证了绝缘膜对至少一个电极组件和壳体的隔离。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述底托片的材料包括绝缘材料。这样，可以进一步保证至少一个电极组件与壳体之间的绝缘。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述绝缘膜的形状与所述至少一个电极组件的整体形状一致。这样，有利于绝缘膜与至少一个电极组件的贴合。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述绝缘膜贴附于所述至少一个电极组件。绝缘膜在热缩后贴附于至少一个电极组件，可以实现绝缘膜对电极组件的包裹，以降低粘接不良等风险。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在至少一个方向上，所述绝缘膜在热缩前的尺寸比热缩后的尺寸大1mm～10mm。这样，既便于将至少一个电极组件套入绝缘膜，又可以实现绝缘膜热缩后与至少一个电极组件的贴合。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述绝缘膜的材料包括：聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基苯基硅树脂、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯中 的至少一种。这样，便于根据实际需要灵活选择相应材质的绝缘膜。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种电池，包括第一方面及其中任一种可能的实现方式中的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种用电设备，包括第二方面所述的电池，所述电池用于向所述用电设备供电。
第四方面，本申请提供了一种制备电池单体的方法，包括：提供至少一个电极组件；提供绝缘膜，所述绝缘膜为套筒状并且所述绝缘膜的材料为热缩材料；将所述绝缘膜套入所述至少一个电极组件；对所述绝缘膜进行加热处理，以使所述绝缘膜包裹所述至少一个电极组件。本申请的技术方案可以改善绝缘膜与端盖之间距离过小或过大导致的电池单体的合格率的下降，同时也可以改善热熔不良导致的电池单体的合格率的下降问题。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述绝缘膜具有第一开口，所述第一开口与所述至少一个电极组件的设置有极耳的一端对应。这样，便于通过第一开口将至少一个电极组件套入绝缘膜，并且极耳可以通过第一开口露出，以便于极耳与其他导电部件连接。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在所述将所述绝缘膜套入所述至少一个电极组件之前，所述方法还包括：提供底托片；将所述底托片设置于所述绝缘膜的与所述第一开口相对的第一表面的远离所述至少一个电极组件的一侧。这样，可以防止绝缘膜的第一表面与壳体之间的磨损，同时增强了绝缘膜对至少一个电极组件的支撑。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在所述对所述绝缘膜进行加热处理，以使所述绝缘膜包裹所述至少一个电极组件之后，所述方法还包括：检测包裹有所述绝缘膜的至少一个电极组件的外观；根据所述至少一个电极组件的外观，确定是否将包裹有所述绝缘膜的至少一个电极组件容纳于所述壳体。这样，可以根据至少一个电极组件的外观确定绝缘膜是否将至少一个电极组件包裹好，从而便于确定是否将至少一个电极组件放入壳体中以完成电池单体的组装。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述根据所述至少一个电极组件的外观，确定是否将包裹有所述绝缘膜的至少一个电极组件容纳于所述壳体，包括：在所述至少一个电极组件的外观正常的情况下，将包裹有所述绝缘膜的至少一个电极组件容纳于所述壳体。这样，可以保证绝缘膜将至少一个电极组件包覆好，从而可以保证至少一个 电极组件与外壳的隔离。
第五方面，本申请提供了一种制备电池单体的设备，包括：提供模块，用于提供至少一个电极组件和绝缘膜，所述绝缘膜为套筒状并且所述绝缘膜的材料为热缩材料；安装模块，用于将所述绝缘膜套入所述至少一个电极组件，并对所述绝缘膜进行加热处理，以使所述绝缘膜包裹所述至少一个电极组件。
本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，包括至少一个电极组件，壳体和绝缘膜。至少一个电极组件容纳于壳体中，绝缘膜用于包裹至少一个电极组件，以隔离至少一个电极组件与壳体，这样，可以实现至少一个电极组件与壳体之间的绝缘。绝缘膜为套筒状并且绝缘膜的材料为热缩材料，这样，可以将套筒状的绝缘膜套入至少一个电极组件并通过加热的方式使绝缘膜热缩以包裹至少一个电极组件，以改善绝缘膜与端盖之间距离过小或过大导致的电池单体的合格率的下降问题，同时也可以改善热熔不良导致的电池单体的合格率的下降问题。因此，本申请的技术方案可以提高电池单体的合格率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一实施例的一种车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一个实施例的一种电池的结构示意图；
图3为本申请一实施例的电池单体的结构示意图；
图4为本申请一实施例的电池单体的分解示意图；
图5为相关技术中的一种绝缘膜的结构示意图；
图6为相关技术中的一种包覆有绝缘膜的电极组件的结构示意图；
图7为本申请一实施例的绝缘膜的结构示意图；
图8为本申请一实施例的设置有端盖的电极组件的结构示意图；
图9为本申请一实施例的底托片的结构示意图；
图10为本申请一实施例的设置有底托片的绝缘膜的俯视图；
图11为本申请一实施例的包裹有绝缘膜的电极组件的结构示意图；
图12为本申请一实施例的制备电池单体的方法的示意性流程图；
图13为本申请一实施例的制备电池单体的设备的示意图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括一次电池或者二次电池，也可以包括锂离子电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的 电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解质，电极组件由正极片、负极片组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
为了满足不同的电力需求，电池可以包括多个电池单体，其中，多个电池单体之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。可选地，多个电池单体可以先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联组成电池。也就是说，多个电池单体可以直接组成电池，也可以先组成电池模块，电池模块再组成电池。电池再进一步设置于用电设备中，为用电设备提供电能。
随着电池技术的发展，对于电池的各项的性能的要求也越来越高。其中，对于电池单体的制备过程和合格率的要求也越来越高。在电池单体的制备过程中，电极组件制备完成后需要被装入金属的壳体中以完成组装。为了保证电极组件与壳体之间的绝缘，通常需要在电极组件的外表面包裹绝缘膜。
申请人经研究发现，现有的绝缘膜的包裹过程复杂且不良率高。在现有的包覆绝缘膜的工艺中，通常采用片状的绝缘膜包覆电极组件的相应表面，在绝缘膜的对应端盖的一端处预留有预设的距离，以使绝缘膜与端盖的下塑胶连接。在实际生产过程中，绝缘膜与端盖的实际距离通常会大于或小于预设的距离，从而导致端盖与壳体之间的焊接不良或绝缘膜与端盖之间的热熔不良，从而导致产品返修或报废，不利 于电池单体的合格率的提升。
基于此，本申请提供了一种电池单体，将包裹电池单体中的电极组件的绝缘膜设置为套筒状并且材质设置为热缩材料。这样，在将电极组件包裹绝缘膜的过程中，只需将绝缘膜套入电极组件，并通过加热处理使绝缘膜包裹电极组件即可。本申请的技术方案可改善绝缘膜与端盖之间距离过小或过大导致的电池单体的合格率的下降，同时也可以改善热熔不良导致的电池单体的合格率的下降问题。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案均适用于各种使用电池的装置，例如，手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动玩具、电动工具、电动车辆、船舶和航天器等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的设备，还可以适用于所有使用电池的设备，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动车辆为例进行说明。
例如，如图1所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种车辆1的结构示意图，车辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1的内部可以设置马达40，控制器30以及电池10，控制器30用来控制电池10为马达40供电。例如，在车辆1的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池10。电池10可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源，用于车辆1的电路系统，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，电池10不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池10可以包括多个电池单体。例如，如图2所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种电池10的结构示意图，电池10可以包括多个电池单体20。电池10还可以包括箱体11，箱体11内部为中空结构，多个电池单体20容纳于箱体11内。例如，多个电池单体20相互并联或串联或混联组合后置于箱体11内。
可选地，电池10还可以包括其他结构，在此不再一一赘述。例如，该电池10还可以包括汇流部件，汇流部件用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接，例如并联或串联或混联。具体地，汇流部件可通过连接电池单体20的电极端子实现电池单体20之间的电连接。进一步地，汇流部件可通过焊接固定于电池单体20的电极端子。多个 电池单体20的电能可进一步通过导电机构穿过箱体11而引出。可选地，导电机构也可属于汇流部件。
根据不同的电力需求，电池单体20的数量可以设置为任意数值。多个电池单体20可通过串联、并联或混联的方式连接以实现较大的容量或功率。由于每个电池10中包括的电池单体20的数量可能较多，为了便于安装，可以将电池单体20分组设置，每组电池单体20组成电池模块。电池模块中包括的电池单体20的数量不限，可以根据需求设置。电池可以包括多个电池模块，这些电池模块可通过串联、并联或混联的方式进行连接。
图3为本申请一实施例的电池单体的结构示意图，图4为本申请一实施例的电池单体的分解示意图。在本申请一实施例中，如图3和图4所示，电池单体20包括：至少一个电极组件22，壳体211和绝缘膜26。
电池单体20包括至少一个电极组件22，例如，如图4所示，电池单体20包括四个电极组件22。
壳体211用于容纳至少一个电极组件22，例如，如图4所示，壳体211用于容纳四个电极组件22。也可以说，所有的电极组件22均容纳于壳体211内。
壳体211根据至少一个电极组件22组合后的形状而定，例如，壳体211可以为中空的长方体或正方体或圆柱体，且壳体211的其中一个面具有开口以便一个或多个电极组件22可以放置于壳体211内。例如，当壳体211为中空的长方体或正方体时，壳体211的其中一个平面为开口面，即该平面不具有壁体而使得壳体211内外相通。当壳体211可以为中空的圆柱体时，壳体211的端面为开口面，即该端面不具有壁体而使得壳体211内外相通。
可选地，壳体211为铝壳或钢壳。
电池单体20还可以包括端盖212，端盖212覆盖壳体211的开口并与壳体211连接，以形成放置电极组件22的封闭的腔体。壳体211内填充有电解质，例如电解液。
绝缘膜26用于包裹至少一个电极组件22，以隔离至少一个电极组件22与壳体211。例如，如图4所示，电池单体20包括四个电极组件22，绝缘膜26用于包裹四个电极组件22，以隔离四个电极组件22与壳体211。这样，可以通过绝缘膜26实现所有的电极组件22与壳体211的绝缘。
图5为相关技术中的一种绝缘膜的结构示意图，图6为相关技术中的一种包覆有绝缘膜的电极组件的结构示意图。如图5和图6所示，相关技术中的绝缘膜通常为片状结构，相关技术中，通常采用片状的绝缘膜对电极组件的表面进行包裹，包裹后，绝缘膜的至少部分区域相互重叠。在包裹绝缘膜后，通过热熔的方式将绝缘膜与端盖连接。
图7为本申请一实施例的绝缘膜的结构示意图，图8为本申请一实施例的设置有端盖的电极组件的结构示意图。需要注意的是，图8示意性仅示出了两个电极组件22，本申请实施例对电极组件22的个数不作具体限制。
结合图7和图8所示，绝缘膜26为套筒状并且绝缘膜26的材料为热缩材料。
绝缘膜26为套筒状，也就是说，绝缘膜26套在至少一个电极组件22的外面，并且绝缘膜26为筒状结构。具体地，绝缘膜26可以为长方体形的套筒，圆柱体形的套筒或其他形状的套筒，只要可以将至少一个电极组件22套入即可。
绝缘膜26为热缩材料，也就是说，在受热后，绝缘膜26收缩。绝缘膜26收缩的程度与绝缘膜26的具体材料和受热条件相关，可以根据实际情况具体设置。
在使用绝缘膜26包覆电极组件22的过程中，可以将所有电极组件22套入绝缘膜26内，不需要采用片状的绝缘膜对电极组件22的外表面逐个进行包覆，有利于降低工艺的复杂度。同时，由于绝缘膜26为热缩材料，通过对绝缘膜26加热处理，可以使绝缘膜26包裹所有的电极组件22。这样，相比于通过热熔的方式将绝缘膜26包裹在电极组件22上，一方面，不需要采用热熔工艺，可以改善热熔拉丝或者热熔熔破绝缘膜26等现象；另一方面，可以改善绝缘膜26与端盖212之间沿端盖212的厚度方向的距离过小导致的端盖212与外壳211焊接发生焊穿的问题，也可以改善绝缘膜26与端盖212之间沿端盖212的厚度方向距离过大导致的绝缘膜26与端盖212的热熔不良问题。
可选地，如图8所示，在使用绝缘膜26包裹电极组件22前，电极组件22已经与端盖212连接。例如，电极组件22与端盖212的下塑胶连接，可以为电极组件22通过中间件与端盖212的下塑胶连接。
本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体20，包括至少一个电极组件22，壳体211和绝缘膜26。该至少一个电极组件22容纳于壳体211中，绝缘膜26用于包裹至少 一个电极组件22，以隔离至少一个电极组件22与壳体211，这样，可以实现至少一个电极组件22与壳体211之间的绝缘。绝缘膜26为套筒状并且绝缘膜26的材料为热缩材料，这样，可以将套筒状的绝缘膜26套入至少一个电极组件22并通过加热的方式使绝缘膜26热缩以包裹至少一个电极组件22。相比于采用片状的绝缘膜包覆至少一个电极组件，并在包覆后通过热熔的方式将绝缘膜与电池单体的端盖连接的方式，本申请的技术方案可以改善绝缘膜26与端盖212之间距离过小或过大导致的电池单体20的合格率的下降问题，同时也可以改善热熔不良导致的电池单体20的合格率的下降问题。因此，本申请的技术方案可以提高电池单体的合格率。
在一些实施例中，绝缘膜26具有第一开口261，第一开口261与至少一个电极组件22的设置有极耳221的一端对应。
可选地，电池单体20包括连接构件23。这样，电极组件22的极耳221可以通过连接构件23与端盖212上的电极端子214连接。
在一些实施例中，通过设置第一开口261，可以通过第一开口261将至少一个电极组件22套入绝缘膜26，并且极耳221可以通过第一开口261露出，以便于极耳221与其他导电部件，例如连接构件23连接。
绝缘膜26具有第一开口261，可以为绝缘膜26的一个面为开口面，这样，电极组件22可以通过第一开口261套入绝缘膜26。
图9为本申请一实施例的底托片的结构示意图，图10为本申请一实施例的设置有底托片的绝缘膜的俯视图。在一些实施例中，结合图7，图9和图10所示，绝缘膜26的与第一开口261相对的第一表面262的远离至少一个电极组件22的一侧设置有底托片263。
绝缘膜26的第一表面262沿z方向与第一开口261相对，第一表面262的远离电极组件22的一侧设置有底托片263。也就是说，沿z方向或底托片263的厚度方向，底托片263设置于壳体211和绝缘膜26的第一表面262之间。
可选地，底托片263的面积与第一表面262的面积相同。
可选地，底托片263的面积小于第一表面262的面积。这样，便于将底托片263贴合于绝缘膜26的第一表面262。
可选地，底托片263的形状可以为长方形、椭圆形或其他多边形，可以根据实际情况具体设置，本申请对此不作具体限制。
在一些实施例中，通过将底托片263设置于壳体211和绝缘膜26的第一表面262之间，可以防止绝缘膜26的第一表面262与壳体211之间的磨损，同时增强了绝缘膜26对至少一个电极组件22的支撑。此外，还便于将底托片263贴合于绝缘膜26，例如便于将底托片263粘接在绝缘膜26的第一表面262。
在一些实施例中，底托片263与绝缘膜26粘接。
可选地，底托片263为具有粘性的材料制备而成。
可选地，底托片263的与绝缘膜26的第一表面262接触的一面设置有背胶，从而可以实现底托片263与绝缘膜26的第一表面262之间的粘接。
在一些实施例中，底托片263与绝缘膜26粘接，可以增强底托片263与绝缘膜26之间的连接强度。
可选地，底托片263的沿厚度方向相对的两个表面均设置有背胶。
图11为本申请一实施例的包裹有绝缘膜的电极组件的结构示意图。如图11所示，电极组件22包覆有设置有底托片263的绝缘膜26。
在一些实施例中，绝缘膜26被配置为与底托片263连接后包裹至少一个电极组件22。这样，底托片263和绝缘膜26作为一个整体对至少一个电极组件22进行包裹，有利于提升绝缘膜26的强度，进一步保证了绝缘膜26对至少一个电极组件22和壳体211的隔离。
可选地，底托片263为热缩材料。这样，便于底托片263和绝缘膜26作为一个整体进行热缩，并对至少一个电极组件22进行包裹。
可选地，底托片263在绝缘膜26热缩后与绝缘膜26连接。这样，便于底托片263与绝缘膜26的贴合。
在一些实施例中，底托片263的材料包括绝缘材料。这样，可以进一步保证至少一个电极组件22与壳体211之间的绝缘。
可选地，底托片263的材料为塑料或橡胶。
在一些实施例中，绝缘膜26的形状与至少一个电极组件22的整体形状一致。
至少一个电极组件22的整体形状为至少一个电极组件22组合后的形状。绝缘膜26的形状与至少一个电极组件22的整体形状一致，也就是说，绝缘膜26的形状与所有电极组件22组合后的轮廓相似或大致一致。例如，至少一个电极组件22组 合后的形状为圆柱体，则绝缘膜26为中空的圆柱形；至少一个电极组件22组合后的形状为长方体，则绝缘膜26为中空的长方体形。
在一些实施例中，绝缘膜26的形状与至少一个电极组件22的整体形状一致，有利于绝缘膜26与至少一个电极组件22的贴合。
在一些实施例中，绝缘膜26贴附于至少一个电极组件22。
绝缘膜26贴附于至少一个电极组件22，可以实现绝缘膜26对电极组件22的包裹，从而不需要再通过贴蓝胶的方式将绝缘膜26与至少一个电极组件22紧密贴合，可以降低粘接不良等风险。
绝缘膜26贴附于至少一个电极组件22，可以指，绝缘膜26热缩完成后，绝缘膜26贴附于至少一个电极组件22。
绝缘膜26在热缩前的容纳空间的体积大于至少一个电极组件22的体积，这样便于将至少一个电极组件22套入绝缘膜26。
绝缘膜26在热缩后贴附于至少一个电极组件22，可以指，绝缘膜26在热缩后与所有的电极组件22贴合或紧密的贴合。例如，如图4所示，热缩后，沿z方向，绝缘膜26的长度可以略小于或略大于电极组件22的长度。也就是说，由于实现了绝缘膜26与所有的电极组件22的贴合或紧密贴合，无需采用热熔方式将绝缘膜26与端盖212连接，对绝缘膜26与端盖212之间的沿端盖212的厚度方向的距离的要求降低，从而降低了包覆绝缘膜26的难度。
在一些实施例中，在至少一个方向上，绝缘膜26在热缩前的尺寸热缩后的尺寸大1mm～10mm，例如2mm，3mm，4mm，5mm，8mm，10mm。也就是说，绝缘膜26在热缩前的尺寸比至少一个电极组件22的的尺寸大1mm～10mm。
例如，对于长方体形的绝缘膜26而言，在长度方向，宽度方向和高度方向中的至少一个方向上，绝缘膜26的尺寸比至少一个电极组件22的整体的尺寸大1mm～10mm。例如，长度方向可以为x方向，宽度方向为y方向，高度方向为z方向。绝缘膜26沿x方向的尺寸为d1，y方向的尺寸为d2，z方向的尺寸为d3；至少一个电极组件22沿x方向的尺寸为c1，y方向的尺寸为c2，z方向的尺寸为c3。也就是说d1与c1的差值，d2与c2的差值，d3与c3的差值中的至少一个为1mm～10mm。
在绝缘膜26在热缩前的容纳空间的在至少一个方向的尺寸比至少一个电极组件22的尺寸小1mm的情况下，不利于将至少一个电极组件22套入绝缘膜26。
在绝缘膜26在热缩前的容纳空间的在至少一个方向的尺寸比至少一个电极组件22的尺寸大10mm的情况下，虽然便于将至少一个电极组件22套入绝缘膜26，但不利于绝缘膜26在热缩后与至少一个电极组件22贴合。
通过将绝缘膜26在热缩前的容纳空间的在至少一个方向的尺寸设置为比至少一个电极组件22的尺寸大1mm～10mm，既便于将至少一个电极组件22套入绝缘膜26，又可以实现绝缘膜26热缩后与至少一个电极组件22的贴合。
可选地，在至少一个方向上，绝缘膜26在热缩前的尺寸比至少一个电极组件22的尺寸大3mm～5mm。
在一些实施例中，绝缘膜26的材料包括：聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基苯基硅树脂、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯中的至少一种。这样，便于根据实际需要灵活选择相应材质的绝缘膜。
应理解，本申请各实施例中相关的部分可以相互参考，为了简洁不再赘述。
本申请提供了一种电池10，包括前述实施例中的电池单体20。
本申请提供了一种用电设备，包括上文所述的电池10，电池10用于向用电设备供电。可选地，该用电设备可以为车辆1、船舶或航天器等，但本申请实施例对此并不限定。
上文描述了本申请实施例的电池单体20，电池10和用电设备，下面将描述本申请实施例的制备电池单体的方法和设备，其中未详细描述的部分可参见前述各实施例。
图12为本申请一实施例的制备电池单体的方法的示意性流程图。如图12所示，方法300包括以下步骤。
步骤310，提供至少一个电极组件22。
可选地，在步骤310中，电极组件22已经与端盖212连接。例如，电极组件22的极耳221通过连接构件23与端盖212的电极端子214连接。电极组件22也可以通过其他部件与端盖212连接。
步骤320，提供绝缘膜26，绝缘膜26为套筒状并且绝缘膜26的材料为热缩材料。
步骤330，将绝缘膜26套入至少一个电极组件22。
可选地，在步骤330中，电极组件22的位置固定不动，移动绝缘膜26，将绝缘膜26套入至少一个电极组件22，以使电极组件22容纳于绝缘膜26所形成的容纳空间内。
可选地，套好绝缘膜26后，绝缘膜的第一开口261距离端盖212的距离在预设范围内。
步骤340，对绝缘膜26进行加热处理，以使绝缘膜26包裹至少一个电极组件22。
可选地，在步骤340中，通过吹热风的方式对绝缘膜26进行加热处理。热风的温度和吹热风的时间可以根据绝缘膜26的材料具体设置。
可选地，对绝缘膜36的各个部位均匀地吹热风，以使其发生均匀地热缩。
可选地，在步骤340之后，方法300还包括：将包裹有绝缘膜26的至少一个电极组件22容纳于壳体211。
可选地，在将包裹有绝缘膜26的至少一个电极组件22容纳于壳体211之后，通过焊接的方式连接壳体211和端盖212。
在方法300中，相比于采用片状的绝缘膜包覆至少一个电极组件22，并在包覆后通过热熔的方式将绝缘膜与电池单体20的端盖212连接的方式，本申请的技术方案可以改善绝缘膜26与端盖212之间距离过小或过大导致的电池单体20的合格率的下降问题，同时也可以改善热熔不良导致的电池单体20的合格率的下降问题。
在一些实施例中，绝缘膜26具有第一开口261，第一开口261与至少一个电极组件22的设置有极耳221的一端对应。
这样，便于通过第一开口261将至少一个电极组件22套入绝缘膜26，并且极耳221可以通过第一开口261露出，以便于极耳221与其他导电部件连接。
在一些实施例中，在步骤330之前，方法300还包括：提供底托片263；将底托片263设置于绝缘膜26的与第一开口261相对的第一表面262的远离至少一个电极组件22的一侧。
这样，可以防止绝缘膜26的第一表面262与壳体211之间的磨损，同时增强了绝缘膜26对至少一个电极组件22的支撑。
在一些实施例中，在步骤340之后，方法300还包括：检测包裹有绝缘膜26的至少一个电极组件22的外观；根据至少一个电极组件22的外观，确定是否将包 裹有绝缘膜26的至少一个电极组件22容纳于壳体211。
这样，可以根据至少一个电极组件22的外观确定绝缘膜26是否将至少一个电极组件22包裹好，从而便于确定是否将至少一个电极组件22放入壳体中以完成电池单体20的组装。
至少一个电极组件22的外观可以包括至少一个电极组件22的绝缘膜26的包覆情况，例如，绝缘膜26的表面是否发生破损，绝缘膜26是否将至少一个电极组件22需要包裹的部分完全包裹、绝缘膜26是否与至少一个电极组件22贴合等。
在一些实施例中，根据至少一个电极组件22的外观，确定是否将包裹有绝缘膜26的至少一个电极组件22容纳于壳体211，包括：在至少一个电极组件22的外观正常的情况下，将包裹有绝缘膜26的至少一个电极组件22容纳于壳体211。这样，可以保证绝缘膜26将至少一个电极组件22包覆好，从而可以保证至少一个电极组件22与外壳211的隔离。
可选地，方法300还包括：在至少一个电极组件22的外观异常的情况下，拆除至少一个电极组件22上的绝缘膜26或将至少一个电极组件22输送至下料口。
在拆除绝缘膜26后，可以进行返修工序，例如，重新将绝缘膜26套入至少一个电极组件22，并进行加热处理使绝缘膜26贴附于至少一个电极组件22。
若已经经过返修工序，再次检测到至少一个电极组件22的外观异常，可再次返修或将至少一个电极组件22输送至下料口，以待后续的集中处理。
可选地，在将包裹有绝缘膜26的至少一个电极组件22容纳于壳体211之后，方法300还包括：将组装好的电池单体20输送至出料口。
可选地，方法300由控制系统执行，控制系统可以为生产电池单体的产线上的控制器。
图13为本申请一实施例的制备电池单体的设备的示意图。如图13所示，该设备400包括提供模块410和安装模块420。
提供模块410用于提供至少一个电极组件22和绝缘膜26，绝缘膜26为套筒状并且绝缘膜26的材料为热缩材料。
安装模块420用于将绝缘膜26套入至少一个电极组件22，并对绝缘膜26进行加热处理，以使绝缘膜26包裹至少一个电极组件22。
本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体20，包括至少一个电极组件22，壳体 211和绝缘膜26。该至少一个电极组件22容纳于壳体211中，绝缘膜26用于包裹至少一个电极组件22，以隔离至少一个电极组件22与壳体211，这样，可以实现至少一个电极组件22与壳体211之间的绝缘。绝缘膜26为套筒状并且绝缘膜26的材料为热缩材料，这样，可以将套筒状的绝缘膜26套入至少一个电极组件22并通过加热的方式使绝缘膜26热缩以包裹至少一个电极组件22。本申请的技术方案可以改善绝缘膜26与端盖212之间距离过小或过大导致的电池单体20的合格率的下降问题，同时也可以改善热熔不良导致的电池单体20的合格率的下降问题。因此，本申请的技术方案可以提高电池单体的合格率。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电池单体(20)，其特征在于，包括：
    至少一个电极组件(22)；
    壳体(211)，所述壳体(211)用于容纳所述至少一个电极组件(22)；
    绝缘膜(26)，用于包裹所述至少一个电极组件(22)，以隔离所述至少一个电极组件(22)与所述壳体(211)，所述绝缘膜(26)为套筒状并且所述绝缘膜(26)的材料为热缩材料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述绝缘膜(26)具有第一开口(261)，所述第一开口(261)与所述至少一个电极组件(22)的设置有极耳(221)的一端对应。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述绝缘膜(26)的与所述第一开口(261)相对的第一表面(262)的远离所述至少一个电极组件(22)的一侧设置有底托片(263)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述底托片(263)与所述绝缘膜(26)粘接。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述绝缘膜(26)被配置为与所述底托片(263)连接后包裹所述至少一个电极组件(22)。
  6. 根据权利要求3-5中任一项所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述底托片(263)的材料为绝缘材料。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述绝缘膜(26)的形状与所述至少一个电极组件(22)的整体形状一致。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述绝缘膜(26)贴附于所述至少一个电极组件(22)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，在至少一个方向上，所述绝缘膜(26)热缩前的尺寸比热缩后的尺寸大1mm～10mm。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的电池单体(20)，其特征在于，所述绝缘膜(26)的材料包括聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基苯基硅树脂、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯中的至少一种。
  11. 一种电池(10)，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的电池单体(20)。
  12. 一种用电设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求11所述的电池(10)，所述电池(10)用于向所述用电设备供电。
  13. 一种制备电池单体(20)的方法(300)，其特征在于，包括：
    提供(310)至少一个电极组件(22)；
    提供(320)绝缘膜(26)，所述绝缘膜(26)为套筒状并且所述绝缘膜(26)的材料为热缩材料；
    将所述绝缘膜(26)套入(330)所述至少一个电极组件(22)；
    对所述绝缘膜(26)进行加热(340)处理，以使所述绝缘膜(26)包裹所述至少一个电极组件(22)。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法(300)，其特征在于，所述绝缘膜(26)具有第一开口(261)，所述第一开口(261)与所述至少一个电极组件(22)的设置有极耳(221)的一端对应。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的方法(300)，其特征在于，在所述将所述绝缘膜(26)套入(330)所述至少一个电极组件(22)之前，所述方法(300)还包括：
    提供底托片(263)；
    将所述底托片(263)设置于所述绝缘膜(26)的与所述第一开口(261)相对的第一表面(262)的远离所述至少一个电极组件(22)的一侧。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法(300)，其特征在于，在所述对所述绝缘膜(26)进行加热(340)处理，以使所述绝缘膜(26)包裹所述至少一个电极组件(22)之后，所述方法(300)还包括：
    检测包裹有所述绝缘膜(26)的至少一个电极组件(22)的外观；
    根据所述至少一个电极组件(22)的外观，确定是否将包裹有所述绝缘膜(26)的至少一个电极组件(22)容纳于所述壳体(211)。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的方法(300)，其特征在于，所述根据所述至少一个电极组件(22)的外观，确定是否将包裹有所述绝缘膜(26)的至少一个电极组件(22)容纳于所述壳体(211)，包括：
    在所述至少一个电极组件(22)的外观正常的情况下，将包裹有所述绝缘膜 (26)的至少一个电极组件(22)容纳于所述壳体(211)。
  18. 一种制备电池单体(20)的设备(400)，其特征在于，包括：
    提供模块(410)，用于提供至少一个电极组件(22)和绝缘膜(26)，所述绝缘膜(26)为套筒状并且所述绝缘膜(26)的材料为热缩材料；
    安装模块(420)，用于将所述绝缘膜(26)套入所述至少一个电极组件(22)，并对所述绝缘膜(26)进行加热处理，以使所述绝缘膜(26)包裹所述至少一个电极组件(22)。
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