WO2024096726A1

WO2024096726A1 - Integrated bamboo construction system

Info

Publication number: WO2024096726A1
Application number: PCT/MX2023/050075
Authority: WO
Inventors: Demetrio Ramón CÓRDOVA GONZÁLEZ
Original assignee: Cordova Gonzalez Demetrio Ramon
Priority date: 2022-10-31
Filing date: 2024-01-03
Publication date: 2024-05-10

Abstract

The present invention relates to an integrated bamboo construction system, the main structural reinforcement element of which is a renewable material, wherein sustainability is achieved by replacing steel rebar with bamboo canes, slats or strips, from which boards made of bamboo micro beams are produced and which are reinforced with hexagonal meshes to which a continuous and/or constant tensioning force is applied, thereby generating prestressed bamboo micro-beam boards. This allows the construction of walls, floors or structural elements that are improved with the application of concrete and/or natural or synthetic mortars that may replace concrete, advantageously increasing the mechanical properties thereof, especially capacity to withstand and/or resist bending, and both simple and axial load-bearing capacity with respect to existing masonry walls.

Description

BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 1 - INTEGRAL BAMBOO SYSTEM FOR CONSTRUCTION Field of the Invention The present invention is related to the field of structures, buildings and civil engineering. In particular, the present invention refers to an integral system based on bamboo that can be used in the construction of buildings. Background of the Invention The use of bamboo, particularly as a structural element, is widely known; It is known that, since there has been a need to protect itself from environmental conditions, as well as from attacks by animals and insects, or even as a tool or auxiliary set for a plurality of processes, different technologies have been developed based on said material. The Romans, for example, used a large number of innovative techniques to support the weight of concrete, reducing the load that large structures had to support. An additional precedent within the state of the art, from the year 1848, the French inventor Joseph Luois Lambot built boats, flower pots, and seats with a material he called “Ferciment”, Patented under the number V8523. At the beginning of the forties, the Italian Engineer Pier Luigi Nervi returned to Lambot's original idea, and observed that, by reinforcing the concrete with layers of wire mesh, the resulting material presented mechanical characteristics of great resistance to impact; This gave rise to and/or is considered a precursor to the material today known as “ferrocement.” Ferrocement is a material with a plurality of uses and applications, such as in ships, silos, swimming pools, canals, etc.; Ferrocement is a type of thin-walled reinforced concrete commonly constructed of hydraulic cement mortar reinforced with closely spaced layers of continuous, relatively small-sized wire mesh. The mesh can be made of metal or other suitable materials,” and “hence the idea of using layers of mesh to provide rigidity to a structure.” On the other hand, in 1888 “prestressed concrete” was patented by Monier CFW Doehring, who clearly explained the idea of precompression. After failures due to poor quality materials, the idea of pre-compressed concrete was not taken up and/or used again until 1928, when the French engineer, Eugene Freyssinet, demonstrated that the use of high-strength materials was an option. BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 2 - predominant and necessary condition for the future of construction; Additionally, Freyssinet introduced and demonstrated the plastic behavior of concrete, allowing, since then, to distinguish between deformations due to contraction and creep; developed a high-quality steel reinforcement, which was prestressed close to its critical limit. Based on the above, Eugene Freyssinet is considered the father of prestressed concrete. With this, it is clear that prestressed concrete uses the tensioning/prestressing of high-strength steel, in order to induce compression forces and distribute them throughout the concrete section. In 1902, August Perret designed and built an apartment building in Paris, using uses of what he called a "trabeated system for reinforced concrete". This system was widely adopted, profoundly influencing the concrete-based construction process, for several decades. For their part, “bidirectional lightened slabs” are reinforced concrete slabs, from which a certain amount of material has been removed, creating internal voids and consequently reducing the general weight of the slab. After the Second World War, the first processes of what are today known as “joist and vault systems” were developed and implemented. An additional, more recent variant consists of a type of slab known as a W panel. On the other hand, it is known, within the prior art, for example, patent MX 2011003620 A, which describes a system that uses sections of bamboo poles of diameters less than 3 cm., without alteration of the cylindrical section of said bamboo sticks which, as is known, the natural arrangement of the bamboo fibers, that is, parallel to its axis, gives it great capacity to withstand tensile loads. and compression; In said assembly of reticles, where its cylindrical shape is not altered, a hexagonal mesh is used to which a series of knots are applied along the mesh in order to tension it. This system works efficiently to build load-bearing “walls and columns”, normally subject to compression-traction; However, when it is intended to be used to build solid slabs, it is less efficient, because among other things, when placing a section of bamboo horizontally, two reactions occur: firstly, derived from its cylindrical shape, a mechanical torsion effect is amplified. , that is, it will tend to rotate (2); and, on the other hand, it will tend to flex (4), which can cause and/or generate cracks in the concrete, which is an extremely relevant problem for a slab. Strictly speaking, a cylindrical rod erected vertically (1) is highly efficient, being that it can withstand 7 to 10 times the effects of compression loads, however, when placed “horizontally” it is susceptible to mechanical torsion effects (2 ); In addition to the above, if we overlap two cylindrical rods (3) perpendicularly, their point of contact is minimal, making it difficult to fix one with respect to the other. Therefore, it is clear that the system described in patent MX 2011003620 A. is not efficient and/or involves relevant complications to construct slabs. BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 3 - Summary of the Invention Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an integral bamboo system for the construction of walls, slabs, chains, girders, reinforcements and any element that serves as a support structure in buildings with various applications. It is another object of the present invention to provide a construction system with low environmental impact and sustainable. It is another objective of the present invention to provide boards of prestressed bamboo microbeams that allow the construction of more efficient structures, where the steel rods are replaced by the use of assembled and prestressed bamboo strips as structural reinforcement, providing resistance, weight reduction, stability. , damping to the effect of flexion and sustainability collaborating to support the loads generated by effects of live load, dead load, climate; wind, rain, hail, snowfall, heat, etc. An additional objective of the present invention is that, to provide greater resistance to the bamboo microbeams, join at least two bamboo strips to form a reinforced bamboo microbeam. Another objective of the present invention is to use the board of prestressed bamboo microbeams as a reinforcement structure in roofs of a construction system and to use said board of prestressed bamboo microbeams as a reinforcement structure in walls of a construction system. An additional object of the present invention is to use the prestressed bamboo micro beam boards as a complement to a construction system, where hydraulic concrete is used and if the design allows it, it can be replaced with mortar, mud, earth. compacted, potentiating the application of the system, as well as reducing the environmental impact from the common materials used in construction. An additional object of the present invention is to use prestressed bamboo microbeam boards as a complement to other sustainable construction systems, such as bamboo walls, wooden walls, stone walls, mud walls or compacted earth. Another objective of the present invention is to use bamboo culms as reinforcing elements for enclosure chains, joists, and reinforcements. An additional objective of the present invention is to use prestressed bamboo microbeam boards as a construction system, where their manufacture generates added value to bamboo cultivation. An additional objective of the present invention is to use the prestressed bamboo microbeam panels as a construction system, where the manufacturing process can be carried out in the workshop, reducing freight costs and waste on site. BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 4 - Brief Description of the Figures Figure 1 represents the way a bamboo culm supports a simple vertical load, the mechanical torsion effect of a horizontal bamboo culm, the point of contact between two horizontal bamboo culms , as well as the way a horizontal bamboo culm can flex when a simple load is applied and the mechanical torsion effect. Figure 2 represents an enclosure chain, a joist and a truss made of bamboo. Figure 3 represents a bamboo culm in section, the way it is divided into strips (rules), as well as the detail of a bamboo culm. Figure 4 represents a longitudinal bamboo strip and a transverse bamboo strip, an enclosing chain, as well as the way its assembly cuts are located. Figure 5 shows an assembled board, made up of a plurality of longitudinal and transverse rules. Figure 6 shows two layers of hexagonal mesh. Figure 7 represents two identical sections of hexagonal mesh and a board of bamboo microbeams prior to assembly. Figure 8 illustrates a detail of how the bamboo rules are assembled. Figure 9 represents the way to secure the hexagonal meshes on the perimeter of an assembled bamboo microbeam board. Figure 10 shows the way the wire, tape or cable is interwoven in a zig zag between the mesh layers. Figure 11 represents the detail, in section, of the passage of the wire, tape or zigzag cables, fastened from the starting header, passing the upper mesh across the board square, passing the lower mesh and rising again over the upper mesh, repeating the maneuver until reaching the other end of the board, it also shows how to apply the tension force before tying the wire on the finishing header, the tape or the cable to maintain the tension in said element. Figure 12 represents a prestressed bamboo microbeam board. Figure 13 shows the necessary components that make up a common comprehensive bamboo construction system. Figure 14 illustrates two walls with their respective enclosure chains, on which a formwork is enabled that will serve as support to insert a board of prestressed bamboo microbeams. Figure 15 represents the way to fasten a prestressed bamboo microbeam board to the supporting walls. Figure 16 shows a finished concrete slab supported by masonry walls. BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 5 - Figure 17 represents the integral bamboo construction system, using a bamboo framework to span large spans. Figure 18 represents a finished concrete slab supported by masonry walls. Figure 19 illustrates the elements required to install an integral bamboo construction system, supported by prestressed bamboo stems, using a bamboo truss. Figure 20 shows the integral bamboo construction system, supported by prestressed bamboo poles, using a bamboo frame, assembled. Figure 21 shows a construction element, made up of support walls, reinforcement and slab finished under the integral bamboo construction system. Detailed Description of the Invention Some aspects of the present invention will now be described in more detail using further reference to the accompanying drawings in which some embodiments and advantages of the present invention are shown. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various embodiments of the invention may be expressed in different ways and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments described herein; rather, these exemplary embodiments are provided to make this invention clear and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. For example, unless otherwise noted, something described as first, second, or similar should not be interpreted as a particular order. As used in the description and the accompanying claims, the singular forms "a", "one", "an", "the", include plural referents unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The different aspects of the present invention relate to an integral bamboo system, which advantageously offers an arrangement based on organic material, that is, bamboo, to offer a construction material/component with improved mechanical performance/characteristics. Within the present application and in order to avoid any confusion regarding the terms used therein, the bamboo poles are called culms, and each bamboo culm is made up of hollow cylindrical shaped canes that, at each certain distance, have small nodes or tympanums that join and close the gaps between sections, with diameters ranging from less than a centimeter to up to 20 cm. depending on the species of bamboo. In this same sense, a bamboo strip is the result of longitudinally sectioning a bamboo culm (8'); These rules have an approximate width of 3 centimeters, a maximum length of 6 meters and a thickness of half a centimeter. BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 6 - Within a very wide range of applications of bamboo, this application seeks to use bamboo for construction, particularly, using bamboos with diameters greater than 5 cm, unlike what exists and is known within the prior art; On the one hand, bamboo culms are assembled horizontally, with variations in their separation (5), use (6) and type of reinforcement (7) and on the other hand, the cylindrical section of the bamboo culms is divided into strips (8 ') or rulers; An expert will be able to glimpse, based on the teachings of the present invention, how properly grouped bamboo elements can become very structurally resistant, and can also be mechanically efficient and economical. In the system described in this application, despite its slenderness, its length predominates over the other two dimensions, resulting in the way in which a micro beam (9) is assembled perpendicularly with another (10') of the same system is of vital importance. . This characteristic is fundamental for the operation of the present invention, because when the rules are assembled they operate as a micro beam, as seen in Figure 8. Likewise, in the present application parallel culms connected to each other are used, through threaded steel rods (14), held by nuts and said culms, which operate as chains (6), joists (5) or reinforcements (7). There are a large number of resistance tests with favorable results, which have led some specialists to call it vegetable steel; Within the studies carried out and which will be shown later, in greater detail, in this application it is mentioned that “the value of the maximum “compression” stress in guadua laminates is dependent on the direction of the fibers, when the compression is in the same direction as the bamboo fiber (1) “is between 7 and 10 times greater than the maximum compressive stress, when it is perpendicular to the fiber”, from which it can be deduced that some sections of bamboo are not as efficient if they receive loads perpendicular to their length. The proposal for the “comprehensive bamboo construction system” as described in this application, is developed as a construction system that, through the use of assembled and reinforced bamboo elements, can build walls, chains, joists, reinforcements , slabs and mezzanines, with advantages in cost, speed, stability, structural safety over traditional systems but, mainly by replacing steel rods with bamboo elements, a renewable resource, our system stands out for being sustainable, taking a radical turn if We consider that, depending on the use of the space to be built, we can use concrete, mortar or even clay as mortar. For the sake of clarity, the “basic element” of the system of the present invention is defined as the boards made up of longitudinal (9) and transverse (10') bamboo strips. It should be noted that in view of the loads that must be supported, they are They can use several armed bamboo strips, specifying as “armed” the result of “gluing” along their entire length, BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 7 - longitudinally, “at least two bamboo strips”, where the assembled vertical and horizontal links will function as “small beams” (see Figure 8), and the “slenderness” ratio is drastically reduced. That is, the “maximum length” of the link between beams will be four to ten times its height, where the average height of “bamboo micro beams” is 2.0 to 5 cm, and at this point, reference will be made to the same as longitudinal and transverse “micro beams”, the longitudinal ones always being considered the longest ones (9), the transverse ones (10') these can go below the longitudinal ones or they can be interspersed above and below which, To facilitate its assembly, a plurality of equidistant assembly cuts (10') are made. The assembly effect on the bamboo micro beams provides two improvements: firstly, the rigidity where its bending resistance is advantageously increased and, On the other hand, it ensures that they remain in place/location and, once assembled, transform into a “self-supporting assembled bamboo micro beam board” as can be seen in Figure 5. The following process begins when They cover both sides of the board with two sections of hexagonal mesh (12) and (12'), and to hold them together to the board they are tied/fastened with a wire or tape (E) and/or with plastic fastening belts (E' ), along the outer perimeter of the board, as illustrated in Figure 9; Immediately afterwards, “the second and most important innovation is carried out within the process of the present invention”, where wire, tape and/or cable is used and interwoven in a zigzag manner, particularly in the longitudinal direction of the board (see Figure 12) taking care that, during this process, the filaments of the lower and upper layers of hexagonal mesh (11 and 11') are passed over; At the end of the passage of the wire, tape and/or cable through each of the frames, a constant tension force (12') is applied, in order to maintain the tension force in the wire, tape and/or cable, ensuring the tension effect permanently. The previously mentioned zigzag interweaving maneuver is carried out continuously, that is, without any interruption on each line perpendicular to the longitudinal squares of the board, as illustrated in Figure 11, resulting in prestressed bamboo microbeam boards. (see Figure 12), where the structural performance advantageously provides radical improvements for its use as prestressed bamboo microbeam boards that can function as walls, as seen in Figure 19. In the case of slabs, the boards (13) are moved on enclosure chains (6) and are fastened to the supporting structural elements, which can be masonry, walls (15), columns or bamboo boards, with the intention of bridging gaps of less than 5 meters, It is proposed to install on the enclosure chains (6) and perpendicularly beams (5) on both edges of the slab board (13), as illustrated in Figure 14. When the spans to be saved are greater than 5 meters , bamboo reinforcements (7) that are mounted on the enclosure chains (6) are used as longitudinal support, as seen in Figure 19. BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 8 - Subsequently, a formwork (16) is enabled or, alternatively, it can be considered to replace the formwork with a bamboo mat, which would remain as an apparent finish for the ceiling. In both walls and slabs, the installation of pipes and ducts of the corresponding facilities must be considered, and then the specified mortar is poured onto the board according to the design, remaining drowned and once the setting time is over, the system will be finished. It should be noted that in the context of the present invention, the mortar can be any selected from the group that includes concrete, mortar, mud, compacted earth and once the setting of the mortar has been achieved, said mortar becomes an "integral bamboo system." for construction” as described in the present invention and as illustrated in Figure 21, and that provides an advantageous solution, which also categorizes the system of the present invention in a novel and innovative application niche. The construction procedure, as well as the elements that make up the present invention, are clearly shown and detailed in the present description and drawings, which are included to illustrate the invention in a general way and, therefore, should not be considered to limit the present invention. Within a broad background of previous art with traditional construction systems, the “comprehensive bamboo construction system” is proposed as a new structurally efficient, economical and sustainable construction system, with a simple construction process, where two innovative features: the short distance assembly of bamboo micro beams (see Figure 5) providing greater resistance, as well as the way of attaching the lower and upper layers of mesh in a zigzag to generate a pretension effect as illustrated in the Figure 10, and on the other hand, the use of enclosure chains, joists and reinforcements made of bamboo, configured to load, bind, and hold the elements to form a structure. The construction process begins with the first innovation and is the result of the “assembly” of micro bamboo beams horizontally and vertically, generating assembled bamboo boards (see Figure 5) according to the required dimensions, observing in all cases the envelope of all faces of the board with sections of hexagonal mesh (see Figures 11 and 11') and to keep both sections of the mesh held in place, they are fixed using wire (E) and/or tape and/or plastic fastening belts (E ') around the entire perimeter of the assembled bamboo board (see Figure 9); Subsequently, “the second and most important innovation in the process” is carried out, where, as previously described, cable, wire and/or tape is used, where a knot is also made on the starting header. ; Said cable is interwoven in a zigzag manner and in the longitudinal direction of the board (see Figure 10), ensuring that said cable passes over the filaments of the lower and upper layers of hexagonal mesh, at the end of passing the wire, tape or the cable for each of the frames, a force is applied to it and it is tensioned (12') subsequently and with BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 9 - the purpose of maintaining the tension force is tied and a second knot is generated, as a stop on the finishing head, ensuring permanent tension. The previously mentioned zigzag interweaving maneuver is carried out continuously without interruption on each vertical line of longitudinal squares of the board (see Figure 10), where said mechanical tension effect directly affects the filaments of the mesh layers, generating tension. on both sides of the mesh, resulting in boards of prestressed bamboo microbeams (see Figure 12), which provides radical, substantial and advantageous improvements for its use, particularly, in order to generate the link between walls and slabs, using enclosure chains (6) made up of two parallel bamboo culms connected to each other, which can range from 30 to 90 centimeters by threaded and screwed rods that protrude at least 50 centimeters; These rods allow connecting downwards with the walls and upwards with the slabs, thus preventing their displacement. On the other hand, a third innovation consists of the use of two parallel bamboo culms connected to each other, which can range from 30 to 90 centimeters by threaded rods screwed at their ends (5) whose function will be as support joists for the slabs. A fourth innovation consists of the use of two bamboo culms and a plurality of threaded steel rods that, vertically in a zig zag manner, connect the upper culm to the lower culm, forming an armor that will allow large gaps to be bridged. As previously mentioned in this application, the tensile effect on the board makes it self-supporting, that is, it allows it to remain stable, and where the support structure, in the case of walls and/or slabs, must have with anchors or holding rods (14) that bend over prestressed bamboo microbeam boards (see Figure 15), thus avoiding horizontal displacement; In either case, a containment formwork (16) is used to prevent the mortar from spilling, and subsequently, the mortar is poured onto the boards; When the setting time concludes, the process results in a “Prestressed Bamboo Micro Beam Board Slab”. The integral bamboo construction system of the present invention advantageously uses renewable, low-impact materials as a structural element, generating a “sustainable” construction system, being also capable of being used on any traditional construction system. The integral bamboo construction system, in its slab form, advantageously presents outstanding structural rigidity, which cushions the bending effect. In one embodiment of the invention, the integral bamboo system can be used to form a roof structure that, depending on the design conditions of each project, can be flat slabs or inclined slabs. In another embodiment of the invention, where the prestressed bamboo micro beam boards, prior to pouring the mortar, can be placed on the formwork. BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 10 - polystyrene sheets, mineral wool, pellets, in order to cushion the temperature gradient and/or reduce the self-weight of the slab. In an additional embodiment of the invention, where the prestressed bamboo microbeam boards, particularly in their slab form, the present invention allows the application of a special release agent arranged on the surface of the formwork that will prevent it from adhering to the formwork, and if the design requires it, replace the concrete with a synthetic mortar of polyurethane foam, reinforced earth, resins, cellulose paste, in order to cushion the temperature gradient, isolate noise and reduce its own weight. of the structure. In an additional embodiment of the invention, where the prestressed bamboo microbeam boards, particularly in their reinforced wall mode, the system of the present invention can be installed on any foundation system, with the condition that said foundation considers drown in their entire length, anchors or rods with an exposed length between 40 and 120 cm, and with a minimum separation between them between 30 and up to 90 cm. In an additional embodiment of the invention, where the prestressed bamboo microbeam boards, particularly in their form of reinforced walls, the mortar can be cast using formwork, or thrown manually or by mechanical means for its application, without any limitation. to the means described or suggested in this application, but on the contrary, those means currently available and/or used; and on the other hand, in one embodiment of the present invention, the mortar to be used can be any selected from the group that includes concrete, mortar, calcrete, clay, reinforced earth, combinations thereof and/or similar. Many modifications and other embodiments of the invention will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, who has the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it should be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the specific and exemplary embodiments described, but rather that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are used herein, they are used only in a generic and descriptive sense and not for limiting purposes. Likewise, it must be understood that the materials with which the different components comprising the invention described in this document can be manufactured, the geometries, dimensions, arrangements and other elements may vary without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention and therefore, the The aforementioned modalities should not be considered limiting. EXAMPLES In this sense and in order to validate the technical advantage present in the integral bamboo system invention, a preliminary experimental test has been carried out, aided by the BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 11 - laboratory of the Mexican Institute of Concrete Cement (IMCYC); The purpose of the experimental tests carried out allows the invention to be characterized in the sense of its operation and performance, allowing the demonstration, in a very favorable manner, of the clear advantages of incorporating the system described throughout this application, and applying it within the scope of the construction. Within these tests, eight longitudinal screeds of 3 meters were used, 18 perpendicular screeds of 1.20 meters were used, and a 12 cm slab cant, in addition to using semi-joists of bamboo culms as lateral support at the longitudinal ends. Likewise, tests were carried out in accordance with the Complementary Technical Standards of the Construction Regulations for the Federal District on 9 walls and 9 piles with our system. In particular, the purpose of the diagonal compression tests of WALLS carried out is to obtain the design resistant shear stress (v*) and, on the other hand, the purpose of the compression test of PILES carried out is to obtain the compression resistance ( f*m); Likewise, compression tests were carried out on concrete cylinders used for the manufacture of piles and walls using the integral bamboo system according to the present invention to determine the compression resistance at 7, 14 and 28 days. Both Piles and Walls were manufactured with concrete and bamboo reinforcements, and although a standardized method is not established for bamboo-reinforced concrete piles and walls as handled and/or described in this description, the method used was that specified in the Complementary Technical Standards for Design and Construction of Masonry Structures of the Construction Regulations of Mexico City and the Standards NMX-C-464-ONNCCE-2010. Experimentation 1 Type of piece Piles A of 12 cm x 40 cm x 60 cm Walls A of 12 cm x 40 cm x 40 cm Piles B of 12 cm x 40 cm the laboratory facilities by IMCYC personnel, with the bamboo structure designed by the applicant and based on the process, materials and specifications as described throughout this description. For the concrete of the pieces, a mixture f'c = 200 kg/cm2 was used. The calculation of the design shear stress (v*) and the design compressive strength (f*m) as walls and piers, is BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 12 - calculated in accordance with the provisions of Standard NMX-C-464-ONNCCE-2010 and, under the following formula: Design compression resistance: where: f*m = Design compression resistance fm = Average resistance of the piles tested and corrected for slenderness Cm = coefficient of variation of the resistance of the piles tested The tests to determine the design resistance to compression (f*m) in piles and the test to determine the shear stress of design (v*) on walls, were carried out in accordance with the provisions of Standard NMX-C-464-ONNCCE-2010 and the results obtained are illustrated in Tables 1-5, shown below. Table 1 – SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS Summary of Concept

BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 13 - Table 2 – COMPRESSION TEST OF PILES Factor Fm Length or Essence Height Area Ratio Car to F*m

fm = Design compressive strength of the masonry fm = It is the average resistance of the piles tested and corrected for slenderness Cm = 0.15 (it is the coefficient of variation of the resistance of the piles tested) ^^ ^^ Formula: ^ ^ ∗ ^^ = 1+2.5 ^^ ^^ Table 3 – DIAGONAL COMPRESSION TEST OF WALLS Length Height thickness Diagonal Area Load v V* ID

BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 14 - Where: v* = Design resistant shear stress v = It is the average of the resistant forces of the tested walls Cv = (Coefficient of variation of the resistant forces of the tested walls) Formula: ^^ ∗ = ^^ 1+2.5 ^^ ^^ Table 4 – COMPRESSION TEST OF PILES Factor Fm Length or Essor Height Area Ratio Car to F*m

Where: f*m = Design compressive strength of the masonry fm = It is the average resistance of the piles tested and corrected for slenderness Cm = (it is the coefficient of variation of the resistance of the piles tested) ^^ ^ ^ Formula: ^^ ∗ ^^ = 1+2.5 ^^ ^^ Table 5 – COMPRESSION STRENGTH OF CONCRETE CYLINDERS Strength Strength Mass

BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 15 - Where The specified resistance (kg/cm2) is 200; The specific resistance (MPa) is 19.6. The maximum nominal size of the aggregate (mm) is 20. Experimentation 2 Type of piece Piles of 12 cm x 40 cm x 60 cm. Walls measuring 12 cm x 40 cm as described throughout this description. For the concrete of the pieces, a mixture f'c = 200 kg/cm2 was used. The calculation of the design shear stress (v*) and the design compression resistance (f*m) for walls and piers is calculated in accordance with the provisions of Standard NMX-C-464-ONNCCE-2010 and, under the following formula: where: f*m = Design resistance to compression fm = Average resistance of the piles tested and corrected for slenderness Cm = coefficient of variation of the resistance of the piles tested The tests to determine the design resistance compression (f*m) in piles and the test to determine the design shear stress (v*) in walls, were carried out in accordance with the provisions of Standard NMX-C-464-ONNCCE-2010 and the results obtained were illustrated in Tables 6-9, shown below. BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 16 - Table 6 – SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS Summary of Concept

Table 7 – COMPRESSION TEST OF PILES Factor Fm Lar or Essor Height Area Ratio Car to F*m

Where: f*m = Design compressive strength of the masonry fm = It is the average resistance of the piles tested and corrected for slenderness Cm = 0.15 (it is the coefficient of variation of the resistance of the piles tested) Formula: ^^ ∗ ^^ = ^^ ^^ 1+2.5 ^^ ^^ BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 17 - Table 8 – DIAGONAL COMPRESSION TEST OF WALLS v Length or Height Dia onal Area Face to V*

Where: v* = Design resistant shear stress v = It is the average of the resistant forces of the tested walls Cv = 0.20 (Coefficient of variation of the resistant forces of the tested walls) ^^ Formula: ^^ ∗= 1+ 2.5 ^^ ^^

BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 18 - Table 9 – COMPRESSION STRENGTH OF CONCRETE CYLINDERS Strength Strength Mass

Where The specified resistance (kg/cm2) is 200; The specific resistance (MPa) is 19.6. The maximum nominal size of the aggregate (mm) is 20. As can be deduced from the experimental results previously illustrated, it is clear that the incorporation of the longitudinal rules, as well as the semi-joists of culms of bamboo at the longitudinal ends in a construction, advantageously if we consider Complementary Technical Standards of the Construction Regulations for the Federal District, which indicate that for masonry elements (block or partition walls) it shows an increase in overall mechanical resistance, being even capable of showing results ranging from 50 to 56% to the highest compression load capacity and more than 12 and up to 15 times the resistance in the axial load test compared to a construction element that does not use the bamboo system, as has been described throughout this application. Results that reveal the great potential of a renewable material that replaces the use of steel rod, having a considerable impact when it comes to sustainability. And that, in extreme cases, when natural mortars such as clay, reinforced earth or cellulose are used, there is no construction system in the world that is structurally efficient and as sustainable as the one in our proposal.

Claims

BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 19 - CLAIMS 1. An integral bamboo system for construction, the system comprising: - bamboo slat elements; - at least one bamboo strip that is defined as a micro bamboo beam (8); - a plurality of bamboo micro beams; - a plurality of horizontal micro bamboo beams; - a plurality of vertical (9) and horizontal (10') bamboo microbeams to form a board of assembled bamboo microbeams; where at least one layer of hexagonal mesh covers both sides of the board (11, 11'); at least one wire (E), staple, or belt (E') plastic fastener secure the upper and lower mesh layers along the perimeter of the panel; 2. The integral bamboo system for construction according to claim 1, wherein the joint overlaps between grids of prestressed bamboo microbeams are made by means of two sections of mesh (11 and 11') ranging from 40 to 90 cm wide on both sides of the board and woven around its perimeter using wire, tape (E) and/or plastic fastening belt (E'). 3. The integral bamboo construction system according to claim 1, wherein the system can be used on any type of masonry wall (15) selected from the group comprising steel, wood, stone, bamboo, mud, reinforced earth, combinations of the same and/or similar, placed on the enclosure chain (6) steel beams, prefabricated beams, wooden beams or bamboo beams. 4. The integral bamboo construction system according to claim 1 wherein the slabs are flat or inclined. 5. The integral bamboo construction system according to claim 1, wherein the integral system allows the installation of hoses, ducts and/or registers prior to the application of concrete. 6. The integral bamboo construction system according to claim 1, wherein the integral system allows the use of any mortar to replace concrete. BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 20 - 7. The integral bamboo construction system according to claim 1, wherein the integral system can be built/formed on site or prefabricated in a workshop. 8. The integral bamboo construction system according to claim 1, wherein the integral system can be used as walls. 9. The integral bamboo construction system according to claim 6, wherein the integral system can receive polyurethane foam, mineral wool, pellets to replace the mortar. 10. The integral bamboo construction system according to claims 6 and 7, wherein mortar can be applied, as well as additives to improve the mechanical performance of the system. 11. The integral bamboo construction system according to claims 6 to 8, wherein the integral system can use integral, liquid and/or prefabricated waterproofing agents. 12. The integral bamboo construction system according to claim 1, wherein the integral system can be converted into a building that admits the use of a plurality of types of mortar, such as concrete, mortar, lime, concrete, mud, reinforced earth, stucco, Calhidra, resins, bentonite sludge, improved concrete, pozzolans. 13. The integral bamboo system for construction according to claim 1, wherein the integral system integrates bamboo culms and rulers, replacing conventional steel rods, converting the integral system into a sustainable system. 14. The integral bamboo construction system according to claim 1, wherein the mortar can be made of mud or compacted earth, implying a lower environmental impact. 15. The integral bamboo system for construction according to claim 1, wherein when the integral system is incorporated into wall structures, they provide greater simple load capacity and greater axial load capacity, with respect to existing masonry walls. BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 21 - 16. The integral bamboo system for construction according to claim 1, wherein the integral system uses chains, beams, joists and/or bamboo trusses, which are assembled by using steel rods. threaded. 17. The integral bamboo construction system according to claim 1, wherein the wire, tape or cable to be used is placed in a knot on the starter micro beam to keep it in place. 18. The integral bamboo construction system according to claim 1, wherein the wire, tape or cable is longitudinally interwoven in a zigzag manner wrapping filaments of the lower (11) and upper (11') layers of the hexagonal mesh across the board until you reach the opposite end of the board above the mooring head. 19. The integral bamboo construction system according to claim 1, wherein a tension force is applied to the wire, tape or cable in a longitudinal direction (12'), an action that transmits tension to each of the filaments on the bottom (11) and top (11') layers of hexagonal mesh across the board until the desired tension is achieved. 20. The integral bamboo construction system according to claim 1, wherein the tension force applied to the wire, tape or cable will be maintained until it is secured on the final header microbeam by placing a knot, which will maintain the tension permanently. 21. The integral bamboo system for construction according to claim 1, wherein before deploying the board of prestressed bamboo microbeams, in its slab mode, an enclosing chain is installed on the support structure elements ( 6) that allows the wall system to be linked to the slab system. 22. The integral bamboo construction system according to claim 1, wherein support joists (5) are installed on the enclosure chains longitudinally for the boards that function as slabs. 23. The integral bamboo construction system according to claim 1, wherein bamboo reinforcements (7) are installed, in case of large spans, and in addition, said reinforcements (7) are lined with hexagonal mesh to generate structure. . 24. The integral bamboo construction system according to claim 1, wherein the fastening rods (14) are bent towards the center of the board, once BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 22 - the prestressed bamboo microbeam board was displaced on the supporting structure elements. 25. The integral bamboo construction system according to claim 1, wherein concrete or mortar is poured to completely cover the board up to the required level, once the board of prestressed bamboo microbeams has been deployed and fixed on the supporting elements. support structure. 26. The integral bamboo system for construction according to claim 1, wherein the integral bamboo system is transformed into its final form once the concrete or mortar arranged on the prestressed bamboo microbeam board has set. 27. The integral bamboo construction system according to claim 1, wherein the bamboo slat elements can also be of any other wood species, and are assembled defining a board. 28. The integral bamboo construction system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of bamboo micro beams are vertical, parallel, equidistant (9), with the same dimension. 29. The integral bamboo construction system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of horizontal bamboo microbeams have a series of assembly cuts perpendicular to their length (10') with the same dimension. 30. The integral bamboo construction system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of horizontal bamboo microbeams can be assembled by inserting them above and below the vertical microbeams, or on a single section of the microbeams. vertical.