WO2024096726A1 - Système intégré en bambou pour la construction - Google Patents

Système intégré en bambou pour la construction Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024096726A1
WO2024096726A1 PCT/MX2023/050075 MX2023050075W WO2024096726A1 WO 2024096726 A1 WO2024096726 A1 WO 2024096726A1 MX 2023050075 W MX2023050075 W MX 2023050075W WO 2024096726 A1 WO2024096726 A1 WO 2024096726A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bamboo
integral
construction
board
construction system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/MX2023/050075
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Demetrio Ramón CÓRDOVA GONZÁLEZ
Original Assignee
Cordova Gonzalez Demetrio Ramon
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cordova Gonzalez Demetrio Ramon filed Critical Cordova Gonzalez Demetrio Ramon
Publication of WO2024096726A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024096726A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
    • E04B1/06—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material the elements being prestressed
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/14—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements being composed of two or more materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/16—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like
    • E04C2/18—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like with binding wires, reinforcing bars, or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to the field of structures, buildings and civil engineering.
  • the present invention refers to an integral system based on bamboo that can be used in the construction of buildings.
  • Background of the Invention The use of bamboo, particularly as a structural element, is widely known; It is known that, since there has been a need to protect itself from environmental conditions, as well as from attacks by animals and insects, or even as a tool or auxiliary set for a plurality of processes, different technologies have been developed based on said material.
  • Ferrocement is a material with a plurality of uses and applications, such as in ships, silos, swimming pools, canals, etc.; Ferrocement is a type of thin-walled reinforced concrete commonly constructed of hydraulic cement mortar reinforced with closely spaced layers of continuous, relatively small-sized wire mesh.
  • the mesh can be made of metal or other suitable materials,” and “hence the idea of using layers of mesh to provide rigidity to a structure.”
  • precompression was patented by Monier CFW Doehring, who clearly explained the idea of precompression. After failures due to poor quality materials, the idea of pre-compressed concrete was not taken up and/or used again until 1928, when the French engineer, Eugene Freyssinet, demonstrated that the use of high-strength materials was an option.
  • patent MX 2011003620 A which describes a system that uses sections of bamboo poles of diameters less than 3 cm., without alteration of the cylindrical section of said bamboo sticks which, as is known, the natural arrangement of the bamboo fibers, that is, parallel to its axis, gives it great capacity to withstand tensile loads. and compression;
  • a hexagonal mesh is used to which a series of knots are applied along the mesh in order to tension it.
  • This system works efficiently to build load-bearing “walls and columns”, normally subject to compression-traction;
  • it is less efficient, because among other things, when placing a section of bamboo horizontally, two reactions occur: firstly, derived from its cylindrical shape, a mechanical torsion effect is amplified. , that is, it will tend to rotate (2); and, on the other hand, it will tend to flex (4), which can cause and/or generate cracks in the concrete, which is an extremely relevant problem for a slab.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an integral bamboo system for the construction of walls, slabs, chains, girders, reinforcements and any element that serves as a support structure in buildings with various applications. It is another object of the present invention to provide a construction system with low environmental impact and sustainable. It is another objective of the present invention to provide boards of prestressed bamboo microbeams that allow the construction of more efficient structures, where the steel rods are replaced by the use of assembled and prestressed bamboo strips as structural reinforcement, providing resistance, weight reduction, stability.
  • An additional objective of the present invention is that, to provide greater resistance to the bamboo microbeams, join at least two bamboo strips to form a reinforced bamboo microbeam.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to use the board of prestressed bamboo microbeams as a reinforcement structure in roofs of a construction system and to use said board of prestressed bamboo microbeams as a reinforcement structure in walls of a construction system.
  • An additional object of the present invention is to use the prestressed bamboo micro beam boards as a complement to a construction system, where hydraulic concrete is used and if the design allows it, it can be replaced with mortar, mud, earth. compacted, potentiating the application of the system, as well as reducing the environmental impact from the common materials used in construction.
  • An additional object of the present invention is to use prestressed bamboo microbeam boards as a complement to other sustainable construction systems, such as bamboo walls, wooden walls, stone walls, mud walls or compacted earth.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to use bamboo culms as reinforcing elements for enclosure chains, joists, and reinforcements.
  • An additional objective of the present invention is to use prestressed bamboo microbeam boards as a construction system, where their manufacture generates added value to bamboo cultivation.
  • An additional objective of the present invention is to use the prestressed bamboo microbeam panels as a construction system, where the manufacturing process can be carried out in the workshop, reducing freight costs and waste on site.
  • Figure 1 represents the way a bamboo culm supports a simple vertical load, the mechanical torsion effect of a horizontal bamboo culm, the point of contact between two horizontal bamboo culms , as well as the way a horizontal bamboo culm can flex when a simple load is applied and the mechanical torsion effect.
  • Figure 2 represents an enclosure chain, a joist and a truss made of bamboo.
  • Figure 3 represents a bamboo culm in section, the way it is divided into strips (rules), as well as the detail of a bamboo culm.
  • Figure 4 represents a longitudinal bamboo strip and a transverse bamboo strip, an enclosing chain, as well as the way its assembly cuts are located.
  • Figure 5 shows an assembled board, made up of a plurality of longitudinal and transverse rules.
  • Figure 6 shows two layers of hexagonal mesh.
  • Figure 7 represents two identical sections of hexagonal mesh and a board of bamboo microbeams prior to assembly.
  • Figure 8 illustrates a detail of how the bamboo rules are assembled.
  • Figure 9 represents the way to secure the hexagonal meshes on the perimeter of an assembled bamboo microbeam board.
  • Figure 10 shows the way the wire, tape or cable is interwoven in a zig zag between the mesh layers.
  • Figure 11 represents the detail, in section, of the passage of the wire, tape or zigzag cables, fastened from the starting header, passing the upper mesh across the board square, passing the lower mesh and rising again over the upper mesh, repeating the maneuver until reaching the other end of the board, it also shows how to apply the tension force before tying the wire on the finishing header, the tape or the cable to maintain the tension in said element.
  • Figure 12 represents a prestressed bamboo microbeam board.
  • Figure 13 shows the necessary components that make up a common comprehensive bamboo construction system.
  • Figure 14 illustrates two walls with their respective enclosure chains, on which a formwork is enabled that will serve as support to insert a board of prestressed bamboo microbeams.
  • Figure 15 represents the way to fasten a prestressed bamboo microbeam board to the supporting walls.
  • Figure 16 shows a finished concrete slab supported by masonry walls.
  • Figure 17 represents the integral bamboo construction system, using a bamboo framework to span large spans.
  • Figure 18 represents a finished concrete slab supported by masonry walls.
  • Figure 19 illustrates the elements required to install an integral bamboo construction system, supported by prestressed bamboo stems, using a bamboo truss.
  • Figure 20 shows the integral bamboo construction system, supported by prestressed bamboo poles, using a bamboo frame, assembled.
  • Figure 21 shows a construction element, made up of support walls, reinforcement and slab finished under the integral bamboo construction system.
  • each bamboo culm is made up of hollow cylindrical shaped canes that, at each certain distance, have small nodes or tympanums that join and close the gaps between sections, with diameters ranging from less than a centimeter to up to 20 cm. depending on the species of bamboo.
  • a bamboo strip is the result of longitudinally sectioning a bamboo culm (8'); These rules have an approximate width of 3 centimeters, a maximum length of 6 meters and a thickness of half a centimeter.
  • BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 6 - Within a very wide range of applications of bamboo, this application seeks to use bamboo for construction, particularly, using bamboos with diameters greater than 5 cm, unlike what exists and is known within the prior art;
  • bamboo culms are assembled horizontally, with variations in their separation (5), use (6) and type of reinforcement (7) and on the other hand, the cylindrical section of the bamboo culms is divided into strips (8 ') or rulers; An expert will be able to glimpse, based on the teachings of the present invention, how properly grouped bamboo elements can become very structurally resistant, and can also be mechanically efficient and economical.
  • the proposal for the “comprehensive bamboo construction system” as described in this application is developed as a construction system that, through the use of assembled and reinforced bamboo elements, can build walls, chains, joists, reinforcements , slabs and mezzanines, with advantages in cost, speed, stability, structural safety over traditional systems but, mainly by replacing steel rods with bamboo elements, a renewable resource, our system stands out for being sustainable, taking a radical turn if We consider that, depending on the use of the space to be built, we can use concrete, mortar or even clay as mortar.
  • the “basic element” of the system of the present invention is defined as the boards made up of longitudinal (9) and transverse (10') bamboo strips.
  • the “maximum length” of the link between beams will be four to ten times its height, where the average height of “bamboo micro beams” is 2.0 to 5 cm, and at this point, reference will be made to the same as longitudinal and transverse “micro beams”, the longitudinal ones always being considered the longest ones (9), the transverse ones (10') these can go below the longitudinal ones or they can be interspersed above and below which, To facilitate its assembly, a plurality of equidistant assembly cuts (10') are made.
  • the assembly effect on the bamboo micro beams provides two improvements: firstly, the rigidity where its bending resistance is advantageously increased and, On the other hand, it ensures that they remain in place/location and, once assembled, transform into a “self-supporting assembled bamboo micro beam board” as can be seen in Figure 5.
  • bamboo reinforcements (7) that are mounted on the enclosure chains (6) are used as longitudinal support, as seen in Figure 19.
  • BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 8 - a formwork (16) is enabled or, alternatively, it can be considered to replace the formwork with a bamboo mat, which would remain as an apparent finish for the ceiling.
  • the installation of pipes and ducts of the corresponding facilities must be considered, and then the specified mortar is poured onto the board according to the design, remaining drowned and once the setting time is over, the system will be finished.
  • the mortar can be any selected from the group that includes concrete, mortar, mud, compacted earth and once the setting of the mortar has been achieved, said mortar becomes an "integral bamboo system.” for construction” as described in the present invention and as illustrated in Figure 21, and that provides an advantageous solution, which also categorizes the system of the present invention in a novel and innovative application niche.
  • the construction procedure, as well as the elements that make up the present invention, are clearly shown and detailed in the present description and drawings, which are included to illustrate the invention in a general way and, therefore, should not be considered to limit the present invention.
  • the “comprehensive bamboo construction system” is proposed as a new structurally efficient, economical and sustainable construction system, with a simple construction process, where two innovative features: the short distance assembly of bamboo micro beams (see Figure 5) providing greater resistance, as well as the way of attaching the lower and upper layers of mesh in a zigzag to generate a pretension effect as illustrated in the Figure 10, and on the other hand, the use of enclosure chains, joists and reinforcements made of bamboo, configured to load, bind, and hold the elements to form a structure.
  • the construction process begins with the first innovation and is the result of the “assembly” of micro bamboo beams horizontally and vertically, generating assembled bamboo boards (see Figure 5) according to the required dimensions, observing in all cases the envelope of all faces of the board with sections of hexagonal mesh (see Figures 11 and 11') and to keep both sections of the mesh held in place, they are fixed using wire (E) and/or tape and/or plastic fastening belts (E ') around the entire perimeter of the assembled bamboo board (see Figure 9); Subsequently, “the second and most important innovation in the process” is carried out, where, as previously described, cable, wire and/or tape is used, where a knot is also made on the starting header.
  • Said cable is interwoven in a zigzag manner and in the longitudinal direction of the board (see Figure 10), ensuring that said cable passes over the filaments of the lower and upper layers of hexagonal mesh, at the end of passing the wire, tape or the cable for each of the frames, a force is applied to it and it is tensioned (12') subsequently and with BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 9 - the purpose of maintaining the tension force is tied and a second knot is generated, as a stop on the finishing head, ensuring permanent tension.
  • the previously mentioned zigzag interweaving maneuver is carried out continuously without interruption on each vertical line of longitudinal squares of the board (see Figure 10), where said mechanical tension effect directly affects the filaments of the mesh layers, generating tension.
  • enclosure chains (6) made up of two parallel bamboo culms connected to each other, which can range from 30 to 90 centimeters by threaded and screwed rods that protrude at least 50 centimeters; These rods allow connecting downwards with the walls and upwards with the slabs, thus preventing their displacement.
  • a third innovation consists of the use of two parallel bamboo culms connected to each other, which can range from 30 to 90 centimeters by threaded rods screwed at their ends (5) whose function will be as support joists for the slabs.
  • a fourth innovation consists of the use of two bamboo culms and a plurality of threaded steel rods that, vertically in a zig zag manner, connect the upper culm to the lower culm, forming an armor that will allow large gaps to be bridged.
  • the tensile effect on the board makes it self-supporting, that is, it allows it to remain stable, and where the support structure, in the case of walls and/or slabs, must have with anchors or holding rods (14) that bend over prestressed bamboo microbeam boards (see Figure 15), thus avoiding horizontal displacement;
  • a containment formwork (16) is used to prevent the mortar from spilling, and subsequently, the mortar is poured onto the boards;
  • the process results in a “Prestressed bamboo Micro Beam Board Slab”.
  • the integral bamboo construction system of the present invention advantageously uses renewable, low-impact materials as a structural element, generating a “sustainable” construction system, being also capable of being used on any traditional construction system.
  • the integral bamboo construction system in its slab form, advantageously presents outstanding structural rigidity, which cushions the bending effect.
  • the integral bamboo system can be used to form a roof structure that, depending on the design conditions of each project, can be flat slabs or inclined slabs.
  • the prestressed bamboo micro beam boards prior to pouring the mortar, can be placed on the formwork.
  • BII1304194C8-PCT1298 - 10 - polystyrene sheets, mineral wool, pellets in order to cushion the temperature gradient and/or reduce the self-weight of the slab.
  • the present invention allows the application of a special release agent arranged on the surface of the formwork that will prevent it from adhering to the formwork, and if the design requires it, replace the concrete with a synthetic mortar of polyurethane foam, reinforced earth, resins, cellulose paste, in order to cushion the temperature gradient, isolate noise and reduce its own weight. of the structure.
  • the system of the present invention can be installed on any foundation system, with the condition that said foundation considers drown in their entire length, anchors or rods with an exposed length between 40 and 120 cm, and with a minimum separation between them between 30 and up to 90 cm.
  • the prestressed bamboo microbeam boards, particularly in their form of reinforced walls the mortar can be cast using formwork, or thrown manually or by mechanical means for its application, without any limitation.
  • the mortar to be used can be any selected from the group that includes concrete, mortar, calcrete, clay, reinforced earth, combinations thereof and/or similar.
  • the purpose of the diagonal compression tests of WALLS carried out is to obtain the design resistant shear stress (v*) and, on the other hand, the purpose of the compression test of PILES carried out is to obtain the compression resistance ( f*m);
  • compression tests were carried out on concrete cylinders used for the manufacture of piles and walls using the integral bamboo system according to the present invention to determine the compression resistance at 7, 14 and 28 days.
  • the maximum nominal size of the aggregate (mm) is 20.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système intégré en bambou pour la construction, dans lequel l'élément principal de renfort structural est un matériau renouvelable, dont le caractère de durabilité se traduit par la substitution des tiges d'acier de renfort par des tiges, des lamelles ou des baguettes de bambou, à partir desquelles sont produits des panneaux de micro-poutres en bambou, qui sont renforcés avec des mailles hexagonales auxquelles est appliquée une force de tension continue et/ou constante, générant des panneaux de micro-poutres en bambou précontraintes, qui permettent de construire des murs, des dalles ou des éléments structuraux qui sont améliorés avec l'application de béton et/ou d'argamasses naturelles ou synthétiques qui remplacent le béton, qui augmentent avantageusement ses propriétés mécaniques, et augmentent, particulièrement la capacité de supporter et/ou de résister à l'effet de flexion et augmentent la capacité de charge simple et de charge axiale, par rapport aux murs en maçonnerie existants.
PCT/MX2023/050075 2022-10-31 2024-01-03 Système intégré en bambou pour la construction WO2024096726A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MXMX/A/2022/013699 2022-10-31
MX2022013699 2022-10-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024096726A1 true WO2024096726A1 (fr) 2024-05-10

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110151172A1 (en) * 2008-08-22 2011-06-23 Wansi Fu Prestress structural material formed by reorganization with polygonal original bamboo and the manufacturing method
MX2011003620A (es) * 2011-04-05 2012-10-25 Gabriela Gonzalez Avila Sistema de cubiertas naturales.
CN111236486A (zh) * 2020-01-17 2020-06-05 宝业集团股份有限公司 一种装配式竹材节能复合外墙的施工方法
CN212926687U (zh) * 2019-12-31 2021-04-09 中清大科技股份有限公司 竹材与混凝土结合的墙板

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110151172A1 (en) * 2008-08-22 2011-06-23 Wansi Fu Prestress structural material formed by reorganization with polygonal original bamboo and the manufacturing method
MX2011003620A (es) * 2011-04-05 2012-10-25 Gabriela Gonzalez Avila Sistema de cubiertas naturales.
CN212926687U (zh) * 2019-12-31 2021-04-09 中清大科技股份有限公司 竹材与混凝土结合的墙板
CN111236486A (zh) * 2020-01-17 2020-06-05 宝业集团股份有限公司 一种装配式竹材节能复合外墙的施工方法

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