HRP970336A2 - Self-bearing lightweight concrete masonry ceiling - Google Patents

Description

The field of technology

The field of technique is well defined in accordance with MKP subgroup E04B 1/00 and E04B 2/00, which contain general constructions of walls, floors, ceilings and roofs, as well as individual elements.

Technical task

The subject of the invention is a self-supporting lightweight concrete masonry ceiling and roof with lightweight concrete non-reinforced or reinforced filling. The installation of the ceiling is planned manually without any support and without any formwork. The main load-bearing system of the ceiling is a mixed concrete and lightweight concrete grill, in principle without a pressure plate, which, however, is not excluded as a possibility. The prefabricated ceiling joists have the necessary overhang. The ceiling infill is created as an ordinary lightweight concrete block or as a lightweight concrete sandwich from two outer layers of lightweight concrete and a middle layer of polystyrene or similar super light material reinforced on the bottom side with mesh or wires placed in a layer of lightweight concrete sufficient for anti-corrosive protection of the reinforcement and for fire protection. When the pressure plate is made, then the top layer is omitted in the filling because it is subsequently formed by the pressure plate.

State of the art

Although a large number of different hand-assembled ceilings are used in the world today, the proposed system is an original innovation because it is designed without a pressure plate and is also self-supporting in all phases of construction. The closest solutions in terms of concept are: fine-ribbed PALK ceiling from HP-P960170A, lightweight concrete ceiling Ytong Portugal, and FERT brick prefabricated ceiling.

The essence of invention

The essence of the invention is in the application of a ceiling infill that does not require the execution of a pressure plate, in the application of self-supporting prefabricated beams and in the execution of transverse ribs that together with the beams form a complete barbecue system. At the same time, the ceiling filling meets all the necessary conditions of a finished ceiling: it is light in weight and easy to install, it has the necessary load capacity even for heavy loads, it is a sound insulator to a certain extent, it is a heat insulator, it is moisture-proof and it protects against fire to the required extent. Due to the use of fully reinforced lightweight concrete main supports and the optional omission of the pressure plate, the total weight of the ceiling, which can also be the floor of the next floor, is around 120 kg/m2. Monolithization of the ceiling requires very little on-site work. The volume of the ceiling equal to the volume of the 1.5 cm layer should be filled with microconcrete.

Description of the drawing

The drawings show a new self-supporting lightweight concrete masonry ceiling. The drawings show one of the possible ways of applying the elements and in no way restrict the rights granted by the patent claims.

drawing 1 shows the cross-sections of prefabricated billets type O, D and S,

drawing 2 shows a longitudinal section of prefabricated billets type O and D,

drawing 3 shows a cross-section of a self-supporting masonry ceiling with single beams and a section with double beams,

drawing 4 shows a longitudinal section of a self-supporting masonry ceiling without a pressure plate,

drawing 5 shows the transverse and longitudinal section of the reinforced filling of lightweight concrete filling,

drawing 6 shows the bearing and filler

Detailed description of one of the ways of realizing the invention

The new lightweight concrete masonry ceiling with unreinforced or reinforced infill is shown in drawings 1-5, and consists of prefabricated self-supporting beams (1), sleepers (2), prefabricated unreinforced or reinforced lightweight concrete ceiling infill (3), transverse ribs (4), lightweight concrete fillings (5) which are not mandatory, a layer made of thin-layer mortar (6) and a pressure plate which is not mandatory, connected into one structural unit, made as a prefabricated grill construction with subsequent monolithicization. Prefabricated self-supporting beams (1) shown in drawings 1 and 2, designed so that their reinforcement consists of a single or multiple grid with diagonals placed to form a V, X or N shape, the length and dimensions of the cross-section and the sections of the reinforcing bars are chosen according to the requirements of load-bearing capacity and stability, whose reinforcement is welded and, if necessary, coated with an anti-corrosive coating, and reduced as ordinary (O), double-reinforced (D) or special (S) and that have additional reinforcing bars in the upper (1.6) and lower belt (1.5) which is not mandatory, whereby their bearing strip (1.1) is made of lightweight concrete with a high load-bearing capacity or normal concrete, and the rib body (1.2) is partially or entirely concreted with layers of light and normal concrete, which is not mandatory.

Partial or complete concreting of the rib body of the slab is done for larger spans due to partial or complete local stabilization of pressure reinforcing bars. At the same time, openings for the passage of the transverse ribs are left at appropriate places in the body of the rib.

The recommended dimensions are: ceiling span l < 6.0 m at H=15 cm, l < 9.0 m at H = 20 cm, l < 12.0 m at H = 25 cm. Bearing strip t = 3 cm, d = 8.0 cm, d1=4.0 cm, h1=5.0 cm, k=20 cm. The recommended axial spacing of the beds is about 67 cm and the transverse ribs between 75 and 200 cm.

The bed (O) is constructed in such a way that the reinforcing frame (1.3) forms the R support with an angle of inclination of the transverse side to the horizontal greater than 80o degrees, that the R support has a curvilinear or polygonal overhang, which is not mandatory, that its bearing strip (1.1) is curved in the form of a square parabola or similar curve with an overhang in the middle of the size range l/750 < < l/50.

The beam (D) designed so that it can be supported in places when the ceiling is installed, whose reinforcing skeleton (1.3) and (1.4) consists of two R supports placed one inside the other, where the R supports are rectilinear or have a curvilinear or polygonal overhang 1, where its bearing strip (1.1) is curved in the form of a square parabola or a similar curve with an overhang in the middle of the size range l/750 < < l/50 which is not mandatory.

The beam (S) made so that it can be supported in places when installing the ceiling, whose arature skeleton (1.3) and (1.4) consists of two R supports placed one above the other, where the R supports are rectilinear or have a curvilinear or polygonal overhang 1, where its bearing strip (1.1) is curved in the form of a square parabola or a similar curve with an overhang in the middle of the size range l/750 < < l/50, which is not mandatory.

The lounger (2) shown in drawing 5, has the shape of an elongated cube and is made of light or normal concrete reinforced with at least one bar (2.1) that has hooks or welded transverse bars (2.2) at the ends. It is used to connect prefabricated beams during the ceiling installation phase. It prevents the beds from moving apart and coming closer together.

The lightweight reinforced concrete ceiling infill shown in drawings 3, 4 and 5, with dimensions and reinforcement selected in accordance with the load-bearing capacity and geometry of the ceiling, as well as the requirements for protection against temperature, moisture, noise and fire, whose reinforcement is coated with an anti-corrosive coating if necessary, is made of the lower lightweight concrete layer (3.1) mass less than 1500 kg/m3 and strength greater than 2 MPa reinforced with wires or nets (3.4) which has notches on the edges suitable for resting on the bearing strips (1.1) of prefabricated beds, second non-load-bearing layer (3.2) made of polystyrene, glass wool or similar super light material or from light concrete weighing less than 800 kg/m3, third layer (3.3) made of light concrete which is not mandatory.

Ceiling light concrete non-reinforced filling (3) shown in drawings 3 and 4, made of light aerated concrete, styro concrete or similar material with a mass of less than 800 kg/m3 and a compressive strength greater than 2 MPa, which has a cube shape or something similar and which has notches on the edges of a rectangular or similar shape suitable for abutting on the bearing strip (1.1) of the prefabricated slabs.

The height and length of the infill are chosen according to the geometry of the ceiling, and the width of the infill is based on the condition that its weight is suitable for handling 15-25 kg/piece.

The transverse rib (4) is shown in drawing 4, reinforced with rods (4.2) in the lower belt, and if necessary also in the upper belt (4.3), which is not mandatory, or with lattice reinforcement that passes through the R supports of the slabs, it is performed as a monolithic reinforced concrete element in the volume (4.1) that remains between the infill beds and the slabs, made of light concrete or normal micro concrete (zero fraction plus cement), so that with the reinforced concrete slabs they form a complete grill construction. The reinforcement of the transverse ribs is chosen in such a way as to meet the construction conditions in seismic areas.

One of the possible types for making a lightweight concrete body of a prefabricated bed and reinforced filling is lightweight concrete based on expanded polystyrene (styrobeton). If the lightweight concrete body is made as lightweight strip concrete, then in case it serves as anti-corrosion protection or as a body for stabilizing reinforcing bars or is exposed to any type of fire load, the density of lightweight concrete must be greater than 800 kg/m3.

Method of industrial application

The way of industrial application of the invention in the broadest sense is obvious. The proposed lightweight concrete grill ceiling with reinforced filling is an adaptable and adaptable construction system in practice for a new way of building various ceiling and roof structures that are based on a complete system or on individual load-bearing lightweight concrete elements from this invention.

Claims (9)

1. The self-supporting light-weight concrete masonry ceiling is a composite steel-light-weight concrete structure characterized by the fact that it is produced as a self-supporting prefabricated structure and is monolithic by the dry assembly process, which consists of prefabricated self-supporting steel-concrete beams (1), light-weight concrete or micro-concrete bearing blocks (2), lightweight concrete one-piece or three-layer ceiling blocks (3), transverse lightweight concrete or micro concrete ribs (4), lightweight concrete fillings (5), which are not mandatory, and thin-layer cement or similar mortar (6). 2. Prefabricated self-supporting beams (1) according to claim 1, in variants (D) and (S), designed so that the reinforcement is welded in places, and the cross-sections of the reinforcing bars are selected in accordance with the load-bearing and stability requirements and, if necessary, coated with an anti-corrosive coating, indicated by the fact that their reinforcement is composed of a quadruple lattice (1.3) and (1.4) whose diagonals are placed to form an X, V or N shape, which, depending on the range, have additional reinforcing bars in the upper (1.6) and lower belt (1.5) which it is not mandatory that the bearing strip (1.1) and the body (1.2) are made of light concrete with a compressive strength of more than 3 MPa or of micro concrete made of sand, cement and water, curved in the form of a square parabola or a similar curve with an overhang in the middle of the span sizes l/750 < < l/50, which reinforcement belts have a curvilinear or polygonal overhang 1, which is not mandatory. 3. Prefabricated self-supporting beams (1) according to claim 1, in variant (O) shaped so that the reinforcement is welded in places and the cross-sections of reinforcing bars are selected in accordance with the load-bearing and stability requirements and, if necessary, coated with an anti-corrosive coating, indicated by the fact that the reinforcement is assembled from a single or double grid (1.3) and (1.4) whose diagonals are placed to form an X, V or N shape, which have additional reinforcing bars in the upper (1.6) and lower belt (1.5), which is their bearing strip (1.1 ) and the body (1.2) made of light concrete with a compressive strength greater than 3 MPa or of micro concrete made of sand, cement and water, curved in the form of a square parabola or a similar curve with an overhang in the middle of the size range l/750 < < l/50, that the reinforcement belts have a curvilinear or polygonal overhang 1. 4. Lounger (2) according to claim 1, indicated by the fact that it is shaped like an elongated cube or similar, made of light concrete or micro concrete, which is reinforced with at least one bar (2.1), which has hooks or welded transverse bars (2.2) at the ends ) which is not mandatory. 5. Lightweight concrete three-layer ceiling block (3) according to requirement (1), with dimensions and reinforcement selected in accordance with the load-bearing capacity and geometry of the ceiling, as well as the requirements for protection against temperature, moisture, noise and fire, the reinforcement of which is coated with an anti-corrosive coating if necessary, indicated by the fact that is made of the lower lightweight concrete layer (3.1) with a mass of less than 1500 kg/m3 and a strength of more than 2 MPa, reinforced with wires or nets (3.4), which has notches (3.5) on the edges suitable for resting on the bearing strips (1.1) of prefabricated slabs, another non-load-bearing layer (3.2) made of polystyrene, glass wool or similar super light material or of light concrete weighing less than 1000 kg/m3, third layer (3.3) made of light concrete which is optional. 6. Lightweight concrete one-piece ceiling block (3) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it is unreinforced and made of lightweight aerated concrete, styro concrete or similar material with a volume weight of less than 900 kg/m3 and a compressive strength of more than 2 MPa, tensile strength of more than 0.2 MPa, which has the shape of a cube or similar and which has notches (3.5) on the edges of a rectangular or similar shape, suitable for abutting on the bearing strip (1.1) of the prefabricated slabs. 7. Transverse rib (4) according to claim 1, indicated by the fact that it is reinforced with rods (4.2) in the lower belt, and if necessary also in the upper belt (4.3), which is not mandatory, or with lattice reinforcement that passes through the beam supports (1), which is performed as a monolithic lightweight concrete or micro-concrete reinforced element in volume (4.1) that remains between the bearings of the ceiling blocks and the beams, made of lightweight concrete or cast micro-concrete so that it forms a grill structure with the steel-concrete beams (1). 8. The procedure for making the reinforcing skeleton of the prefabricated bed in variant D according to claim 2, indicated by the fact that it consists of two classic R supports placed one above the other and shortened by half the stroke of the grid filling, then compressed to the required width and, if necessary, additional reinforcement placed in the upper and a lower belt, which is optional. 9. The procedure for making a self-supporting lightweight concrete masonry ceiling according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it consists of placing prefabricated beams (1) on previously prepared walls and supports, then simultaneously placing bearings (2) and ceiling blocks (3) from one or more edges of the ceiling according to others, after that, the reinforcement of the transverse ribs (4) is placed and monolithic is carried out by concreting the remaining part of the volume of the prefabricated slabs (1) and the transverse ribs (4) with micro concrete or light concrete up to the intended height of the slabs, then in the remaining part of the volume above the slabs and of the transverse ribs, fillers (5) are placed, which is not mandatory, then the entire ceiling surface is covered with at least one thin layer (6) of diluted thin-layer mortar, which is used to fill the joints between the ceiling fillers.