ME00510B - Grilled lightweight concrete masonry ceiling - Google Patents

Abstract

The new system for producing lattice-light concrete ceiling for construction solves the problem of casting flat slabs, platonic slabs, stairs and similar structures. It is rational, efficient in casting, provides excellent load-bearing conditions, temperature insulation, moisture protection and fire resistance. The new system consists of the following elements: precast steel beam and concrete, precast lightweight concrete or micro-concrete lower belt, precast light platinum block, single or three-layer reinforced and made of lightweight concrete or micro-concrete, precast lightweight upper belt, precast lightweight a layer of cement mortar or similar material la; All these elements, by their shape and dimensions, make for a compatible system. The structure can be poured manually without being supported as it is self-supporting. The structure is of lattice type with hidden compression plate. Due to prefabrication, the structure has a curvature. The platonic block is made as the final structural element. The finished ceiling is covered with a thin layer of plaster. Adaptability of the system to different forms of houses or structures, using several types of pre-cast elements, contributes to its rationality and wide applicability. The correct shape of the elements allows the application of different parts of buildings, different shapes so that architects and engineers get more creative freedom in the construction of houses and structures.

Description

Technical authority

The field of technique is very well defined by subgroups IPK E 04 B 1/00 and E 04 B 2/00, which include general structures built by new design and manufacturing procedures.

Technical problem

Lattice light concrete ceiling solves the problem of casting flat slabs, roof slabs, stairs and similar structures. The structures can be lifted manually without supports, since the structure is self-supporting because it is cast. The structure is of the lattice type with a hidden compression plate. Due to prefabrication, the structure is curved. The Platonic block is made as the final structural element. The finished ceiling is covered with a thin layer of plaster. The adaptability of the system to various forms of cubes and buildings, along with the use of several types of precast elements, contributes to rationality and wide application.

State of the art

Existing lightweight concrete systems that solve the mentioned technical task to a certain extent are (1) Ytong mixed construction system, Portugal, Israel and Turkey, (2) Ytong prefabricated slab system, applied in more than 20 European countries, (3) Siporex prefabricated slab system , similar to (2) in Europe, (4) Italgas prefabricated panel system, similar to (2) in Europe. -

There are no similar solutions to those according to this patent in the construction industry, because all the previously mentioned systems are based on the significant participation of lightweight concrete to absorb internal forces and stresses.

According to this concept reported in this patent, the reinforcements take on the stresses, while the lightweight concrete or micro-concrete plays a secondary role.

The main feature of this polenta is the application of the principle of complete reinforcement with light or micro-concrete of prefabricated rims and transverse ribs of the grid building platonic structure.

The principle enables almost complete transfer of compressive, tensile and shear stresses to reinforcements.

Therefore, the lattice elements take on the total force, so the platonic block can be a single structural member, which takes the local load, without the usually applied compression plate.

A thin layer of plaster applied over the block and grid system makes the system a compact structure.

Due to the low self-weight of the structure and the high bearing capacity of the rim, the structures do not need to be supported during lifting. The curvature of the prefabricated rim necessarily follows this principle.

That is why the lightweight concrete body becomes a secondary structural part for local and overall stabilization and takes on the role of protection against corrosion, heat, noise and moisture.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The drawings show a new system of latticed lightweight concrete ceiling for construction. Each drawing shows one possible way of applying the system and does not limit the rights contained in the patent claims.

* Drawing 1 shows a cross-section of prefabricated D-beams.

* Drawing 2 shows the appearance of one beam D.

* Drawing 3 shows a cross-section of the ceiling structure, where the upper part shows a single beam, and the lower part shows a double beam.

* Drawing 4 shows a longitudinal section of the platonic structure.

* Drawing 5 shows a cross-section of a three-layer platonic block.

* Drawing 6 shows the axonometric view of the lower and upper thresholds.

The new lattice light concrete ceiling system, shown in Fig. 1-5, consists of the following elements: prefabricated steel and concrete beam (1), prefabricated concrete or microconcrete lower threshold (2). prefabricated light platonic, block, one-layer and three-layer (3), with transverse ribs, reinforced and made of light or micro concrete (4), prefabricated light upper threshold (5), thin layer of plaster made of cement or similar material (6); all these elements form one compatible system, with their shape and dimensions.

The prefabricated self-supporting beam (1) shown in fig. 1 and 2 shows that the beam (D) is cast with partially welded steel reinforcement, whose bars are selected according to load capacity and stability conditions, and which is coated, if necessary, with one coating. The reinforced beam forms quadruple weights (1.3) and (1.4), whose diagonal bars are cast in X, V, or N -forms, depending on the span, with longitudinal bars reinforced by additional bars (1.6) in the upper and (1.5) in the lower zone , which is optional; the lower belt (1.) and the body (1.2) are made of light concrete, whose compressive strength reaches 3.0 MPa, or micro-concrete, made of fine sand, with a grain size of less than 8 mm, with the lower edge curved in the form parabolas of the second order or similar, with a deflection of I/750 < ∆ < I/50, where I is the span of the beam.

The recommended dimensions are: range I < 6.5 m for H = 15 cm, range I < 9.0 m for H = 20 cm, range I < 12.0 m for H = 25 cm. Lower zone of concrete, t = 3 cm, d = 9.0 cm, tower zone d1 = 5.0 cm, h1 = 5.0 cm, step of nodes k = 20 cm. The recommended distance of beams B is 68-79 cm, and the transverse distance of the ribs is 79-129 cm.

The prefabricated lower belt (2) with si.5, has the shape of an elongated parallelepiped or similar, is cast from lightweight concrete or microconcrete and reinforced with at least one rod (2.1), the ends of which protrude outside the parallelepiped and are used to connect the belt to the beam (1),

The recommended dimensions are: range l=B-d, t=3 cm, b=3-5 cm.

The light platonic three-layer block (3) is shown on si.3, 4 and 5. Its dimensions and reinforcing bars are chosen according to: ceiling load-bearing capacity, temperature protection, resistance to

moisture and fire; its bars are protected by coatings, if necessary. The first light layer is made of light concrete with a density of less than 1500 kg/m3 and an allowable compressive stress of up to 2 MPa, reinforced with wire or welded wire mesh (3.4), with a notch (3.5) along the edge. The second non-bearing layer (3.2) is made of expanded polystyrene, mineral wool or similar super-light material, or of light concrete with a density of less than 1000 kg/m3. The third layer (3.3) is made of lightweight concrete, but it is not mandatory. The recommended dimensions are: length (B-d1) 45-65 cm, thickness H 12-30 cm, width 2050 cm.

A light Platonic monolayer block (3) is shown in Fig. 3, 4 and 5. It is made of light air-entrained or foam concrete, expanded polystyrene concrete or similar material, whose density is less than 900 kg/m3, and the permissible compressive stress reaches 2 MPa, bending stress up to 0.2 MPa, in the form of a parallelepiped with a notch on the edge (3.5), if it is square or similar in shape. The recommended dimensions are similar to the three-layer block.

The transverse rib is shown in si.4, Its reinforcing bars are in the zone (4.2) of the layer, reinforcing bars in the upper zone (4,3), which is optional; it can be poured on site from light concrete or micro-concrete within the space formed between the belt and the upper block, which form a lattice structure between the belt and the platonic block, and which together with the beam (1) form a lattice structure, resistant to in-plane and out-of-plane loads , especially to seismic loads.

Recommended width is b = 3.5 cm, height (H-t) is 10 to 27 cm.

One of the possible procedures for the production of the light body of the beam (1), platonic block (3) and transverse ribs (4) is from light concrete in the form of light aggregate such as expanded polystyrene. If lightweight concrete is produced using expanded polystyrene aggregates, then the density should be greater than 800 kg/m3, if the elements are structural or exposed to any fire load.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION

The application of this patent is obvious. The proposed lightweight concrete ceiling is applicable in practice as a new procedure for the production of various structures such as flat plates, platonic plates, stairs, etc., based on the system of prefabrication and joining according to this patent.

Patent claims

1. Lattice lightweight concrete ceiling for construction is a "high grade" prefabricated composite structure of steel and lightweight concrete, consisting of: (1) beam of steel and lightweight concrete, (2) lower belt, (3) structural ceiling block, (4) transverse ribs made of reinforced lightweight concrete or micro-concrete, (5) upper belt, (6) thin layer of plaster, made of cement or similar material and placed in at least one step, indicated by the fact that

steel and concrete beam (1) consists of a concrete body (1,2) and a prefabricated self-supporting beam (D), which is made in the form of two double belts (1.3) and (1.4), each of which is prefabricated from welded reinforcing bars. placed one above the other, offset by half the distance of the nodes of the belt, with diagonal bars on the span made in X, V or N-shape, from supplementary bars (1.6) and (1.5), and the lower curved concrete belt (1.1) of deflection A , where is I/750 < ∆ < I/50, where the lower belt (1.1) and the body (1.2) are made of light concrete with a permissible compressive stress of up to 3.0 MPa, or of micro-concrete, made of fine sand with a grain size smaller than 8 mm;

the lower belt (2) is elongated parallelepiped or similar in shape, made of lightweight concrete and reinforced with at least one bar (2.1), the ends of which stick out of the parallelepiped and are used to connect the belt to the beam (1);

structural platonic block (3) is a prefabricated single-layer part made of light aerated concrete, foam concrete, expanded polystyrene concrete or similar light concrete, with a density of less than 900 kg/m3 and an allowable compressive stress of up to 2 MPa, an allowable tensile stress of up to 0 ,2 MPa, shaped as a homogeneous parallelepiped with a notch on the edge of a square or similar shape;

the upper belt (5) is made as a prefabricated lightweight concrete part, which is optional.

2. Lattice lightweight concrete ceiling for construction according to Patent claim 1,

indicated t i m e , which is a self-supporting structure during pouring, due to the use of a previously poured beam (D) as a supporting element.

3. Lattice lightweight concrete ceiling for construction according to Claims 1 and 2, i.e., the structural platonic block (3) is made as a prefabricated three-layer part, while the first layer (3.1) is made of lightweight concrete with a density of less than 1500 kg/m3 and permissible compressive stress up to 2 MPa, reinforced with wire or welded wire mesh (3.4), the second non-bearing layer (3.2) is made of expanded polystyrene, mineral wool or similar super-light material, or of light concrete, density less than 1000 kg/m3, and the third layer (3.3) is made of lightweight concrete.

4. The procedure for casting a reinforced frame of a prefabricated beam (D) according to Patent Claim 1, characterized by the fact that the prefabricated reinforced weights (1.3) and (1.4) are placed on top of each other, shifted from each other by half the distance of the nodes on the weights: after that, add additional bars in the upper zone (1.6) and the whole assembly is mechanically pressed laterally so that the lower belt reaches the correct size and the diagonal bars of the belt (1.3) lie against the weights of the upper belt (1.4), while the diagonal bars of the weights (1.4) lie against the supplementary bars for strengthening (1.6) ; finally, additional bars can be poured in the upper zone (1.6) and in the lower zone (1.5).

Claims (4)

1. Lattice lightweight concrete ceiling for construction is a "high grade" prefabricated composite structure of steel and lightweight concrete, consisting of: (1) beam of steel and lightweight concrete, (2) lower belt, (3) structural ceiling block, (4) transverse ribs made of reinforced lightweight concrete or micro-concrete, (5) upper belt, (6) thin layer of plaster, made of cement or similar material and placed in at least one step, indicated by the fact that steel and concrete beam (1) consists of a concrete body (1,2) and a prefabricated self-supporting beam (D), which is made in the form of two double belts (1.3) and (1.4), each of which is prefabricated from welded reinforcing bars placed one above the other, offset by half the span of the girder nodes, with diagonal bars on the span made in an X, V or N-shape, from supplementary bars (1.6) and (1.5), and a lower curved concrete girder (1.1) deflection A, where I/750 < ∆ < I/50, where the lower belt (1.1) and the body (1.2) are made of light concrete with a permissible compressive stress of up to 3.0 MPa, or of micro-concrete, made of fine sand grain size less than 8 mm; the lower belt (2) is elongated parallelepiped or similar in shape, made of lightweight concrete and reinforced with at least one bar (2.1), the ends of which stick out of the parallelepiped and are used to connect the belt with the beam (1); structural platonic block (3) is a prefabricated single-layer part made of light aerated concrete, foam concrete, expanded polystyrene concrete or similar light concrete, with a density of less than 900 kg/m3 and an allowable compressive stress of up to 2 MPa, an allowable tensile stress of up to 0 ,2 MPa, shaped as a homogeneous parallelepiped with a notch on the edge of a square or similar shape; the upper belt (5) is made as a prefabricated lightweight concrete part, which is optional. 2. Lattice light concrete ceiling for construction according to Patent Claim 1, indicated by the name, which is a self-supporting structure during pouring, due to the use of a previously poured beam (D) as a supporting element. 3. Lattice light concrete ceiling for construction according to Claims 1 and 2, the main thing is that the structural platonic block (3) is made as a prefabricated three-layer part, where the first layer (3.1) is made of light concrete with a density of less than 1500 kg/m3 and permissible compressive stress up to 2 MPa, reinforced with wire or welded wire mesh (3.4), the second non-bearing layer (3.2) is made of expanded polystyrene, mineral wool or similar super-light material, or of lightweight concrete , density less than 1000 kg/m3, and the third layer (3.3) is made of lightweight concrete. 4. The procedure for casting a reinforced frame of a prefabricated beam (D) according to Patent Claim 1, characterized by the fact that the prefabricated reinforced weights (1.3) and (1.4) are placed on top of each other, shifted from each other by half the distance of the nodes on the weights: after that, add additional bars in the upper zone (1.6) and the whole assembly is mechanically pressed laterally so that the lower belt reaches the correct size and the diagonal bars of the belt (1.3) lie against the weights of the upper belt (1.4), while the diagonal bars of the weights (1.4) lie against the supplementary bars for strengthening (1.6) ; finally, additional bars can be poured in the upper zone (1.6) and in the lower zone (1.5).